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Liu L, Zhang X, Geng HR, Qiao YN, Gui YH, Zhao JY. High paternal homocysteine causes ventricular septal defects in mouse offspring. iScience 2024; 27:109447. [PMID: 38523790 PMCID: PMC10960133 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is widely considered as an independent risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, whether high paternal homocysteine causes CHD remains unknown. Here, we showed that increased homocysteine levels of male mice caused decreased sperm count, sperm motility defect and ventricular septal defect of the offspring. Moreover, high levels of paternal homocysteine decrease sperm DNMT3A/3B, accompanied with changes in DNA methylation levels in the promoter regions of CHD-related genes. Folic acid supplement could decrease the occurrence of VSD in high homocysteine male mice. This study reveals that increased paternal homocysteine level increases VSD risk in the offspring, indicating that decreasing paternal homocysteine may be an intervening target of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute Fudan University, Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute Fudan University, Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hao-Ran Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ya-Nan Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong-Hao Gui
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute Fudan University, Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Witucki Ł, Perła-Kaján J, Jakubowski H. Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia causes sex-dependent deficiencies in offspring musculature and brain function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1322844. [PMID: 38559811 PMCID: PMC10979824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1322844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), characterized by elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, is a known risk factor for cardiovascular, renal, and neurological diseases, as well as pregnancy complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether HHcy induced by a high-methionine (high-Met) diet exacerbates cognitive and behavioral deficits in offspring and leads to other breeding problems. Dietary HHcy was induced four weeks before mating and continued throughout gestation and post-delivery. A battery of behavioral tests was conducted on offspring between postnatal days (PNDs) 5 and 30 to assess motor function/activity and cognition. The results were correlated with brain morphometric measurements and quantitative analysis of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy markers. The high-Met diet significantly increased parental and offspring urinary tHcy levels and influenced offspring behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Female offspring exhibited impaired cognition, potentially related to morphometric changes observed exclusively in HHcy females. Male HHcy pups demonstrated muscle weakness, evidenced by slower surface righting, reduced hind limb suspension (HLS) hanging time, weaker grip strength, and decreased activity in the beaker test. Western blot analyses indicated the downregulation of autophagy and the upregulation of mTOR activity in HHcy cortexes. HHcy also led to breeding impairments, including reduced breeding rate, in-utero fetal death, lower pups' body weight, and increased mortality, likely attributed to placental dysfunction associated with HHcy. In conclusion, a high-Met diet impairs memory and cognition in female juveniles and weakens muscle strength in male pups. These effects may stem from abnormal placental function affecting early neurogenesis, the dysregulation of autophagy-related pathways in the cortex, or epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation triggered by HHcy during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Perła-Kaján
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, United States
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Lioudyno VI, Tsymbalova EA, Chernyavskaya EA, Scripchenko EY, Bisaga GN, Dmitriev AV, Abdurasulova IN. Association of Increased Homocysteine Levels with Impaired Folate Metabolism and Vitamin B Deficiency in Early-Onset Multiple Sclerosis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2024; 89:562-573. [PMID: 38648773 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The contents of homocysteine (HCy), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), folic acid (vitamin B9), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) were analyzed and the genotypes of the main gene polymorphisms associated with folate metabolism (C677T and A1298C of the MTHFR gene, A2756G of the MTR gene and A66G of the MTRR gene) were determined in children at the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) (with disease duration of no more than six months), healthy children under 18 years (control group), healthy adults without neurological pathology, adult patients with MS at the onset of disease, and adult patients with long-term MS. A significant increase in the HCy levels was found in children at the MS onset compared to healthy children of the corresponding age. It was established that the content of HCy in children has a high predictive value. At the same time, an increase in the HCy levels was not accompanied by the deficiency of vitamins B6, B9, and B12 in the blood. The lack of correlation between the laboratory signs of vitamin deficiency and HCy levels may be due to the polymorphic variants of folate cycle genes. An increased HCy level should be considered as a marker of functional disorders of folate metabolism accompanying the development of pathological process in pediatric MS. Our finding can be used to develop new approaches to the prevention of demyelination in children and treatment of pediatric MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Y Scripchenko
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Gennadij N Bisaga
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia
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Bai B, Wan C, Xiao Z, Li D, Liu L, Zhang K, Zhang T, Zhang Q. High Homocysteine-Thiolactone Leads to Reduced MENIN Protein Expression and an Impaired DNA Damage Response: Implications for Neural Tube Defects. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04033-7. [PMID: 38386135 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and neural tube defects (NTDs). Additionally, HHcy is a risk factor for NTDs. Therefore, this study examined whether DNA damage is involved in HHcy-induced NTDs and investigated the underlying pathological mechanisms involved. Embryonic day 9 (E9) mouse neuroectoderm cells (NE4C) and homocysteine-thiolactone (HTL, active metabolite of Hcy)-induced NTD chicken embryos were studied by Western blotting, immunofluorescence. RNA interference or gene overexpression techniques were employed to investigate the impact of Menin expression changes on the DNA damage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the epigenetic regulation of histone modifications. An increase in γH2AX (a DNA damage indicator) was detected in HTL-induced NTD chicken embryos and HTL-treated NE4C, accompanied by dysregulation of phospho-Atr-Chk1-nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Further investigation, based on previous research, revealed that disruption of NER was subject to the epigenetic regulation of low-expressed Menin-H3K4me3. Overexpression of Menin or supplementation with folic acid in HTL-treated NE4C reversed the adverse effects caused by high HTL. Additionally, by overexpressing the Mars gene, we tentatively propose a mechanism whereby HTL regulates Menin expression through H3K79hcy, which subsequently influences H3K4me3 modifications, reflecting an interaction between histone modifications. Finally, in 10 human fetal NTDs with HHcy, we detected a decrease in the expression of Menin-H3K4me3 and disorder in the NER pathway, which to some extent validated our proposed mechanism. The present study demonstrated that the decreased expression of Menin in high HTL downregulated H3K4me3 modifications, further weakening the Atr-Chk1-NER pathway, resulting in the occurrence of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Bai
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chunlei Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Zonghui Xiao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Andrews SG, Koehle AM, Paudel D, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Singh V, Bottiglieri T, Castro R. Diet-Induced Severe Hyperhomocysteinemia Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression and Dysregulates the Plasma Metabolome in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:330. [PMID: 38337615 PMCID: PMC10856797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the US. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), or the accumulation of the intermediate amino acid homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the intricate biological processes mediating this effect remain elusive. Several factors regulate homocysteine levels, including the activity of several enzymes and adequate levels of their coenzymes, including pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6), folate (vitamin B9), and methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). To better understand the biological influence of HHcy on the development and progression of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE-/- mice), a model for human atherosclerosis, were fed a hyperhomocysteinemic diet (low in methyl donors and B vitamins) (HHD) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks, the plasma, aorta, and liver were collected to quantify methylation metabolites, while plasma was also used for a broad targeted metabolomic analysis. Aortic plaque burden in the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) was quantified via 14T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A severe accumulation of plasma and hepatic homocysteine and an increased BCA plaque burden were observed, thus confirming the atherogenic effect of the HHD. Moreover, a decreased methylation capacity in the plasma and aorta, indirectly assessed by the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH) was detected in HHD mice together with a 172-fold increase in aortic cystathionine levels, indicating increased flux through the transsulfuration pathway. Betaine and its metabolic precursor, choline, were significantly decreased in the livers of HHD mice versus CD mice. Widespread changes in the plasma metabolome of HHD mice versus CD animals were detected, including alterations in acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, triacylglycerol levels, and several indicators of dysfunctional lipid metabolism. This study confirms the relevance of severe HHcy in the progression of vascular plaque and suggests novel metabolic pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Andrews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Anthony M. Koehle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA;
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Rai V, Patel N, Mammen SR, Chaudhary SM, Arshad S, Munazzam SW. Futuristic Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cureus 2023; 15:e49738. [PMID: 38161868 PMCID: PMC10757589 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation and joint destruction, leading to significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Although significant progress has been made in the management of RA over the past few decades, many patients still fail to respond adequately to currently available therapies. This article aims to review the current landscape of RA treatment and explore potential novel therapeutic approaches that hold promise for the future. Advances in our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease have led to the identification of new targets and the development of innovative treatment strategies. This review focuses on emerging therapies including small molecule inhibitors, targeted biologics, cell-based therapies, and gene editing technologies that have shown potential in preclinical and early clinical trials. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of these new approaches in the treatment of RA. By elucidating the future of novel therapeutic approaches, this article provides insights that can guide clinicians and researchers in their efforts to improve outcomes for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramaditya Rai
- Orthopedics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, IND
| | - Nirmal Patel
- Internal Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, Saint George's, GRD
| | - Simi R Mammen
- Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, BGR
| | - Sachin M Chaudhary
- Internal Medicine, Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Sanan Arshad
- Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PAK
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Li YY, Xu J, Sun XC, Li HY, Mu K. Characteristics, differential diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia in newborns. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104836. [PMID: 37673299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate, clinical phenotype, gene variation spectrum, and prognosis of neonatal hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and explore its diagnosis, individualised treatment, and prevention strategies. METHODS We screened 84722 neonates for HHcy using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with biochemical detection, urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for gene analysis to comprehensively differentiate and diagnose diseases. RESULTS 18 children (P1-P18) were diagnosed with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and HHcy, and fourteen known and one new variant of the MMACHC gene were found. Five children showed poor mental reactions, brain dysplasia, lethargy, hyperbilirubinemia, and jaundice, whereas the other 13 children had no evident abnormalities. These children were all cobalamin- and folic acid-reactive types, and they were mainly supplemented with cobalamin, L-carnitine, betaine, and folic acid. The mother of P12 had a prenatal diagnosis at the next pregnancy; the results showed that MMACHC gene was not pathogenic and she gave birth to a healthy baby. One child (P19) was diagnosed with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency, and one new mutation was detected in the MTHFR gene. Patient P19 showed congenital brain dysplasia, neonatal anaemia, and hyperbilirubinemia, and treatment consisted mainly of betaine and cobalamin supplementation. One child (P20) was confirmed to have methionine adenosyltransferase I (MAT I) deficiency but had no clinical manifestations. After treatment, all the children had a good prognosis. CONCLUSION The incidence of neonatal HHcy in the Zibo area was 1/4236, and the common pathogenic variants were c.609G>A, c.80A>G, and c.482G>A in the MMACHC gene. Patients with HHcy can achieve a good prognosis if pathogenic factors and targeted treatment are identified. Gene analysis and prenatal diagnosis contribute to the early prevention of HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Kai Mu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China.
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Lechner L, Opitz R, Silver MJ, Krabusch PM, Prentice AM, Field MS, Stachelscheid H, Leitão E, Schröder C, Fernandez Vallone V, Horsthemke B, Jöckel KH, Schmidt B, Nöthen MM, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Kleyn PW, Megges M, Blume-Peytavi U, Weiss K, Mai K, Blankenstein O, Obermayer B, Wiegand S, Kühnen P. Early-set POMC methylation variability is accompanied by increased risk for obesity and is addressable by MC4R agonist treatment. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg1659. [PMID: 37467315 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points toward epigenetic variants as a risk factor for developing obesity. We analyzed DNA methylation of the POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) gene, which is pivotal for satiety regulation. We identified sex-specific and nongenetically determined POMC hypermethylation associated with a 1.4-fold (confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.04) increased individual risk of developing obesity. To investigate the early embryonic establishment of POMC methylation states, we established a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) model. Here, hESCs (WA01) were transferred into a naïve state, which was associated with a reduction of DNA methylation. Naïve hESCs were differentiated via a formative state into POMC-expressing hypothalamic neurons, which was accompanied by re-establishment of DNA methylation patterning. We observed that reduced POMC gene expression was associated with increased POMC methylation in POMC-expressing neurons. On the basis of these findings, we treated POMC-hypermethylated obese individuals (n = 5) with an MC4R agonist and observed a body weight reduction of 4.66 ± 2.16% (means ± SD) over a mean treatment duration of 38.4 ± 26.0 weeks. In summary, we identified an epigenetic obesity risk variant at the POMC gene fulfilling the criteria for a metastable epiallele established in early embryonic development that may be addressable by MC4R agonist treatment to reduce body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lechner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matt J Silver
- Medical Research Council Unit, Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, PO Box 273, Gambia
| | - Philipp M Krabusch
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit, Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Banjul, PO Box 273, Gambia
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Berlin Institute of Health, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH Core Unit Stem Cells and Organoids, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elsa Leitão
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Valeria Fernandez Vallone
- Berlin Institute of Health, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH Core Unit Stem Cells and Organoids, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Megges
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Venerology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Weiss
- Klinik für Angeborene Herzfehler - Kinderkardiologie, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Blankenstein
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI), Berlin Institute of Health/Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Accelerated Aging: The Pathogenic Role of Increased Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis, Osteoporosis, and Neurodegeneration. Cureus 2023; 15:e42259. [PMID: 37605676 PMCID: PMC10440097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, seemingly unrelated disorders that occur with advanced age, share major pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis and bone loss. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is among these mechanisms that can cause both vascular and bone disease. In its more severe form, hHcy can present early in life as homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolic pathways of the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. In its milder forms, hHcy may go undiagnosed and untreated into adulthood. As such, hHcy may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, thrombophilia, and neurodegeneration, collectively representing accelerated aging. Multiple trials to lower cardiovascular risk and improve bone density with homocysteine-lowering agents, yet none has proven to be clinically meaningful. To understand this unmet clinical need, this review will provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of vascular and bone disease in hHcy, using homocystinuria as a model for accelerated atherosclerosis and bone density loss, a model for accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alkaissi
- Internal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Endocrinology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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Arutjunyan AV, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Kerkeshko GO, Zalozniaia IV. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Effects of Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Functional State of Placenta and Nervous System Plasticity in the Offspring. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:435-456. [PMID: 37080931 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
According to modern view, susceptibility to diseases, specifically to cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, can form during embryonic development. Adverse factors affecting mother during the pregnancy increase the risk of developing pathologies. Despite the association between elevated maternal blood homocysteine (Hcy) and fetal brain impairments, as well as cognitive deficits in the offspring, the role of brain plasticity in the development of these pathologies remains poorly studied. Here, we review the data on the negative impact of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the neural plasticity, in particular, its possible influence on the offspring brain plasticity through epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in intracellular methylation potential, activity of DNA methyltransferases, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in brain cells. Since placenta plays a key role in the transport of nutrients and transmission of signals from mother to fetus, its dysfunction due to aberrant epigenetic regulation can affect the development of fetal CNS. The review also presents the data on the impact of maternal HHcy on the epigenetic regulation in the placenta. The data presented in the review are not only interesting from purely scientific point of view, but can help in understanding the role of HHcy and epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as pregnancy pathologies resulting in the delayed development of fetal brain, cognitive impairments in the offspring during childhood, and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders later in life, as well as in the search for approaches for their prevention using neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yulia P Milyutina
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Shcherbitskaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Guéant JL, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Oussalah A, Zuily S, Rosenberg I. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting Observational Studies and Clinical Trials. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:270-282. [PMID: 36170884 DOI: 10.1055/a-1952-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic manifestations are relatively frequent in patients with intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia (>30 µmol/L) related to inherited disorders and deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate. In contrast, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (15-30 µmol/L) is a modest predictor of cardiovascular risk. The recognition of homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor has been challenged by some but not all randomized clinical trials. We reviewed the main data of this controversy and formulated conclusions to be translated in clinical practice.Homocysteine-lowering trials have been performed in cardiovascular subjects with moderate but not intermediate/severe hyperhomocysteinemia despite the dose-effect risk association. The first meta-analyses found no benefit and led cardiology societies not recommending homocysteine in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. This guideline challenged the need to diagnose and treat the nutritional and genetic causes of intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia and was not revised when larger meta-analyses concluded to a reduced risk of stroke. In a recent observational study, 84% of consecutive cardiovascular patients assessed for homocysteine had intermediate or major hyperhomocysteinemia, which was properly assessed in only half of the cases and related to B12 and/or folate deficiency and Addison/Biermer disease in 55% of these cases.In conclusion, revisiting observational studies and clinical trials suggests that cardiovascular patients should be screened for hyperhomocysteinemia, when no other risk factor is found. Patients with intermediate/major hyperhomocysteinemia should be properly assessed and treated for B vitamin deficiencies and inherited disorders according to current guidelines. Further trials are needed to assess the effect of lowering homocysteine according to hyperhomocysteinemia categories at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Guéant
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Departments of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France.,INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center for Rare Auto-Immune Diseases, INSERM UMR_S 1116 DCAC and CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Irwin Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Witucki Ł, Borowczyk K, Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Warzych E, Pawlak P, Jakubowski H. Deletion of the Homocysteine Thiolactone Detoxifying Enzyme Bleomycin Hydrolase, in Mice, Causes Memory and Neurological Deficits and Worsens Alzheimer's Disease-Related Behavioral and Biochemical Traits in the 5xFAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1735-1755. [PMID: 37718819 PMCID: PMC10578231 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH), a homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone detoxifying enzyme, is attenuated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Blmh loss causes astrogliosis in mice while the loss of histone demethylase Phf8, which controls mTOR signaling, causes neuropathy in mice and humans. OBJECTIVE To examine how Blmh gene deletion affects the Phf8/H4K20me1/mTOR/autophagy pathway, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, and cognitive/neuromotor performance in mice. METHODS We generated a new mouse model of AD, the Blmh-/-5xFAD mouse. Behavioral assessments were conducted by cognitive/neuromotor testing. Blmh and Phf8 genes were silenced in mouse neuroblastoma N2a-APPswe cells by RNA interference. mTOR- and autophagy-related proteins, and AβPP were quantified by western blotting and the corresponding mRNAs by RT-qPCR. Aβ was quantified by western blotting (brains) and by confocal microscopy (cells). RESULTS Behavioral testing showed cognitive/neuromotor deficits in Blmh-/- and Blmh-/-5xFAD mice. Phf8 was transcriptionally downregulated in Blmh-/- and Blmh-/-5xFAD brains. H4K20me1, mTOR, phospho-mTOR, and AβPP were upregulated while autophagy markers Becn1, Atg5, and Atg7 were downregulated in Blmh-/- and Blmh-/-5xFAD brains. Aβ was elevated in Blmh-/-5xFAD brains. These biochemical changes were recapitulated in Blmh-silenced N2a-APPswe cells, which also showed increased H4K20me1-mTOR promoter binding and impaired autophagy flux (Lc3-I, Lc3-II, p62). Phf8-silencing or treatments with Hcy-thiolactone or N-Hcy-protein, metabolites elevated in Blmh-/- mice, induced biochemical changes in N2a-APPswe cells like those induced by the Blmh-silencing. However, Phf8-silencing elevated Aβ without affecting AβPP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that Blmh interacts with AβPP and the Phf8/H4K20me1/mTOR/autophagy pathway, and that disruption of those interactions causes Aβ accumulation and cognitive/neuromotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kamila Borowczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
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Piechocka J, Głowacki R. Up-to-date knowledge about analytical methods for homocysteine thiolactone determination in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Szukiewicz D, Trojanowski S, Kociszewska A, Szewczyk G. Modulation of the Inflammatory Response in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Searching for Epigenetic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314663. [PMID: 36498989 PMCID: PMC9736994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Despite its incidence, the syndrome is poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed, and female patients are diagnosed with a delay. The heterogenous nature of this complex disorder results from the combined occurrence of genetic, environmental, endocrine, and behavioral factors. Primary clinical manifestations of PCOS are derived from the excess of androgens (anovulation, polycystic ovary morphology, lack of or scanty, irregular menstrual periods, acne and hirsutism), whereas the secondary manifestations include multiple metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders. Dietary and lifestyle factors play important roles in the development and course of PCOS, which suggests strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Many studies have shown a strong association between PCOS and chronic, low-grade inflammation both in the ovarian tissue and throughout the body. In the vast majority of PCOS patients, elevated values of inflammatory markers or their gene markers have been reported. Development of the vicious cycle of the chronic inflammatory state in PCOS is additionally stimulated by hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNA levels are presented in this review in the context of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory signaling in PCOS. Epigenetic modulation of androgenic activity in response to inflammatory signaling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Seweryn Trojanowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kociszewska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Griñán R, Escolà-gil JC, Julve J, Benítez S, Rotllan N. Epigenetic Regulation by microRNAs in Hyperhomocysteinemia-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12452. [PMID: 36293305 PMCID: PMC9604464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is specifically linked to various diseases of the vasculature such as atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms by which Hcy contributes to this condition remain elusive. During the development of atherosclerosis, epigenetic modifications influence gene expression. As such, epigenetic modifications are an adaptive response to endogenous and exogenous factors that lead to altered gene expression by methylation and acetylation reactions of different substrates and the action of noncoding RNA including microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic remodeling modulates cell biology in both physiological and physiopathological conditions. DNA and histone modification have been identified to have a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the potential role of miRNAs in hyperHcy (HHcy)-related atherosclerosis disease remains poorly explored and might be essential as well. There is no review available yet summarizing the contribution of miRNAs to hyperhomocystein-mediated atherogenicity or their potential as therapeutic targets even though their important role has been described in numerous studies. Specifically, downregulation of miR-143 or miR-125b has been shown to regulate VSCMs proliferation in vitro. In preclinical studies, downregulation of miR-92 or miR195-3p has been shown to increase the accumulation of cholesterol in foam cells and increase macrophage inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation, respectively. Another preclinical study found that there is a reciprocal regulation between miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. Interestingly, a couple of studies have shown that miR-143 or miR-217 may be used as potential biomarkers in patients with HHcy that may develop atherosclerosis. Moreover, the current review will also update current knowledge on miRNA-based therapies, their challenges, and approaches to deal with Hcy-induced atherosclerosis.
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D'Alessandro A, Di Felice G, Manco M, Pastore A, Pezzi S, Mariani M, Fintini D, Onetti Muda A, Porzio O. Study of the Association between Thiols and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:3637. [PMID: 36079892 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and the World Health Organization defined childhood overweight and obesity as a noncommunicable disease that represents the most serious public health challenges of the twenty-first century. Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants causing an impairment of the redox signals, is linked to the development of metabolic diseases. In addition, reactive oxygen species generated during metabolic disorder could increase inflammation, causing the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We analyze serum levels of cysteine (Cys), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), and other markers of oxidative stress, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T-BARS), 8-isoprostane, and protein carbonyl in our children with obesity. Total antioxidant status was also determined. We found lower GSH and Cys-Gly levels, and higher Hcy and oxidative stress markers levels. We also found a positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI), Cys, GSH, and Hcy levels, between insulin and Cys levels, and between BMI and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with 8-isoprostane levels. Finally, we found a correlation between age and GSH and Cys levels. The deficiency of GSH could be restored by dietary supplementation with GSH precursors, supplying an inexpensive approach to oppose oxidative stress, thus avoiding obesity complications.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common form of dementia, has been reported to influence 27 million individuals globally. Several risk factors including oxidative stress, gut microbiota imbalance, and cognitive activity are reported to be closely associated with the initiation or progression of AD. Although miR-483-3p was identified to be downregulated in AD patient serum. However, the biological role and mechanism of miR-483-3p remained unknown in AD. Here, we explored the role of miR-483-3p in AD. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with homocysteine (Hcy) to establish an AD animal model. The Morris water maze tests and contextual fear tests were conducted to assess the cognitive and memory abilities of rats. TUNEL staining was utilized to determine cell apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the binding relation between miR-483-3p and exportin 1 (XPO1). RESULTS Homocysteine treatment (400 μg/kg) induced the learning, cognitive and memory defects of rats. miR-483-3p was downregulated in Hcy-treated rat hippocampus. Functionally, miR-483-3p alleviated cell apoptosis and impairments of learning and memory abilities in Hcy-treated rats. In addition, miR-483-3p inhibited cell apoptosis and protein level of AD-associated factors (APP, BACE1, and Aβ1-42) in PC12 cells. In mechanism, miR-483-3p was confirmed to target XPO1 in PC12 cells. XPO1 displayed high level in rat hippocampus and was negatively correlated with miR-483-3p levels. Finally, XPO1 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-483-3p on cell apoptosis and protein levels of AD-associated factors. CONCLUSIONS miR-483-3p alleviates neural cell apoptosis and impairments of learning and memory abilities by targeting XPO1 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of RehabilitationGezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubeiChina
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of RehabilitationThe Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Changya Liu
- Department of NeurologyHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhanHubeiChina
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Zhou L, Liu J, An Y, Wang Y, Wang G. Plasma Homocysteine Level Is Independently Associated With Conventional Atherogenic Lipid Profile and Remnant Cholesterol in Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:898305. [PMID: 35770226 PMCID: PMC9234129 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.898305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHomocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while mechanisms are unclear. Despite inconsistent and limited, epidemiological and experimental studies indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) affected lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate the association of plasma Hcy with traditional lipid profiles and remnant cholesterol (RC) in Chinese adults.MethodsIn total, 7,898 subjects aged 20–79 years who underwent a physical examination at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital in Beijing were included in this study. Fasting plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], Hcy, and other metabolic risk factors were measured by routine automated laboratory methods. RC was calculated as TC minus HDL-C and LDL-C. The linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to assess the relationship between Hcy and lipids after adjusting potential confounders.ResultsOf the subjects, the median level of plasma Hcy was 13.0 μmol/L and 32.3% had HHcy. Plasma Hcy was negatively associated with HDL-C, ApoA1, and Lp(a) and positively associated with TG levels after adjusting age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. HHcy significantly increased the risk of low HDL-C [odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95%CI (1.11–1.44); p < 0.001]. The net mediation effects of ApoA1 on the relationship between Hcy and HDL-C before and after adjusting confounders were 46.9 and 30.6%, respectively. More interestingly, the RC level was significantly elevated in subjects with HHcy after adjusting other influencing factors (p = 0.025). Hcy presented a positive correlation with RC levels after adjusting the above confounding factors (β = 0.073, p = 0.004), and the correlation was still significant even after controlling other lipids, including TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoA1, ApoB, and Lp(a).ConclusionOur study showed that plasma Hcy was not only significantly associated with conventional atherogenic lipids but also independently correlated with RC levels beyond other lipids after controlling potential confounders. This finding proposes that identifying Hcy-related dyslipidemia risk, both traditional lipids and RC residual risk, is clinically relevant as we usher in a new era of targeting Hcy-lowering therapies to fight against dyslipidemia or even cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Examination Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Guang Wang,
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da Silva IV, Gullette S, Florindo C, Huang NK, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Soveral G, Castro R. The Effect of Nutritional Ketosis on Aquaporin Expression in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: Potential Implications for Energy Homeostasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051159. [PMID: 35625895 PMCID: PMC9138310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) are very low-carbohydrate, very high-fat diets which promote nutritional ketosis and impact energetic metabolism. Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels that facilitate water and glycerol transport across cell membranes and are critical players in energy homeostasis. Altered AQP expression or function impacts fat accumulation and related comorbidities, such as the metabolic syndrome. Here, we sought to determine whether nutritional ketosis impacts AQPs expression in the context of an atherogenic model. To do this, we fed ApoE−/− (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice, a model of human atherosclerosis, a KD (Kcal%: 1/81/18, carbohydrate/fat/protein) or a control diet (Kcal%: 70/11/18, carbohydrate/fat/protein) for 12 weeks. Plasma was collected for biochemical analysis. Upon euthanasia, livers, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were used for gene expression studies. Mice fed the KD and control diets exhibited similar body weights, despite the profoundly different fat contents in the two diets. Moreover, KD-fed mice developed nutritional ketosis and showed increased expression of thermogenic genes in BAT. Additionally, these mice presented an increase in Aqp9 transcripts in BAT, but not in WAT, which suggests the participation of Aqp9 in the influx of excess plasma glycerol to fuel thermogenesis, while the up-regulation of Aqp7 in the liver suggests the involvement of this aquaporin in glycerol influx into hepatocytes. The relationship between nutritional ketosis, energy homeostasis, and the AQP network demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sean Gullette
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Neil K. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.C.)
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Wang SD, Wang X, Zhao Y, Xue BH, Wang XT, Chen YX, Zhang ZQ, Tian YR, Xie F, Qian LJ. Homocysteine-Induced Disturbances in DNA Methylation Contribute to Development of Stress-Associated Cognitive Decline in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:887-900. [PMID: 35435568 PMCID: PMC9352847 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is generally accepted as the main risk factor in the development of cognitive decline; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous data have demonstrated that the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are significantly elevated in the plasma of stressed animals, which suggests that Hcy is associated with stress and cognitive decline. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the cognitive function, plasma concentrations of Hcy, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels in rats undergoing chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). The results showed that decreased cognitive behavioral performance and decreased BDNF transcription and protein expression were correlated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) levels in stressed rats. Diet-induced HHcy mimicked the cognitive decline and BDNF downregulation in the same manner as CUMS, while Hcy reduction (by means of vitamin B complex supplements) alleviated the cognitive deficits and BDNF reduction in CUMS rats. Furthermore, we also found that both stress and HHcy disturbed the DNA methylation process in the brain and induced DNA hypermethylation in the BDNF promoter. In contrast, control of Hcy blocked BDNF promoter methylation and upregulated BDNF levels in the brain. These results imply the possibility of a causal role of Hcy in stress-induced cognitive decline. We also used ten-eleven translocation (TET1), an enzyme that induces DNA demethylation, to verify the involvement of Hcy and DNA methylation in the regulation of BDNF expression and the development of stress-related cognitive decline. The data showed that TET1-expressing viral injection into the hippocampus inhibited BDNF promoter methylation and significantly mitigated the cognitive decline in HHcy rats. Taken together, novel evidence from the present study suggests that Hcy is likely involved in chronic stress-induced BDNF reduction and related cognitive deficits. In addition, the negative side-effects of HHcy may be associated with Hcy-induced DNA hypermethylation in the BDNF promoter. The results also suggest the possibility of Hcy as a target for therapy and the potential value of vitamin B intake in preventing stress-induced cognitive decline.
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Baranovicova E, Hnilicova P, Kalenska D, Kaplan P, Kovalska M, Tatarkova Z, Tomascova A, Lehotsky J. Metabolic Changes Induced by Cerebral Ischemia, the Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning, and Hyperhomocysteinemia. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040554. [PMID: 35454143 PMCID: PMC9032340 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics is one of the fundamental tools in the fast-developing metabolomics field. It identifies and quantifies the most abundant metabolites, alterations of which can describe energy metabolism, activated immune response, protein synthesis and catabolism, neurotransmission, and many other factors. This paper summarizes our results of the 1H NMR metabolomics approach to characterize the distribution of relevant metabolites and their alterations induced by cerebral ischemic injury or its combination with hyperhomocysteinemia in the affected tissue and blood plasma in rodents. A decrease in the neurotransmitter pool in the brain tissue likely follows the disordered feasibility of post-ischemic neurotransmission. This decline is balanced by the increased tissue glutamine level with the detected impact on neuronal health. The ischemic injury was also manifested in the metabolomic alterations in blood plasma with the decreased levels of glycolytic intermediates, as well as a post-ischemically induced ketosis-like state with increased plasma ketone bodies. As the 3-hydroxybutyrate can act as a likely neuroprotectant, its post-ischemic increase can suggest its supporting role in balancing ischemic metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, the 1H NMR approach revealed post-ischemically increased 3-hydroxybutyrate in the remote organs, such as the liver and heart, as well as decreased myocardial glutamate. Ischemic preconditioning, as a proposed protective strategy, was manifested in a lower extent of metabolomic changes and/or their faster recovery in a longitudinal study. The paper also summarizes the pre- and post-ischemic metabolomic changes in the rat hyperhomocysteinemic models. Animals are challenged with hyperglycemia and ketosis-like state. A decrease in several amino acids in plasma follows the onset and progression of hippocampal neuropathology when combined with ischemic injury. The 1H NMR metabolomics approach also offers a high potential for metabolites in discriminatory analysis in the search for potential biomarkers of ischemic injury. Based on our results and the literature data, this paper presents valuable findings applicable in clinical studies and suggests the precaution of a high protein diet, especially foods which are high in Met content and low in B vitamins, in the possible risk of human cerebrovascular neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.B.); (P.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Petra Hnilicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.B.); (P.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.K.); (Z.T.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.K.); (Z.T.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.B.); (P.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.K.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Piechocka J, Litwicka N, Głowacki R. Identification and Determination of 1,3-Thiazinane-4-carboxylic Acid in Human Urine-Chromatographic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:598. [PMID: 35054809 PMCID: PMC8776240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that homocysteine (Hcy) and its thiolactone (HTL) are reactive towards aldehydes in an aqueous environment, forming substituted thiazinane carboxylic acids. This report provides evidence that Hcy/HTL and formaldehyde (FA) adduct, namely 1,3-thiazinane-4-carboxylic acid (TCA) is formed in vivo in humans. In order to provide definitive proof, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based method was elaborated to identify and quantify TCA in human urine. The GC-MS assay involves chemical derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) in the presence of pyridine as a catalyst, followed by an ethyl acetate extraction of the obtained isobutyl derivative of TCA (TCA-IBCF). The validity of the method has been demonstrated based upon United States Food and Drug Administration recommendations. The assay linearity was observed within a 1-50 µmol L-1 range for TCA in urine, while the lowest concentration on the calibration curve was recognized as the limit of quantification (LOQ). Importantly, the method was successfully applied to urine samples delivered by apparently healthy volunteers (n = 15). The GC-MS assay may provide a new analytical tool for routine clinical analysis of the role of TCA in living systems in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piechocka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | | | - Rafał Głowacki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
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Bonafiglia QA, Bendeck M, Gotlieb AI. Vascular Pathobiology: Atherosclerosis and Large Vessel Disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vaccaro JA, Naser SA. The Role of Methyl Donors of the Methionine Cycle in Gastrointestinal Infection and Inflammation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010061. [PMID: 35052225 PMCID: PMC8775811 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency is well known to contribute to disease development in both humans and other animals. Nonetheless, truly understanding the role of vitamins in human biology requires more than identifying their deficiencies. Discerning the mechanisms by which vitamins participate in health is necessary to assess risk factors, diagnostics, and treatment options for deficiency in a clinical setting. For researchers, the absence of a vitamin may be used as a tool to understand the importance of the metabolic pathways in which it participates. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the complex relationship between the methyl donating vitamins folate and cobalamin (B12), the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and inflammatory processes in human disease. First, it outlines the process of single-carbon metabolism in the generation of first methionine and subsequently SAM. Following this, established relationships between folate, B12, and SAM in varying bodily tissues are discussed, with special attention given to their effects on gut inflammation.
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25
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Koklesova L, Mazurakova A, Samec M, Biringer K, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person. EPMA J 2021; 12:477-505. [PMID: 34786033 PMCID: PMC8581606 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is crucial for regulating methionine availability, protein homeostasis, and DNA-methylation presenting, therefore, key pathways in post-genomic and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Consequently, impaired Hcy metabolism leading to elevated concentrations of Hcy in the blood plasma (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to the overproduction of free radicals, induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairments, systemic inflammation and increased risks of eye disorders, coronary artery diseases, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, thrombotic events, cancer development and progression, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, pregnancy complications, delayed healing processes, and poor COVID-19 outcomes, among others. This review focuses on the homocysteine metabolism impairments relevant for various pathological conditions. Innovative strategies in the framework of 3P medicine consider Hcy metabolic pathways as the specific target for in vitro diagnostics, predictive medical approaches, cost-effective preventive measures, and optimized treatments tailored to the individualized patient profiles in primary, secondary, and tertiary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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26
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Castro R, Whalen CA, Gullette S, Mattie FJ, Florindo C, Heil SG, Huang NK, Neuberger T, Ross AC. A Hypomethylating Ketogenic Diet in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: A Pilot Study on Vascular Effects and Specific Epigenetic Changes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103576. [PMID: 34684577 PMCID: PMC8537671 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteneinemia (HHcy) is common in the general population and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis by mechanisms that are still elusive. A hypomethylated status of epigenetically relevant targets may contribute to the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. Ketogenic diets (KD) are diets with a severely restricted amount of carbohydrates that are being widely used, mainly for weight-loss purposes. However, studies associating nutritional ketosis and HHcy are lacking. This pilot study investigates the effects of mild HHcy induced by nutritional manipulation of the methionine metabolism in the absence of dietary carbohydrates on disease progression and specific epigenetic changes in the apolipoprotein-E deficient (apoE-/-) mouse model. ApoE-/- mice were either fed a KD, a diet with the same macronutrient composition but low in methyl donors (low methyl KD, LMKD), or control diet. After 4, 8 or 12 weeks plasma was collected for the quantification of: (1) nutritional ketosis, (i.e., the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate using a colorimetric assay); (2) homocysteine by HPLC; (3) the methylating potential S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (AdoHcy/AdoMet) by LC-MS/MS; and (4) the inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) by ELISA. After 12 weeks, aortas were collected to assess: (1) the vascular AdoHcy/AdoMet ratio; (2) the volume of atherosclerotic lesions by high-field magnetic resonance imaging (14T-MRI); and (3) the content of specific epigenetic tags (H3K27me3 and H3K27ac) by immunofluorescence. The results confirmed the presence of nutritional ketosis in KD and LMKD mice but not in the control mice. As expected, mild HHcy was only detected in the LMKD-fed mice. Significantly decreased MCP1 plasma levels and plaque burden were observed in control mice versus the other two groups, together with an increased content of one of the investigated epigenetic tags (H3K27me3) but not of the other (H3K27ac). Moreover, we are unable to detect any significant differences at the p < 0.05 level for MCP1 plasma levels, vascular AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio levels, plaque burden, and specific epigenetic content between the latter two groups. Nevertheless, the systemic methylating index was significantly decreased in LMKD mice versus the other two groups, reinforcing the possibility that the levels of accumulated homocysteine were insufficient to affect vascular transmethylation reactions. Further studies addressing nutritional ketosis in the presence of mild HHcy should use a higher number of animals and are warranted to confirm these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2938
| | - Courtney A. Whalen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Sean Gullette
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Floyd J. Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sandra G. Heil
- Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Neil K. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
- Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
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Guéant JL, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Kosgei VJ, Coelho D. Causes and consequences of impaired methionine synthase activity in acquired and inherited disorders of vitamin B 12 metabolism. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:133-155. [PMID: 34608838 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-Cobalamin (Cbl) derives from dietary vitamin B12 and acts as a cofactor of methionine synthase (MS) in mammals. MS encoded by MTR catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine to generate methionine and tetrahydrofolate, which fuel methionine and cytoplasmic folate cycles, respectively. Methionine is the precursor of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor of transmethylation reactions. Impaired MS activity results from inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption of B12 and inborn errors of Cbl metabolism (IECM). The mechanisms at the origin of the high variability of clinical presentation of impaired MS activity are classically considered as the consequence of the disruption of the folate cycle and related synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and the decreased synthesis of endogenous methionine and SAM. For one decade, data on cellular and animal models of B12 deficiency and IECM have highlighted other key pathomechanisms, including altered interactome of MS with methionine synthase reductase, MMACHC, and MMADHC, endoplasmic reticulum stress, altered cell signaling, and genomic/epigenomic dysregulations. Decreased MS activity increases catalytic protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and produces imbalanced phosphorylation/methylation of nucleocytoplasmic RNA binding proteins, including ELAVL1/HuR protein, with subsequent nuclear sequestration of mRNAs and dramatic alteration of gene expression, including SIRT1. Decreased SAM and SIRT1 activity induce ER stress through impaired SIRT1-deacetylation of HSF1 and hypomethylation/hyperacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), which deactivate nuclear receptors and lead to impaired energy metabolism and neuroplasticity. The reversibility of these pathomechanisms by SIRT1 agonists opens promising perspectives in the treatment of IECM outcomes resistant to conventional supplementation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Guéant
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Departments of Digestive Diseases and Molecular Medicine and National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Center, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Departments of Digestive Diseases and Molecular Medicine and National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Center, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Viola J Kosgei
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - David Coelho
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Frank J, Kisters K, Stirban OA, Obeid R, Lorkowski S, Wallert M, Egert S, Podszun MC, Eckert GP, Pettersen JA, Venturelli S, Classen HG, Golombek J. The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Biofactors 2021; 47:522-550. [PMID: 33772908 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age-related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age-related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population. These biofactors can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent or, in some cases, even treat age-related diseases. Examples reviewed herein include omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for the prevention of CVD, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) for the treatment of biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin D for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, thiamine and α-lipoic acid for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and the role of folate in cancer epigenetics. This list of potentially helpful biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, however, is not exhaustive and many more examples exist. Furthermore, since there is currently no generally accepted definition of the term biofactors, we here propose a definition that, when adopted by scientists, will enable a harmonization and consistent use of the term in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frank
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Medical Clinic I, St. Anna-Hospital & ESH Excellence Centre, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren C Podszun
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Pettersen
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Classen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gou Y, Ye Q, Liang X, Zhang Q, Luo S, Liu H, Wang X, Sai N, Zhang X. Homocysteine restrains hippocampal neurogenesis in focal ischemic rat brain by inhibiting DNA methylation. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105065. [PMID: 33940063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents a major cause of mortality worldwide. An elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy) is recognized as a powerful risk factor of ischemic stroke. We previously reported that Hcy induces cytotoxicity and proliferation inhibition in neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro. However, the toxic potential of Hcy on NSCs and its underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear in ischemic brain. Since DNA methylation is critical for establishing the diverse cell fates in the central nervous system, we hypothesized that negative effect of Hcy (an intermediate in the one-carbon metabolism) on neurogenesis might be link to DNA methylation in ischemic stroke. In our study, the rats in Hcy intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with 2% Hcy solution (5 mL/kg/d) for 7 consecutive days before MCAO surgery until they were sacrificed. Our study indicated that Hcy inhibited NSCs self-renewal capacity, which was exhibited by lowering the number of DCX+/BrdU+ and NeuN+/BrdU+ in ischemic brain hippocampus. A reduction in the activity of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), total methylation level and the number of 5mC+/NeuN+ and DCX+/5mC+ cells was observed in Hcy-treated ischemic brains. Additionally, Hcy also induced an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and a decrease in the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to SAH. These results suggest that the alterations in DNA methylation may be an important mechanism by which Hcy inhibits neurogenesis after stroke. Hcy-induced DNA hypomethylation may be mainly caused by a reduction in the DNMT activity which is regulated by the concentrations of SAM and SAH. Maintaining normal DNA methylation by lowering Hcy level may possess therapeutic potential for promoting neurological recovery and reconstruction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Department of Nutriology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Suhui Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Na Sai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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30
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Shcherbitskaia AD, Vasilev DS, Milyutina YP, Tumanova NL, Mikhel AV, Zalozniaia IV, Arutjunyan AV. Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces Glial Activation and Alters Neuroinflammatory Marker Expression in Infant Rat Hippocampus. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061536. [PMID: 34207057 PMCID: PMC8234222 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the common complications of pregnancy that causes offspring cognitive deficits during postnatal development. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) on inflammatory, glial activation, and neuronal cell death markers in the hippocampus of infant rats. Female Wistar rats received L-methionine (0.6 g/kg b.w.) by oral administration during pregnancy. On postnatal days 5 and 20, the offspring’s hippocampus was removed to perform histological and biochemical studies. After PHHC, the offspring exhibited increased brain interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels and glial activation, as well as reduced anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 level in the hippocampus. Additionally, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was increased in the hippocampus of the pups. Exposure to PHHC also resulted in the reduced number of neurons and disrupted neuronal ultrastructure. At the same time, no changes in the content and activity of caspase-3 were found in the hippocampus of the pups. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation and glial activation could be involved in altering the hippocampus cellular composition following PHHC, and these alterations could be associated with cognitive disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Shcherbitskaia
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.V.); (N.L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitrii S. Vasilev
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.V.); (N.L.T.)
| | - Yulia P. Milyutina
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Natalia L. Tumanova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.V.); (N.L.T.)
| | - Anastasiia V. Mikhel
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Irina V. Zalozniaia
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Alexander V. Arutjunyan
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
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31
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Nenkov M, Ma Y, Gaßler N, Chen Y. Metabolic Reprogramming of Colorectal Cancer Cells and the Microenvironment: Implication for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6262. [PMID: 34200820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinomas and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, is closely related to the initiation and progression of carcinomas, including CRC. Accumulating evidence shows that activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of tumor suppressor genes regulate the metabolic reprogramming that is mainly involved in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism. The abnormal metabolic program provides tumor cells with abundant energy, nutrients and redox requirements to support their malignant growth and metastasis, which is accompanied by impaired metabolic flexibility in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The metabolic crosstalk between the tumor cells, the components of the TME and the intestinal microbiota further facilitates CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and leads to therapy resistance. Hence, to target the dysregulated tumor metabolism, the TME and the gut microbiota, novel preventive and therapeutic applications are required. In this review, the dysregulation of metabolic programs, molecular pathways, the TME and the intestinal microbiota in CRC is addressed. Possible therapeutic strategies, including metabolic inhibition and immune therapy in CRC, as well as modulation of the aberrant intestinal microbiota, are discussed.
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32
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Tawfik A, Elsherbiny NM, Zaidi Y, Rajpurohit P. Homocysteine and Age-Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126259. [PMID: 34200792 PMCID: PMC8230490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is remarkably common among the aging population. The relation between HHcy and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and eye diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly people, has been established. Disruption of the blood barrier function of the brain and retina is one of the most important underlying mechanisms associated with HHcy-induced neurodegenerative and retinal disorders. Impairment of the barrier function triggers inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology. Studies have shown that AD patients also suffer from visual impairments. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina has been suggested as a prominent site of AD pathology. This review highlights inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism of HHcy-induced barrier dysfunction and neurovascular injury in aging diseases accompanied by HHcy, focusing on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Eye Research Institue, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2582; Fax: +1-706-721-9415
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yusra Zaidi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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33
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Balint B, Hergalant S, Camadro JM, Blaise S, Vanalderwiert L, Lignières L, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Guéant JL. Fetal Programming by Methyl Donor Deficiency Produces Pathological Remodeling of the Ascending Aorta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1928-1941. [PMID: 33827257 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Balint
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux) (B.B., S.H., R.-M.G.-R., J.-L.G.), Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux) (B.B., S.H., R.-M.G.-R., J.-L.G.), Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (J.-M.C., L.L.)
| | | | | | - Laurent Lignières
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (J.-M.C., L.L.)
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux) (B.B., S.H., R.-M.G.-R., J.-L.G.), Université de Lorraine, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Center (R.-M.G.-R., J.-L.G.), Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux) (B.B., S.H., R.-M.G.-R., J.-L.G.), Université de Lorraine, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Center (R.-M.G.-R., J.-L.G.), Université de Lorraine, France
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34
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Xie L, Ma S, Ding N, Wang Y, Lu G, Xu L, Wang Q, Liu K, Jie Y, Zhang H, Yang A, Gao Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Homocysteine induces podocyte apoptosis by regulating miR-1929-5p expression through c-Myc, DNMT1 and EZH2. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3203-3221. [PMID: 34057794 PMCID: PMC8564658 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and complex disease in kidneys which has been associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are known to influence the development and progression of CKD by regulating podocyte injury and apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms triggered in podocytes by Hcy, we used cbs+/− mice and observed that higher Hcy levels increased the apoptosis rate of podocytes with accompanying glomerular damage. Hcy‐induced podocyte injury and apoptosis in cbs+/− mice was regulated by inhibition of microRNA (miR)‐1929‐5p expression. Overexpression of miR‐1929‐5p in podocytes inhibited apoptosis by upregulating Bcl‐2. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐1929‐5p was regulated by epigenetic modifications of its promoter. Hcy upregulated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) levels, resulting in increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 levels on the miR‐1929‐5p promoter. Additionally, we observed that c‐Myc recruited DNMT1 and EZH2 to the miR‐1929‐5p promoter and suppressed the expression of miR‐1929‐5p. In summary, we demonstrated that Hcy promotes podocyte apoptosis through the regulation of the epigenetic modifiers DNMT1 and EZH2, which are recruited by c‐Myc to the promoter of miR‐1929‐5p to silence miR‐1929‐5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guanjun Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuzheng Jie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Anning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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35
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Jiang Q, Wang L, Si X, Tian JL, Zhang Y, Gui HL, Li B, Tan DH. Current progress on the mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular injury and use of natural polyphenol compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174168. [PMID: 33984300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population, and its incidence has rapidly increased with the prolongation of life expectancy. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, and damage to vascular function plays an initial role in its pathogenesis. This review presents the latest knowledge on the mechanisms of vascular injury caused by hyperhomocysteinemia, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein N-homocysteinization, and epigenetic modification, and discusses the therapeutic targets of natural polyphenols. Studies have shown that natural polyphenols in plants can reduce homocysteine levels and regulate DNA methylation by acting on oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathways, thus improving hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular injury. Natural polyphenols obtained via daily diet are safer and have more practical significance in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases than traditional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Jin-Long Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Hai-Long Gui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - De-Hong Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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36
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Perl A-Kaján J, Malinowska A, Zimny JA, Cysewski D, Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Jakubowski H. Proteome-Wide Analysis of Protein Lysine N-Homocysteinylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2458-2476. [PMID: 33797904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein N-homocysteinylation by a homocysteine (Hcy) metabolite, Hcy-thiolactone, is an emerging post-translational modification (PTM) that occurs in all tested organisms and has been linked to human diseases. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a model eukaryotic organism in biomedical research, including studies of protein PTMs. However, patterns of global protein N-homocysteinylation in yeast are not known. Here, we identified 68 in vivo and 197 in vitro N-homocysteinylation sites at protein lysine residues (N-Hcy-Lys). Some of the N-homocysteinylation sites overlap with other previously identified PTM sites. Protein N-homocysteinylation in vivo, induced by supplementation of yeast cultures with Hcy, which elevates Hcy-thiolactone levels, was accompanied by significant changes in the levels of 70 yeast proteins (38 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated) involved in the ribosomal structure, amino acid biosynthesis, and basic cellular pathways. Our study provides the first global survey of N-homocysteinylation and accompanying changes in the yeast proteome caused by elevated Hcy level. These findings suggest that protein N-homocysteinylation and dysregulation of cellular proteostasis may contribute to the toxicity of Hcy in yeast. Homologous proteins and N-homocysteinylation sites are likely to be involved in Hcy-related pathophysiology in humans and experimental animals. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Perl A-Kaján
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Jarosl Aw Zimny
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland.,International Center for Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
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37
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Yuan H, Deng S, Gao W, Li H, Yuan M. Identification of MMACHC and PROKR2 mutations causing coexistent cobalamin C disease and Kallmann syndrome in a young woman. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:447-452. [PMID: 33411215 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin C (cblC) disease and Kallmann syndrome (KS) are rare hereditary diseases. To date, no report has described the coexistence of those two genetic disorders in the same patient, or an association between them. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with cblC defect and KS. She first presented mild memory problems in puberty, which worsened in adulthood to progressive memory loss accompanied by slow and unsteady walking, slow response, inattention, cognitive impairment, insomnia, no sense of smell, and the lack of spontaneous puberty. Laboratory tests revealed gonadotropin deficiency, a low estrogen level, and remarkably elevated serum homocysteine and serum and urine organic acid levels. Whole-exome sequencing detected compound heterozygous variants in MMACHC [c.398_399del (p.Gln133Argfs*4) and c.482G > A (p.Arg161Gln)] and heterozygous variants in PROKR2 [c.337T > C (p.Tyr113His)]. Thus, clinical and genetic examinations confirmed the cblC disease and KS diagnoses. This report on coexisting cblC disease and KS caused by different pathogenic genes in a single patient enriches the clinical research on these two rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yuan
- Department of Emergence, the Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergence, Foresea Life Insurance Guangxi Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sipeng Deng
- Institute of Neurology, the Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Neurology, the Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- Institute of Neurology, the Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Institute of Neurology, the Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, University of South China, 35 Jiefang Road, Huaxin Development District, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Piechocka J, Wieczorek M, Głowacki R. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Approach for the Determination of Methionine-Related Sulfur-Containing Compounds in Human Saliva. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239252. [PMID: 33291575 PMCID: PMC7729597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS) is mainly recognized as a tool of first choice when volatile compounds are determined. Here, we provide the credible evidence that its application in analysis can be extended to non-volatile sulfur-containing compounds, to which methionine (Met), homocysteine (Hcy), homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), and cysteine (Cys) belong. To prove this point, the first method, based on GC-MS, for the identification and quantification of Met-related compounds in human saliva, has been elaborated. The assay involves simultaneous disulfides reduction with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and acetonitrile (MeCN) deproteinization, followed by preconcentration by drying under vacuum and treatment of the residue with a derivatizing mixture containing anhydrous pyridine, N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The validity of the method was demonstrated based upon US FDA recommendations. The assay linearity was observed over the range of 0.5-20 µmol L-1 for Met, Hcy, Cys, and 1-20 µmol L-1 for HTL in saliva. The limit of quantification (LOQ) equals 0.1 µmol L-1 for Met, Hcy, Cys, while its value for HTL was 0.05 µmol L-1. The method was successfully applied to saliva samples donated by apparently healthy volunteers (n = 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piechocka
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (R.G.); Tel.: +48-42-635-58-46 (J.P.); +48-42-635-58-35 (R.G.)
| | | | - Rafał Głowacki
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (R.G.); Tel.: +48-42-635-58-46 (J.P.); +48-42-635-58-35 (R.G.)
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39
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Liu X, Li Y, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang L, Peng T, Liang W, Wang Z, Lu H. The 1316T>C missenses mutation in MTHFR contributes to MTHFR deficiency by targeting MTHFR to proteasome degradation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1176-85. [PMID: 33290257 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is a rare hereditary disease characterized by defects in folate and homocysteine metabolism. Individuals with inherited MTHFR gene mutations have a higher tendency to develop neurodegeneration disease as Alzheimer’ disease and atherosclerosis. MTHFR is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing folate production, various SNPs/mutations in the MTHFR gene have been correlated to MTHFR deficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenic effects of these SNPs/mutations have not been clearly understood. In the present study, we reported a severe MTHFR deficiency patient with late-onset motor dysfunction and sequenced MTHFR gene exons of the family. The patient carries an MD-associating SNP (rs748289202) in one MTHFR allele and the rs545086633 SNP with unknown disease relevance in the other. The rs545086633 SNP (p.Leu439Pro) results in an L439P substitution in MTHFR protein, and drastically decreases mutant protein expression by promoting proteasomal degradation. L439 in MTHFR is highly conserved in vertebrates. Our study demonstrated that p.Leu439Pro in MTHFR is the first mutation causing significant intracellular defects of MTHFR, and rs545086633 should be examined for the in-depth diagnosis and treatment of MD.
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Tao J, Xia L, Cai Z, Liang L, Chen Y, Meng J, Wang Z. Interaction Between microRNA and DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:101-115. [PMID: 33259723 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by complex pathological changes, such as endothelial dysfunction, foam cell formation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Many approaches, including regulating AS-related gene expression in the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, contribute to alleviating AS development. The DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification in regulating cell function by silencing the relative gene expression. The microRNA (miRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA that plays an important role in gene post-transcriptional regulation and disease development. The DNA methylation and the miRNA are important epigenetic factors in AS. However, recent studies have found a mutual regulation between these two factors in AS development. In this study, recent insights into the roles of miRNA and DNA methylation and their interaction in the AS progression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linzhen Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zemin Cai
- Department of Pediatrics and The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingli Liang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Functional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Eyob W, George AK, Homme RP, Stanisic D, Sandhu H, Tyagi SC, Singh M. Regulation of the parental gene GRM4 by circGrm4 RNA transcript and glutamate-mediated neurovascular toxicity in eyes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:663-673. [PMID: 33074445 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic memory plays crucial roles in gene regulation. It not only modulates the expression of specific genes but also has ripple effects on transcription as well as translation of other genes. Very often an alteration in expression occurs either via methylation or demethylation. In this context, "1-carbon metabolism" assumes a special significance since its dysregulation by higher levels of homocysteine; Hcy (known as hyperhomocysteinemia; HHcy), a byproduct of "1-Carbon Metabolism" during methionine biosynthesis leads to serious implications in cardiovascular, renal, cerebrovascular systems, and a host of other conditions. Currently, the circular RNAs (circRNAs) generated via non-canonical back-splicing events from the pre-mRNA molecules are at the center stage for their essential roles in diseases via their epigenetic manifestations. We recently identified a circular RNA transcript (circGRM4) that is significantly upregulated in the eye of cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. We also discovered a concurrent over-expression of the mGLUR4 receptor in the eyes of these mice. In brief, circGRM4 is selectively transcribed from its parental mGLUR4 receptor gene (GRM4) functions as a "molecular-sponge" for the miRNAs and results into excessive turnover of the mGLUR4 receptor in the eye in response to extremely high circulating glutamate concentration. We opine that this epigenetic manifestation potentially predisposes HHcy people to retinovascular malfunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wintana Eyob
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Dragana Stanisic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Harpal Sandhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z, Sivonova MK, Racay P, Lehotsky J. Homocysteine and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207698. [PMID: 33080955 PMCID: PMC7589705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), has been implicated in various disorders, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that pathophysiology of these diseases is linked with mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning the effects of HHcy on mitochondrial homeostasis, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and mitochondrial dynamics. The recent studies suggest that the interaction between Hcy and mitochondria is complex, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are possible mediators of Hcy effects. We focus on mechanisms contributing to HHcy-associated oxidative stress, such as sources of ROS generation and alterations in antioxidant defense resulting from altered gene expression and post-translational modifications of proteins. Moreover, we discuss some recent findings suggesting that HHcy may have beneficial effects on mitochondrial ROS homeostasis and antioxidant defense. A better understanding of complex mechanisms through which Hcy affects mitochondrial functions could contribute to the development of more specific therapeutic strategies targeted at HHcy-associated disorders.
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Yan Y, Yin Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Shi J, Weng H, Wang D. Homocysteine aggravates DNA damage by impairing the FA/Brca1 Pathway in NE4C murine neural stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2477-2486. [PMID: 33029090 PMCID: PMC7532487 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is existing evidence that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are risk factors for some neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis of neurological diseases could be contributed to excessive cell dysfunction and death caused by defective DNA damage response (DDR) and accumulated DNA damage. Hcy is a neurotoxic amino acid and acts as a DNA damage inducer. However, it is not clear whether Hcy participates in the DDR. To investigate the effects of Hcy on DNA damage and the DDR, we employed mitomycin C (MMC) to cause DNA damage in NE4C murine neural stem cells (NSCs). Compared to treatment with MMC alone, we found that co-treatment with MMC and Hcy worsened DNA damage and increased death in NE4C cells. Intriguingly, in this DNA damage model mimicked by MMC, immunoblotting results showed that the monoubiquitination levels of Fanconi anemia complementation group I (Fanci) and Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) were decreased to about 60.3% and 55.7% by supplementing cell culture medium with Hcy, indicating Hcy inactivates the function of Fanci and Fancd2 in DNA damage conditions. Given Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) is an important downstream of FANCD2, we next detected the interaction between Fancd2 and Brca1 in NE4C cells. Compared to treatment with MMC alone, the Fancd2-Brca1 interaction and the amount of Brca1 on chromatin were decreased when cells were co-exposed to MMC and Hcy, suggesting Hcy could impair the Fanconi anemia (FA)/Brca1 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Hcy may enhance cell death, which contributes to the accumulation of DNA damage and promotion of hypersensitivity to cytotoxicity by impairing the FA/Brca1 pathway in murine NSCs in the presence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Tao H, Shi P, Xuan HY, Ding XS. DNA methyltransferase-1 inactivation of androgen receptor axis triggers homocysteine induced cardiac fibroblast autophagy in diabetic cardiac fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108521. [PMID: 32800775 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiac fibrosis is one of the main pathological manifestations of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Cardiac fibroblast autophagy plays critical roles in diabetic cardiac fibrosis, however, the underlying mechanism of cardiac fibroblast autophagy and diabetic cardiac fibrosis still largely unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanism of DNMT1 mediated DNA methylation alterations control cardiac fibroblast autophagy in diabetic cardiac fibrosis. We employed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats DCM, DCM patient and Hcy induced cardiac fibroblast autophagy. Heart tissue sections were stained with H&E, Sirius Red and Masson's trichrome stain. The expression of DNMT1, AR, Collagen genes mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. MSP and BSP detected the methylation status of the AR promoter. The expression of DNMT1, AR, Collagen and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blotting, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry. Gain and loss function of AR and DNMT1 in cardiac fibroblast was analyzed. DNMT1 inhibition or knockdown elevated the expression of AR in cardiac fibroblast. Furthermore, we found that AR negatively regulation of Hcy induced cardiac fibroblast autophagy. We demonstrated that DNMT1 enhances cardiac fibroblast autophagy in diabetic cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting AR axis. In conclusion, our results provide new insight into the DNMT1 inactivation of AR axis triggers cardiac fibroblast autophagy in diabetic cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China.
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, PR China.
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Rajakumar S, Suriyagandhi V, Nachiappan V. Impairment of MET transcriptional activators, MET4 and MET31 induced lipid accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5869667. [PMID: 32648914 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes involved in the methionine pathway are closely associated with phospholipid homeostasis in yeast. The impact of the deletion of methionine (MET) transcriptional activators (MET31, MET32 and MET4) in lipid homeostasis is studied. Our lipid profiling data showed that aberrant phospholipid and neutral lipid accumulation occurred in met31∆ and met4∆ strains with low Met. The expression pattern of phospholipid biosynthetic genes such as CHO2, OPI3 and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic gene, DGA1 were upregulated in met31∆, and met4∆ strains when compared to wild type (WT). The accumulation of triacylglycerol and sterol esters (SE) content supports the concomitant increase in lipid droplets in met31∆ and met4∆ strains. However, excessive supplies of methionine (1 mM) in the cells lacking the MET transcriptional activators MET31 and MET4 ameliorates the abnormal lipogenesis and causes aberrant lipid accumulation. These findings implicate the methionine accessibility plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism in the yeast model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vennila Suriyagandhi
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kovalska M, Hnilicova P, Kalenska D, Tomascova A, Adamkov M, Lehotsky J. Effect of Methionine Diet on Time-Related Metabolic and Histopathological Changes of Rat Hippocampus in the Model of Global Brain Ischemia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1128. [PMID: 32751764 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) represents a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis-associated diseases, like stroke, dementia or Alzheimer's disease. A methionine (Met)-rich diet leads to an elevated level of homocysteine in plasma and might cause pathological alterations across the brain. The hippocampus is being constantly studied for its selective vulnerability linked with neurodegeneration. This study explores metabolic and histo-morphological changes in the rat hippocampus after global ischemia in the hHcy conditions using a combination of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance-volumetry as well as immunohistochemical analysis. After 4 weeks of a Met-enriched diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day, adult male Wistar rats underwent 4-vessel occlusion lasting for 15 min, followed by a reperfusion period varying from 3 to 7 days. Histo-morphological analyses showed that the subsequent ischemia-reperfusion insult (IRI) aggravates the extent of the sole hHcy-induced degeneration of the hippocampal neurons. Decreased volume in the grey matter, extensive changes in the metabolic ratio, deeper alterations in the number and morphology of neurons, astrocytes and their processes were demonstrated in the hippocampus 7 days post-ischemia in the hHcy animals. Our results suggest that the combination of the two risk factors (hHcy and IRI) endorses and exacerbates the rat hippocampal neurodegenerative processes.
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Whalen CA, Mattie FJ, Florindo C, van Zelst B, Huang NK, Tavares de Almeida I, Heil SG, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Castro R. No Effect of Diet-Induced Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia on Vascular Methylating Capacity, Atherosclerosis Progression, and Specific Histone Methylation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2182. [PMID: 32717800 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis through mechanisms which are still incompletely defined. One possible mechanism involves the hypomethylation of the nuclear histone proteins to favor the progression of atherosclerosis. In previous cell studies, hypomethylating stress decreased a specific epigenetic tag (the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, H3K27me3) to promote endothelial dysfunction and activation, i.e., an atherogenic phenotype. Here, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the impact of mild HHcy on vascular methylating index, atherosclerosis progression and H3K27me3 aortic content in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. In two different sets of experiments, male mice were fed high-fat, low in methyl donors (HFLM), or control (HF) diets for 16 (Study A) or 12 (Study B) weeks. At multiple time points, plasma was collected for (1) quantification of total homocysteine (tHcy) by high-performance liquid chromatography; or (2) the methylation index of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH ratio) by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry; or (3) a panel of inflammatory cytokines previously implicated in atherosclerosis by a multiplex assay. At the end point, aortas were collected and used to assess (1) the methylating index (SAM:SAH ratio); (2) the volume of aortic atherosclerotic plaque assessed by high field magnetic resonance imaging; and (3) the vascular content of H3K27me3 by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, in both studies, HFLM-fed mice, but not those mice fed control diets, accumulated mildly elevated tHcy plasmatic concentrations. However, the pattern of changes in the inflammatory cytokines did not support a major difference in systemic inflammation between these groups. Accordingly, in both studies, no significant differences were detected for the aortic methylating index, plaque burden, and H3K27me3 vascular content between HF and HFLM-fed mice. Surprisingly however, a decreased plasma SAM: SAH was also observed, suggesting that the plasma compartment does not always reflect the vascular concentrations of these two metabolites, at least in this model. Mild HHcy in vivo was not be sufficient to induce vascular hypomethylating stress or the progression of atherosclerosis, suggesting that only higher accumulations of plasma tHcy will exhibit vascular toxicity and promote specific epigenetic dysregulation.
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Piechocka J, Wrońska M, Chwatko G, Jakubowski H, Głowacki R. Quantification of homocysteine thiolactone in human saliva and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1149:122155. [PMID: 32447254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) is a chemically reactive thioester that has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. So far, its presence has been documented in human and mouse plasma and urine. Here, using a new method, we show that HTL is present in human saliva. The assay involves chloroform-methanol extraction of HTL, lyophilization, and derivatization with N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The method is based on a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantifies HTL in a linear range from 0.05 to 1 µmol L-1 saliva and urine. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 µmol L-1. With respect to saliva specimen, the accuracy was 98.7-112.6%, and 90.2-100.5%, while the precision was 7.1-13.5% and 12.5-15.0% for the intra- and inter-day variation, respectively. In relation to urine samples, the accuracy was 91.9-110.9% and 91.2-103.3%, while the precision varied from 2.2% to 14.5% and 7.4% to 14.3% for intra- and inter-day measurements, respectively. Using this method, we show that in apparently healthy individuals (n = 18), HTL levels in saliva are not positively correlated with urinary HTL levels. Undoubtedly, larger population should be investigated to get more meaningful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piechocka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Monika Wrońska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chwatko
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center from Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rafał Głowacki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź, Poland.
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Fuso A, Raia T, Orticello M, Lucarelli M. The complex interplay between DNA methylation and miRNAs in gene expression regulation. Biochimie 2020; 173:12-16. [PMID: 32061806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The short, non-coding RNAs, also called microRNAs (miRNAs) can bind complementary sequences on cellular mRNAs. The consequence of this binding is generally the degradation of mRNA and the inhibition of its translation. For this reason, miRNAs are included among the epigenetic factors acting as a modulator of gene expression. How miRNAs expression is, in turn, regulated is still the object of active investigation, but DNA methylation, another epigenetic modification, seems to play a central role in this sense. The "one-carbon" metabolism is responsible for the metabolic regulation of trans-methylation reactions and, therefore, DNA methylation. For this reason, to investigate the possible correlations between alterations of the one-carbon metabolism and differential DNA methylation sounds interesting. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that, vice-versa, miRNAs are associated with DNA methylation modulation, in a mutual cross-talk. The present review will discuss the interplay between miRNAs and DNA methylation and its fall-out on gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fuso
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Raia
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Orticello
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Rizzo G, Laganà AS. The Link between Homocysteine and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: Critical Appraisal and Future Directions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020219. [PMID: 32024302 PMCID: PMC7072208 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are linked to metabolic and degenerative disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. In the last two decades, the interplay between B vitamins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids gained increasing attention. Expression control on enzymes involved in the pathway of homocysteine by polyunsaturated fatty acids has been proposed. The methylation process seems crucial for the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their distribution within the body. This review summarizes the available data in humans about the link between homocysteine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a special focus on the meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Even if the paucity of available information about the topic does not allow for definitive conclusions, a synergic action between polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins may play a key role in regulating several metabolic pathways. This element could explain a stronger action on homocysteine levels when omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are supplemented simultaneously. To date, a robust rationale of intervention to prevent metabolic diseases is lacking and could be beneficial for individual health and healthcare policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3208-976-687
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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