1
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Li XJY, Qu JR, Zhang YH, Liu RP. The dual function of cGAS-STING signaling axis in liver diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1115-1129. [PMID: 38233527 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, have been increasingly prevalent, posing significant threats to global health. In recent decades, there has been increasing evidence linking the dysregulation of cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING)-related immune signaling to liver disorders. Both hyperactivation and deletion of STING can disrupt the immune microenvironment dysfunction, exacerbating liver disorders. Consequently, there has been a surge in research investigating medical agents or mediators targeting cGAS-STING signaling. Interestingly, therapeutic manipulation of the cGAS-STING pathway has yielded inconsistent and even contradictory effects on different liver diseases due to the distinct physiological characteristics of intrahepatic cells that express and respond to STING. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent advancements in understanding the dual roles of the STING pathway, highlighting that the benefits of targeting STING signaling depend on the specific types of target cells and stages of liver injury. Additionally, we offer a novel perspective on the suitability of STING agonists and antagonists for clinical assessment. In conclusion, STING signaling remains a highly promising therapeutic target, and the development of STING pathway modulators holds great potential for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao-Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiao-Rong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin-Hao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Run-Ping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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2
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Li W, Li Y, Zhao J, Liao J, Wen W, Chen Y, Cui H. Release of damaged mitochondrial DNA: A novel factor in stimulating inflammatory response. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155330. [PMID: 38733868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular double-stranded genome that exists independently of the nucleus. In recent years, research on mtDNA has significantly increased, leading to a gradual increase in understanding of its physiological and pathological characteristics. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors can damage mtDNA. This damaged mtDNA can escape from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm or extracellular space, subsequently activating immune signaling pathways, such as NLR family pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP3), and triggering inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of mtDNA damage and leakage in the pathological mechanisms underlying various diseases including infectious diseases, metabolic inflammation, and immune disorders. Consequently, comprehensive investigation of mtDNA can elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying numerous diseases. The prevention of mtDNA damage and leakage has emerged as a novel approach to disease treatment, and mtDNA has emerged as a promising target for drug development. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying mtDNA-induced inflammation, its association with various diseases, and the methods used for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of TCM Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Jiabao Liao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of TCM Encephalopathy, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
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3
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Tokumaru T, Apolinario MEC, Shimizu N, Umeda R, Honda K, Shikano K, Teranishi H, Hikida T, Hanada T, Ohta K, Li Y, Murakami K, Hanada R. Hepatic extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in zebrafish models of alcoholic and metabolic steatotic liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7813. [PMID: 38565862 PMCID: PMC10987586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a burgeoning health problem predominantly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, which causes alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and high caloric intake, which results in metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD). The pathogenesis of ALD and MASLD, which can progress from steatohepatitis to more severe conditions such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, is complicated by several factors. Recently, extracellular ATP and adenosine (Ado), as damage-associated molecular patterns, were reported to promote inflammation and liver fibrosis, contributing to SLD pathogenesis. Here, we explored the in vivo dynamics of hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado during the progression of steatohepatitis using a genetically encoded GPCR-activation-based sensor (GRAB) in zebrafish models. We established hepatocyte-specific GRABATP and GRABAdo in zebrafish and investigated the changes in in vivo hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado levels under ALD or MASLD conditions. Disease-specific changes in hepatocyte extracellular ATP and Ado levels were observed, clearly indicating a correlation between hepatocyte extracellular ATP/Ado dynamics and disease progression. Furthermore, clodronate, a vesicular nucleotide transporter inhibitor, alleviated the MASLD phenotype by reducing the hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado content. These findings provide deep insights into extracellular ATP/Ado dynamics in disease progression, suggesting therapeutic potential for ALD and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tokumaru
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Umeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Koichi Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Teranishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
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4
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Tan S, Lu X, Chen W, Pan B, Kong G, Wei L. Analysis and experimental validation of IL-17 pathway and key genes as central roles associated with inflammation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6423. [PMID: 38494504 PMCID: PMC10944831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) elicits an immune-inflammatory response that may result in hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, ultimately culminating in postoperative hepatic dysfunction and hepatic failure. The precise mechanisms governing the pathophysiology of HIRI remain incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation into key molecules and pathways implicated in disease progression to guide drug discovery and potential therapeutic interventions. Gene microarray data was downloaded from the GEO expression profile database. Integrated bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify HIRI signature genes, which were subsequently validated for expression levels and diagnostic efficacy. Finally, the gene expression was verified in an experimental HIRI model and the effect of anti-IL17A antibody intervention in three time points (including pre-ischemic, post-ischemic, and at 1 h of reperfusion) on HIRI and the expression of these genes was investigated. Bioinformatic analyses of the screened characterized genes revealed that inflammation, immune response, and cell death modulation were significantly associated with HIRI pathophysiology. CCL2, BTG2, GADD45A, FOS, CXCL10, TNFRSF12A, and IL-17 pathway were identified as key components involved in the HIRI. Serum and liver IL-17A expression were significantly upregulated during the initial phase of HIRI. Pretreatment with anti-IL-17A antibody effectively alleviated the damage of liver tissue, suppressed inflammatory factors, and serum transaminase levels, and downregulated the mRNA expression of CCL2, GADD45A, FOS, CXCL10, and TNFRSF12A. Injection of anti-IL17A antibody after ischemia and at 1 h of reperfusion failed to demonstrate anti-inflammatory and attenuating HIRI benefits relative to earlier intervention. Our study reveals that the IL-17 pathway and related genes may be involved in the proinflammatory mechanism of HIRI, which may provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Bingbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Gaoyin Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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5
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Zhou L, Qiu X, Meng Z, Liu T, Chen Z, Zhang P, Kuang H, Pan T, Lu Y, Qi L, Olson DP, Xu XZS, Chen YE, Li S, Lin JD. Hepatic danger signaling triggers TREM2 + macrophage induction and drives steatohepatitis via MS4A7-dependent inflammasome activation. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk1866. [PMID: 38478630 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is an advanced stage of metabolic fatty liver disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of MASH center on hepatocyte injury and the ensuing immune response within the liver microenvironment. Recent work has implicated TREM2+ macrophages in various disease conditions, and substantial induction of TREM2+ NASH-associated macrophages (NAMs) serves as a hallmark of metabolic liver disease. Despite this, the mechanisms through which NAMs contribute to MASH pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify membrane-spanning 4-domains a7 (MS4A7) as a NAM-specific pathogenic factor that exacerbates MASH progression in mice. Hepatic MS4A7 expression was strongly induced in mouse and human MASH and associated with the severity of liver injury. Whole-body and myeloid-specific ablation of Ms4a7 alleviated diet-induced MASH pathologies in male mice. We demonstrate that exposure to lipid droplets (LDs), released upon injury of steatotic hepatocytes, triggered NAM induction and exacerbated MASH-associated liver injury in an MS4A7-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MS4A7 drove NLRP3 inflammasome activation via direct physical interaction and shaped disease-associated cell states within the liver microenvironment. This work reveals the LD-MS4A7-NLRP3 inflammasome axis as a pathogenic driver of MASH progression and provides insights into the role of TREM2+ macrophages in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkang Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Qiu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tong Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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6
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Lin C, Teng W, Tian Y, Li S, Xia N, Huang C. Immune landscape and response to oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0. [PMID: 38453818 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering a unique potential to selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironment (TME) poses a substantial hurdle to the development of OVs as effective immunotherapeutic agents, as it restricts the activation and recruitment of immune cells. This review elucidates the potential of OV-based immunotherapy in modulating the immune landscape within the TME to overcome immune resistance and enhance antitumor immune responses. We examine the role of OVs in targeting specific immune cell populations, including dendritic cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, and their ability to alter the TME by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing tumor fibrosis. Additionally, we explore strategies to optimize OV-based drug delivery and improve the efficiency of OV-mediated immunotherapy. In conclusion, this review offers a concise and comprehensive synopsis of the current status and future prospects of OV-based immunotherapy, underscoring its remarkable potential as an effective immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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7
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Zhao J, Ghallab A, Hassan R, Dooley S, Hengstler JG, Drasdo D. A liver digital twin for in silico testing of cellular and inter-cellular mechanisms in regeneration after drug-induced damage. iScience 2024; 27:108077. [PMID: 38371522 PMCID: PMC10869925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This communication presents a mathematical mechanism-based model of the regenerating liver after drug-induced pericentral lobule damage resolving tissue microarchitecture. The consequence of alternative hypotheses about the interplay of different cell types on regeneration was simulated. Regeneration dynamics has been quantified by the size of the damage-induced dead cell area, the hepatocyte density and the spatial-temporal profile of the different cell types. We use deviations of observed trajectories from the simulated system to identify branching points, at which the systems behavior cannot be explained by the underlying set of hypotheses anymore. Our procedure reflects a successful strategy for generating a fully digital liver twin that, among others, permits to test perturbations from the molecular up to the tissue scale. The model simulations are complementing current knowledge on liver regeneration by identifying gaps in mechanistic relationships and guiding the system toward the most informative (lacking) parameters that can be experimentally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Zhao
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Georg Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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8
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Saravanan PB, Kalivarathan J, McClintock K, Mohammed S, Burch E, Morecock C, Liu J, Khan A, Levy MF, Kanak MA. Inflammatory and hypoxic stress-induced islet exosomes released during isolation are associated with poor transplant outcomes in islet autotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00139-4. [PMID: 38364959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Islets experience enormous stress during the isolation process, leading to suboptimal endocrine function after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT). Our investigation focused on inducing isolation stress in islets ex vivo, where proinflammatory cytokines and hypoxia prompted the release of stress exosomes (exoS) sized between 50 and 200 nm. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed 3 distinct subgroups of immunogenic proteins within these exoS: damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), chaperones, and autoantigens. The involvement of endosomal-sorting complex required for transport proteinsincluding ras-associated binding proteins7A, ras-associated binding protein GGTA, vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 45, vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 26B, and the tetraspanins CD9 and CD63, in exoS biogenesis was confirmed through immunoblotting. Next, we isolated similar exoS from the islet infusion bags of TPIAT recipients (N = 20). The exosomes from infusion bags exhibited higher DAMP (heat shock protein family A [Hsp70] member 1B and histone H2B) levels, particularly in the insulin-dependent TPIAT group. Additionally, elevated DAMP protein levels in islet infusion bag exosomes correlated with increased insulin requirements (P = .010) and higher hemoglobin A1c levels 1-year posttransplant. A deeper exploration into exoS functionality revealed their potential to activate monocytes via the toll-like receptor 3/7: DAMP axis. This stimulation resulted in the induction of inflammatory phenotypes marked by increased levels of CD68, CD80, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. This activation mechanism may impact the successful engraftment of transplanted islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathab Balaji Saravanan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Jagan Kalivarathan
- VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kaeden McClintock
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Elijah Burch
- VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christiane Morecock
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Aamir Khan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Marlon F Levy
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mazhar A Kanak
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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9
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Ni L, Chen D, Zhao Y, Ye R, Fang P. Unveiling the flames: macrophage pyroptosis and its crucial role in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338125. [PMID: 38380334 PMCID: PMC10877142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in innate immunity, with approximately 90% of the total macrophage population in the human body residing in the liver. This population encompasses both resident and infiltrating macrophages. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of liver macrophages in various aspects such as liver inflammation, regeneration, and immune regulation. A novel pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, pyroptosis, initially identified in macrophages, has garnered substantial attention since its discovery. Studies investigating pyroptosis and inflammation progression have particularly centered around macrophages. In liver diseases, pyroptosis plays an important role in driving the inflammatory response, facilitating the fibrotic process, and promoting tumor progression. Notably, the role of macrophage pyroptosis cannot be understated. This review primarily focuses on the role of macrophage pyroptosis in liver diseases. Additionally, it underscores the therapeutic potential inherent in targeting macrophage pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Fang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Allam MM, Ibrahim RM, El Gazzar WB, Said MA. Dipeptedyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor downregulates HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a diabetic rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:87-95. [PMID: 34543583 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1975758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammatory and immune pathways play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sitagliptin blocks the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, mechanisms that alter inflammatory pathways and the innate immune system, and by which Sitagliptin affects the pathogenesis of NAFLD weren't previously discussed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the interaction between Sitagliptin and innate immune response in order to meliorate NAFLD. METHODS Thirty- two Wistar male albino rats were categorised into four groups. Rats have received a standard diet or a high-fat diet either with or without Sitagliptin. Serum HMGB1, protein and mRNA expressions of hepatic TLR4 and NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological changes were analysed. RESULTS An ameliorative action of Sitagliptin in NAFLD was demonstrated via decreasing HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signalling in order to suppress inflammation and reduce insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Sitagliptin may in fact prove to be a beneficial therapeutic intervention in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Allam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, Egypt
| | - Reham M Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, Egypt
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, Egypt
| | - Mona A Said
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, Egypt
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11
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Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Madir A, Grgurevic I, Tsochatzis EA, Pinzani M. Portal hypertension in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current knowledge and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:290-307. [PMID: 38313235 PMCID: PMC10835535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i4.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PH) has traditionally been observed as a consequence of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, recent studies have provided evidence that PH may develop in earlier stages of NAFLD, suggesting that there are additional pathogenetic mechanisms at work in addition to liver fibrosis. The early development of PH in NAFLD is associated with hepatocellular lipid accumulation and ballooning, leading to the compression of liver sinusoids. External compression and intra-luminal obstacles cause mechanical forces such as strain, shear stress and elevated hydrostatic pressure that in turn activate mechanotransduction pathways, resulting in endothelial dysfunction and the development of fibrosis. The spatial distribution of histological and functional changes in the periportal and perisinusoidal areas of the liver lobule are considered responsible for the pre-sinusoidal component of PH in patients with NAFLD. Thus, current diagnostic methods such as hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement tend to underestimate portal pressure (PP) in NAFLD patients, who might decompensate below the HVPG threshold of 10 mmHg, which is traditionally considered the most relevant indicator of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). This creates further challenges in finding a reliable diagnostic method to stratify the prognostic risk in this population of patients. In theory, the measurement of the portal pressure gradient guided by endoscopic ultrasound might overcome the limitations of HVPG measurement by avoiding the influence of the pre-sinusoidal component, but more investigations are needed to test its clinical utility for this indication. Liver and spleen stiffness measurement in combination with platelet count is currently the best-validated non-invasive approach for diagnosing CSPH and varices needing treatment. Lifestyle change remains the cornerstone of the treatment of PH in NAFLD, together with correcting the components of metabolic syndrome, using nonselective beta blockers, whereas emerging candidate drugs require more robust confirmation from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Madir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang F, Chen T, Zha J, Shen Q, Wang D, Hou C. Hepatocytes-derived Prdx1 regulates macrophage phenotypes via TLR4 activation in acute liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111439. [PMID: 38159556 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is a significant causative factor for multiple hepatic diseases. The excessive inflammatory response triggers proinflammatory immune cells recruitment, infiltration and differentiation, further contributing to inflammatory injuries in liver. As a proinflammatory factor, circulating Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) is elevated in ALI patients and mice. In this study, through carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and cecal puncture and ligation (CLP)-induced liver injury mice model, we found hepatocytes-derived Prdx1 expression was increased in ALI. After AAV8-Prdx1-mediated Prdx1 knockdown, CCl4 and CLP-induced ALI was alleviated, along with the reduced proinflammatory cytokines, suppressed myeloid cells recruitment, decreased proportions of hepatic macrophages and neutrophils, restrained proinflammatory macrophage differentiation and infiltration. Mechanistically, hepatocyte-derived Prdx1 regulated macrophages through paracrine activation of the TLR4 signal. Our data support the immune and inflammatory regulatory role of Prdx1 in ALI pathological process to suggest its potential therapeutic application and clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mingxun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Fanrong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jingjing Zha
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiying Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Chao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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14
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Li J, Huang Q, Ma W, Yi J, Zhong X, Hu R, Sun J, Ma M, Lv M, Han Z, Zhang W, Feng W, Sun X, Zhou X. Hepatoprotective efficacy and interventional mechanism of JianPi LiShi YangGan formula in acute-on-chronic liver failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116880. [PMID: 37422102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) progresses rapidly with a high short-term death rate. Although JianPi LiShi YangGan formula (YGF) has been used to treat ACLF by managing inflammatory responses and reducing endotoxemia, hepatocyte injury, and mortality, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy and protective benefits of YGF in mice with ACLF. MATERIALS AND METHODS YGF composition was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We constructed a mouse model of ACLF using carbon tetrachloride, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and D-galactosamine (D-Gal), as well as an in vitro model of D-Gal/LPS-induced hepatocyte injury. The therapeutic effects of YGF in ACLF mice were verified using hematoxylin-eosin, Sirius red, and Masson staining, and by measuring serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and inflammatory cytokine levels. Mitochondrial damage in hepatocytes was evaluated using electron microscopy, while superoxide anion levels in liver tissue were investigated using dihydroethidium. Transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effects of YGF against ACLF. RESULTS In mice with ACLF, YGF therapy partially decreased serum inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as hepatocyte injury and liver fibrosis. The livers of ACLF mice treated with YGF exhibited decreased mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species generation, as well as a decreased number of M1 macrophages and increased number of M2 macrophages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that YGF may regulate biological processes such as autophagy, mitophagy, and PI3K/AKT signaling. In ACLF mice, YGF promoted mitophagy and inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation in hepatocytes. Meanwhile, the autophagy inhibitor 3M-A reduced the capacity of YGF to induce autophagy and protect against hepatocyte injury in vitro. In contrast, the PI3K agonist 740 Y-P suppressed the ability of YGF to control PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation and induce autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that YGF mediates autophagy, tight junctions, cytokine generation, and other biological processes. In addition, YGF inhibits hepatic inflammatory responses and ameliorates hepatocyte injury in mice with ACLF. Mechanistically, YGF can promote mitophagy to ameliorate acute-on-chronic liver failure by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macau; Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - JinYu Yi
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macau; Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macau; Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - MengQing Ma
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Minling Lv
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Wenxing Feng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xinfeng Sun
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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15
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Gao Y, Gong B, Chen Z, Song J, Xu N, Weng Z. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, a Class of Potential Psoriasis Drug Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:771. [PMID: 38255845 PMCID: PMC10815563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that involves both innate and adaptive immune responses in its pathogenesis. Local tissue damage is a hallmark feature of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases. In psoriasis, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by damaged local tissue act as danger signals and trigger inflammatory responses by recruiting and activating immune cells. They also stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which exacerbate the inflammatory response and contribute to disease progression. Recent studies have highlighted the role of DAMPs as key regulators of immune responses involved in the initiation and maintenance of psoriatic inflammation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the immune mechanism of psoriasis, focusing on several important DAMPs and their mechanisms of action. We also discussed the potential of DAMPs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for psoriasis, offering new insights into the development of more effective treatments for this challenging skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Na Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Y.G.); (B.G.); (Z.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Zhuangfeng Weng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Y.G.); (B.G.); (Z.C.); (J.S.)
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16
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Singh S, Kumar A, Gupta S, Agrawal R. Curative role of natural PPARγ agonist in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tissue Barriers 2023:2289830. [PMID: 38050958 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2289830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a condition that develops when the liver accumulates excess fat without alcohol consumption. This chronic liver ailment progresses along with insulin resistant and is typically not diagnosed until the patients have cirrhosis. Nuclear hormone receptor superfamily PPARs are essential for metabolism of fatty acids and glucose. In liver, lipid metabolism is regulated by nuclear receptors and PPARα, and PPARβ/δ encourages fatty acid β-oxidation. PPAR-γ, an energy-balanced receptor is a crucial regulator in NAFLD. The partial activation of PPAR-γ could lead to increased level of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity, thus improved NAFLD. Because of less side effects, natural compounds are emerged as potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD by PPARγ agonists. Although the results from preclinical studies are promising, further research is needed to determine the potential dosing and efficacy of mentioned compounds in human subjects. In this review, we summarize the effect of natural PPARγ agonist in the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Divine College of Pharmacy, Bihar, India
| | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, YBN University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rohini Agrawal
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Feng ZJ, Wang LS, Ma X, Li K, Li XY, Tang Y, Peng CJ. Catapol attenuates the aseptic inflammatory response to hepatic I/R injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway via the microRNA-410-3p. Mol Immunol 2023; 164:66-78. [PMID: 37979473 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury involves inflammatory necrosis of liver cells as a significant pathological mechanism. Catapol possesses anti-inflammatory activity that is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, Rehmannia glutinosa. METHODS The liver function and histopathology, Oxidative stress, and aseptic inflammatory responses were assessed in vivo, and the strongest dose group was selected. For mechanism, the expression of miR-410-3p, HMGB1, and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways was detected. The dual luciferase assay can verify the targeting relationship between miR-410-3p and HMGB1. Knockdown of miR-410-3p in L02 cells is applied in interference experiments. RESULTS CAT pre-treatment significantly decreased the liver function markers alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and reduced the areas of hemorrhage and necrosis induced by hepatic I/R injury. Additionally, it reduced the aseptic inflammatory response and oxidative stress, with the strongest protective effect observed in the high-dose CAT group. Mechanistically, CAT downregulates HMGB1, inhibits TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation, and reduces inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and IL-1β. In addition, the I/R-induced downregulation of microRNA-410-3p was inhibited by CAT pre-treatment in vivo and in vitro. HMGB1 was identified as a potential target of microRNA-410-3p using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of microRNA-410-3p abolished the inhibitory effect of CAT on HMGB1, p-NF-κB, and p-IκB-α protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that CAT pre-treatment has a protective effect against hepatic I/R injury in rats. Specifically, CAT attenuates the aseptic inflammatory response to hepatic I/R injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway via the microRNA-410-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Jie Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ci Jun Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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18
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Felli E, Felli E, Muttillo EM, Urade T, Laracca GG, Giannelli V, Famularo S, Geny B, Ettorre GM, Rombouts K, Pinzani M, Diana M, Gracia-Sancho J. Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury: From trigger loading to shot firing. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:1226-1233. [PMID: 37728488 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) results from a prolonged ischemic insult followed by the restoration of blood perfusion, being a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in liver transplantation. At the maximum of the potential damage, IRI is characterized by 2 main phases. The first is the ischemic phase, where the hypoxia and vascular stasis induces cell damage and the accumulation of damage-associated molecular patterns and cytokines. The second is the reperfusion phase, where the local sterile inflammatory response driven by innate immunity leads to a massive cell death and impaired liver functionality. The ischemic time becomes crucial in patients with underlying pathophysiological conditions. It is possible to compare this process to a shooting gun, where the loading trigger is the ischemia period and the firing shot is the reperfusion phase. In this optic, this article aims at reviewing the main ischemic events following the phases of the surgical timeline, considering the consequent reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Felli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Felli
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital of Tours, France
| | - Edoardo M Muttillo
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Takeshi Urade
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Giovanni G Laracca
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Giannelli
- Department of Transplantation and General Surgery, San Camillo Hospital, Italy
| | - Simone Famularo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Institute of Physiology, EA3072 Mitochondria Respiration and Oxidative Stress, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Giuseppe M Ettorre
- Department of Transplantation and General Surgery, San Camillo Hospital, Italy
| | - Krista Rombouts
- University College London - Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- University College London - Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Diana
- Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), France
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Sun A, Liu H, Sun M, Yang W, Liu J, Lin Y, Shi X, Sun J, Liu L. Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies targeting gut-X axis against diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115577. [PMID: 37757494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can coordinate with different tissues and organs to maintain human health, which derives the concept of the gut-X axis. Conversely, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota leads to the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as neurological diseases, liver diseases, and even cancers. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota offers new opportunities in the field of medicines. Antibiotics, probiotics or other treatments might restore unbalanced gut microbiota, which effects do not match what people have expected. Recently, nanomedicines with the high targeting ability and reduced toxicity make them an appreciative choice for relieving disease through targeting gut-X axis. Considering this paradigm-setting trend, the current review summarizes the advancements in gut microbiota and its related nanomedicines. Specifically, this article introduces the immunological effects of gut microbiota, summarizes the gut-X axis-associated diseases, and highlights the nanotherapeutics-mediated treatment via remolding the gut-X axis. Moreover, this review also discusses the challenges in studies related to nanomedicines targeting the gut microbiota and offers the future perspective, thereby aiming at charting a course toward clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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20
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Xie D, Ouyang S. The role and mechanisms of macrophage polarization and hepatocyte pyroptosis in acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279264. [PMID: 37954583 PMCID: PMC10639160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease caused by disruptions in the body's immune microenvironment. In the early stages of ALF, Kupffer cells (KCs) become depleted and recruit monocytes derived from the bone marrow or abdomen to replace the depleted macrophages entering the liver. These monocytes differentiate into mature macrophages, which are activated in the immune microenvironment of the liver and polarized to perform various functions. Macrophage polarization can occur in two directions: pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Controlling the ratio and direction of M1 and M2 in ALF can help reduce liver injury. However, the liver damage caused by pyroptosis should not be underestimated, as it is a caspase-dependent form of cell death. Inhibiting pyroptosis has been shown to effectively reduce liver damage induced by ALF. Furthermore, macrophage polarization and pyroptosis share common binding sites, signaling pathways, and outcomes. In the review, we describe the role of macrophage polarization and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of ALF. Additionally, we preliminarily explore the relationship between macrophage polarization and pyroptosis, as well as their effects on ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Velliou RI, Legaki AI, Nikolakopoulou P, Vlachogiannis NI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Liver endothelial cells in NAFLD and transition to NASH and HCC. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:314. [PMID: 37798474 PMCID: PMC11072568 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, which is characterised by obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. NAFLD is the most frequent liver disease worldwide and more than 10% of NAFLD patients progress to the inflammatory and fibrotic stage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to end-stage liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent primary malignant liver tumor. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are strategically positioned at the interface between blood and hepatic parenchyma. LSECs are highly specialized cells, characterised by the presence of transcellular pores, called fenestrae, and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic characteristics under physiological conditions. However, during NAFLD development they undergo capillarisation and acquire a phenotype similar to vascular endothelial cells, actively promoting all pathophysiological aspects of NAFLD, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. LSEC dysfunction is critical for the progression to NASH and HCC while restoring LSEC homeostasis appears to be a promising approach to prevent NAFLD progression and its complications and even reverse tissue damage. In this review we present current information on the role of LSEC throughout the progressive phases of NAFLD, summarising in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence and data from human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527, Athens, Greece.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Garg M, Johri S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory role of mitochondrial DAMPs: a missing link in pathology? FEBS J 2023; 290:4395-4418. [PMID: 35731715 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondrial components bear characteristic prokaryotic signatures, which act as immunomodulatory molecules when released into the extramitochondrial compartment. These endogenous immune triggers, called mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet their role remains largely unexplored. In this review, we summarise the available literature on mtDAMPs in diseases, with a special focus on respiratory diseases. We highlight the need to bolster mtDAMP research using a multipronged approach, to study their effect on specific cell types, receptors and machinery in pathologies. We emphasise the lacunae in the current understanding of mtDAMPs, particularly in their cellular release and the chemical modifications they undergo. Finally, we conclude by proposing additional effects of mtDAMPs in diseases, specifically their role in modulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saumya Johri
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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23
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Mohammed S, Thadathil N, Ohene-Marfo P, Tran AL, Van Der Veldt M, Georgescu C, Oh S, Nicklas EH, Wang D, Haritha NH, Luo W, Janknecht R, Miller BF, Wren JD, Freeman WM, Deepa SS. Absence of Either Ripk3 or Mlkl Reduces Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Independent of Liver Fibrosis. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:933-946. [PMID: 37204757 PMCID: PMC10472095 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the etiologies that contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and chronic inflammation is one of the proposed mediators of HCC. Because necroptosis is a cell death pathway that induces inflammation, we tested whether necroptosis-induced inflammation contributes to the progression of NAFLD to HCC in a mouse model of diet-induced HCC. Male and female wild-type (WT) mice and mouse models where necroptosis is blocked (Ripk3-/- or Mlkl-/- mice) were fed either a control diet, choline-deficient low-fat diet or choline-deficient high-fat diet. Blocking necroptosis reduced markers of inflammation [proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL6, and IL1β), F4/80+ve macrophages, CCR2+ve infiltrating monocytes], inflammation-associated oncogenic pathways (JNK, PD-L1/PD-1, β-catenin), and HCC in male mice. We demonstrate that hepatic necroptosis promotes recruitment and activation of liver macrophages leading to chronic inflammation, which in turn trigger oncogenic pathways leading to the progression of NAFLD to HCC in male mice. Whereas in female mice, blocking necroptosis reduced HCC independent of inflammation. Our data show a sex-specific difference in the development of inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC in WT mice. However, blocking necroptosis reduced HCC in both males and females without altering liver fibrosis. Thus, our study suggests that necroptosis is a valid therapeutic target for NAFLD-mediated HCC. IMPLICATIONS Necroptosis is a major contributor to hepatic inflammation that drives the progression of NAFLD to HCC and therefore represents a valid target for NAFLD-mediated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Mohammed
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Phoebe Ohene-Marfo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Albert L. Tran
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | | | - Sangphil Oh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Evan H. Nicklas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nair Hariprasad Haritha
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City VA medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City VA medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sathyaseelan S. Deepa
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City VA medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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24
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Adebayo D, Wong F. Pathophysiology of Hepatorenal Syndrome - Acute Kidney Injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:S1-S10. [PMID: 37625861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome is a complication of liver cirrhosis with ascites that results from the complex interplay of many pathogenetic mechanisms. Advanced cirrhosis is characterized by the development of hemodynamic changes of splanchnic and systemic arterial vasodilatation, with paradoxical renal vasoconstriction and renal hypoperfusion. Cirrhosis is also an inflammatory state. The inflammatory cascade is initiated by a portal hypertension-induced increased translocation of bacteria, bacterial products, and endotoxins from the gut to the splanchnic and then to the systemic circulation. The inflammation, whether sterile or related to infection, is responsible for renal microcirculatory dysfunction, microthrombi formation, renal tubular oxidative stress, and tubular damage. Of course, many of the bacterial products also have vasodilatory properties, potentially exaggerating the state of vasodilatation and worsening the hemodynamic instability in these patients. The presence of cardiac dysfunction, related to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, with its associated systolic incompetence, can aggravate the mismatch between the circulatory capacitance and the circulation volume, worsening the extent of the effective arterial underfilling, with lower renal perfusion pressure, contributing to renal hypoperfusion and increasing the risk for development of acute kidney injury. The presence of tense ascites can exert an intra-abdominal compartmental syndrome effect on the renal circulation, causing renal congestion and hampering glomerular filtration. Other contributing factors to renal dysfunction include the tubular damaging effects of cholestasis and adrenal dysfunction. Future developments include the use of metabolomics to identify metabolic pathways that can lead to the development of renal dysfunction, with the potential of identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis of renal dysfunction and the development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Adebayo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire National Health Service Foundation Trust, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Li X, Ni J, Chen L. Advances in the study of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1239395. [PMID: 37601069 PMCID: PMC10436315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1239395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a significant cause of drug-induced liver injury and acute liver failure. The diagnosis, screening, and management of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is challenging because of the complex mechanisms involved. Starting from the current studies on the mechanisms of AILI, this review focuses on novel findings in the field of diagnosis, screening, and management of AILI. It highlights the current issues that need to be addressed. This review is supposed to summarize the recent research progress and make recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Ni
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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26
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Tewari A, Rajak S, Raza S, Gupta P, Chakravarti B, Srivastava J, Chaturvedi CP, Sinha RA. Targeting Extracellular RNA Mitigates Hepatic Lipotoxicity and Liver Injury in NASH. Cells 2023; 12:1845. [PMID: 37484201 PMCID: PMC7614796 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinically serious stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Histologically characterized by hepatocyte ballooning, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis, NASH, at a molecular level, involves lipid-induced hepatocyte death and cytokine production. Currently, there are very few diagnostic biomarkers available to screen for NASH, and no pharmacological intervention is available for its treatment. In this study, we show that hepatocyte damage induced by lipotoxicity results in the release of extracellular RNAs (eRNAs), which serve as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that stimulate the expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines, aggravate inflammation, and lead to cell death in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of eRNA activity by RNase 1 significantly increases cellular viability and reduces NF-kB-mediated cytokine production. Similarly, RNase 1 administration significantly improves hepatic steatosis, inflammatory and injury markers in a murine NASH model. Therefore, this study, for the first time, underscores the therapeutic potential of inhibiting eRNA action as a novel strategy for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Tewari
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Jyotika Srivastava
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Chandra P. Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rohit A. Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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27
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Udomsinprasert W. Interleukin-1 family cytokines in liver cell death: a new therapeutic target for liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1125-1143. [PMID: 37975716 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2285763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver cell death represents a basic biological process regulating the progression of liver diseases via distinct mechanisms. Accumulating evidence has uncovered participation of interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines in liver cell death. Upon activation of cell death induced by hepatotoxic stimuli, IL1 family cytokines released by hepatic dead cells stimulate recruitment of immune cells, which in turn influence inflammation and subsequent liver injury, thus highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in liver diseases. Enhancing our comprehension of mechanisms underlying IL1 family cytokine signaling in cell death responses could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing liver cell death-related liver pathologies. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the recent findings reported in preclinical and clinical studies on mechanisms of liver cell death, alongside participation of IL1 family members consisting of IL1α, ILβ, IL18, and IL33 in liver cell death and their significant implications in liver diseases. EXPERT OPINION Discovery of new and innovative therapeutic approaches for liver diseases will need close cooperation between fundamental and clinical scientists to better understand the multi-step processes behind IL1 family cytokines' contributions to liver cell death.
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28
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Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a primarily functional form of acute kidney injury (AKI) that develops in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The pathophysiologic cascade that leads to HRS begins with pooling of blood in the splanchnic system, resulting in a decrease in effective circulating arterial volume. The definitive treatment of HRS is liver transplantation. When this is not possible, HRS is treated with a combination of vasoconstrictor agents and intravenous albumin. Although the combination of midodrine and octreotide is used in the United States, the recently approved terlipressin, an analog of vasopressin, is likely to become the first-line standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Belcher
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, VA Connecticut Healthcare, Room G126B, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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29
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Sun M, Chen P, Xiao K, Zhu X, Zhao Z, Guo C, He X, Shi T, Zhong Q, Jia Y, Tao Y, Li M, Leong KW, Shao D. Circulating Cell-Free DNAs as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206789. [PMID: 37035952 PMCID: PMC10238175 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury and acute liver failure, while the detection, prognosis prediction, and therapy for APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) remain improved. Here, it is determined that the temporal pattern of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is strongly associated with damage and inflammation parameters in AILI. CfDNA is comparable to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in predicting mortality and outperformed ALT when combined with ALT in AILI. The depletion of cfDNA or neutrophils alleviates liver damage, while the addition of cfDNA or adoptive transfer of neutrophils exacerbates the damage. The combination of DNase I and N-acetylcysteine attenuates AILI significantly. This study establishes that cfDNA is a mechanistic biomarker to predict mortality in AILI mice. The combination of scavenging cfDNA and reducing oxidative damage provides a promising treatment for AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madi Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Peiyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Qingguo Zhong
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Yong Jia
- School of NursingJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130021China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Systems BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10032USA
| | - Dan Shao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou International CampusGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510006China
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30
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Shaker ME, Gomaa HAM, Abdelgawad MA, El-Mesery M, Shaaban AA, Hazem SH. Emerging roles of tyrosine kinases in hepatic inflammatory diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110373. [PMID: 37257270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been convicted of causing and worsening many liver diseases like acute liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, fatty liver and liver cancer. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like TLRs 4 and 9 localized on resident or recruited immune cells are well known cellular detectors of pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs). Stimulation of these receptors generates the sterile and non-sterile inflammatory responses in the liver. When these responses are repeated, there will be a sustained liver injury that may progress to fibrosis and its outcomes. Crosstalk between inflammatory/fibrogenic-dependent streams and certain tyrosine kinases (TKs) has recently evolved in the context of hepatic diseases. Because of TKs increasing importance, their role should be elucidated to highlight effective approaches to manage the diverse liver disorders. This review will give a brief overview of types and functions of some TKs like BTK, JAKs, Syk, PI3K, Src and c-Abl, as well as receptors for TAM, PDGF, EGF, VEGF and HGF. It will then move to discuss the roles of these TKs in the regulation of the proinflammatory, fibrogenic and tumorigenic responses in the liver. Lastly, the therapeutic opportunities for targeting TKs in hepatic inflammatory disorders will be addressed. Overall, this review sheds light on the diverse TKs that have substantial roles in hepatic disorders and potential therapeutics modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sara H Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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31
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Chen Z, Hu F, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang T, Kong C, Hu H, Guo J, Chen Q, Yu B, Liu Y, Zou J, Zhou J, Qiu T. Ubiquitin-specific protease 29 attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by mediating TGF-β-activated kinase 1 deubiquitination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167667. [PMID: 37304282 PMCID: PMC10250730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims In the course of clinical practice, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a prevalent pathophysiological event and is caused by a combination of complex factors that involve multiple signaling pathways such as MAPK and NF-κB. USP29 is a deubiquitinating enzyme important during the development of tumors, neurological diseases, and viral immunity. However, it is unknown how USP29 contributes to hepatic I/R injury. Methods and results We systematically investigated the role of the USP29/TAK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway in hepatic I/R injury. We first found reduced USP29 expression in both mouse hepatic I/R injury and the primary hepatocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) models. We established USP29 full knockout mice (USP29-KO) and hepatocyte-specific USP29 transgenic mice (USP29-HTG), and we found that USP29 knockout significantly exacerbates the inflammatory infiltration and injury processes during hepatic I/R injury, whereas USP29 overexpression alleviates liver injury by decreasing the inflammatory response and inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing results showed the effects of USP29 on the MAPK pathway, and further studies revealed that USP29 interacts with TAK1 and inhibits its k63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby preventing the activation of TAK1 and its downstream signaling pathways. Consistently, 5z-7-Oxozeaneol, an inhibitor of TAK1, blocked the detrimental effects of USP29 knockout on H/R-induced hepatocyte injury, further confirming that USP29 plays a regulatory role in hepatic I/R injury by targeting TAK1. Conclusion Our findings imply that USP29 is a therapeutic target with promise for the management of hepatic I/R injury via TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Medical Science Research Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyang Kong
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haochong Hu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jilin Zou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tourkochristou E, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Gene Polymorphisms and Biological Effects of Vitamin D Receptor on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098288. [PMID: 37175993 PMCID: PMC10179740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The genetic and molecular background of NAFLD pathogenesis is not yet clear. The vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis is significantly associated with the development and progression of NAFLD. Gene polymorphisms may influence the regulation of the VDR gene, although their biological significance remains to be elucidated. VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD, as they may influence the regulation of adipose tissue activity, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Vitamin D binds to the hepatic VDR to exert its biological functions, either by activating VDR transcriptional activity to regulate gene expression associated with inflammation and fibrosis or by inducing intracellular signal transduction through VDR-mediated activation of Ca2+ channels. VDR activity has protective and detrimental effects on hepatic steatosis, a characteristic feature of NAFLD. Vitamin D-VDR signaling may control the progression of NAFLD by regulating immune responses, lipotoxicity, and fibrogenesis. Elucidation of the genetic and molecular background of VDR in the pathophysiology of NAFLD will provide new therapeutic targets for this disease through the development of VDR agonists, which already showed promising results in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Targeting IKKβ Activity to Limit Sterile Inflammation in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020710. [PMID: 36840032 PMCID: PMC9959252 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinase activity of inhibitory κB kinase β (IKKβ) acts as a signal transducer in the activating pathway of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a master regulator of inflammation and cell death in the development of numerous hepatocellular injuries. However, the importance of IKKβ activity on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity remains to be defined. Here, a derivative of caffeic acid benzylamide (CABA) inhibited the kinase activity of IKKβ, as did IMD-0354 and sulfasalazine which show therapeutic efficacy against inflammatory diseases through a common mechanism: inhibiting IKKβ activity. To understand the importance of IKKβ activity in sterile inflammation during hepatotoxicity, C57BL/6 mice were treated with CABA, IMD-0354, or sulfasalazine after APAP overdose. These small-molecule inhibitors of IKKβ activity protected the APAP-challenged mice from necrotic injury around the centrilobular zone in the liver, and rescued the mice from hepatic damage-associated lethality. From a molecular perspective, IKKβ inhibitors directly interrupted sterile inflammation in the Kupffer cells of APAP-challenged mice, such as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-induced activation of NF-κB activity via IKKβ, and NF-κB-regulated expression of cytokines and chemokines. However, CABA did not affect the upstream pathogenic events, including oxidative stress with glutathione depletion in hepatocytes after APAP overdose. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), the only FDA-approved antidote against APAP overdose, replenishes cellular levels of glutathione, but its limited efficacy is concerning in late-presenting patients who have already undergone oxidative stress in the liver. Taken together, we propose a novel hypothesis that chemical inhibition of IKKβ activity in sterile inflammation could mitigate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, and have the potential to complement NAC treatment in APAP overdoses.
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Amin SN, Sakr HI, El Gazzar WB, Shaltout SA, Ghaith HS, Elberry DA. Combined saline and vildagliptin induced M2 macrophage polarization in hepatic injury induced by acute kidney injury. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14724. [PMID: 36815993 PMCID: PMC9933746 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent medical condition accompanied by mutual affection of other organs, including the liver resulting in complicated multiorgan malfunction. Macrophages play a vital role during tissue injury and healing; they are categorized into "classically activated macrophages" (M1) and "alternatively activated macrophages" (M2). The present study investigated and compared the conventional fluid therapy vs Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) vildagliptin on the liver injury induced by AKI and evaluated the possible molecular mechanisms. Thirty rats comprised five groups (n = 6 rats/group): control, AKI, AKI+saline (received 1.5 mL of normal saline subcutaneous injection), AKI+vildagliptin (treated with oral vildagliptin 10 mg/kg), AKI+saline+vildagliptin. AKI was induced by intramuscular (i.m) injection of 50% glycerol (5 ml/kg). At the end of the work, we collected serum and liver samples for measurements of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Liver samples were processed for assessment of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as a marker for M1, arginase 1 (Arg-1) as an M2 marker, c-fos, c-Jun, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and high-mobility-group-box1 (HMGB1) protein. The difference was insignificant regarding the relative expression of AP-1, c-Jun, c-fos, MAPK, and HMGB between the AKI+saline group and the AKI+Vildagliptin group. The difference between the same two groups concerning the hepatic content of the M1 marker (iNOS) and the M2 marker Arg-1 was insignificant. However, combined therapy produced more pronounced changes in these markers, as the difference in their relative expression between the AKI+saline+Vildagliptin group and both the AKI+saline group and the AKI+Vildagliptin group was significant. Accordingly, we suggest that the combined saline and vildagliptin hepatoprotective effect involves the downregulation of the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa N. Amin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Department of Medical Physiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa B. El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Shaltout
- Department of Pharmacology, Public health, and Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia A. Elberry
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Li ZW, Wang L. The role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver remodeling after injury. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:22-27. [PMID: 36182636 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease, metabolic liver diseases, and hepatic malignancies that are not amenable to resection. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main problem in liver transplantation and liver resection, leading to parenchymal cell injury and organ dysfunction. The damage of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is a critical event in IRI. LSECs work as an important regulating factor of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. This review primarily describes the mechanisms of LSECs injury in IRI and explores the roles of LSECs in liver regeneration, and briefly introduces the protective strategies targeting LSECs damaged in IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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36
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Cai SL, Fan XG, Wu J, Wang Y, Hu XW, Pei SY, Zheng YX, Chen J, Huang Y, Li N, Huang ZB. CB2R agonist GW405833 alleviates acute liver failure in mice via inhibiting HIF-1α-mediated reprogramming of glycometabolism and macrophage proliferation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-022-01037-8. [PMID: 36697976 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory responses involving infiltration and activation of liver macrophages play a vital role in acute liver failure (ALF). In the liver of ALF mice, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is significantly upregulated on macrophages, while CB2R agonist GW405833 (GW) could protect against cell death in acute liver damage. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GW against ALF in vivo and in vitro from a perspective of macrophage glycometabolism. Mice were pretreated with GW (10 mg/kg, i.p.), then were injected with D-GalN (750 mg/kg, i.p.) and LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce ALF. We verified the protective effects of GW pretreatment in ALF mice. Furthermore, GW pretreatment significantly reduced liver macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in ALF mice. These protective effects were eliminated by CB2R antagonist SR144528 or in CB2R-/- ALF mice. We used LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells as an in vitro M1 macrophage-centered model of inflammatory response, and demonstrated that pretreatment with GW (10 μM) significantly reduced glucose metabolism by inhibiting glycolysis, which inhibited LPS-induced macrophage proliferation and inflammatory cytokines release. We verified these results in a stable CB2R-/- RAW264.7 cell line. Moreover, we found that GW significantly inhibited the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Using a stable HIF-1α-/- RAW264.7 cell line, we confirmed that GW reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and inhibited glycolysis by downregulating HIF-1α expression. In conclusion, activation of CB2Rs inhibits the proliferation of hepatic macrophages and release of inflammatory factors in ALF mice through downregulating HIF-1α to inhibit glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Nation Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xing-Wang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Si-Ya Pei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ning Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Ze-Bing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Nation Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Wang T, Xu ZH. Natural Compounds with Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibition: A Class of Medicative Agents for Fatty Liver Disease. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:1929-1944. [PMID: 36655533 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230119101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD), which includes both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD), is a worldwide health concern. The etiology of ALD is long-term alcohol consumption, while NAFLD is defined as an abnormal amount of lipid present in liver cells, which is not caused by alcohol intake and has recently been identified as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and obesity). Inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic dysregulation are all known to play a role in FLD progression. Alternative and natural therapies are desperately needed to treat this disease since existing pharmaceuticals are mostly ineffective. The aldose reductase (AR)/polyol pathway has recently been shown to play a role in developing FLD by contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fat accumulation. Herein, we review the effects of plantderived compounds capable of inhibiting AR in FLD models. Natural AR inhibitors have been found to improve FLD in part by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and steatosis via the regulation of several critical pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, etc. This review revealed that natural compounds with AR inhibitory effects are a promising class of therapeutic agents for FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hui Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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The PTP1B selective inhibitor MSI-1436 mitigates Tunicamycin-induced ER stress in human hepatocarcinoma cell line through XBP1 splicing modulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278566. [PMID: 36649358 PMCID: PMC9844924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is considered as a key metabolic enzyme that has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance onset, and underlying cellular metabolic malfunctions, including ER stress and mitochondrial failure. In this study, effects of selective PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 on cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress have been assessed using an in vitro model of Tunicamycin induced ER stress in HepG2 cell line. Inhibition of PTP1B using MSI-1436 significantly increased cell viability and reduced the number of apoptotic cells as well as the expression of key apoptosis initiators and effectors. MSI-1436 further mitigated ER stress, by downregulating the expression of IRE1, ATF6 and PERK transcripts, all being key ER stress sensors. Interestingly, MSI-1436 inhibited the XBP1 splicing, and thus its UPR-associated transcriptional activity. PTP1B inhibition further enabled to restore proper mitochondrial biogenesis, by improving transmembrane potential, and diminishing intracellular ROS while restoring of endogenous antioxidant enzymes genes expression. PTP1B inhibition using MSI-1436 could improve cellular apoptosis and metabolic integrity through the mitigation of ER and mitochondrial stress signalling pathways, and excessive ROS accumulation. This strategy may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders including IR, NAFLD and diabetes.
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39
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Yang Zhou J. Innate immunity and early liver inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175147. [PMID: 37205101 PMCID: PMC10187146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate system constitutes a first-line defence mechanism against pathogens. 80% of the blood supply entering the human liver arrives from the splanchnic circulation through the portal vein, so it is constantly exposed to immunologically active substances and pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract. Rapid neutralization of pathogens and toxins is an essential function of the liver, but so too is avoidance of harmful and unnecessary immune reactions. This delicate balance of reactivity and tolerance is orchestrated by a diverse repertoire of hepatic immune cells. In particular, the human liver is enriched in many innate immune cell subsets, including Kupffer cells (KCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) like Natural Killer (NK) cells and ILC-like unconventional T cells - namely Natural Killer T cells (NKT), γδ T cells and Mucosal-associated Invariant T cells (MAIT). These cells reside in the liver in a memory-effector state, so they respond quickly to trigger appropriate responses. The contribution of aberrant innate immunity to inflammatory liver diseases is now being better understood. In particular, we are beginning to understand how specific innate immune subsets trigger chronic liver inflammation, which ultimately results in hepatic fibrosis. In this review, we consider the roles of specific innate immune cell subsets in early inflammation in human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Yang Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jordi Yang Zhou,
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40
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Kulle A, Thanabalasuriar A, Cohen TS, Szydlowska M. Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029085. [PMID: 36532044 PMCID: PMC9750759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages play a unique role in the maintenance of tissue function. As phagocytes, they are an essential first line defenders against pathogens and much of the initial characterization of these cells was focused on their interaction with viral and bacterial pathogens. However, these cells are increasingly recognized as contributing to more than just host defense. Through cytokine production, receptor engagement and gap junction communication resident macrophages tune tissue inflammatory tone, influence adaptive immune cell phenotype and regulate tissue structure and function. This review highlights resident macrophages in the liver and lung as they hold unique roles in the maintenance of the interface between the circulatory system and the external environment. As such, we detail the developmental origin of these cells, their contribution to host defense and the array of tools these cells use to regulate tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Kulle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Taylor S. Cohen
- Late Stage Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Marta Szydlowska
- Bacteriology and Vaccine Discovery, Research and Early Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Marta Szydlowska,
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Li Q, Chen F, Wang F. The immunological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 36414987 PMCID: PMC9682794 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure caused by drug overdose is a significant clinical problem in developed countries. Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but its overdose can cause acute liver failure. In addition to APAP-induced direct hepatotoxicity, the intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) including metabolic activation, mitochondrial oxidant stress and proinflammatory response further affect progression and severity of AILI. Liver inflammation is a result of multiple interactions of cell death molecules, immune cell-derived cytokines and chemokines, as well as damaged cell-released signals which orchestrate hepatic immune cell infiltration. The immunoregulatory interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during AILI lead to different fate of liver pathology. Thus, better understanding the complex interplay of immune cell subsets in experimental models and defining their functional involvement in disease progression are essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AILI. Here, this present review aims to systematically elaborate on the underlying immunological mechanisms of AILI, its relevance to immune cells and their effector molecules, and briefly discuss great therapeutic potential based on inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Fei Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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Liu Y, Kong X, You Y, Xiang L, Zhang Y, Wu R, Zhou L, Duan L. S100A8-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in Macrophages Facilitates Liver Fibrosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223579. [PMID: 36429008 PMCID: PMC9688473 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis has been implicated in liver fibrosis progression. However, the definite intrahepatic cell types that undergo pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism as well as the clinical importance remain unclear. Here, augmented levels of pyroptosis-related indicators GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were verified in both liver fibrosis patients and CCl4-induced fibrotic mouse model. Confocal imaging of NLRP3 with albumin, F4/80 or α-SMA revealed that enhanced NLRP3 was mainly localized to kupffer cells (KCs), indicating that KCs are major cell types that undergo pyroptosis. Targeting pyroptosis by inhibitor MCC950 attenuated the severity and ameliorated liver function in fibrosis models. In addition, elevated S100A8 in liver fibrosis patients was correlated with pyroptosis-related indicators. S100A8 stimulated pyroptotic death of macrophages, which resulted in activation of human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 cells and increased collagen deposition. Mechanistically, S100A8 activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling and upregulated its target genes NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18 expression, and induced reactive oxygen (ROS) abundance to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, finally leading to pyroptotic cell death in macrophages. More importantly, circulating GSDMD had the optimal predicting value for liver fibrosis progression. In conclusion, S100A8-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by TLR4/NF-κB activation and ROS production in macrophages facilitates liver fibrosis progression. The identified GSDMD has the potential to be a biomarker for liver fibrosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Linwei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +23-68485388 (L.Z.); +23-63693193 (L.D.)
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +23-68485388 (L.Z.); +23-63693193 (L.D.)
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Ye Z, Huang Q, She Y, Hu Y, Wu M, Qin K, Li L, Zhang C, Zuo X, Wei A, Mao D, Ye Q. A meritorious integrated medical regimen for hepatic fibrosis and its complications via the systematic review and meta-analysis for Dahuang Zhechong pill-based therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:920062. [PMID: 36314011 PMCID: PMC9616118 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.920062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic fibrosis is a health challenge due to the absence of satisfactory therapy, especially at the cirrhosis stage. Dahuang Zhechong pill (DHZCP)-based therapy is reportedly a successful treatment for hepatic fibrosis and is even beneficial for the treatment of cirrhosis. Hence, a systematic review and clinical evidence assessment of DHZCP-based therapy should be performed, and clinical recommendations based on its efficacy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis should be generated. With respect to potential indicators, the comparative value of the hepatic function, spleen thickness, and portal vein internal diameter should be evaluated. Materials and methods PubMed, the Excerpta Medica Database, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, the WanFang Database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database were searched to identify clinical trials. Three subgroup analyses were performed based on the stage of disease, medication use, and the course of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4. Results A total of 18 studies including 1,494 patients were evaluated. The DHZCP-based therapy was effective in reducing the plasma levels of hyaluronic acid, and laminin, procollagen III, and IV collagen were also reduced irrespective of the hepatitis stage or the presence of hepatic cirrhosis. Abnormalities in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and total bilirubin were reversed. A 6-month course of treatment was the most beneficial DHZCP-based therapy regimen. Alanine aminotransferase improvement was more obvious in patients with cirrhosis, and alanine aminotransferase was reduced significantly in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. With respect to pharmacological mechanisms, DHZCP-based therapy could inhibit hepatic stellate cell growth and activation, reduce inflammation, and prevent extracellular matrix formation. Hepatic portal hypertension and splenomegaly were ameliorated significantly in the DHZCP-based therapy group. Conclusion Dahuang Zhechong pill-based therapy has demonstrated efficacy as a treatment for hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. A 6-month course of treatment is the recommended option for DHZCP-based therapy in clinical practice. The combination of DHZCP-based therapy and entecavir is a favorable treatment for hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinfeng Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zuo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailing Wei
- Department of Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Dewen Mao
- Department of Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Qiaobo Ye,
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Yu S, Wang J, Zheng H, Wang R, Johnson N, Li T, Li P, Lin J, Li Y, Yan J, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Ding X. Pathogenesis from Inflammation to Cancer in NASH-Derived HCC. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:855-867. [PMID: 36051860 PMCID: PMC9426868 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s377768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. As opposed to the majority of patients with HCC, approximately 20–30% of cases of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-derived HCC develop malignant tumours in the absence of liver cirrhosis. NASH is characterized by metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation and cell death in the liver, which provide a favorable setting for the transformation of inflammation into cancer. This review aims to describe the pathogenesis and the underlying mechanism of the transition from inflammation to cancer in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Hepatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Nadia Johnson
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Centre of Research for Traditional Chinese Medicine Digestive, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Sapidolide A alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2016-2025. [PMID: 35022542 PMCID: PMC9343373 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI), a major cause of acute liver failure or even death. Sapidolide A (SA) is a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., a folk medicine used in China to treat inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether SA exerted protective effects on macrophages, thus alleviated the secondary hepatocyte damage in an AILI. We showed that SA (5-20 μM) suppressed the phosphorylated activation of NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting the expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis in LPS/ATP-treated mouse bone marrow-derived primary macrophages (BMDMs). In human hepatic cell line L02 co-cultured with BMDMs, SA (10 μM) protected macrophages from the pyroptosis induced by APAP-damaged L02 cells. Moreover, SA treatment reduced the secondary liver cell damage aggravated by the conditioned medium (CM) taken from LPS/ATP-treated macrophages. The in vivo assessments conducted on mice pretreated with SA (25, 50 mg/kg, ip) then with a single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg, ip) showed that SA significantly alleviated inflammatory responses of AILI by inhibiting the expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In general, the results reported herein revealed that SA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, which suggests that SA has great a potential for use in the treatment of AILI patients.
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Zhang J, Zhai H, Yu P, Shang D, Mo R, Li Z, Wang X, Lu J, Xie Q, Xiang X. Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Ameliorate CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Upregulating Peripheral Interleukin-22. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924464. [PMID: 35942221 PMCID: PMC9356225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCBMNCs) show therapeutic effects on many inflammatory diseases. The deterioration of acute liver injury is attributed to excessive inflammatory responses triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Whether hUCBMNCs treatment is a promising strategy for acute liver injury/failure needs to be investigated.Methods: Liver injury mice induced by PAMPs, DAMPs, or DAMPs plus PAMPs were developed. DAMPs included CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), APAP (acetaminophen), and ConA (Concanavalin A). PAMPs included Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.P.) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). DAMP plus PAMP-induced liver injury was developed by sequential CCl4 and K.P. administration. hUCBMNCs were injected intravenously.Results: hUCBMNCs significantly prolonged mice survival time in DAMP plus PAMP-induced liver failure but had no benefit in bacteria-infected mice. hUCBMNCs significantly alleviated hepatic necrosis post CCl4/ConA insult. In CCl4-induced acute liver injury, peripheral levels of interleukin (IL)-22 were upregulated and liver regeneration was enhanced after treating with hUCBMNCs at 48h. The levels of p62 and LC3B-II, autophagy markers, were also upregulated in the hUCBMNC-treated group.Conclusion: hUCBMNCs as a kind of cell therapeutic strategy could attenuate acute liver injury in mice, which is executed by enhancing autophagy and regeneration in the liver via inhibiting inflammatory responses and upregulating peripheral IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengben Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabao Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruidong Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Lu, ; Qing Xie, ; Xiaogang Xiang,
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Lu, ; Qing Xie, ; Xiaogang Xiang,
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Lu, ; Qing Xie, ; Xiaogang Xiang,
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Mohamed Kamel GA, Harahsheh E, Hussein S. Diacerein ameliorates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats via inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB and upregulating PPAR-γ signal. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5863-5874. [PMID: 35366176 PMCID: PMC8975726 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) is a worldwide antipyretic as well as an analgesic medication. It has been extensively utilized during the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). APAP misuse would lead to liver injury. Diacerein (DIA), an anthraquinone derivative, has antioxidant and inflammatory properties. Hence, this study attempted to evaluate the impact of DIA treatment on liver injury induced by APAP and its influence on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) /toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/high mobility group box-1(HMGB-1) signaling as well as the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. METHODS Male albino rats received 25 as well as 50 mg/kg/day DIA orally for seven days. One hour after the last administration, rats received APAP (1gm/kg, orally). For histopathological analysis, liver tissues and blood were collected, immunohistochemical (IHC) assay, biochemical assay, as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS DIA markedly reduced liver injury markers and ameliorated histopathological changes. Moreover, DIA dose-dependently alleviated oxidative stress status caused by APAP administration along with inflammatory markers, including the level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, DIA downregulated protein levels as well as mRNA of HMGB-1, TLR4, NF-κB p65 expression, and enhanced PPAR-γ expression. Moreover, DIA ameliorated apoptotic (Bax) and caspase-3 expressions and increased the anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) expression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that DIA exerts anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties against liver injury induced by APAP that is attributed to inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, besides upregulation of the expression of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellan Alaa Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11754, Egypt.
| | - Eman Harahsheh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Ramanathan R, Ali AH, Ibdah JA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Plays Central Role in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137280. [PMID: 35806284 PMCID: PMC9267060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global pandemic that affects one-quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD includes a spectrum of progressive liver disease from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis and can be complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. It is strongly associated with metabolic syndromes, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and it has been shown that metabolic dysregulation is central to its pathogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a more appropriate term to describe the disease than NAFLD, which puts increased emphasis on the important role of metabolic dysfunction in its pathogenesis. There is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and, more recently, a reduction in mitochondrial quality, have been suggested to play a major role in NAFLD development and progression. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of NAFLD and highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to its pathogenesis in both animal models and human subjects. Further we discuss evidence that the modification of mitochondrial function modulates NAFLD and that targeting mitochondria is a promising new avenue for drug development to treat NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ramanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ahmad Hassan Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Jamal A. Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-882-7349; Fax: +573-884-4595
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Bera C, Wong F. Management of hepatorenal syndrome in liver cirrhosis: a recent update. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221102679. [PMID: 35721838 PMCID: PMC9201357 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious form of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. It is an important component of the acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) syndrome. Significant recent changes in the understanding of the pathophysiology of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis include the role of inflammation in addition to hemodynamic changes. The term acute kidney injury (AKI) is now adopted to include all functional and structural forms of acute renal dysfunction in cirrhosis, with various stages describing the severity of the condition. Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS1) is renamed HRS-AKI, which is stage 2 AKI [doubling of baseline serum creatinine (sCr)] while fulfilling all other criteria of HRS1. Albumin is used for its volume expanding and anti-inflammatory properties to confirm the diagnosis of HRS-AKI. Vasoconstrictors are added to albumin as pharmacotherapy to improve the hemodynamics. Terlipressin, although not yet available in North America, is the most common vasoconstrictor used worldwide. Patients with high grade of ACLF treated with terlipressin are at risk for respiratory failure if there is pretreatment respiratory compromise. Norepinephrine is equally effective as terlipressin in reversing HRS1. Recent data show that norepinephrine may be administered outside the intensive care setting, but close monitoring is still required. There has been no improvement in overall or transplant-free survival shown with vasoconstrictor use, but response to vasoconstrictors with reduction in sCr is associated with improvement in survival. Non-responders to vasoconstrictor plus albumin will need liver transplantation as definite treatment with renal replacement therapy as a bridge therapy. Combined liver and kidney transplantation is recommended for patients with prolonged history of AKI, underlying chronic kidney disease or with hereditary renal conditions. Future developments, such as the use of biomarkers and metabolomics, may help to identify at risk patients with earlier diagnosis to allow for earlier treatment with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Bera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Wang J, Zhang L, Shi Q, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Targeting innate immune responses to attenuate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115142. [PMID: 35700755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is an important cause of acute liver failure, resulting in massive deaths in many developed countries. Currently, the metabolic process of APAP in the body has been well studied. However, the underlying mechanism of APAP-induced liver injury remains elusive. Increasing clinical and experimental evidences indicate that the innate immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI), in which immune cells have dual roles of inducing inflammation to exacerbate hepatotoxicity and removing dead cells and debris to help liver regeneration. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of innate immune cells involved in AILI, particularly emphasizing the activation of innate immune cells and their different roles during the injury and repair phases. Moreover, current available treatments are discussed according to the different roles of innate immune cells in the development of AILI. This review aims to update the knowledge about innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of AILI, and provide potential therapeutic interventions for AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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