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Miele E, Anghileri E, Calatozzolo C, Lazzarini E, Patrizi S, Ciolfi A, Pedace L, Patanè M, Abballe L, Paterra R, Maddaloni L, Barresi S, Mastronuzzi A, Petruzzi A, Tramacere I, Farinotti M, Gurrieri L, Pirola E, Scarpelli M, Lombardi G, Villani V, Simonelli M, Merli R, Salmaggi A, Tartaglia M, Silvani A, DiMeco F, Calistri D, Lamperti E, Locatelli F, Indraccolo S, Pollo B. Clinicopathological and molecular landscape of 5-year IDH-wild-type glioblastoma survivors: A multicentric retrospective study. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216711. [PMID: 38423245 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Five-year glioblastoma (GBM) survivors (LTS) are the minority of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM patients, and their molecular fingerprint is still largely unexplored. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed a large LTS-GBM cohort from nine Italian institutions and molecularly characterized a subgroup of patients by mutation, DNA methylation (DNAm) and copy number variation (CNV) profiling, comparing it to standard survival GBM. Mutation scan allowed the identification of pathogenic variants in most cases, showing a similar mutational spectrum in both groups, and highlighted TP53 as the most commonly mutated gene in the LTS group. We confirmed DNAm as a valuable tool for GBM classification with a diagnostic refinement by using brain tumor classifier v12.5. LTS were more heterogeneous with more cases classified as diffuse pediatric high-grade glioma subtypes and having peculiar CNVs. We observed a global higher methylation in CpG islands and in gene promoters of LTS with methylation levels of distinct gene promoters correlating with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Anghileri
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB), Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Calatozzolo
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lazzarini
- Basic and Translational Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Patrizi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Patanè
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB), Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Maddaloni
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB), Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Petruzzi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB), Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Tramacere
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Farinotti
- Neuroepidemiology-Brain Cancer Registry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Gurrieri
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy
| | - Elena Pirola
- Department of Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Scarpelli
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Simonelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Merli
- Neurosurgery Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Silvani
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurological Surgery, John Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Elena Lamperti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB), Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Basic and Translational Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Williams CH, Neitzel LR, Cornell J, Rea S, Mills I, Silver MS, Ahmad JD, Birukov KG, Birukova A, Brem H, Tyler B, Bar EE, Hong CC. GPR68-ATF4 signaling is a novel prosurvival pathway in glioblastoma activated by acidic extracellular microenvironment. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38291540 PMCID: PMC10829393 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stands as a formidable challenge in oncology because of its aggressive nature and severely limited treatment options. Despite decades of research, the survival rates for GBM remain effectively stagnant. A defining hallmark of GBM is a highly acidic tumor microenvironment, which is thought to activate pro-tumorigenic pathways. This acidification is the result of altered tumor metabolism favoring aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Low extracellular pH confers radioresistant tumors to glial cells. Notably GPR68, an acid sensing GPCR, is upregulated in radioresistant GBM. Usage of Lorazepam, which has off target agonism of GPR68, is linked to worse clinical outcomes for a variety of cancers. However, the role of tumor microenvironment acidification in GPR68 activation has not been assessed in cancer. Here we interrogate the role of GPR68 specifically in GBM cells using a novel highly specific small molecule inhibitor of GPR68 named Ogremorphin (OGM) to induce the iron mediated cell death pathway: ferroptosis. METHOD OGM was identified in a non-biased zebrafish embryonic development screen and validated with Morpholino and CRISPR based approaches. Next, A GPI-anchored pH reporter, pHluorin2, was stably expressed in U87 glioblastoma cells to probe extracellular acidification. Cell survival assays, via nuclei counting and cell titer glo, were used to demonstrate sensitivity to GPR68 inhibition in twelve immortalized and PDX GBM lines. To determine GPR68 inhibition's mechanism of cell death we use DAVID pathway analysis of RNAseq. Our major indication, ferroptosis, was then confirmed by western blotting and qRT-PCR of reporter genes including TFRC. This finding was further validated by transmission electron microscopy and liperfluo staining to assess lipid peroxidation. Lastly, we use siRNA and CRISPRi to demonstrate the critical role of ATF4 suppression via GPR68 for GBM survival. RESULTS We used a pHLourin2 probe to demonstrate how glioblastoma cells acidify their microenvironment to activate the commonly over expressed acid sensing GPCR, GPR68. Using our small molecule inhibitor OGM and genetic means, we show that blocking GPR68 signaling results in robust cell death in all thirteen glioblastoma cell lines tested, irrespective of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, or resistance to the mainstay GBM chemotherapeutic temozolomide. We use U87 and U138 glioblastoma cell lines to show how selective induction of ferroptosis occurs in an ATF4-dependent manner. Importantly, OGM was not-acutely toxic to zebrafish and its inhibitory effects were found to spare non-malignant neural cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate GPR68 emerges as a critical sensor for an autocrine pro-tumorigenic signaling cascade triggered by extracellular acidification in glioblastoma cells. In this context, GPR68 suppresses ATF4, inhibition of GPR68 increases expression of ATF4 which leads to ferroptotic cell death. These findings provide a promising therapeutic approach to selectively induce ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells while sparing healthy neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Williams
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Cornell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Rea
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maya S Silver
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jovanni D Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Zhang J, Wang G, Yan B, Yang G, Yang Q, Hu Y, Guo J, Zhao N, Wang L, Wang H. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome profiles in primary and recurrent glioblastoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023:e2200085. [PMID: 38037768 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by poor prognosis and high recurrence. The underlying molecular mechanism that drives tumor progression and recurrence is unclear. This study is intended to look for molecular and biological changes that play a key role in GBM recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was performed on three primary GBM and three recurrent GBM tissues. Omics analyses were conducted using label-free quantitative proteomics and whole transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS A significant difference was found between primary GBM and recurrent GBM at the transcriptional level. Similar to other omics studies of cancer, a weak overlap was observed between transcriptome and proteome, and Procollagen C-Endopeptidase Enhancer 2 (PCOLCE2) was observed to be upregulated at mRNA and protein levels. Analysis of public cancer database revealed that high expression of PCOLCE2 is associated with poor prognosis of patients with GBM and that it may be a potential prognostic indicator. Functional and environmental enrichment analyses revealed significantly altered signaling pathways related to energy metabolism, including mitochondrial ATP synthesis-coupled electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides new insights into the recurrence process of GBM through combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, complementing the existing GBM transcriptomic and proteomic data and suggesting that integrated multi-omics analyses may reveal new disease features of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ge Yang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiuru Guo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Kast RE. The OSR9 Regimen: A New Augmentation Strategy for Osteosarcoma Treatment Using Nine Older Drugs from General Medicine to Inhibit Growth Drive. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15474. [PMID: 37895152 PMCID: PMC10607234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As things stand in 2023, metastatic osteosarcoma commonly results in death. There has been little treatment progress in recent decades. To redress the poor prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma, the present regimen, OSR9, uses nine already marketed drugs as adjuncts to current treatments. The nine drugs in OSR9 are: (1) the antinausea drug aprepitant, (2) the analgesic drug celecoxib, (3) the anti-malaria drug chloroquine, (4) the antibiotic dapsone, (5) the alcoholism treatment drug disulfiram, (6) the antifungal drug itraconazole, (7) the diabetes treatment drug linagliptin, (8) the hypertension drug propranolol, and (9) the psychiatric drug quetiapine. Although none are traditionally used to treat cancer, all nine have attributes that have been shown to inhibit growth-promoting physiological systems active in osteosarcoma. In their general medicinal uses, all nine drugs in OSR9 have low side-effect risks. The current paper reviews the collected data supporting the role of OSR9.
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Shinkai VMT, Sampaio IMO, Dos Santos EG, Galué-Parra AJ, Ferreira DP, Baliza DDMS, Ramos NF, Pimenta RS, Burbano RMR, Sena CBC, Macchi BM, Ferreira IM, Silva EO, do Nascimento JLM. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Eleutherine Isolated from Eleutherine plicata Bulb in Rat Glioma C6 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36557983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults, and have a poor prognosis, despite the different types of treatment available. There is growing demand for new therapies to treat this life-threatening tumor. Quinone derivatives from plants have received increased interest as potential anti-glioma drugs, due to their diverse pharmacologic activities, such as inhibiting cell growth, inflammation, tumor invasion, and promoting tumor regression. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-glioma activity of Eleutherine plicata, which is related to three main naphthoquinone compounds-eleutherine, isoeleutherine, and eleutherol-but their mechanism of action remains elusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of eleutherine on rat C6 glioma. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay; morphological changes were evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy. Apoptosis was determined by annexin V-FITC-propidium iodide staining, and antiproliferative effects were assessed by wound migration and colony formation assays. Protein kinase B (AKT/pAKT) expression was measured by western blot, and telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Eleutherine reduced C6 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, suppressed migration and invasion, induced apoptosis, and reduced AKT phosphorylation and telomerase expression. In summary, our results suggest that eleutherine has potential clinical use in treating glioma.
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Ammour Y, Susova O, Krasnov G, Nikolaeva E, Varachev V, Schetinina Y, Gavrilova M, Mitrofanov A, Poletaeva A, Bekyashev A, Faizuloev E, Zverev VV, Svitich OA, Nasedkina TV. Transcriptome Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Cells Susceptible to Infection with the Leningrad-16 Vaccine Strain of Measles Virus. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 36366531 DOI: 10.3390/v14112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for almost half of all primary malignant brain tumors in adults and has a poor prognosis. Here we demonstrated the oncolytic potential of the L-16 vaccine strain of measles virus (MV) against primary human GBM cells and characterized the genetic patterns that determine the sensitivity of primary human GBM cells to oncolytic therapy. MV replicated in all GBM cells, and seven out of eight cell lines underwent complete or partial oncolysis. RNA-Seq analysis identified about 1200 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) with at least two-fold expression level change between MV-infected and uninfected cells. Among them, the most significant upregulation was observed for interferon response, apoptosis and cytokine signaling. One out of eight GBM cell lines was defective in type I interferon production and, thus, in the post-interferon response, other cells lacked expression of different cellular defense factors. Thus, none of the cell lines displayed induction of the total gene set necessary for effective inhibition of MV replication. In the resistant cells, we detected aberrant expression of metalloproteinase genes, particularly MMP3. Thus, such genes could be considered intriguing candidates for further study of factors responsible for cell sensitivity and resistance to L-16 MV infection.
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Jenner AL, Smalley M, Goldman D, Goins WF, Cobbs CS, Puchalski RB, Chiocca EA, Lawler S, Macklin P, Goldman A, Craig M. Agent-based computational modeling of glioblastoma predicts that stromal density is central to oncolytic virus efficacy. iScience 2022; 25:104395. [PMID: 35637733 PMCID: PMC9142563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging cancer immunotherapy. Despite notable successes in the treatment of some tumors, OV therapy for central nervous system cancers has failed to show efficacy. We used an ex vivo tumor model developed from human glioblastoma tissue to evaluate the infiltration of herpes simplex OV rQNestin (oHSV-1) into glioblastoma tumors. We next leveraged our data to develop a computational, model of glioblastoma dynamics that accounts for cellular interactions within the tumor. Using our computational model, we found that low stromal density was highly predictive of oHSV-1 therapeutic success, suggesting that the efficacy of oHSV-1 in glioblastoma may be determined by stromal-to-tumor cell regional density. We validated these findings in heterogenous patient samples from brain metastatic adenocarcinoma. Our integrated modeling strategy can be applied to suggest mechanisms of therapeutic responses for central nervous system cancers and to facilitate the successful translation of OVs into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne L. Jenner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Munisha Smalley
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - William F. Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles S. Cobbs
- Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ralph B. Puchalski
- Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Macklin
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Goldman
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Kast RE, Alfieri A, Assi HI, Burns TC, Elyamany AM, Gonzalez-Cao M, Karpel-Massler G, Marosi C, Salacz ME, Sardi I, Van Vlierberghe P, Zaghloul MS, Halatsch ME. MDACT: A New Principle of Adjunctive Cancer Treatment Using Combinations of Multiple Repurposed Drugs, with an Example Regimen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2563. [PMID: 35626167 PMCID: PMC9140192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In part one of this two-part paper, we present eight principles that we believe must be considered for more effective treatment of the currently incurable cancers. These are addressed by multidrug adjunctive cancer treatment (MDACT), which uses multiple repurposed non-oncology drugs, not primarily to kill malignant cells, but rather to reduce the malignant cells' growth drives. Previous multidrug regimens have used MDACT principles, e.g., the CUSP9v3 glioblastoma treatment. MDACT is an amalgam of (1) the principle that to be effective in stopping a chain of events leading to an undesired outcome, one must break more than one link; (2) the principle of Palmer et al. of achieving fractional cancer cell killing via multiple drugs with independent mechanisms of action; (3) the principle of shaping versus decisive operations, both being required for successful cancer treatment; (4) an idea adapted from Chow et al., of using multiple cytotoxic medicines at low doses; (5) the idea behind CUSP9v3, using many non-oncology CNS-penetrant drugs from general medical practice, repurposed to block tumor survival paths; (6) the concept from chess that every move creates weaknesses and strengths; (7) the principle of mass-by adding force to a given effort, the chances of achieving the goal increase; and (8) the principle of blocking parallel signaling pathways. Part two gives an example MDACT regimen, gMDACT, which uses six repurposed drugs-celecoxib, dapsone, disulfiram, itraconazole, pyrimethamine, and telmisartan-to interfere with growth-driving elements common to cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. gMDACT is another example of-not a replacement for-previous multidrug regimens already in clinical use, such as CUSP9v3. MDACT regimens are designed as adjuvants to be used with cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Alfieri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1100, Lebanon;
| | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Ashraf M. Elyamany
- Oncology Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, SECI Assiut University Egypt/King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Christine Marosi
- Clinical Division of Medical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael E. Salacz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mohamed S. Zaghloul
- Children’s Cancer Hospital & National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.-E.H.)
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Alamilla-Presuel JC, Burgos-Molina AM, González-Vidal A, Sendra-Portero F, Ruiz-Gómez MJ. Factors and molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance in cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1301-1315. [PMID: 35225732 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to review the published studies on radiation resistance mechanisms and molecular markers involved in different tumors. The revision has been focused in the last 5 years (2016-2021). CONCLUSIONS Radioresistance is a cause of concern as it causes failure of radiation therapy and subsequent tumor relapse. Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy are clinically successful in treating many types of tumors. Despite continued improvements in cancer treatment, locoregional recurrence or metastatic spread continues to occur in a high proportion of patients after being treated with radiation therapy or combination treatments. There is strong evidence that cancer stem cells contribute to radiation resistance, contributing to treatment failure. The mechanisms of radiation resistance in different tumors are not fully understood. A better understanding of cancer stem cells and the associated signaling pathways that regulate radiation resistance will open up new strategies for treating cancer by radiation therapy. Radiation can damage malignant cells mainly by the induction of DNA double strand breaks. However, in some tumors appear resistant cells that repopulate the tumor following therapy leading over time to the failure of the treatment. Native mechanisms and induced pathways, are the cause of radiation resistance. It has been described that numerous molecular markers acting through numerous mechanisms of action involved in radiation resistance, such as apoptosis resistance, alterations of cell growth, proliferation and DNA repair, hypoxia, increase in invasiveness and migration capacity, cell cycle alterations and expression of heat shock proteins, among others. Therefore, resistance to radiation is a multifactorial phenomenon that, in different cell types, it occurs through different regulatory mechanisms in which different molecules intervene. Resistance can be acquired by altering different regulatory pathways in different tumors. The knowledge of radiation resistance markers could help in the classification and treatment of patients with more aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Alamilla-Presuel
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Antonio M Burgos-Molina
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Alejandro González-Vidal
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Francisco Sendra-Portero
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Miguel J Ruiz-Gómez
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
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Di Ruscio V, Carai A, Del Baldo G, Vinci M, Cacchione A, Miele E, Rossi S, Antonelli M, Barresi S, Caulo M, Colafati GS, Mastronuzzi A. Molecular Landscape in Infant High-Grade Gliomas: A Single Center Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020372. [PMID: 35204463 PMCID: PMC8871476 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) represent about 15% of all pediatric brain tumors, with a dismal prognosis and survival rates ranging from 15 to 35%. Approximately 10–12% of pediatric HGGs (pHGG) occur in children younger than five years of age at diagnosis, specifically infants (iHGG), with an unexpected overall survival rate (OS) in 60–70% of cases. In the literature, iHGGs include a large variety of heterogeneous lesions with different molecular profiles that likely explain their different outcomes. We report our single-institution experience of iHGG including 11 children under five years of age with newly diagnosed HGG between 2011 and 2021. All patients received surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy; only two patients received radiotherapy because their age at diagnosis was more than four years-old. Molecular investigations, including next generation sequencing (NGS) and DNA methylation, detected three NTRK-fusions, one ROS1-fusions, one MN1-rearrangement, and two PATZ1-fusions. According to the molecular results, when chemotherapy failed to control the disease, two patients benefited from target therapy with a NTRK-Inhibitor larotrectinib, achieving a complete remission and a very good partial response, respectively, and no severe side-effects. In conclusion, molecular investigations play a fundamental role in the diagnostic work-up and also in the therapeutic decision. Their routine use in clinical practice could help to replace highly toxic chemotherapy regimens with a target therapy that has moderate adverse effects, even in long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Ruscio
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Reasearch, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.D.R.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Reasearch, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.D.R.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Reasearch, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.D.R.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Reasearch, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.D.R.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Reasearch, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.D.R.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Stefania Colafati
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging Oncological Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Reasearch, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.D.R.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (A.M.)
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Luciani M, Garsia C, Mangiameli E, Meneghini V, Gritti A. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of human iPSC-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSCs) into neonatal mice. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 171:127-147. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Politko MO, Tsidulko AY, Pashkovskaya OA, Kuper KE, Suhovskih AV, Kazanskaya GM, Klyushova LS, Sokolov DK, Volkov AM, Kliver EE, Zheravin AA, Aidagulova SV, Grigorieva EV. Multiple Irradiation Affects Cellular and Extracellular Components of the Mouse Brain Tissue and Adhesion and Proliferation of Glioblastoma Cells in Experimental System In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13350. [PMID: 34948147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is a standard treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients; however, its effect on the normal brain tissue remains unclear. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of multiple irradiation on the cellular and extracellular glycosylated components of normal brain tissue and their functional significance. Triple irradiation (7 Gy*3 days) of C57Bl/6 mouse brain inhibited the viability, proliferation and biosynthetic activity of normal glial cells, resulting in a fast brain-zone-dependent deregulation of the expression of proteoglycans (PGs) (decorin, biglycan, versican, brevican and CD44). Complex time-point-specific (24–72 h) changes in decorin and brevican protein and chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) content suggested deterioration of the PGs glycosylation in irradiated brain tissue, while the transcriptional activity of HS-biosynthetic system remained unchanged. The primary glial cultures and organotypic slices from triple-irradiated brain tissue were more susceptible to GBM U87 cells’ adhesion and proliferation in co-culture systems in vitro and ex vivo. In summary, multiple irradiation affects glycosylated components of normal brain extracellular matrix (ECM) through inhibition of the functional activity of normal glial cells. The changed content and pattern of PGs and GAGs in irradiated brain tissues are accompanied by the increased adhesion and proliferation of GBM cells, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism of negative side-effects of anti-GBM radiotherapy.
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Li W, Cui Y, Ma W, Wang M, Cai Y, Jiang Y. LncRNA RBPMS-AS1 promotes NRGN transcription to enhance the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma through the microRNA-301a-3p/CAMTA1 axis. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101282. [PMID: 34800915 PMCID: PMC8605343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 are lowly expressed in GBM patients. RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 enhance the radiosensitivity of GBM. miR-301a-3p diminishes the radiosensitivity of GBM. RBPMS-AS1 enhances CAMTA1 expression in GBM cells through sponging miR-301a-3p. CAMTA1 promotes NRGN transcription.
Objective Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent brain malignancy with high incidence, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exerts functions in GBM. In this research, we focused on the capabilities of lncRNA RBPMS-AS1 in radiosensitivity of GBM. Methods RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 expression levels were determined in GBM tissues and cells. StarBase v3.0 database was searched for predicting miRNAs that simultaneously bound to RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1. pcDNA3.1-RBPMS-AS1, pcDNA3.1-CAMTA1, miR-301a-3p mimic, or pcDNA3.1-RBPMS-AS1/pcDNA3.1-CAMTA1 and miR-301a-3p mimic were transfected into GBM cells to test radiosensitivity, cell proliferation and apoptosis. The interactions of miR-301a-3p with RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1, as well as CAMTA1 and NRGN, were confirmed. In vivo imaging technology was utilized to detect tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft tumors, and Ki67 expression was tested in intracranial tumors. Results RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 levels were reduced in GBM tissues and cells. miR-301a-3p had a binding site with both RBPMS-AS1 and CAMTA1 and it was the most significantly-upregulated one. Upregulation of RBPMS-AS1 or CAMTA1 enhanced the radiosensitivity and cell apoptosis while suppressing proliferation of GBM cells. Conversely, miR-301a-3p overexpression diminished the radiosensitivity and cell apoptosis while inducing proliferation of GBM cells. Overexpression of RBPMS-AS1 or CAMTA1 reversed the effects of overexpressed miR-301a-3p in GBM cells. Mechanistically, RBPMS-AS1 enhanced CAMTA1 expression in GBM cells through sponging miR-301a-3p, and CAMTA1 promoted NRGN expression. In animal experiments, overexpressed RBPMS-AS1 inhibited tumor growth and the positive expression of Ki67 both before and after radiation therapy. Conclusion RBPMS-AS1 promotes NRGN transcription through the miR-301a-3p/CAMTA1 axis and enhances the radiosensitivity of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Wenjia Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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Müller N, Eugenio M, Romão LF, Marcondes de Souza J, Alves-Leon SV, Campanati L, Sant'Anna C. Assessing the antiproliferative effect of biogenic silver chloride nanoparticles on glioblastoma cell lines by quantitative image-based analysis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:558-564. [PMID: 34694742 PMCID: PMC8675776 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most life‐threatening tumour of the central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first‐choice oral drug for the treatment of glioblastoma, although it shows low efficacy. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to exhibit biocidal activity in a variety of microorganisms, including some pathogenic microorganisms. Herein, the antiproliferative effect of AgCl‐NPs on glioblastoma cell lines (GBM02 and GBM11) and on astrocytes was evaluated through automated quantitative image‐based analysis (HCA) of the cells. The cells were treated with 0.1‐5.0 μg/ml AgCl‐NPs or with 9.7‐48.5 μg/ml TMZ. Cells that received combined treatment were also analysed. At a maximum tested concentration of AgCl‐NPs, GBM02 and GBM11, the growth decreased by 93% and 40%, respectively, following 72 h of treatment. TMZ treatment decreased the proliferation of GBM02 and GBM11 cells by 58% and 34%, respectively. Combinations of AgCl‐NPs and TMZ showed intermediate antiproliferative effects; the lowest concentrations caused an inhibition similar to that obtained with TMZ, and the highest concentrations caused inhibition similar to that obtained with AgCl‐NPs alone. No significant changes in astrocyte proliferation were observed. The authors’ findings showed that HCA is a fast and reliable approach that can be used to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of the nanoparticles at the single‐cell level and that AgCl‐NPs are promising agents for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Müller
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Life Science - Lamav, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mateus Eugenio
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Life Science - Lamav, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana F Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular Morphogenesis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Marcondes de Souza
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Soniza V Alves-Leon
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Loraine Campanati
- Laboratory of Cellular Morphogenesis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Life Science - Lamav, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Tang X, Zuo C, Fang P, Liu G, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Tang R. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Review on Biomarkers, Signal Pathways and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701291. [PMID: 34307170 PMCID: PMC8297686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, even after treatment with multiple therapies, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although great advances in medical development and improvements in therapeutic methods of GBM have led to a certain extension of the median survival time of patients, prognosis remains poor. The primary cause of its dismal outcomes is the high rate of tumor recurrence, which is closely related to its resistance to standard therapies. During the last decade, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been successfully isolated from GBM, and it has been demonstrated that these cells are likely to play an indispensable role in the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of GBM tumors, indicating that GSCs are a crucial target for treatment. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding GSCs, their related signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, crosstalk linking mechanisms, and microenvironment or niche. Subsequently, we present a framework of targeted therapy for GSCs based on direct strategies, including blockade of the pathways necessary to overcome resistance or prevent their function, promotion of GSC differentiation, virotherapy, and indirect strategies, including targeting the perivascular, hypoxic, and immune niches of the GSCs. In summary, targeting GSCs provides a tremendous opportunity for revolutionary approaches to improve the prognosis and therapy of GBM, despite a variety of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Awan H, Balasubramaniam S, Odysseos A. A Voxel Model to Decipher the Role of Molecular Communication in the Growth of Glioblastoma Multiforme. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 20:296-310. [PMID: 33830926 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3071922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the most malignant human tumour, can be defined by the evolution of growing bio-nanomachine networks within an interplay between self-renewal (Grow) and invasion (Go) potential of mutually exclusive phenotypes of transmitter and receiver cells. Herein, we present a mathematical model for the growth of GBM tumour driven by molecule-mediated inter-cellular communication between two populations of evolutionary bio-nanomachines representing the Glioma Stem Cells (GSCs) and Glioma Cells (GCs). The contribution of each subpopulation to tumour growth is quantified by a voxel model representing the end to end inter-cellular communication models for GSCs and progressively evolving invasiveness levels of glioma cells within a network of diverse cell configurations. Mutual information, information propagation speed and the impact of cell numbers and phenotypes on the communication output and GBM growth are studied by using analysis from information theory. The numerical simulations show that the progression of GBM is directly related to higher mutual information and higher input information flow of molecules between the GSCs and GCs, resulting in an increased tumour growth rate. These fundamental findings contribute to deciphering the mechanisms of tumour growth and are expected to provide new knowledge towards the development of future bio-nanomachine-based therapeutic approaches for GBM.
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Zheng W, Chen Q, Liu H, Hu S, Zhou Y, Bai Y, Zhang J, Pan Y, Shao C. CD81 Enhances Radioresistance of Glioblastoma by Promoting Nuclear Translocation of Rad51. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13091998. [PMID: 33919192 PMCID: PMC8122253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13091998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CD81 is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) as a transmembrane protein. The functional study demonstrated that CD81 contributed to radioresistance of GBM. Further evidence showed that CD81 expression was closely related to DNA damage response and homologous recombination repair (HRR) was responsible for the CD81 mediated radioresistance. Particularly, nuclear membrane protein CD81 assisted the nuclear transport of Rad51, a key protein involved in HRR process after irradiation. Overall, CD81 may be utility as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target of radioresistant GBM. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary tumor in central nervous system in adult with a 5-year survival rate of ≤5%. Despite of recent advances in tumor radiotherapy, the prognosis of GBM remains to be dismal due to radioresistance. In this study, we identified CD81 as a potential biomarker of GBM radioresistance with the analysis of upregulated genes in human glioma radioresistant cell lines U251R and T98G in comparison with U251 cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that suppressing CD81 by siRNA/shRNA enhanced radiation-induced cell killing and DNA damage of γ-H2AX formation, and delayed tumor xenograft growth of GBM. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of CD81 significantly decreased radiation-induced expression of nuclear Rad51, a key protein involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) of DNA, suggesting that CD81 is essential for DNA damage response. Meanwhile, when the cells were treated with B02, a Rad51 inhibitor, silencing CD81 would not sensitize GBM cells to radiation, which further illustrates that Rad51 acts as an effector protein of CD81 in tumor radioresistance. Dual immunofluorescence staining of CD81 and Rad51 illustrated that nuclear membrane CD81 contributed to the nuclear transport of Rad51 after irradiation. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that CD81 not only played a vital role in DNA repair through regulating Rad51 nuclear transport, but also might serve as a potential target of GBM radiotherapy.
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Riedel A, Klumpp L, Menegakis A, De-Colle C, Huber SM, Schittenhelm J, Neumann M, Noell S, Tatagiba M, Zips D. γH2AX foci assay in glioblastoma: Surgical specimen versus corresponding stem cell culture. Radiother Oncol 2021; 159:119-125. [PMID: 33775712 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess radiation response using γH2AX assay in surgical specimens from glioblastoma (GB) patients and their corresponding primary gliosphere culture. To test the hypothesis that gliospheres (stem cell enriched) are more resistant than specimens (bulky cell dominated) but that the interpatient heterogeneity is similar. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten pairs of specimens and corresponding gliospheres derived from patients with IDH-wildtype GB were studied. Specimens and gliospheres were irradiated with graded doses and after 24 h the number of residual γH2AX foci was counted. RESULTS Gliospheres showed a higher Nestin expression than specimens and exhibited two different phenotypes: free floating (n = 7) and attached (n = 3). Slope analysis revealed an interpatient heterogeneity with values between 0.15 and 1.30 residual γH2AX foci/Gy. Free-floating spheres were more resistant than their parental specimens (median slope 0.13 foci/Gy versus 0.53) as well as than the attached spheres (2.14). The slopes of free floating spheres did not correlate with their corresponding specimens while a trend for a positive correlation was found for the attached spheres and the respective specimens. Association with MGMT did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Consistent with the clinical phenotype and our previous experiments, GB specimens show low radiation sensitivity. Stem-cell enriched free-floating gliospheres were more resistant than specimens supporting the concept of radioresistance in stem cell-like cells. The lack of correlation between specimens and their respective gliosphere cultures needs validation and may have a profound impact on future translational studies using γH2AX as a potential biomarker for personalized radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Riedel
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara De-Colle
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Division of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Division of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susan Noell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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施 林, 李 宏, 辜 俊, 宋 憧, 李 俊, 陈 磊, 周 强, 漆 松, 陆 云. [Establishment of a mouse model bearing orthotopic temozolomide-resistant glioma]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:69-74. [PMID: 33509755 PMCID: PMC7867486 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a mouse model bearing orthotopic temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant glioma that mimics the development of drug resistance in gliomas in vivo. METHODS Seventy-eight adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=13), including 3 TMZ induced groups with low, medium and high doses (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, respectively) and 3 control groups. In each group, 5 mice were used for evaluating tumor size, 5 for observing survival, and 3 for collecting tumor tissues for primary cell culture. In low-dose TMZ induced group, 3 mice bearing orthotopic murine glioma GL261 cell xenografts received intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg TMZ for 5 days followed by a 10-day washout period before collecting glioma tissues. Tumor cell suspensions were prepared and injected in the mice in the medium-dose group, which were treated with the same protocol but with an increased TMZ dose, and the tumor cells harvested from 3 mice were injected in the high-dose group. The mice bearing GL261 cell xenografts in the 3 control groups received no treatment or were injected with medium- or high-dose TMZ. Cell colony forming assay was used to assess TMZ resistance of each generation of the tumor cells; CCK8 assay was used to determine drug resistance index of the cells. RESULTS The mouse models bearing TMZresistant glioma was successfully established. The cells from the high-dose induced group showed a significantly higher colony-forming rate than those from the high-dose control group (P < 0.05), and had a drug resistance 4.25 times higher than that of the cells from untreated control group. High-dose TMZ significantly reduced the tumor volume in the control group (P < 0.05) but not in the high-dose induced group (P < 0.01). The survival time of the tumor-bearing mice was significantly shortened in the high-dose induced group (P=0.0018). CONCLUSIONS Progressive increase of TMZ doses in mice bearing orthotopic gliomas can effectively induce TMZ resistance of the gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- 林勇 施
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 宏 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 俊伟 辜
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 憧 宋
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 俊杰 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 磊 陈
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 强 周
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 松涛 漆
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 云涛 陆
- />南方医科大学南方医院神经外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Neurosurgery, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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20
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis-despite aggressive primary treatment composed of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, median survival is still around 15 months. It starts to grow again after a year of treatment and eventually nothing is effective at this stage. Recurrent GBM is one of the most disappointing fields for researchers in which their efforts have gained no benefit for patients. They were directed for a long time towards understanding the molecular basis that leads to the development of GBM. It is now known that GBM is a heterogeneous disease and resistance comes mainly from the regrowth of malignant cells after eradicating specific clones by targeted treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor are known to be highly active in primary and recurrent GBM through different underlying pathways, despite this bevacizumab is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for recurrent GBM. Immunotherapy is another important promising modality of treatment of GBM, after proper understanding of the microenvironment of the tumour and overcoming the reasons that historically stigmatise GBM as an 'immunologically cold tumour'. Radiotherapy can augment the effect of immunotherapy by different mechanisms. Also, dual immunotherapy which targets immune pathways at different stages and through different receptors further enhances immune stimulation against GBM. Delivery of pro-drugs to be activated at the tumour site and suicidal genes by gene therapy using different vectors shows promising results. Despite using neurotropic viral vectors specifically targeting glial cells (which are the cells of origin of GBM), no significant improvement of overall-survival has been seen as yet. Non-viral vectors 'polymeric and non-polymeric' show significant tumour shrinkage in pre-clinical trials and now at early-stage clinical trials. To this end, in this review, we aim to study the possible role of different molecular pathways that are involved in GBM's recurrence, we will also review the most relevant and recent clinical experience with targeted treatments and immunotherapies. We will discuss trials utilised tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy and gene therapy in recurrent GBM pointing to the causes of potential disappointing preliminary results of some of them. Additionally, we are suggesting a possible future treatment based on recent successful clinical data that could alter the outcome for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M El-Khayat
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Waleed O Arafat
- Alexandria Clinical Oncology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
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21
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Ferreira WAS, Amorim CKN, Burbano RR, Villacis RAR, Marchi FA, Medina TS, Lima MMCD, Oliveira EHCD. Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of the human glioblastoma cell line AHOL1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e9571. [PMID: 33470396 PMCID: PMC7812907 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are widely used as in vitro models of tumorigenesis, facilitating fundamental discoveries in cancer biology and translational medicine. Currently, there are few options for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment and limited in vitro models with accurate genomic and transcriptomic characterization. Here, a detailed characterization of a new GBM cell line, namely AHOL1, was conducted in order to fully characterize its molecular composition based on its karyotype, copy number alteration (CNA), and transcriptome profiling, followed by the validation of key elements associated with GBM tumorigenesis. Large numbers of CNAs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. CNAs were distributed throughout the genome, including gains at Xq11.1-q28, Xp22.33-p11.1, Xq21.1-q21.33, 4p15.1-p14, 8q23.2-q23.3 and losses at Yq11.21-q12, Yp11.31-p11.2, and 15q11.1-q11.2 positions. Nine druggable genes were identified, including HCRTR2, ETV1, PTPRD, PRKX, STS, RPS6KA6, ZFY, USP9Y, and KDM5D. By integrating DEGs and CNAs, we identified 57 overlapping genes enriched in fourteen pathways. Altered expression of several cancer-related candidates found in the DEGs-CNA dataset was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Taken together, this first comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic landscape of AHOL1 provides unique resources for further studies and identifies several druggable targets that may be useful for therapeutics and biologic and molecular investigation of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - C K N Amorim
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - R R Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - R A R Villacis
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - F A Marchi
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T S Medina
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M M C de Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - E H C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.,Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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22
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of single-stranded RNA molecules forming a covalently closed, continuous structure, lacking 5'-3' polarity and polyadenylated tails. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that these molecules are abundant, resistant to degradation and often expressed in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific manner. circRNAs are produced by back-splicing circularization of primary transcripts and exhibit a variety of functions, including regulation of transcription, translation and cellular localization. This review focuses on differentially expressed circRNAs conferring therapy resistance or sensitivity of solid tumors, such as carcinomas, sarcomas and lymphomas. Deregulated circRNAs can participate in the development of resistance to treatment by modulating regulatory pathways and cellular processes, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papatsirou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Pinelopi I Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
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23
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Wu X, Geng F, Cheng X, Guo Q, Zhong Y, Cloughesy TF, Yong WH, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Lipid Droplets Maintain Energy Homeostasis and Glioblastoma Growth via Autophagic Release of Stored Fatty Acids. iScience 2020; 23:101569. [PMID: 33083736 PMCID: PMC7549116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, lipid metabolism reprogramming has been further evidenced in malignancies via the observation of large amounts of lipid droplets (LDs) in human tumors, including in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor. However, the role played by LDs in tumor cells remains unknown. Here, we show that triglycerides (TG), the major components of LDs, serve as a critical energy reservoir to support GBM cell survival. TG/LDs rapidly diminished in GBM cells upon glucose reduction, whereas inhibiting fatty acid oxidation or autophagy resulted in the accumulation of TG/LDs and strongly potentiated GBM cell death. Immunofluorescence imaging and time-lapse videos showed that LDs are hydrolyzed by autophagy to release free fatty acids that mobilize into mitochondria for energy production. Our study demonstrates that autophagy-mediated hydrolysis of TG/LDs maintains energy homeostasis and GBM survival upon glucose reduction, suggesting that limiting TG/LDs utilization might be necessary upon treating GBM. TG/LDs function as energy reservoir for GBM tumors TG/LDs are hydrolyzed by autophagy to maintain GBM survival when glucose levels decrease TG/LD hydrolysis releases fatty acids that enter into mitochondria for energy production Inhibiting autophagy causes TG/LD accumulation and GBM cell death
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology (Neuro-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Dekker LJM, Kannegieter NM, Haerkens F, Toth E, Kros JM, Steenhoff Hov DA, Fillebeen J, Verschuren L, Leenstra S, Ressa A, Luider TM. Multiomics profiling of paired primary and recurrent glioblastoma patient tissues. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa083. [PMID: 32793885 PMCID: PMC7415260 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite maximal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a median survival of only 15 months. Almost all patients inevitably experience symptomatic tumor recurrence. A hallmark of this tumor type is the large heterogeneity between patients and within tumors itself which relates to the failure of standardized tumor treatment. In this study, tissue samples of paired primary and recurrent GBM tumors were investigated to identify individual factors related to tumor progression. Methods Paired primary and recurrent GBM tumor tissues from 8 patients were investigated with a multiomics approach using transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics. Results In the studied patient cohort, large variations between and within patients are observed for all omics analyses. A few pathways affected at the different omics levels partly overlapped if patients are analyzed at the individual level, such as synaptogenesis (containing the SNARE complex) and cholesterol metabolism. Phosphoproteomics revealed increased STMN1(S38) phosphorylation as part of ERBB4 signaling. A pathway tool has been developed to visualize and compare different omics datasets per patient and showed potential therapeutic drugs, such as abobotulinumtoxinA (synaptogenesis) and afatinib (ERBB4 signaling). Afatinib is currently in clinical trials for GBM. Conclusions A large variation on all omics levels exists between and within GBM patients. Therefore, it will be rather unlikely to find a drug treatment that would fit all patients. Instead, a multiomics approach offers the potential to identify affected pathways on the individual patient level and select treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard J M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Emma Toth
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Gao X, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang L, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Dong H, Zhang H, Gao C, Zhang B, Feng B, Mao W. Inhibition of mitochondria NADH-Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) sensitizes the radioresistant glioma U87MG cells to radiation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110460. [PMID: 32768950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a current standard treatment of glioma. The fractionated radiotherapy with low dose of radiation over weeks has been employed in glioma patients, while radiotherapy can only offer palliation due to the radioresistance. We cumulatively radiated a glioblastoma cell line, U87MG, and screened radioresistant glioma cells. A transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the transcription differences between the raidoresistant and control cells, which showed the mitochondria NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) subunits were up-regulated in the radioresistant cells. The copy numbers of mitochondria were increased in the radioresistant glioma cells. After using mitochondria Complex I inhibitors, rotenone and metformin, to treat glioma cells, we found the resistant glioma cells re-sensitized to radiation. These results demonstrate that Complex I is associated with the fractioned radiation-induced radioresistance of glioma and would be a potent target for clinical radiotherapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Caifeng Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Eight-year Clinical Medicine Education Program, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Feng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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26
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Yuan J, Peng G, Xiao G, Yang Z, Huang J, Liu Q, Yang Z, Liu D. Xanthohumol suppresses glioblastoma via modulation of Hexokinase 2 -mediated glycolysis. J Cancer 2020; 11:4047-4058. [PMID: 32368287 PMCID: PMC7196271 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of aerobic glycolysis is a common phenomenon in human cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we demonstrated that the natural compound xanthohumol has a profound anti-tumor effect on GBM via direct inhibition of glycolysis. Xanthohumol suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation of GBM cells, and significantly impaired glucose metabolism via inhibiting Hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression. We demonstrated that down-regulation of c-Myc was required for xanthohumol-induced decrease of HK2. Xanthohumol destabilization of c-Myc, and promoted FBW7-mediated ubiquitination of c-Myc. Xanthohumol attenuated Akt activity and inhibited the activation of GSK3β, resulted in c-Myc degradation. Overexpression of Myr-Akt1 significantly rescued xanthohumol-mediated c-Myc inhibition and glycolysis suppression. Finally, the xanthohumol-mediated down-regulation of the PI3-K/Akt-GSK3beta-FBW7 signaling axis promoted the destabilization of c-Myc. Finally, the animal results demonstrated that xanthohumol substantially inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, xanthohumol appears to be a promising new anti-tumor agent with the therapeutic potential for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuanyi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-oncology at Hunan, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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27
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Dong H, Wang Q, Li N, Lv J, Ge L, Yang M, Zhang G, An Y, Wang F, Xie L, Li Y, Zhu W, Zhang H, Zhang M, Guo X. OSgbm: An Online Consensus Survival Analysis Web Server for Glioblastoma. Front Genet 2020; 10:1378. [PMID: 32153627 PMCID: PMC7046682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system. GBM causes poor clinical outcome and high mortality rate, mainly due to the lack of effective targeted therapy and prognostic biomarkers. Here, we developed a user-friendly Online Survival analysis web server for GlioBlastoMa, abbreviated OSgbm, to assess the prognostic value of candidate genes. Currently, OSgbm contains 684 samples with transcriptome profiles and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). The survival analysis results can be graphically presented by Kaplan-Meier (KM) plot with Hazard ratio (HR) and log-rank p value. As demonstration, the prognostic value of 51 previously reported survival associated biomarkers, such as PROM1 (HR = 2.4120, p = 0.0071) and CXCR4 (HR = 1.5578, p < 0.001), were confirmed in OSgbm. In summary, OSgbm allows users to evaluate and develop prognostic biomarkers of GBM. The web server of OSgbm is available at http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/GBM/GBMList.jsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Dong
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linna Ge
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengsi Yang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guosen Zhang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Predictive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Ang SYL, Lee L, See AAQ, Ang TY, Ang BT, King NKK. Incidence of biomarkers in high-grade gliomas and their impact on survival in a diverse SouthEast Asian cohort - a population-based study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:79. [PMID: 32005184 PMCID: PMC6993394 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas consist of a heterogeneous group of tumors. This study aimed to report the incidences of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, 1p19q co-deletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations, and inactivating mutations of alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) in high-grade gliomas in an ethnically diverse population. METHODS Records of patients who underwent surgery for high-grade gliomas from January 2013 to March 2017 at our institution were obtained. The patients' age, gender, ethnicity, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), tumor location and biomarkers status were recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank test. RESULTS 181 patients were selected (56 with grade III gliomas, 125 with grade IV gliomas). In the grade III group, 55% had MGMT promoter methylation, 41% had 1p19q co-deletion, 35% had IDH1 mutation and none had ATRX loss. In the grade IV group, 30% had MGMT promoter methylation, 2% had 1p19q co-deletion, 15% had IDH1 mutation and 8% had ATRX loss. After adjusting for effects of age, surgery and pre-operative ADL statuses, only MGMT promoter methylation was found to be significantly associated with longer overall survival time in grade III (p = 0.024) and IV patients (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The incidences of MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1 mutation were found to be comparable to globally reported rates, but those of 1p19q co-deletion and ATRX loss seemed to be lower in our cohort. MGMT promoter methylation was associated with increased overall survival in our cohort and might serve as favorable prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ya Lyn Ang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Lester Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Angela An Qi See
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Ting Yao Ang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Beng Ti Ang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Kon Kam King
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Tea MN, Poonnoose SI, Pitson SM. Targeting the Sphingolipid System as a Therapeutic Direction for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010111. [PMID: 31906280 PMCID: PMC7017054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor and largely unchanged over the last 30 years, due to the limitations of existing therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are desperately required. Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the brain, forming the structural components of cell membranes, and are major lipid constituents of the myelin sheaths of nerve axons, as well as playing critical roles in cell signaling. Indeed, a number of sphingolipids elicit a variety of cellular responses involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we discuss the role of sphingolipids in the pathobiology of GBM, and how targeting sphingolipid metabolism has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda N. Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Santosh I. Poonnoose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-7832; Fax: +61-8-8302-9246
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Riganti C, Contino M. New Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Chemotherapy and Immune System in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194783. [PMID: 31561494 PMCID: PMC6801696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, Oncological Pharmacology Lab, University of Torino via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Silantyev AS, Falzone L, Libra M, Gurina OI, Kardashova KS, Nikolouzakis TK, Nosyrev AE, Sutton CW, Mitsias PD, Tsatsakis A. Current and Future Trends on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma: From Molecular Biology to Proteomics. Cells 2019; 8:E863. [PMID: 31405017 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Due to the absence of effective pharmacological and surgical treatments, the identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is of key importance to improve the survival rate of patients and to develop new personalized treatments. On these bases, the aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the application of molecular biology and proteomics techniques for the identification of novel biomarkers through the analysis of different biological samples obtained from glioblastoma patients, including DNA, microRNAs, proteins, small molecules, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, etc. Both benefits and pitfalls of molecular biology and proteomics analyses are discussed, including the different mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques, highlighting how these investigation strategies are powerful tools to study the biology of glioblastoma, as well as to develop advanced methods for the management of this pathology.
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Glavatskyi O, Vasileva I, Galanta O, Khmelnytskyi H, Shuba I, Kardash K, Zemskova O. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS IN PROGNOSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT INTRACEREBRAL BRAIN TUMORS. EUREKA: Health Sciences 2019; 4:25-34. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2019.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral malignant brain tumors remain one of the most complex problems of neuro-oncology. Today, promising results of the use of targeted drugs have been received, which determine the important diagnostic and predictive value of molecular genetic markers of glial and metastatic brain tumors.
Aim: The study of the prevalence of MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) gene expression by real time polymerase chain reaction in tumor tissue of gliomas and brain metastases.
Materials and methods: From thirty patients were received tumor material (29 cases of glioma III-IV degree of anaplasia and one case of metastatic brain lesion of adenocarcinoma). The normalized expression of MGMT and PTEN genes was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: In all 30 (100 %) patients with tumor fragments, we determined normalized expression of MGMT and PTEN genes. In most cases, 53 % of the observations (16 out of 30 patients) showed a low normalized expression of MGMT gene (<40 c. u.) and a low normalized PTEN expression rate of 73 % (22 out of 30 patients) (<40 c. u.). The average expression level of the MGMT gene in the range from 40 to 100 c. u. (6/20 % of patients) was considered prognostic favourable for the response to temozolomide chemotherapy.
Conclusions: The study of MGMT gene expression, a chemotherapy marker for temozolomide, indicates a trend toward correlation between expression levels and therapeutic efficacy. The study of the expression of the PTEN gene, the blocker of the PI3K / AKT signal pathway, indicates a different degree of expression of this enzyme in the tumour samples studied. The predictive value of the indicator for target therapy is appropriate in comparison with the EGFR mutation. Further profound analysis of the results is required with increasing number of sampling and observation period.
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Zhang Y, Sui R, Chen Y, Liang H, Shi J, Piao H. Downregulation of miR-485-3p promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration via targeting RNF135. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:475-482. [PMID: 31258684 PMCID: PMC6566029 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that serve pivotal roles in human diseases. Several miRNAs, such as miR-485-3p, have been identified as potential biomarkers for predicting overall survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, the underlying mechanism of miRNAs in promoting GBM progression remains unknown. In the present study, decreased miR-485-3p expression was detected in tumor tissues from patients with GBM. Using western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay, ring finger protein 135 (RNF135) was confirmed as a target gene of miR-485-3p in GBM cells. Through silencing of RNF135, miR-485-3p inactivated the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK1/2 pathway in GBM cells. Moreover, functional assays demonstrated that miR-485-3p inhibited GBM cell proliferation and migration whilst overexpression of RNF135 reversed this effect. Additionally, a negative correlation between miR-485-3p and RNF135 mRNA expression was observed in tissues from patients with glioblastoma. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that miR-485-3p functioned as a tumor suppressor which suggested that miR-485-3p might have a role in GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Ji Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Mishra S, Verma SS, Rai V, Awasthee N, Arya JS, Maiti KK, Gupta SC. Curcuma raktakanda Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040159. [PMID: 31018580 PMCID: PMC6523773 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although over 100 species of Curcuma are reported, only Curcuma longa is extensively studied. Curcuma raktakanda, a poorly studied species, is most commonly distributed in the Kerala state of India. For the first time, we examined the efficacy of different fractions (acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate) of C. raktakanda against glioma, cervical, and breast cancer cell lines. As determined by mitochondrial reductase activity assay, the viability of cancer cells was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the three fractions. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values after the treatment of C-6 glioma cells for 48 h was found to be 32.97 µg/mL (acetone extract), 40.63 µg/mL (hexane extract), and 51.65 µg/mL (ethyl acetate extract). Of the three fractions, the acetone fraction was more effective. The long-term colony formation of cancer cells was significantly suppressed by the acetone fraction. Analyses using DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, AO/PI (acridine orange/propidium iodide) staining, DNA laddering, and sub-G1 population revealed that the acetone extract induced apoptosis in glioma cells. The extract induced reactive oxygen species generation and suppressed the expression of cell survival proteins. The migration of cancer cells was also suppressed by the acetone extract. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that tetracontane, dotriacontane, hexatriacontane, pentacosane, hexacosane, and eicosane are the major components in the acetone extract. Collectively, the extract from C. raktakanda exhibited anti-carcinogenic activities in cancer cells. We are exploring whether the phytoconstituents, individually, or collectively contribute to the anti-cancer activities of C. raktakanda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mishra
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
| | - Vipin Rai
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
| | - Jayadev S Arya
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, Trivandrum-695019, India.
| | - Kaustabh K Maiti
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, Trivandrum-695019, India.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
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White-Gilbertson S, Lu P, Norris JS, Voelkel-Johnson C. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase prevents asymmetric cell division by neosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1225-1235. [PMID: 30988134 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment failure or relapse after initial response to chemotherapy presents significant clinical challenges in cancer patients. Escape from initial courses of treatment can involve reactivation of embryonic developmental stages, with the formation of polynuclear giant cancer cells (PGCCs). This strategy of dedifferentiation can insulate cancer cells from a variety of treatments and allows a residual subpopulation to reestablish tumors after treatment. Using radiation or docetaxel chemotherapy, we generated PGCCs from prostate cancer cells. Here, we show that expression of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), an enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway linked to therapy resistance and poor outcomes, is elevated in PGCCs. Targeting ASAH1 with shRNA or treatment with the ASAH1 inhibitor, LCL-521, did not impair the formation of PGCCs, but prevented the formation of PGCC progeny that arise through an asymmetric cell division called neosis. Similar results were obtained in lung cancer cells that had been exposed to radiation or cisplatin chemotherapy as stressors. In summary, our data suggest that endoreplication occurs independent of ASAH1 while neosis is ASAH1-dependent in both prostate and lung cancer cells. Because ASAH1 knockout is embryonic lethal but not deleterious to adult animals, targeting this enzyme has the potential to be highly specific to cells undergoing the dedifferentiation process to escape cancer treatments. Pharmacological inhibition of ASAH1 is a potentially powerful strategy to eliminate cells that could otherwise serve as seed populations for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - James S Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Dementiev A, Joachimiak A, Nguyen H, Gorelik A, Illes K, Shabani S, Gelsomino M, Ahn EYE, Nagar B, Doan N. Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of Acid Ceramidase by Carmofur. J Med Chem 2018; 62:987-992. [PMID: 30525581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human acid ceramidase (AC) is a lysosomal cysteine amidase, which has received a great deal of interest in recent years as a potential target for the development of new therapeutics against melanoma and glioblastoma tumors. Despite the strong interest in obtaining structural information, only the structures of the apo-AC enzyme in its zymogen and activated conformations are available. In this work, the crystal structure of AC in complex with the covalent carmofur inhibitor is presented. Carmofur is an antineoplastic drug containing an electrophilic carbonyl reactive group that targets the catalytic cysteine. This novel structural data explains the basis of the AC inhibition, provides insights into the enzymatic properties of the protein, and is a great aid toward the structure-based drug design of potent inhibitors for AC, providing the detailed mechanism, which has eluded the scientific community for more than 30 years, of carmofur's mysterious 5-fluorouracil-independent antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Dementiev
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Ha Nguyen
- California Institute of Neuroscience , Thousand Oaks , California 91360 , United States.,National Skull Base Center , Thousand Oaks , California 91360 , United States
| | - Alexei Gorelik
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Saman Shabani
- Department of Neurosurgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , United States
| | - Michael Gelsomino
- Department of Neurosurgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , United States
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 United States
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Ninh Doan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mitchell Cancer Institute , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama 36617 United States
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Nguyen HS, Doan NB, Gelsomino M, Shabani S, Awad AJ, Kaushal M, Mortazavi MM. Management and survival trends for adult patients with malignant gliomas in the setting of multiple primary tumors: a population based analysis. J Neurooncol 2018; 141:213-221. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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