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Rangel-Pozzo A, Dos Santos FF, Dettori T, Giulietti M, Frau DV, Galante PAF, Vanni R, Pathak A, Fischer G, Gartner J, Caria P, Mai S. Three-dimensional nuclear architecture distinguishes thyroid cancer histotypes. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1842-1853. [PMID: 37539710 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers can serve as diagnostic tools to support pathological analysis in thyroid neoplasms. However, because the same markers can be observed in some benign thyroid lesions, additional approaches are necessary to differentiate thyroid tumor subtypes, prevent overtreatment and tailor specific clinical management. This applies particularly to the recently described variant of thyroid cancer referred to as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). This variant has an estimated prevalence of 4.4% to 9.1% of all papillary thyroid carcinomas worldwide. We studied 60 thyroid lesions: 20 classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC), 20 follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC) and 20 NIFTP. We examined morphological and molecular features to identify parameters that can differentiate NIFTP from the other PTC subtypes. When blindly investigating the nuclear architecture of thyroid neoplasms, we observed that NIFTP has significantly longer telomeres than CPTC and FVPTC. Super-resolved 3D-structured illumination microscopy demonstrated that NIFTP is heterogeneous and that its nuclei contain more densely packed DNA and smaller interchromatin spaces than CPTC and FVPTC, a pattern that resembles normal thyroid tissue. These data are consistent with the observed indolent biological behavior and favorable prognosis associated with NIFTP, which lacks BRAFV600E mutations. Of note, next-generation thyroid oncopanel sequencing was unable to distinguish the thyroid cancer histotypes in our study cohort. In summary, our data suggest that 3D nuclear architecture can be a powerful analytical tool to diagnose and guide clinical management of NIFTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Filipe F Dos Santos
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tinuccia Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Vanni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alok Pathak
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gabor Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - John Gartner
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sabine Mai
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Sabokrouh A, Sadeghi Motlagh B, Atabi F. Study of anticancer effects of platinum levetiracetam and levetiracetam via cancer biomarkers genes expression on HepG2 cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9431-9439. [PMID: 37831345 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of some anticancer biomarkers such as telomerase and B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), microRNA-21(miRNA-21), and low expression FAS ligand (FASLG) are reported in many cancers. Some anticancer drugs such as Levetiracetam(Lev) produce their effects via the change of expression of these biomarkers. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of a new compound, Platinum Levetiracetam(Pt-Lev), gene expression of mentioned biomarkers on hepatocyte G2 (HepG2) cells compared to Lev. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, Human Dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) were used as the negative control group (group A) HepG2 cells were divided into three groups: untreated cancer cells as positive group (group B), groups C and D were treated with, Lev and Pt-Lev, respectively. After evaluating lethal concentration 50% (LC50) for the examined drugs using the MTT test, biomarker gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. No Apoptotic cell was found in groups C or D before drug treatment, but it was present using different concentrations of the drugs. Results indicated that telomerase and miRNA-21 genes expression was significantly lower and FASLG was higher in group D compared with group C but there was no significant difference for Bcl-2 expression between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, it was indicated that Pt-Lev has anticancer effects by inhibiting telomerase and Bcl-2 and miRNA-21 and increasing FASLG gene expression and its effects were more than Lev. It effectively exerted its anticancer effects by extending apoptosis on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Sabokrouh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Baharak Sadeghi Motlagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Atabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Antropova EA, Khlebodarova TM, Demenkov PS, Volianskaia AR, Venzel AS, Ivanisenko NV, Gavrilenko AD, Ivanisenko TV, Adamovskaya AV, Revva PM, Kolchanov NA, Lavrik IN, Ivanisenko VA. Reconstruction of the regulatory hypermethylation network controlling hepatocellular carcinoma development during hepatitis C viral infection. J Integr Bioinform 2023; 20:jib-2023-0013. [PMID: 37978846 PMCID: PMC10757076 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been associated with hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection as a potential risk factor. Nonetheless, the precise genetic regulatory mechanisms triggered by the virus, leading to virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, remain unclear. We hypothesized that HCV proteins might modulate the activity of aberrantly methylated HCC genes through regulatory pathways. Virus-host regulatory pathways, interactions between proteins, gene expression, transport, and stability regulation, were reconstructed using the ANDSystem. Gene expression regulation was statistically significant. Gene network analysis identified four out of 70 HCC marker genes whose expression regulation by viral proteins may be associated with HCC: DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID - 1 (ID1), flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). It suggested the following viral protein effects in HCV/human protein heterocomplexes: HCV NS3(p70) protein activates human STAT3 and NOTC1; NS2-3(p23), NS5B(p68), NS1(E2), and core(p21) activate SETD2; NS5A inhibits SMYD3; and NS3 inhibits CCN2. Interestingly, NS3 and E1(gp32) activate c-Jun when it positively regulates CDKN2A and inhibit it when it represses TERT. The discovered regulatory mechanisms might be key areas of focus for creating medications and preventative therapies to decrease the likelihood of HCC development during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara M. Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Artur S. Venzel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr D. Gavrilenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Timofey V. Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Adamovskaya
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Polina M. Revva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Inna N. Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir A. Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Saretzki G. Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9932. [PMID: 37373080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventeen papers published in 2019 and early 2020 demonstrate the ongoing interest and research concerning telomeres and telomerase in aging and cancer [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Saretzki
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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5
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Wang J, Wang K, Peng H, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Song M, Jiang G. Entropy-Driven Three-Dimensional DNA Nanofireworks for Simultaneous Real-Time Imaging of Telomerase and MicroRNA in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4138-4146. [PMID: 36790864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of different types of intracellular tumor-related biomarkers is of key importance for the identification of tumor cells. However, it is hampered by the low abundance of biomarkers, inefficient free diffusion of reactants, and complex cytoplasmic milieu. Herein, we present a stable and general method for in situ imaging of microRNA-21 and telomerase utilizing simple highly integrated dual tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) that can naturally enter cells, which could initiate to form the three-dimensional (3D) higher-order DNA superstructures (DNA nanofireworks, DNFs) through a reliable target-triggered entropy-driven strand displacement reaction in living cells for remarkable signal amplification. Importantly, the excellent biostability, biocompatibility, and sensitivity of this approach benefited from (i) the precise multidirectional arrangement of probes with a pure DNA structure and (ii) the local target concentration enhanced by the spatially confined microdomain inside the DNFs. This strategy provides a pivotal molecular toolbox for broad applications such as biomedical imaging and early precise cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Milton Keynes MK43 0AL, U.K
| | - Hanyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Milton Keynes MK43 0AL, U.K
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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6
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Hasanau TN, Pisarev EP, Kisil OV, Zvereva ME. The TERT Promoter: A Key Player in the Fight for Cancer Cell Immortality. Biochemistry Moscow 2023; 88:S21-S38. [PMID: 37069112 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792314002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the role of telomeres and telomerase in tumor progression, as well as various mechanisms of the activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in CNS tumors and other cancers. The main mechanism of TERT activation involves acquisition of somatic mutations by the TERT gene promoter (TERTp). The article presents information on the TERTp structure and transcription factors directly interacting with TERTp and regulating its transcription. The prospects of using the mutational status of TERTp as a prognostic marker of CNS malignancies and other tumors with a common profile of TERTp mutations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsimur N Hasanau
- Natural Compounds Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Eduard P Pisarev
- Natural Compounds Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Olga V Kisil
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Maria E Zvereva
- Natural Compounds Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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7
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Yuan X, Yuan H, Zhang N, Liu T, Xu D. Thyroid carcinoma-featured telomerase activation and telomere maintenance: Biology and translational/clinical significance. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1111. [PMID: 36394204 PMCID: PMC9670192 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of a catalytic component telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), internal RNA template and other co-factors, and its essential function is to synthesize telomeric DNA, repetitive TTAGGG sequences at the termini of linear chromosomes. Telomerase is silent in normal human follicular thyroid cells, primarily due to the TERT gene being tightly repressed. During the development and progression of thyroid carcinomas (TCs), TERT induction and telomerase activation is in general required to maintain telomere length, thereby conferring TC cells with immortal and aggressive phenotypes. METHODS The genomic alterations of the TERT loci including TERT promoter's gain-of-function mutations, copy number gain, fusion and rearrangements, have recently been identified in TCs as mechanisms to induce TERT expression and to activate telomerase. Importantly, numerous studies have consistently shown that TERT promoter mutations and TERT expression occur in all TC subtypes, and are robustly associated with TC malignancy, aggressiveness, treatment failure and poor outcomes. Therefore, the assessment of TERT promoter mutations and TERT expression is highly valuable in TC diagnostics, prognosis, treatment decision, and follow-up design. In addition, the TERT promoter is frequently hypermethylated in TC cells and tumors, which is required to activate TERT transcription and telomerase. Dysregulation of other components in the telomerase complex similarly upregulate telomerase. Moreover, shortened telomeres lead to altered gene expression and metabolism, thereby actively promoting TC aggressiveness. Here we summarize recent findings in TCs to provide the landscape of TC-featured telomere/telomerase biology and discuss underlying implications in TC precision medicine. CONCLUSION Mechanistic insights into telomerase activation and TERT induction in TCs are important both biologically and clinically. The TERT gene aberration and expression-based molecular classification of TCs is proposed, and for such a purpose, the standardization of the assay and evaluation system is required. Moreover, the TERT-based system and 2022 WHO TC classification may be combined to improve TC care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Yuan
- Laboratory Animal CenterShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Huiyang Yuan
- Department of UrologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast SurgeryGeneral Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of MedicineDivision of HematologyBioclinicum and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM)Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital SolnaStockholmSweden
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8
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Tsai WH, Zeng YH, Lee CC, Tsai MC. Mortality factors in recurrent parathyroid cancer: a pooled analysis. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:508-517. [PMID: 35184206 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parathyroid cancer is a rare disease with high recurrence rate. The prognostic factors for recurrent parathyroid cancer are yet to be ascertained. We aimed to establish the association between recurrent parathyroid cancer and previously reported prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a PubMed search using the keywords 'parathyroid cancer', 'parathyroid neoplasm', and 'hypercalcemia' during 1966-2019 and included 3272 articles. We focused on 73 patients with recurrent parathyroid cancer from 55 studies. We conducted a survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS For the 73 patients included in the analysis, the mean age (± standard deviation) was 44 ± 13.2 years, wherein 36 patients were women (49.3%). During the 5236 person-months at risk (mean follow-up 71.7 months, range 3-264), 38 patients died. The incidence of local recurrence, lymph-node metastasis, lung metastasis, and bone metastasis were 60.3, 12.3, 56.2, and 24.7, respectively. Bone metastasis, disease-free interval < 1 year, and total surgeries < 3 were significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis (log-rank test P = 0.0063, P = 0.0006, and P = 0.0056, respectively). In the multivariate-adjusted analysis, the mortality risk was significantly increased in patients with bone metastasis with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.83 (95% CI 1.16-20.2; P = 0.03), disease-free interval <=1 year of 5.92 (95% CI 1.85-18.99; P = 0.003), and total surgeries <3 of 11.29 (95% CI 2.82-45.22; P = 0.001), considering these as possible predictive prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Bone metastasis, duration of disease-free interval, and total number of surgeries predict survival in recurrent parathyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Zhongshan Dist, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yi-Hong Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Zhongshan Dist, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chun-Chuan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Zhongshan Dist, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Ming-Chieh Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Zhongshan Dist, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan (ROC).
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (ROC).
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9
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Siraj S, Masoodi T, Siraj AK, Azam S, Qadri Z, Parvathareddy SK, Bu R, Siddiqui KS, Al-Sobhi SS, AlDawish M, Al-Kuraya KS. APOBEC SBS13 Mutational Signature-A Novel Predictor of Radioactive Iodine Refractory Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061584. [PMID: 35326735 PMCID: PMC8946015 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard surgery followed by radioactive iodine (131I, RAI) therapy are not curative for 5−20% of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with RAI refractory disease. Early predictors indicating therapeutic response to RAI therapy in PTC are yet to be elucidated. Whole-exome sequencing was performed (at median depth 198x) on 66 RAI-refractory and 92 RAI-avid PTCs with patient-matched germline. RAI-refractory tumors were significantly associated with distinct aggressive clinicopathological features, including positive surgical margins (p = 0.016) and the presence of lymph node metastases at primary diagnosis (p = 0.012); higher nonsilent tumor mutation burden (p = 0.011); TERT promoter (TERTp) mutation (p < 0.0001); and the enrichment of the APOBEC-related single-base substitution (SBS) COSMIC mutational signatures 2 (p = 0.030) and 13 (p < 0.001). Notably, SBS13 (odds ratio [OR] 30.4, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.43−647.22) and TERTp mutation (OR 41.3, 95% CI 4.35−391.60) were revealed to be independent predictors of RAI refractoriness in PTC (p = 0.029 and 0.001, respectively). Although SBS13 and TERTp mutations alone highly predicted RAI refractoriness, when combined, they significantly increased the likelihood of predicting RAI refractoriness in PTC. This study highlights the APOBEC SBS13 mutational signature as a novel independent predictor of RAI refractoriness in a distinct subgroup of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Saud Azam
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Sandeep K. Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Khawar S. Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed AlDawish
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 261370, Riyadh 11342, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (A.K.S.); (S.A.); (Z.Q.); (S.K.P.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-112-055-2167
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10
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Bolin J. Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Cell-Derived Cancer: New Approaches and Treatment Strategies. J Nucl Med Technol 2021; 49:199-208. [PMID: 34244225 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.120.257105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid follicular epithelial cell-derived cancer includes papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, Hürthle cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Although the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over the past 30 years, there has not been a significant increase in patient mortality. Use of increasingly sensitive detection methods such as high-resolution imaging has enabled earlier detection and better characterization of the thyroid malignancies. In the past several years, researchers have evaluated genetic mutations promoting thyroid carcinogenesis and oncogenesis. The identification of genetic mutations is important in understanding tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, these identified mutations may also serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic indicators and therapeutic molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolin
- Nuclear Medicine Technology Program, GateWay Community College, Phoenix, Arizona
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Tong Y, Sun P, Yong J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Guo Y, Yu J, Zhou S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ji Q, Wang Y, Chang C. Radiogenomic Analysis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma for Prediction of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis: A Preliminary Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682998. [PMID: 34268116 PMCID: PMC8276635 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by frequent metastases to cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and the presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis has a significant impact on the surgical approach. Therefore, we established a radiomic signature to predict the CLN status of PTC patients using preoperative thyroid ultrasound, and investigated the association between the radiomic features and underlying molecular characteristics of PTC tumors. Methods In total, 270 patients were enrolled in this prospective study, and radiomic features were extracted according to multiple guidelines. A radiomic signature was built with selected features in the training cohort and validated in the validation cohort. The total protein extracted from tumor samples was analyzed with LC/MS and iTRAQ technology. Gene modules acquired by clustering were chosen for their diagnostic significance. A radiogenomic map linking radiomic features to gene modules was constructed with the Spearman correlation matrix. Genes in modules related to metastasis were extracted for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built to identify the hub genes in the modules. Finally, the screened hub genes were validated by immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The radiomic signature showed good performance for predicting CLN status in training and validation cohorts, with area under curve of 0.873 and 0.831 respectively. A radiogenomic map was created with nine significant correlations between radiomic features and gene modules, and two of them had higher correlation coefficient. Among these, MEmeganta representing the upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase and cell-cell adhesion was correlated with ‘Rectlike’ and ‘deviation ratio of tumor tissue and normal thyroid gland’ which reflect the margin and the internal echogenicity of the tumor, respectively. MEblue capturing cell-cell adhesion and glycolysis was associated with feature ‘minimum calcification area’ which measures the punctate calcification. The hub genes of the two modules were identified by protein-protein interaction network. Immunohistochemistry validated that LAMC1 and THBS1 were differently expressed in metastatic and non-metastatic tissues (p=0.003; p=0.002). And LAMC1 was associated with feature ‘Rectlike’ and ‘deviation ratio of tumor and normal thyroid gland’ (p<0.001; p<0.001); THBS1 was correlated with ‘minimum calcification area’ (p<0.001). Conclusions The radiomic signature proposed here has the potential to noninvasively predict the CLN status in PTC patients. Merging imaging phenotypes with genomic data could allow noninvasive identification of the molecular properties of PTC tumors, which might support clinical decision making and personalized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tong
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Peixuan Sun
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Yong
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Biosciences Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Yunxia Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichong Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Chang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Rangel-Pozzo A, Sisdelli L, Cordioli MIV, Vaisman F, Caria P, Mai S, Cerutti JM. Genetic Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nuclear Architecture: An Overview Comparing Pediatric and Adult Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3146. [PMID: 33120984 PMCID: PMC7693829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population that is highly associated with disease aggressiveness and advanced disease stages when compared to adult population. The biological and molecular features underlying pediatric and adult thyroid cancer pathogenesis could be responsible for differences in the clinical presentation and prognosis. Despite this, the clinical assessment and treatments used in pediatric thyroid cancer are the same as those implemented for adults and specific personalized target treatments are not used in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which represents 80-90% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. PTC has a high rate of gene fusions and mutations, which can influence the histologic subtypes in both children and adults. This review also highlights telomere-related genomic instability and changes in nuclear organization as novel biomarkers for thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Luiza Sisdelli
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.I.V.C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Maria Isabel V. Cordioli
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.I.V.C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Fernanda Vaisman
- Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-000, Brazil;
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Janete M. Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.I.V.C.); (J.M.C.)
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13
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Yuan X, Liu T, Xu D. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in thyroid carcinomas: implications in precision oncology-a narrative review. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:1244. [PMID: 33178776 PMCID: PMC7607115 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) as a catalytic component. In normal human follicular thyroid cells or thyrocytes, telomerase is silent due to the TERT gene being tightly repressed. However, during the formation of thyroid carcinoma (TC), telomerase becomes activated via TERT induction. The TERT promoter’s gain-of-function mutation has recently been identified in TCs and many other malignancies. The mutation creates a de novo ETS-binding motif through which TERT transcription is de-repressed and telomerase is activated; through this, the mutant TERT promoter promotes the development of TC, contributes to disease aggressiveness and treatment resistance, and thereby leads to poor patient outcomes. From a clinical point of view, the strong association between the TERT promoter mutation and disease malignancy and aggressiveness holds great promise for its value in TC diagnostics, risk stratification, prognostication, treatment decision, and follow-up design. In the present review article, we summarize the recent findings of studies of TERT promoter mutations in TC and underscore the implications of TERT hyperactivity driven by genetic events in the pathogenesis and management of TC. Finally, the targeting of TERT promoter mutations and the disruption of telomere maintenance are considered as potential therapeutic strategies against TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Yuan
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Solna, Sweden.,Karolinska Institute-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, China
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14
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Kwon JH, Yi JW. Correlation between telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA expression and survival of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 2020; 169:43-49. [PMID: 32641280 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations were recently found to be associated with poorer prognosis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Correlation between telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA expression and survival of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma has not been determined. METHODS Clinical information, somatic mutations, and RNA sequencing of 492 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Correlations between messenger RNA expression and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated. Recursive partitioning regression trees were used to find cutoffs predicting survival. Differentially expressed gene analysis was performed by Edge-R, and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.7 was used to pathway analysis. RESULTS Telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA expression was positively correlated with stages II and IV and high MACIS Prognostic Score for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Using a telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA level of 2.854 as a cutoff, patients with higher telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA expression showed poorer overall survival (hazard ratio = 20.7). The higher telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA group showed upregulation of 2,255 genes, with enrichment of carcinogenic pathways. CONCLUSION Higher telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA expression was associated with poorer survival in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and was a better predictor for death than telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations. Measuring telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA expression in thyroid cancer tissue may allow early identification of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with worse overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital & College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Yi
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital & College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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15
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Rusinek D, Pfeifer A, Cieslicka M, Kowalska M, Pawlaczek A, Krajewska J, Szpak-Ulczok S, Tyszkiewicz T, Halczok M, Czarniecka A, Zembala-Nozynska E, Chekan M, Lamch R, Handkiewicz-Junak D, Ledwon A, Paliczka-Cieslik E, Kropinska A, Jarzab B, Oczko-Wojciechowska M. TERT Promoter Mutations and Their Impact on Gene Expression Profile in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1597. [PMID: 32560331 PMCID: PMC7352936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutations are related to a worse prognosis in various malignancies, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Since mechanisms responsible for the poorer outcome of TERTp(+) patients are still unknown, searching for molecular consequences of TERTp mutations in PTC was the aim of our study. METHODS The studied cohort consisted of 54 PTCs, among them 24 cases with distant metastases. BRAF V600E, RAS, and TERTp mutational status was evaluated in all cases. Differences in gene expression profile between TERTp(+) and TERTp(-) PTCs were examined using microarrays. The evaluation of signaling pathways and gene ontology was based on the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. RESULTS Fifty-nine percent (32/54) of analyzed PTCs were positive for at least one mutation: 27 were BRAF(+), among them eight were TERTp(+), and 1 NRAS(+), whereas five other samples harbored RAS mutations. Expression of four genes significantly differed in BRAF(+)TERTp(+) and BRAF(+)TERTp(-) PTCs. Deregulation of pathways involved in key cell processes was observed. CONCLUSIONS TERTp mutations are related to higher PTC aggressiveness. CRABP2 gene was validated as associated with TERTp mutations. However, its potential use in diagnostics or risk stratification in PTC patients needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Rusinek
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Pfeifer
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Marta Cieslicka
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Malgorzata Kowalska
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Agnieszka Pawlaczek
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Jolanta Krajewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Tomasz Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Monika Halczok
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Agnieszka Czarniecka
- Department of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Ewa Zembala-Nozynska
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (E.Z.-N.); (M.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Mykola Chekan
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (E.Z.-N.); (M.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Roman Lamch
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (E.Z.-N.); (M.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Daria Handkiewicz-Junak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Ledwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Ewa Paliczka-Cieslik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Kropinska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (J.K.); (S.S.-U.); (D.H.-J.); (A.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.P.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (M.O.-W.)
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16
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Tribulova N, Kurahara LH, Hlivak P, Hirano K, Szeiffova Bacova B. Pro-Arrhythmic Signaling of Thyroid Hormones and Its Relevance in Subclinical Hyperthyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082844. [PMID: 32325836 PMCID: PMC7215427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A perennial task is to prevent the occurrence and/or recurrence of most frequent or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). VF may be lethal in cases without an implantable cardioverter defibrillator or with failure of this device. Incidences of AF, even the asymptomatic ones, jeopardize the patient's life due to its complication, notably the high risk of embolic stroke. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in subclinical AF screening and searching for novel electrophysiological and molecular markers. Considering the worldwide increase in cases of thyroid dysfunction and diseases, including thyroid carcinoma, we aimed to explore the implication of thyroid hormones in pro-arrhythmic signaling in the pathophysiological setting. The present review provides updated information about the impact of altered thyroid status on both the occurrence and recurrence of cardiac arrhythmias, predominantly AF. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of both thyroid status monitoring and AF screening in the general population, as well as in patients with thyroid dysfunction and malignancies. Real-world data on early AF identification in relation to thyroid function are scarce. Even though symptomatic AF is rare in patients with thyroid malignancies, who are under thyroid suppressive therapy, clinicians should be aware of potential interaction with asymptomatic AF. It may prevent adverse consequences and improve the quality of life. This issue may be challenging for an updated registry of AF in clinical practice. Thyroid hormones should be considered a biomarker for cardiac arrhythmias screening and their tailored management because of their multifaceted cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (B.S.B.); Tel.: +421-2-32295-423 (B.S.B.)
| | - Lin Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 76 0793, Japan; (L.H.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Peter Hlivak
- Department of Arrhythmias and Pacing, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83348 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 76 0793, Japan; (L.H.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (B.S.B.); Tel.: +421-2-32295-423 (B.S.B.)
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17
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Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, La Motta C, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Vita R, Benvenga S, Materazzi G, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. Novel treatments for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg 2020; 9:S28-S42. [PMID: 32055496 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and it is less than 2% of thyroid carcinomas (TCs). The standard treatment of ATC includes surgical debulking, accelerated hyperfractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and chemotherapy, in particular with cisplatin or doxorubicin, achieving about 10 months of median survival. Since ATC is a rare and aggressive tumor, it is still challenging to predict the patient clinical therapy responsiveness. Several genetic mutations have been described in ATC, involved in different molecular pathways linked to tumor progression, and novel therapies acting on these molecular pathways have been investigated, to improve the quality of life in these patients. Here we review the new targeted therapy of ATC. We report interesting results obtained with molecules targeting different pathways: angiogenesis (vandetanib, combretastatin, sorafenib, lenvatinib, sunitinib, CLM94, CLM3, etc.); EGFR (gefitinib, docetaxel); BRAF (dabrafenib/trametinib, vemurafenib); PPARγ agonists (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, efatutazone); PD-1 and PD-L1 (pembrolizumab); TERT. To escape resistance to monotherapies, the evaluation of combination strategies with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted drugs is ongoing. The results of clinical trials with dabrafenib and trametinib led to the approval from FDA of this combination for patients with BRAF V600E mutated ATC with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic ATC. The anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy, alone or combined with a BRAF inhibitor, has been shown also promising in the treatment of ATC. Furthermore, to increase the therapeutic success and not to use ineffective or even harmful treatments, a real tailored therapy should be pursued, and this can be achieved thanks to the new available genomic analysis methods and to the possibility to test in vitro novel treatments directly in primary cells from each ATC patient. Exploring new treatment strategies is mandatory to improve the survival of these patients, guaranteeing a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program on Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Barros-Filho MC, de Mello JBH, Marchi FA, Pinto CAL, da Silva IC, Damasceno PKF, Soares MBP, Kowalski LP, Rogatto SR. GADD45B Transcript Is a Prognostic Marker in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Treated With Total Thyroidectomy and Radioiodine Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:269. [PMID: 32425887 PMCID: PMC7203742 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of efficient recurrence prediction methods for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we enrolled 202 PTC patients submitted to total thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy with long-term follow-up (median = 10.7 years). The patients were classified as having favorable clinical outcome (PTC-FCO, no disease in the follow-up) or recurrence (PTC-RE). Alterations in BRAF, RAS, RET, and TERT were investigated (n = 202) and the transcriptome of 48 PTC (>10 years of follow-up) samples was profiled. Although no mutation was associated with the recurrence risk, 68 genes were found as differentially expressed in PTC-RE compared to PTC-FCO. Pathway analysis highlighted a potential role of cancer-related pathways, including signal transduction and FoxO signaling. Among the eight selected genes evaluated by RT-qPCR, SLC2A4 and GADD45B showed down-expression exclusively in the PTC-FCO group compared to non-neoplastic tissues (NT). Increased expression of GADD45B was an independent marker of shorter disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI95) 1.2-7.0] in our cohort and with overall survival in the TCGA dataset (HR = 4.38, CI95 1.2-15.5). In conclusion, GADD45B transcript was identified as a novel prognostic marker candidate in PTC patients treated with total thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy
- Thyroidectomy/mortality
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus C. Barros-Filho
- International Research Center–CIPE, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mateus C. Barros-Filho
| | - Julia B. H. de Mello
- International Research Center–CIPE, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Marchi
- International Research Center–CIPE, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Milena B. P. Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Health Technology Institute, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luiz P. Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle University Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Silvia R. Rogatto
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19
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Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase and is essential for telomerase activity. Upregulation of TERT expression and resulting telomerase activity occurs in the large majority of malignancies, including thyroid cancer. This upregulation results in continued cellular proliferation and avoidance of cellular senescence and cell death. In this review we will briefly introduce TERT and telomerase activity as it pertains to thyroid cancer and, highlight the effects of TERT on cancer cells. We will also explore in detail the different TERT regulatory strategies and how TERT is reactivated in thyroid cancer cells, specifically. These regulatory mechanisms include both activating single base pair TERT promoter mutations and epigenetic changes at the promoter, including changes in CpG methylation and histone modifications that affect chromatin structure. Further, regulation includes the allele-specific regulation of the TERT promoter in thyroid cancer cells harboring the TERT promoter mutation. These entail allele-specific transcriptional activator binding, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and mono-allelic expression of TERT. Lastly, TERT copy number alterations and alternative splicing are also implicated. Both amplifications of the TERT locus and increased full-length transcripts and decreased inactive and dominant negative isoforms result in active telomerase. Finally, the clinical significance of TERT in thyroid cancer is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. McKelvey
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher B. Umbricht
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martha A. Zeiger
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Martha A. Zeiger
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