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Tao M, Guo HY, Ji X, Wang W, Yuan H, Peng H. Long-term trends in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias deaths with high body mass index in China from 1990 to 2019, and projections up to 2042. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:42. [PMID: 38528579 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the rising prevalence of high Body Mass Index (BMI) is linked to increasing health issues, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study analyzes mortality trends related to AD and other dementias associated with high BMI from 1990 to 2019, considering age, period, and birth cohort effects, and forecasts future trends. METHODS We analyzed mortality data for AD and other dementias linked to high BMI in Chinese residents from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Using Joinpoint regression, we examined age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) trends and calculated annual and average annual percentage changes (APC and AAPC). Age-period-cohort models provided deeper insights, with Bayesian models used to project future ASMR trends to 2042. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR for AD and other dementias associated with high BMI in China showed an overall increasing trend. Females had a lower increase rate than males, yet their overall levels remained higher. Specifically, the ASMR for males increased by an average of 2.70% per year, peaking between 2006 and 2010, while for females, it increased by an average of 2.29% per year, also peaking in the same period. Age-period-cohort analysis revealed increasing mortality relative risk with age and period, but a decrease with birth cohort. Projections suggest a continued rise in ASMR by 2042, with rates for males and females expected to be 2.48/100,000 and 2.94/100,000, respectively. CONCLUSION The increasing mortality trend from AD and other dementias associated with high BMI highlights the urgent need for policy interventions focused on overweight prevention, particularly vital for addressing the health challenges in China's aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Tao
- Health management center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yang Guo
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xincan Ji
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Science and Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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Zhang Y, Jiao X, Liu J, Feng G, Luo X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Huang L, Long Q. A new direction in Chinese herbal medicine ameliorates for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on the potential of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 321:117484. [PMID: 38012971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes is a common chronic disease. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a history of several thousand years in the treatment of diabetes, and active components with hypoglycemic effects extracted from various CHM, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenes, and steroidal saponins, have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Research exploring the potential of various CHM compounds to regulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature data were primarily obtained from authoritative databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and others within the last decade. The main keywords used include "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "mitochondrial respiratory chain complex", and "mitochondrial dysfunction". RESULTS Chinese herbal medicine primarily regulates the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, and small intestine. It improves cellular energy metabolism through hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating effects. Different components of CHM can regulate the same mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, while the same components of a particular CHM can regulate different complex activities. The active components of CHM target different mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, regulate their aberrant changes and effectively improve T2DM and its complications. CONCLUSION Chinese herbal medicine can modulate the function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various cell types and exert their hypoglycemic effects through various mechanisms. CHM has significant therapeutic potential in regulating mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes to improve T2DM, but further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and conduct clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these medications. This provides new perspectives and opportunities for personalized improvement and innovative developments in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyue Jiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Binzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Guo B, Li QY, Liu XJ, Luo GH, Wu YJ, Nie J. Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase as a potential link. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38419188 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing year by year, causing a huge economic and social burden, and their pathogenesis and aetiology have been proven to have a certain correlation. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that vacuolar adenosine triphosphatases (v-ATPases) in eukaryotes, which are biomolecules regulating lysosomal acidification and glycolipid metabolism, play a key role in DM and AD. This article describes the role of v-ATPase in DM and AD, including its role in glycolysis, insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR), as well as its relationship with lysosomal acidification, autophagy and β-amyloid (Aβ). In DM, v-ATPase is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and IR. v-ATPase is closely related to glycolysis. On the one hand, v-ATPase affects the rate of glycolysis by affecting the secretion of insulin and changing the activities of key glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1). On the other hand, glucose is the main regulator of this enzyme, and the assembly and activity of v-ATPase depend on glucose, and glucose depletion will lead to its decomposition and inactivation. In addition, v-ATPase can also regulate free fatty acids, thereby improving IR. In AD, v-ATPase can not only improve the abnormal brain energy metabolism by affecting lysosomal acidification and autophagy but also change the deposition of Aβ by affecting the production and degradation of Aβ. Therefore, v-ATPase may be the bridge between DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guo-Hui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Agius R, Pace NP, Fava S. Anthropometric and Biochemical Correlations of Insulin Resistance in a Middle-Aged Maltese Caucasian Population. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:5528250. [PMID: 38420511 PMCID: PMC10901578 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5528250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, and with increased all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. A number of surrogate markers are used in clinical practice to diagnose IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the discriminatory power of a number of routinely available anthropometric and biochemical variables in predicting IR and to determine their optimal cutoffs. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of middle-aged individuals. We used receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses in order to determine the discriminatory power of parameters of interest in detecting IR, which was defined as homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance ≥2.5. Results Both the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) exhibited good discriminatory power to detect IR in both males and females. The optimal cutoffs were 42.5 and 1.44, respectively, in males and 36.2 and 1.41, respectively, in females. Serum triglycerides (TG) and waist circumference (WC) similarly demonstrated good discriminatory power in detecting IR in both sexes. The optimal cutoffs for serum TG and WC were 1.35 mmol/L and 96.5 cm, respectively, in men and 1.33 mmol/L and 82 cm, respectively, in women. On the other hand, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver transaminases, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid, ferritin, waist-hip ratio, "A" body shape, thigh circumference, and weight-adjusted thigh circumference all had poor discriminatory power. Conclusions Our data show that LAP, VAI, TG, and WC all have good discriminatory power in detecting IR in both men and women. The optimal cutoffs for TG and WC were lower than those currently recommended in both sexes. Replication studies are required in different subpopulations and different ethnicities in order to be able to update the current cut points to ones which reflect the contemporary population as well as to evaluate their longitudinal relationship with longer-term cardiometabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Agius
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Nikolai Paul Pace
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Stephen Fava
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, Msida MSD2090, Malta
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Butler AE, Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL. A Cross-Sectional Study of Protein Changes Associated with Dementia in Non-Obese Weight Matched Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2409. [PMID: 38397086 PMCID: PMC10889209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated protein expression is reported in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), paralleling the expression reported in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized, however, that these proteins would not differ between women with non-obese and non-insulin resistant PCOS compared to matched control subjects. We measured plasma amyloid-related proteins levels (Amyloid-precursor protein (APP), alpha-synuclein (SNCA), amyloid P-component (APCS), Pappalysin (PAPPA), Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), apolipoprotein E (apoE), apoE2, apoE3, apoE4, Serum amyloid A (SAA), Noggin (NOG) and apoA1) in weight and aged-matched non-obese PCOS (n = 24) and control (n = 24) women. Dementia-related proteins fibronectin (FN), FN1.3, FN1.4, Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) were also measured. Protein levels were determined by Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurement. Only APCS differed between groups, being elevated in non-obese PCOS women (p = 0.03) relative to the non-obese control women. This differed markedly from the elevated APP, APCS, ApoE, FN, FN1.3, FN1.4 and VWF reported in obese women with PCOS. Non-obese, non-insulin resistant PCOS subjects have a lower AD-associated protein pattern risk profile versus obese insulin resistant PCOS women, and are not dissimilar to non-obese controls, indicating that lifestyle management to maintain optimal body weight could be beneficial to reduce the long-term AD-risk in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (A.S.M.M.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (A.S.M.M.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RU, UK;
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (A.S.M.M.); (S.L.A.)
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Low S, Ng TP, Goh KS, Moh A, Khoo J, Ang K, Yap P, Cheong CY, Tang WE, Lim Z, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Lim SC. Reduced skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio is independently associated with reduced cognitive function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108672. [PMID: 38183854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) has been recognised as an index of sarcopenic obesity. SVR is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness which are known risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. We aimed to investigate association between SVR and cognitive function in patients with T2DM. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 1326 patients with T2DM and mean age 61.3 ± 8.0 years. SVR was assessed based on bioelectrical impedance measurements of muscle mass and visceral fat area (VFA). Cognitive function was assessed using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Linear regression was used to examine the association between SVR in quartiles and RBANS score, adjusting for demographics, education, presence of depressive symptoms, clinical covariates and medications. RESULTS The lower SVR quartiles were negatively associated with RBANS total score in the unadjusted analysis. The corresponding coefficients for Quartiles 1 and 2 SVR were -3.79 (95 % CI -5.39 to -2.19; p < 0.001) and -1.47 (95 % CI -2.86 to -0.07; p = 0.039) in fully adjusted analysis. The negative association between Quartile 1 SVR and RBANS score was evident in immediate memory, delayed memory, visuo-spatial construction, language and attention domains. Muscle mass and VFA alone had weaker associations with RBANS scores. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated, for the first time, an independent association between reduced SVR and lower cognitive function. This is evident in global and multiple cognitive domains. The synergistic effects of reduced muscle mass and visceral obesity may be more pronounced than their independent effects on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Low
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Block 676, Level 4, Kampung Admiralty, Woodlands Drive 71, 730676, Singapore; Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore
| | - Kiat Sern Goh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, 529889, Singapore
| | - Angela Moh
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore
| | - Jonathon Khoo
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore
| | - Philip Yap
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore
| | - Chin Yee Cheong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore
| | - Wern Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, 3 Fusionopolis Link, Nexus@one-north, South Tower, 138543, Singapore
| | - Ziliang Lim
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, 3 Fusionopolis Link, Nexus@one-north, South Tower, 138543, Singapore
| | - Tavintharan Subramaniam
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Block 676, Level 4, Kampung Admiralty, Woodlands Drive 71, 730676, Singapore
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Block 676, Level 4, Kampung Admiralty, Woodlands Drive 71, 730676, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Block 676, Level 4, Kampung Admiralty, Woodlands Drive 71, 730676, Singapore; Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, 117549, Singapore.
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Butler AE, Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL. A Cross-Sectional Study of Alzheimer-Related Proteins in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1158. [PMID: 38256230 PMCID: PMC10816448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition in women of reproductive age, and several risk factors found in PCOS are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Proteins increased in AD have been reported to include fibronectin (FN) fragments 3 and 4 (FN1.3 and FN1.4, respectively) and ApoE. We hypothesized that Alzheimer-related proteins would be dysregulated in PCOS because of associated insulin resistance and obesity. In this comparative cross-sectional analysis, aptamer-based SomaScan proteomic analysis for the detection of plasma Alzheimer-related proteins was undertaken in a PCOS biobank of 143 women with PCOS and 97 control women. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) (p < 0.05) and amyloid P-component (APCS) (p < 0.001) were elevated in PCOS, while alpha-synuclein (SNCA) (p < 0.05) was reduced in PCOS. Associations with protective heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed that SNCA positively correlated with HSP90 (p < 0.0001) and HSP60 (p < 0.0001) in both the PCOS and control women. Correlations with markers of inflammation showed that APCS correlated with interleukin 6 (IL6) (p = 0.04), while Apolipoprotein (Apo) E3 correlated with TNF-alpha (p = 0.02). FN, FN1.3, FN1.4 and ApoE were all elevated significantly (p < 0.05). An AD-associated protein pattern with elevated FN, FN1.3, FN1.4 and ApoE was found in PCOS, in addition to elevated APP and reduced SNCA, which was the same as reported for type 2 diabetes (T2D) with, additionally, an elevation in APCS. With the AD biomarker pattern in PCOS being very similar to that in T2D, where there is an association between AD and T2D, this suggests that larger prospective cohort studies are needed in women with PCOS to determine if there is a causal association with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (A.S.M.M.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (A.S.M.M.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RU, UK;
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (A.S.M.M.); (S.L.A.)
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8
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Bar-Tana J. TorS - Reframing a rational for type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3712. [PMID: 37615286 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 syndrome (Tors), paradigm implies an exhaustive cohesive disease entity driven by a hyperactive mTORC1, and which includes obesity, type 2 diabetic hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration, polycystic ovary syndrome, psoriasis and other. The TorS paradigm may account for the efficacy of standard-of-care treatments of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in alleviating the glycaemic and non-glycaemic diseases of TorS in T2D and non-T2D patients. The TorS paradigm may generate novel treatments for TorS diseases.
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Gafni T, Weinstein G, Leonard D, Barlow CE, DeFina LF, Pettee Gabriel K, Berry JD, Shuval K. Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI with dementia risk: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075571. [PMID: 38086580 PMCID: PMC10729062 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association of midlife fitness and body mass index (BMI) with incident dementia later in life. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort study of 6428 individuals (mean age 50.9±7.6 years) from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. MEASURES Cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI were assessed twice (1970-1999) during visits to the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine clinic in Dallas, Texas. These measures were examined as continuous and categorical variables. As continuous variables, fitness and BMI were examined at baseline (averaged of two examinations) and as absolute change between exams (mean time 2.1±1.8 years). Variables were categorised: unfit versus fit and normal versus overweight/obese. Medicare claims data were used to obtain all-cause dementia incidence (1999-2009). Mean follow-up between midlife examinations and Medicare surveillance was 15.7 ((SD=6.2) years. Multivariable models were used to assess the associations between fitness, BMI and dementia. RESULTS During 40 773 person years of Medicare surveillance, 632 cases of dementia were identified. After controlling for BMI and covariates, each 1-metabolic equivalent increment in fitness was associated with 5% lower (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99) dementia risk. In comparison, after controlling for fitness and covariates, each 1 kg/m2 increment in BMI was associated with a 3.0% (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07) higher risk for dementia, yet without significance (p=0.051). Similar findings were observed when the exposures were categorised. Changes in fitness and BMI between examinations were not related to dementia. Jointly, participants who were unfit and overweight/obese had the highest (HR 2.28 95% CI 1.57 to 3.32) dementia risk compared with their fit and normal weight counterparts. CONCLUSION Lower midlife fitness is a risk marker for dementia irrespective of weight status. Being unfit coupled with overweight/obese status might increase one's risk for dementia even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gafni
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Weinstein
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Leonard
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn E Barlow
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Laura F DeFina
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabam, USA
| | | | - Kerem Shuval
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Pan X. Metabolic characteristics of obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2239934. [PMID: 37524309 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2239934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though recent studies have pointed out different manifestations between obese and nonobese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), there is no clear evidence to confirm this viewpoint. Therefore, the metabolic characteristics of obese and nonobese patients with PCOS were systematically compared through meta-analysis in this study. METHODS Data were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Articles on obese and nonobese patients with PCOS published from database inception to January 2022 were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 739 articles were initially retrieved, and ultimately 14 studies were involved in the meta-analysis. Specifically, there were 801 patients in the observation group (obese patients with PCOS) and 925 patients in the control group (nonobese patients with PCOS). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the two groups in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, and testosterone. CONCLUSION Compared with nonobese patients with PCOS, obese patients with PCOS have worse blood lipid parameters and lower levels of LH and FSH. Also, there are significant differences in metabolic characteristics between the two groups of patients. Most importantly, our findings provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Pan
- Department of Gynaecology, First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
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Eepho OI, Bashir AAM, Oniyide AA, Aturamu A, Owolabi OV, Ajadi IO, Fafure AA, Ajadi MB, Areloegbe SE, Olaniyi KS. Modulation of GABA by sodium butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in experimental model of PCOS. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:62. [PMID: 37996797 PMCID: PMC10666373 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a known endocrine disorder that has affected many women of childbearing age, and is accompanied by various neurodegenerative conditions. Hence, this study investigates the impact of butyrate in reversing hypothalamic-related disorder, possibly through γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a rat model of PCOS. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups (n = 5), which include control, butyrate, letrozole, and letrozole + butyrate groups. PCOS was induced by administering 1 mg/kg of letrozole (oral gavage) for 21 days. After confirmation of PCOS, 200 mg/kg of butyrate (oral gavage) was administered for 6 weeks. Rats with PCOS were characterized by elevated levels of plasma insulin and testosterone. Increases in plasma and hypothalamic triglyceride levels, inflammatory biomarker (SDF-1), apoptotic marker (caspase-6), and decreased plasma GnRH were observed. Additionally, a decrease in hypothalamic GABA was revealed. Nevertheless, the administration of butyrate attenuated these alterations. The present study suggests that butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in an experimental model of PCOS, a beneficial effect that is accompanied by enhanced GABA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oony-Iye Eepho
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Al-Amin M Bashir
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Adesola A Oniyide
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Aturamu
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Olutunmise V Owolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O Ajadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola A Fafure
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Mary B Ajadi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie E Areloegbe
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria.
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12
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Huang XT, Lv X, Jiang H. The weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive impairment among U.S. older adults: a population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1276212. [PMID: 38027119 PMCID: PMC10663941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1276212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Multiple research projects have provided evidence of the correlation between obesity and cognitive impairment. WWI, a novel metric for assessing obesity, has the potential to provide a more precise assessment of muscle and fat mass. This research aimed to investigate the association between WWI and cognitive functioning among elderly individuals residing in the United States. Methods This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2014. Weighted multiple linear regression models, smoothed fitted curves, and generalized weighted models were employed to examine the associations between WWI and cognitive function in linear and nonlinear contexts. Results The study included a cohort of 2,764 adult volunteers aged 60 years and older, all with complete data. Upon controlling for all potential confounding variables, our analysis revealed statistically significant negative associations between WWI and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) score. Specifically, for each 1-unit increase in WWI, there was a corresponding loss of 3.57 points in the DSST score [-3.57 (-4.31, -2.82)]. The negative correlations between WWI with CERAD total word recall [-0.63 (-0.85, -0.40)], CERAD delayed recall [-0.19 (-0.30, -0.07)], and AFT [-0.65 (-0.94, -0.37)] were significant only in partially adjusted models. Conclusion Higher WWI was associated with poorer cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Gong R, Greenbaum J, Lin X, Du Y, Su KJ, Gong Y, Shen J, Deng HW. Identification of potential genetic causal variants for obesity-related traits using statistical fine mapping. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1309-1319. [PMID: 37498361 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is highly influenced by heritability and variant effects. While previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified numerous genetic loci associated with obesity-related traits [body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], most causal variants remain unidentified. The high degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) throughout the genome makes it extremely difficult to distinguish the GWAS-associated SNPs that exert a true biological effect. OBJECTIVE This study was to identify the potential causal variants having a biological effect on obesity-related traits. METHODS We used Probabilistic Annotation INTegratOR, a Bayesian fine-mapping method, which incorporated genetic association data (GWAS summary statistics), LD structure, and functional annotations to calculate a posterior probability of causality for SNPs across all loci of interest. Moreover, we performed gene expression analysis using the available public transcriptomic data to validate the corresponding genes of the potential causal SNPs partially. RESULTS We identified 96 SNPs for BMI and 43 SNPs for WHR with a high posterior probability of causality (> 99%), including 49 BMI SNPs and 24 WHR SNPs which did not reach genome-wide significance in the original GWAS. Finally, we partially validated some genes corresponding to the potential causal SNPs. CONCLUSION Using a statistical fine-mapping approach, we identified a set of potential causal variants to be prioritized for future functional validation and also detected some novel trait-associated variants. These results provided novel insight into our understanding of the genetics of obesity and also demonstrated that fine mapping may improve upon the results identified by the original GWASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- Endocrinology Cadre Ward, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xu Lin
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yun Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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14
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Spoelder M, Bright Y, Morrison MC, van Kempen V, de Groodt L, Begalli M, Schuijt N, Kruiger E, Bulthuis R, Gross G, Kleemann R, van Diepen JA, Homberg JR. Cognitive Performance during the Development of Diabetes in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat. Cells 2023; 12:2463. [PMID: 37887307 PMCID: PMC10605915 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased insulin levels may support the development of neural circuits involved in cognition, while chronic mild inflammation may also result in cognitive impairment. This study aimed to gain more insight into whether cognition is already impacted during adolescence in a genetic rat model for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Visual discrimination learning throughout adolescence and the level of motivation during early adulthood were investigated in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) obese and ZDF lean rats using operant touchscreens. Blood glucose, insulin, and lipids were longitudinally analyzed. Histological analyses were performed in the liver, white adipose tissues, and the prefrontal cortex. Prior to the experiments with the genetic ZDF research model, all experimental assays were performed in two groups of outbred Long Evans rats to investigate the effect of different feeding circumstances. Adolescent ZDF obese rats outperformed ZDF lean rats on visual discrimination performance. During the longitudinal cognitive testing period, insulin levels sharply increased over weeks in ZDF obese rats and were significantly enhanced from 6 weeks of age onwards. Early signs of liver steatosis and enlarged adipocytes in white adipose tissue were observed in early adult ZDF obese rats. Histological analyses in early adulthood showed no group differences in the number of prefrontal cortex neurons and microglia, nor PSD95 and SIRT1 mRNA expression levels. Together, our data show that adolescent ZDF obese rats even display enhanced cognition despite their early diabetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Spoelder
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Yami Bright
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Sylviusweg 71, 2333 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle van Kempen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Lilian de Groodt
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Malvina Begalli
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Nikita Schuijt
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Eva Kruiger
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
| | - Ronald Bulthuis
- Metris B.V., Kruisweg 829c, 2132 NG Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Gross
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Sylviusweg 71, 2333 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janna A. van Diepen
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.B.)
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15
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Xie Y, Chen S, Guo Z, Tian Y, Hong X, Feng P, Xie Q, Yu Q. Down-regulation of Lon protease 1 lysine crotonylation aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e396. [PMID: 37817894 PMCID: PMC10560969 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent reproductive endocrine disorder, with metabolic abnormalities and ovulation disorders. The post-translational modifications (PTMs) are functionally relevant and strengthen the link between metabolism and cellular functions. Lysine crotonylation is a newly identified PTM, the function of which in PCOS has not yet been reported. To explore the molecular mechanisms of crotonylation involved in the abnormalities of metabolic homeostasis and oocyte maturation in PCOS, by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we constructed a comprehensive map of crotonylation modifications in ovarian tissue of PCOS-like mouse model established by dehydroepiandrosterone induction. The crotonylation levels of proteins involved in metabolic processes were significantly decreased in PCOS ovaries compared to control samples. Further investigation showed that decrotonylation of Lon protease 1 (LONP1) at lysine 390 was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS. Moreover, LONP1 crotonylation levels in PCOS were correlated with ovarian tissue oxidative stress levels, androgen levels, and oocyte development. Consistently, down-regulation of LONP1 and LONP1 crotonylation levels were also observed in the blood samples of PCOS patients. Collectively, our study revealed a mechanism by which the decrotonylation of LONP1 may attenuate its activity and alter follicular microenvironment to affect oocyte maturation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
| | - Zaixin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
| | - Xinyu Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
| | - Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
| | - Qiu Xie
- Department of Medical Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus)BeijingChina
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Jiang J, Shi H, Jiang S, Wang A, Zou X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Sun M, Ren Q, Xu J. Nutrition in Alzheimer's disease: a review of an underappreciated pathophysiological mechanism. Sci China Life Sci 2023; 66:2257-2279. [PMID: 37058185 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older individuals and is an escalating challenge to global public health. Pharmacy therapy of AD is one of the well-funded areas; however, little progress has been made due to the complex pathogenesis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that modifying risk factors and lifestyle may prevent or delay the incidence of AD by 40%, which suggests that the management should pivot from single pharmacotherapy toward a multipronged approach because AD is a complex and multifaceted disease. Recently, the gut-microbiota-brain axis has gained tremendous traction in the pathogenesis of AD through bidirectional communication with multiple neural, immune, and metabolic pathways, providing new insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Dietary nutrition is an important and profound environmental factor that influences the composition and function of the microbiota. The Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group recently found that dietary nutrition can affect cognition in AD-related dementia directly or indirectly through complex interactions of behavioral, genetic, systemic, and brain factors. Thus, considering the multiple etiologies of AD, nutrition represents a multidimensional factor that has a profound effect on AD onset and development. However, mechanistically, the effect of nutrition on AD is uncertain; therefore, optimal strategies or the timing of nutritional intervention to prevent or treat AD has not been established.Thus, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning nutritional disorders, AD patient and caregiver burden, and the roles of nutrition in the pathophysiology of AD. We aim to emphasize knowledge gaps to provide direction for future research and to establish optimal nutrition-based intervention strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mengfan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Wang M, Xie K, Zhao S, Jia N, Zong Y, Gu W, Cai Y. Aerobic exercise improves cognitive impairment in mice with type 2 diabetes by regulating the MALAT1/miR-382-3p/BDNF signaling pathway in serum-exosomes. Mol Med 2023; 29:130. [PMID: 37740187 PMCID: PMC10517522 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been documented that aerobic exercise (AE) has a positive effect on improving cognitive function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Here, we tried to explore how AE regulates the expression of long non-coding RNA in serum-exosomes (Exos), thereby affecting cognitive impairment in T2DM mice as well as its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS T2DM mouse models were constructed, and serum-Exos were isolated for whole transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed lncRNA and mRNA, followed by prediction of downstream target genes. The binding ability of miR-382-3p with a long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was explored. Then, primary mouse hippocampal neurons were collected for in vitro mechanism verification, as evidenced by the detection of hippocampal neurons' vitality, proliferation, and apoptosis capabilities, and insulin resistance. Finally, in vivo mechanism verification was performed to assess the effect of AE on insulin resistance and cognitive disorder. RESULTS Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that MALAT1 was lowly expressed and miR-382-3p was highly expressed in serum-Exos samples of T2DM mice. There were targeted binding sites between MALAT1 and miR-382-3p and between miR-382-3p and BDNF. In vitro experiments showed that MALAT1 upregulated BDNF expression by inhibiting miR-382-3p. Silencing MALAT1 or overexpressing miR-382-3p could reduce the expression of INSR, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3K/AKT, and Ras/MAPK, inhibit neuronal proliferation, and promote apoptosis. In vivo experiments further confirmed that AE could increase the expression of MALAT1 in serum-Exos to competitively inhibit miR-382-3p and upregulate BDNF expression, thereby improving cognitive impairment in T2DM mice. CONCLUSION AE may upregulate the expression of MALAT1 in serum-Exos to competitively inhibit miR-382-3p and upregulate BDNF expression, thus improving cognitive impairment in T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kangling Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yujiao Zong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenping Gu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ying Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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18
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Landgraaf RG, Bloem MN, Fumagalli M, Benninga MA, de Lorijn F, Nieuwdorp M. Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236370. [PMID: 37795371 PMCID: PMC10545882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic dimensions. It is associated with multiple comorbidities and is becoming a clinical and public health threat. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology and interplay of various systems. A strong interplay exists between the neuro-endocrine system, the immune system with systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbiome dysbiosis that can lead to the development of obesity, which in turn can exacerbate each of these factors, hence creating a vicious cycle. The conventional treatment with lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery does not always result in sufficient weight control thus paving the way for other strategies. As one such strategy, acupuncture is increasingly used worldwide to treat obesity. This narrative review outlines the evidence for this neuro-endocrine-immune interplay in the pathophysiology of obesity. Furthermore, the existing experimental and clinical evidence of acupuncture as a multi-targeted therapy for obesity is explained and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Guy Landgraaf
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Nicté Bloem
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Fumagalli
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fleur de Lorijn
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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de Oliveira E Silva Ullmann T, Ramalho BJ, Laurindo LF, Tofano RJ, Rubira CJ, Guiguer EL, Barbalho SM, Flato UAP, Sloan KP, Araujo AC. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Systematic Review. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:618-628. [PMID: 37302723 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a highly prevalent condition in which Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is the most common. Diabetic Kidney Disease is one of the most relevant complications and affects approximately one-third of patients with Diabetes Mellitus. It is characterized by increased urinary protein excretion and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, assessed by serum creatinine levels. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D levels are low in these patients. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on proteinuria and creatinine, which are important markers for assessing the severity of kidney disease in patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. PUBMED, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were consulted, Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed, and the COCHRANE toll for bias assessment was applied. Six papers were quantitative studies and fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation of 50,000 I.U./week for 8 weeks effectively reduced proteinuria and creatinine in patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease, particularly in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by having essential effects on disease-related inflammatory markers, such as the reduction of proteinuria and creatinine. However, more clinical trials must be conducted to evaluate the intervention among more significant numbers of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Oliveira E Silva Ullmann
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Beneficente Unimar - University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Beneficente Unimar - University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio José Rubira
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Beneficente Unimar - University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, School of Food and Technology of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, School of Food and Technology of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Uri Adrian Prync Flato
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Beneficente Unimar - University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Cressoni Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cai Y, Liu P, Xu Y, Xia Y, Peng X, Zhao H, Chen Q. Biomarkers of obesity-mediated insulin resistance: focus on microRNAs. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:167. [PMID: 37537674 PMCID: PMC10401761 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndromes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Insulin resistance (IR) is a common complication of obesity. However, IR occurrence varies across individuals with obesity and may involve epigenetic factors. To rationalize the allocation of healthcare resources, biomarkers for the early risk stratification of individuals with obesity should be identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with metabolic diseases and involved in epigenetic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the changes in miRNA expression in the peripheral circulation and tissues of patients and animals with obesity-associated IR over the last 5 years and identified several candidate biomarkers that predict obesity-related IR. There are areas for improvement in existing studies. First, more than the predictive validity of a single biomarker is required, and a biomarker panel needs to be formed. Second, miRNAs are often studied in isolation and do not form a network of signaling pathways. We believe that early biomarkers can help clinicians accurately predict individuals prone to obesity-related IR at an early stage. Epigenetic regulation may be one of the underlying causes of different clinical outcomes in individuals with obesity. Future studies should focus on objectively reflecting the differences in miRNA profile expression in individuals with obesity-related IR, which may help identify more reliable biomarkers. Understanding the metabolic pathways of these miRNAs can help design new metabolic risk prevention and management strategies, and support the development of drugs to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumei Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowan Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3106. [PMID: 37513524 PMCID: PMC10383861 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review explores the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation and its implications for metabolic disorders. The review highlights the complex interactions among the neural, hormonal, and metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. The key topics discussed include the role of organs, hormones, and neural circuits in maintaining metabolic balance. The review investigates the association between neuro-vulnerability and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and eating disorders, considering genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence neuro-vulnerability and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Neuroendocrine interactions and the neural regulation of food intake and energy expenditure are examined, with a focus on the impact of neuro-vulnerability on appetite dysregulation and altered energy expenditure. The role of neuroinflammation in metabolic health and neuro-vulnerability is discussed, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory processes. This review also evaluates the use of neuroimaging techniques in studying neuro-vulnerability and their potential applications in clinical settings. Furthermore, the association between neuro-vulnerability and eating disorders, as well as its contribution to obesity, is examined. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuro-vulnerability, including pharmacological treatments and lifestyle modifications, are reviewed. In conclusion, understanding the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and their implications for metabolic health. Targeting neuro-vulnerability holds promise for developing innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, ultimately improving metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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Liang R, Sheng M, Li X, Jin J, Yi Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the anti-PCOS effects of Zishen Qingre Lishi Huayu recipe may involve pathways and genes related to autophagy, steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in granulosa cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 314:116551. [PMID: 37121450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zishen Qingre Lishi Huayu recipe (ZQLHR) is a Chinese medicine compound composed of nine herbs for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is used to nourish kidneys, clear heat, reduce dampness and dissipation blood stasis by promoting diuresis and blood circulation, dredging the meridians and harmonizing menstruation in the treatment of PCOS. Several clinical studies have shown that ZQLHR is effective in the treatment of PCOS, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we researched on the effects and mechanism of action of ZQLHR during treatment of human granulosa cells (hGCs) obtained from PCOS patients in order to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of ZQLHR in the treatment of PCOS, emphasize the importance of some genes that have been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis or therapeutic mechanisms of PCOS from the perspective of disease treatment, and identify some new genes and signaling pathways that may play an important role in the treatment of PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS KGN cells (a granulosa cell-like tumor cell line) were subjected to a cell counting kit-8 assay to explore the appropriate intervention concentration and duration of ZQLHR. Treated with or without ZQLHR (ZQLHR and control groups), the hGCs obtained from PCOS patients were sequenced using RNA sequencing, and the genes thus detected were further analyzed through Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and individuation gene analysis. These genes were also compared with PCOS-related genes in other databases. To further verify the authenticity of the differentially expressed genes between the two groups, the expression of eight randomly selected vital genes and three proteins of interest was verified through real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot experiment respectively. RESULTS The best intervention concentration and duration for ZQLHR to promote the proliferation of KGN cells were 0.2% and 48 h respectively in this experiment. Multiple signaling pathways and 55 focus differentially expressed genes, both related to autophagy, steroidogenesis, oxidative stress-related longevity, inflammation, and complications of PCOS, may play an important role in the therapeutic mechanism of action of ZQLHR. The expression of eight genes is consistent with the result of RNA sequencing, and the expression of three proteins of interest is the same as expected. CONCLUSIONS The promotion of hGCs proliferation upon treatment with ZQLHR may be a manifestation of ZQLHR in the treatment of PCOS patients. The positive effects of ZQLHR against PCOS may involve pathways and genes related to autophagy, steroidogenesis, oxidative stress-related longevity, and inflammation in hGCs. Some components of ZQLHR applied for the treatment of PCOS may also be effective for the treatment of some complications of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Liang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Mengzhen Sheng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Jing Jin
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Yao Yi
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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23
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Azarova I, Polonikov A, Klyosova E. Molecular Genetics of Abnormal Redox Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054738. [PMID: 36902173 PMCID: PMC10003739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by antioxidant enzymes is one of the major pathological disorders underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current state of the art advances in understanding the role of abnormal redox homeostasis in the molecular mechanisms of T2D and provides comprehensive information on the characteristics and biological functions of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes, as well as discusses genetic studies conducted so far in order to investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding redox state-regulating enzymes to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Ample evidence links obesity to hypertension in youths. However, the association of high normal body mass index (BMI) with obesity and the interaction with different weight trajectories are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the hypertension risk associated with high normal BMI for age and different weight trajectories in youths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study assessed 801 019 youths aged 3 to 17 years in an integrated health care system in Southern California from January 1, 2008, to February 28, 2015, with a maximum follow-up of 5 years from January 1, 2008, to February 28, 2020. Data analysis was performed from 2018 to 2022. EXPOSURES Youths were compared by first available (baseline) sex-specific BMI for age and change in the distance to the median BMI for age during the 5-year follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as a time scale to assess hypertension risk (based on 2017 Blood Pressure Guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics from 3 consecutive independent visits), adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, baseline year, and birth year. RESULTS A total of 801 019 youths (mean [SD] age, 9.4 [4.6] years; 409 167 [51.1%] female]; 59 399 [7.4%] Asian and Pacific Islanders, 65 712 [8.2%] Black, and 427 492 [53.4%] Hispanic) were studied. Compared with youths with a baseline BMI for age in the 40th to 59th percentiles, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for hypertension within a maximum of 5 years was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.20-1.33) for youths between the 60th and 84th percentiles if they maintained their BMI for age. With every 1-unit annual increase in the distance to the median BMI for age, the aHR increased by 1.04 (95% CI, 1.04-1.05). The aHR was 4.94 (95% CI, 4.72-5.18) in youths with a baseline BMI for age in the 97th percentile or higher who maintained their body weight. Weight gain increased the risk associated with baseline BMI for age in the 97th percentile or higher with an aHR of 1.04 (95% CI, 1.04-1.05) per 1-unit annual increase in the distance to the median BMI for age. The risk associated with weight change was higher in youths living with low to high normal weight and overweight than in youths living with severe obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of youths, high normal body weight above the 60th percentile of BMI for age was associated with increased risk of hypertension. Weight gain was associated with further increases in hypertension risk. Further research is needed to evaluate the wide range of body weight considered normal in youths and the health risks associated with high normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Koebnick
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Margo A. Sidell
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Susan J. Woolford
- Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Beatriz D. Kuizon
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Poornima Kunani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Manhattan Beach Medical Office, Manhattan Beach, California
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Wang X, Zhao C, Feng H, Li G, He L, Yang L, Liang Y, Tan X, Xu Y, Cui R, Sun Y, Guo S, Zhao G, Zhang J, Ai S. Associations of insomnia with insulin resistance traits: a cross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:7043128. [PMID: 36794917 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insomnia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in observational studies, however, whether insomnia is causally associated with IR remains unestablished. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the causal associations of insomnia with IR and its related traits. METHODS In primary analyses, multivariable regression (MVR) and one-sample Mendelian randomization (1SMR) analyses were performed to estimate the associations of insomnia with IR (triglyceride-glucose [TyG] index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TG/HDL-C] ratio) and its related traits (glucose level, TG, and HDL-C) in UK Biobank. Thereafter, two-sample MR (2SMR) analyses were used to validate the findings from primary analyses. Finally, the potential mediating effects of IR on the pathway of insomnia giving rise to T2D were examined using a two-step MR design. RESULTS Across the MVR, 1SMR, and their sensitivity analyses, we found consistent evidence suggesting that more frequent insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with higher values of TyG index (MVR: β = 0.024, P < 2.00E-16; 1SMR: β = 0.343, P < 2.00E-16), TG/HDL-C ratio (MVR: β = 0.016, P = 1.75E-13; 1SMR: β = 0.445, P < 2.00E-16), and TG level (MVR: β = 0.019 log mg/dl, P < 2.00E-16; 1SMR: β = 0.289 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16) after Bonferroni adjustment. Similar evidence was obtained by using 2SMR, and mediation analysis suggested that about a quarter (25.21%) of the association between insomnia symptoms and T2D was mediated by IR. CONCLUSIONS This study provides robust evidence supporting that more frequent insomnia symptoms are associated with IR and its related traits across different angles. These findings indicate that insomnia symptoms can be served as a promising target to improve IR and prevent subsequent T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Chenhao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ruixiang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sizhi Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Genetic abnormalities are responsible for up to 70% of severe, early onset obesity. With recent advances in genetic testing, more individuals with genetic etiology of excessive weight are being identified. However, treatment will need to be individualized based on the cause and underlying pathophysiology. Several treatment options are being investigated, and there are several treatment options now commercially available for some of these genetic conditions. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(2):e57-e61.].
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Asanidze E, Kristesashvili J, Parunashvili N, Urjumelashvili M, Tsetskhladze Z, Asanidze A. Hyperhomocysteinemia and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 21:167-174. [PMID: 37034292 PMCID: PMC10073870 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v21i2.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the reproductive medicine challenges is to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Objective Determine the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and pregnancy outcome in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods This case-control study involved 245 women (20-30 yr) and was conducted in Georgia, Tbilisi from 2019-2022. Of these, 175 were women with PCOS (study group) and 70 were healthy women (control group). Women with PCOS were divided into group I with RPL (n = 90), and group II with live births (n = 85). Group I was divided into subgroups A and B with and without insulin resistance. The investigation measured homocysteine (Hcy), follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, anti-Mullerian hormones, total and free testosterone were determined. To determine the ovarian volume and antral follicle count, participants also underwent an ultrasound examination. Results In women with PCOS, the average Hcy level was significantly higher than in the controls, p < 0.05. In group I, the average Hcy level was significantly higher than in group II and controls, p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in average Hcy level between group II and controls. The average Hcy level in group I, subgroup A was significantly higher than in subgroup B, p < 0.05. The average total, free testosterone levels, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance levels (HOMA-IR) in group I was significantly higher than in group II and controls. HOMA-IR in group II and controls did not differ significantly. The average anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with PCOS were significantly higher than controls, p < 0.05. No significant difference was observed in average anti-Mullerian hormone level, ovarian volume, antral follicle count, and body mass index between the comparison groups of PCOS. In group I, a positive correlation between Hcy with HOMA-IR was detected. Conclusion Serum Hcy levels are elevated in women with PCOS and RPL, which correlates with their insulin resistance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elene Asanidze
- Department of Medical Faculty of Teaching University Geomedi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jenaro Kristesashvili
- Department of Medical Faculty of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Parunashvili
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Physician Assistant Program, Toronto, Canada
| | - Manana Urjumelashvili
- Department of Medical Faculty of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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28
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Kuang M, Yang R, Xie Q, Peng N, Lu S, Xie G, Zhang S, Zou Y. The role of predicted lean body mass and fat mass in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both sexes: Results from a secondary analysis of the NAGALA study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1103665. [PMID: 36742435 PMCID: PMC9894318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective High body mass index (BMI) is an important risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of body composition such as fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) with NAFLD has not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of body composition FM and LBM to NAFLD. Methods We analyzed data from 7,411 men and 6,840 women in the NAGALA cohort study. LBM and FM were estimated for all subjects using validated anthropometric prediction equations previously developed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) to analyze the association and the dose-response curve of predicted LBM and FM with NAFLD in both sexes. Results The prevalence of NAFLD in man and woman subjects was 27.37 and 6.99%, respectively. Predicted FM was positively and linearly associated with NAFLD in both sexes, with each 1 kg increase in predicted FM associated with a 27 and 40% increased risk of NAFLD in men and women, respectively. In contrast, predicted LBM was negatively associated with NAFLD in both sexes, with each 1 kg increase in predicted LBM reducing the risk of NAFLD by 4 and 19% in men and women, respectively. In addition, according to the RCS curve, the risk of NAFLD did not change in men when the predicted LBM was between 47 and 52 kg, and there seemed to be a saturation effect; further, the threshold value of the saturation effect was calculated to be about 52.08 kg by two-piecewise logistic regression, and the protective effect on NAFLD would be significantly enhanced when the man predicted LBM was greater than 52.08 kg. Conclusion The current findings suggested that body composition LBM and FM had opposite associations with NAFLD in both sexes, with higher LBM associated with a lower risk of NAFLD and higher FM increasing the risk of NAFLD, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maobin Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruijuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Song Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guobo Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Shuhua Zhang,
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Yang Zou,
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Akintoye OO, Ajibare AJ, Omotuyi IO. Virgin coconut oil reverses behavioral phenotypes of letrozole-model of PCOS in Wistar rats via modulation of NRF2 upregulation. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:831-841. [PMID: 36852244 PMCID: PMC9957901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and sub-infertility. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been reported to have health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antiviral properties. This study investigated the effects of dietary VCO supplementation on memory and cognitive impairment in female rats with letrozole induced PCOS. Methods Thirty female rats were randomly divided into five groups. All rats except controls were treated with letrozole for 21 days to induce PCOS and were subsequently treated for 14 days with 10% VCO, clomiphene (CLO), or VCO + CLO. Three neurobehavioral tests were conducted: elevated plus maze, Y maze, and novel object recognition tests. Results Our results indicated statistically elevated serum concentrations of sex hormones in rats with PCOS, compared with the control and treated groups. In addition, all treated groups showed significant reversal of the low serum concentrations of catalase and down-regulated gene expression of Nrf2 in the hippocampus seen in the PCOS rats. In addition, gene expression of acetylcholine esterase was up-regulated in PCOS rats, and was statistically reverted in the VCO treated groups. Conclusion Anxiety-like behavior and impaired short-term memory were observed in PCOS rats; however, VCO supplementation reversed these effects by modulating the gene expression of Nrf2 and AchE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabode O. Akintoye
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
- Corresponding address: Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji J. Ajibare
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Idowu O. Omotuyi
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti (ABUAD), Nigeria
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Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149239. [PMID: 37056675 PMCID: PMC10086443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. The pathogenesis of IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, disease, and drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway leads to the development of IR in the host, including insulin receptor abnormalities, disturbances in the internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, and immunity), metabolic function of the liver and organelles, and other abnormalities. The available therapeutic strategies for IR are mainly exercise and dietary habit improvement, and chemotherapy based on biguanides and glucagon-like peptide-1, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments (e.g., herbs and acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based on the current understanding of IR mechanisms, there are still some vacancies to follow up and consider, and there is also a need to define more precise biomarkers for different chronic diseases and lifestyle interventions, and to explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting IR treatment. This could enable the treatment of patients with multiple combined metabolic diseases, with the aim of treating the disease holistically to reduce healthcare expenditures and to improve the quality of life of patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hangyu Ji
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Hangyu Ji,
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Brain insulin signaling and cognition: Possible links. EXCLI J 2023; 22:237-249. [PMID: 36998706 PMCID: PMC10043452 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor cognitive ability is a consequence of a wide variety of neurobehavioral disorders and is a growing health problem, especially among the elderly and patients with diabetes. The precise underlying cause of this complication is not well-defined. However, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of insulin hormone signaling in brain tissue. Insulin is a metabolic peptide integral to whole body energy homeostasis; it does, however, have extrametabolic impacts, such as upon neuronal circuits. Therefore, it has been suggested that insulin signaling may modify cognitive ability by yet unknown pathways. In the current review, we discuss the cognitive role of brain insulin signaling and consider the possible links between brain insulin signaling and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Habib Yaribeygi, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Diet is an important nonpharmacological risk-modifying factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The approaches used here to assess diet's role in the risk of AD include multi-country ecological studies, prospective and cross-sectional observational studies, and laboratory studies. Ecological studies have identified fat, meat, and obesity from high-energy diets as important risk factors for AD and reported that AD rates peak about 15-20 years after national dietary changes. Observational studies have compared the Western dietary pattern with those of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MedDi), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. Those studies identified AD risk factors including higher consumption of saturated and total fats, meat, and ultraprocessed foods and a lower risk of AD with higher consumption of fruits, legumes, nuts, omega-3 fatty acids, vegetables, and whole grains. Diet-induced factors associated with a significant risk of AD include inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, elevated homocysteine, dietary advanced glycation end products, and trimethylamine N-oxide. The molecular mechanisms by which dietary bioactive components and specific foods affect risk of AD are discussed. Given most countries' entrenched food supply systems, the upward trends of AD rates would be hard to reverse. However, for people willing and able, a low-animal product diet with plenty of anti-inflammatory, low-glycemic load foods may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven M. Blake
- Nutritional Neuroscience, Maui Memory Clinic, Wailuku, HI, USA
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Ma Y, Du C, Jiao Y, Xia G, Xu J, Yang Y. Cyproterone Acetate Mediates IRE1α Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Pyroptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells Induced by Hyperandrogen. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552271 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperandrogenemia (HA) is the main pathophysiological change that takes place in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Cyproterone acetate (CYA) is a drug commonly used to reduce androgen in patients with PCOS. Long-term and continuous exposure to HA can cause ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), pyroptotic death, and follicular dysfunction in PCOS mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CYA could ameliorate the hyperandrogenemia-induced pyroptosis of PCOS ovarian GCs by alleviating the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway. METHODS Firstly, thirty PCOS patients with HA as their main clinical manifestation were selected as the study group, and thirty non-PCOS patients were selected as the control group. The GCs and follicular fluid of the patients were collected, and the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was detected. Secondly, a PCOS mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was constructed, and the treatment group model was constructed with the subcutaneous injection of cyproterone acetate in PCOS mice. The expression of pyroptosis-related protein in ovarian GCs was detected to explore the alleviating effect of CYA on the pyroptosis of ovarian GCs in PCOS mice. Thirdly, KGN cells-i.e., from the human GC line-were cultured with dihydrotestosterone, CYA, and ERN1 (IRE1α gene) small interfering RNA in vitro to explore whether CYA can alleviate the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway and ameliorate the hyperandrogenemia-induced pyroptosis of PCOS ovarian GCs. RESULTS The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was significantly increased in ovarian GCs of PCOS patients with HA as the main clinical manifestation, and in the PCOS mouse model induced by DHEA. After treatment with CYA, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in the ovarian GCs of mice was significantly lower than that in PCOS mice. In vitro experiments showed that CYA could ameliorate KGN cells' pyroptosis by alleviating the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study showed that CYA could ameliorate the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway in mouse GCs and KGN cells, and also alleviate pyroptosis in ovarian GCs. This study provides a new mechanism and evidential support for CYA in the treatment of PCOS patients.
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Li S, Deng X, Zhang Y. The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated with Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged to Elderly Population: A Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237153. [PMID: 36498726 PMCID: PMC9737091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index on longitudinal cognitive decline in a healthy middle-aged-to-elderly population. METHODS We conducted a population-based longitudinal study. A total of 1774 participants without cognitive impairment were enrolled in the 4-year follow-up. They were divided into four groups according to the quartile of the TyG index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to examine the association between the TyG index and cognitive decline. Discrimination tests were used to evaluate the incremental predictive value of the TyG index beyond conventional risk factors. RESULTS During the follow-up, compared with those in the bottom quartile group, participants in the top TyG quartile group presented a 51% increase in the risk of cognitive decline (OR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06-2.14)). As shown by discrimination tests, adding the TyG index into the conventional model resulted in a slight improvement in predicting the risk of cognitive decline (NRI 16.00% (p = 0.004)). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that increasing values of the TyG index were positively associated with the risk of cognitive decline. Monitoring the TyG index may help in the early identification of individuals at high risk of cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-59975531
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Sukumar A, Patil M, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, George A, Ganesan R. Implications of cancer stem cells in diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Life Sci 2022; 312:121211. [PMID: 36414089 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed study of pancreatic cancer (PC) and the implication of different types of cancers concerning diabetes. The combination of anti-diabetic drugs with other anti-cancer drugs and phytochemicals can help prevent and treat this disease. PC cancer stem cells (CSCs) and how they migrate and develop into malignant tumors are discussed. A detailed explanation of the different mechanisms of diabetes development, which can enhance the pancreatic CSCs' proliferation by increasing the IGF factor levels, epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, and the influence of lifestyle factors like obesity, and inflammation, has been discussed. It also explains how cancer due to diabetes is associated with high mortality rates. One of the well-known diabetic drugs, metformin, can be combined with other anti-cancer drugs and prevent the development of PC and has been taken as one of the prime focus in this review. Overall, this paper provides insight into the relationship between diabetes and PC and the methods that can be employed to diagnose this disease at an earlier stage successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Aarthi Sukumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Megha Patil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda - 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
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Ivanisevic M, Marcinko D, Vuckovic-Rebrina S, Delmis J. Positive Association between Preserved C-Peptide and Cognitive Function in Pregnant Women with Type-1 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112785. [PMID: 36359305 PMCID: PMC9687841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the cognitive function of women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. We investigated risk factors for a low cognitive score such as age, duration of Diabetes, BMI, subclinical hypothyroidism, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, the impact of hypo-/hyperglycemia, and C-peptide preservation. Material and methods. Seventy-eight pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (age 31.1 ± 5.4 years, diabetes duration 14.3 ± 8.9 years) were included in the study. Cognitive function was assessed in different domains, such as reasoning, memory, attention, coordination, and perception. Results. The cognitive test values ≥400 were considered high scores, and values <400 were considered low. Relative risks for low scores for general cognitive function were associated with increased BMI > 25 kg/m2 2.208 (95% CI 1.116−4.370), HbA1c > 6.5% RR 0.774 (95% CI 0.366−1.638), subclinical hypothyroidism RR 3.111 (95% CI 1.140−8.491), and impaired cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy RR 2.250 (95% CI 1.000−5.062). Pregnant women with a lower score for general cognitive function had higher BMI and higher leptin levels. Preserved C-peptide reduces the risk for cognitive impairment (RR 0.297 (95% CI 0.097−0.912)) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes Conclusion. BMI > 25 kg/m2, subclinical hypothyroidism, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy are associated with increased risk, and postprandial C-peptide preservation with reduced risk for cognitive impairment in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ivanisevic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Marcinko
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Vuckovic-Rebrina
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Delmis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-98-460-485
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Yang Y, Wu Y, Ji M, Rong X, Zhang Y, Yang S, Lu C, Cai C, Gao P, Guo X, Li B, Cao G. The long non-coding RNA lncMYOZ2 mediates an AHCY/MYOZ2 axis to promote adipogenic differentiation in porcine preadipocytes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:700. [PMID: 36221052 PMCID: PMC9552422 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in regulating adipogenesis. However, the associated regulatory mechanisms have yet to be described in detail in pig. In this study, we demonstrate a critical role for lncMYOZ2 in adipogenesis from porcine preadipocytes. Specifically, lncMYOZ2 was more abundant in the adipose tissue of Mashen (fat-type) pigs than for Large White (lean-type) pigs, and knockdown of this lncRNA significantly inhibited the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes into adipocytes. Mechanistically, we used RNA pull-down and RIP assays to establish that lncMYOZ2 interacts with adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY). Moreover, lncMYOZ2 knockdown increased promoter methylation of the target gene MYOZ2 and lowered its expression. Finally, we describe a positive regulatory role for MYOZ2 in adipogenesis. Collectively, these findings establish lncMYOZ2 as an important epigenetic regulator of adipogenesis via the aforementioned AHCY/MYOZ2 pathway, and provide insights into the role of lncRNAs in porcine adipose development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Mengting Ji
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoyin Rong
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-amand J. In Vitro Mimicking of Obesity-Induced Biochemical Environment to Study Obesity Impacts on Cells and Tissues. Diseases 2022; 10:76. [PMID: 36278576 PMCID: PMC9590073 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a heavy burden for modern healthcare. The main challenge facing obesity research progress is the unknown underlying pathways, which limits our understanding of the pathogenesis and developing therapies. Obesity induces specific biochemical environments that impact the different cells and tissues. In this piece of writing, we suggest mimicking obesity-induced in vivo biochemical environments including pH, lipids, hormones, cytokines, and glucose within an in vitro environment. The concept is to reproduce such biochemical environments and use them to treat the tissue cultures, explant cultures, and cell cultures of different biological organs. This will allow us to clarify how the obesity-induced biochemistry impacts such biological entities. It would also be important to try different environments, in terms of the compositions and concentrations of the constitutive elements, in order to establish links between the effects (impaired regeneration, cellular inflammation, etc.) and the factors constituting the environment (hormones, cytokines, etc.) as well as to reveal dose-dependent effects. We believe that such approaches will allow us to elucidate obesity mechanisms, optimize animal models, and develop therapies as well as novel tissue engineering applications.
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Chen X, Shi C, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li P, Gao J. The mechanisms of glycolipid metabolism disorder on vascular injury in type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:952445. [PMID: 36117707 PMCID: PMC9473659 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.952445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have severe vascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy. Devastating vascular complications lead to increased mortality, blindness, kidney failure, and decreased overall quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glycolipid metabolism disorder plays a vital role in the vascular complications of T2D. However, the specific mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In T2D patients, vascular damage begins to develop before insulin resistance and clinical diagnosis. Endothelial dysregulation is a significant cause of vascular complications and the early event of vascular injury. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can trigger inflammation and oxidative stress, which impair endothelial function. Furthermore, during the pathogenesis of T2D, epigenetic modifications are aberrant and activate various biological processes, resulting in endothelial dysregulation. In the present review, we provide an overview and discussion of the roles of hyperglycemia- and hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of T2D. Understanding the connections of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity with vascular injury may reveal a novel potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatian Chen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Yin Wang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Yu
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Li, ; Jinning Gao,
| | - Jinning Gao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Li, ; Jinning Gao,
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Espinosa-Jiménez T, Busquets O, Cano A, Sánchez-López E, Verdaguer E, Parcerisas A, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M, Camins A, Ettcheto M. Peroxisomal Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Deficiency Induces Cognitive Alterations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902047. [PMID: 35899125 PMCID: PMC9310104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ), the most PPAR abundant isotype in the central nervous system, is involved in microglial homeostasis and metabolism, whose disturbances have been demonstrated to play a key role in memory impairment. Although PPARβ/δ function is well-established in metabolism, its contribution to neuronal and specifically memory process is underexplored. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the role of PPARβ/δ in the neuropathological pathways involved in memory impairment and as to whether a risk factor implicated in memory loss such as obesity modulates neuropathological markers. To carry out this study, 6-month-old total knock-out for the Ppard gene male mice with C57BL/6X129/SV background (PPARβ/δ-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermates with the same genetic background were used. Animals were fed, after the weaning (at 21 days old), and throughout their growth, either conventional chow (CT) or a palmitic acid-enriched diet (HFD). Thus, four groups were defined: WT CT, WT HFD, PPARβ/δ-/- CT, and PPARβ/δ-/- HFD. Before sacrifice, novel object recognition test (NORT) and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. After that, animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion or cervical dislocation. Different techniques, such as GolgiStain kit or immunofluorescence, were used to evaluate the role of PPARβ/δ in memory dysfunction. Our results showed a decrease in dendritic spine density and synaptic markers in PPARβ/δ-/- mice, which were corroborated in the NORT. Likewise, our study demonstrated that the lack of PPARβ/δ receptor enhances gliosis in the hippocampus, contributing to astrocyte and microglial activation and to the increase in neuroinflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, alterations in the hippocampal insulin receptor pathway were found. Interestingly, while some of the disturbances caused by the lack of PPARβ/δ were not affected by feeding the HFD, others were exacerbated or required the combination of both factors. Taken together, the loss of PPARβ/δ-/- affects neuronal and synaptic structure, contributing to memory dysfunction, and they also present this receptor as a possible new target for the treatment of memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades—International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miren Ettcheto,
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Dong Y, Zheng Y, Zhu L, Li T, Guan Y, Zhao S, Wang Q, Wang J, Li L. Hua-Tan-Sheng-Jing Decoction Treats Obesity With Oligoasthenozoospermia by Up-Regulating the PI3K-AKT and Down-Regulating the JNK MAPK Signaling Pathways: At the Crossroad of Obesity and Oligoasthenozoospermia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896434. [PMID: 35559247 PMCID: PMC9086321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oligoasthenozoospermia is the leading cause of male infertility, seriously affecting men's health and increasing the societal medical burden. In recent years, obesity-related oligoasthenozoospermia has attracted increased attention from researchers to find a cure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Hua-Tan-Sheng-Jing decoction (HTSJD) in treating obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia, determine its active ingredients and identify its mechanism of action. Methods: The ingredients of HTSJD were determined by combining the ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and systems pharmacology approach. The common pathogenesis of obesity and oligoasthenozoospermia and the potential mechanism of HTSJD against obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia were obtained through target fishing, network construction, and enrichment analyses. Further, molecular docking of the key ingredients with the upstream receptors of the key signaling pathways of the potential mechanism was used to predict their affinity. Finally, high-fat-induced obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia rat model was constructed to determine the effects of HTSJD on semen concentration, sperm motility, body weight, and serum lipid metabolism. The key proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: A total of 70 effective components and 847 potential targets of HTSJD (H targets) were identified, of which 743 were common targets related to obesity and oligoasthenozoospermia (O-O targets) mainly enriched in the pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress and hormone regulation. Finally, 143 common targets (H-O-O targets) for HTSJD against obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia were obtained. Combining the hub genes and the results of Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of H-O-O targets, PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways were identified as the key pathways. Molecular docking results showed that Diosgenin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Hederagenin, Isorhamnetin may act on the related pathways by docking EGFR, IGF1R and INSR. The animal-based in vivo experiments confirmed that HTSJD improves the sperm quality of high-fat diet-fed rats by reducing their body weight and blood lipid levels, influencing the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways and altering the corresponding protein expressions. Conclusion: HTSJD treats obesity with oligoasthenozoospermia by up-regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, which are at the crossroad of obesity and oligoasthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxing Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shipeng Zhao
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Newman JW, Krishnan S, Borkowski K, Adams SH, Stephensen CB, Keim NL. Assessing Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Triglyceridemic Response Phenotypes With a Mixed Macronutrient Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877696. [PMID: 35634390 PMCID: PMC9131925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of meal challenge tests to assess postprandial responses in carbohydrate and fat metabolism is well established in clinical nutrition research. However, challenge meal compositions and protocols remain a variable. Here, we validated a mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT), containing 56-g palm oil, 59-g sucrose, and 26-g egg white protein for the parallel determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in clinically healthy subjects. The MMTT was administered in two study populations. In one, women with overweight/obese BMIs (n = 43) involved in an 8-week dietary intervention were administered oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and MMTTs within 2 days of each other after 0, 2, and 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. In the other, 340 men and women between 18 and 64 years of age, with BMI from 18–40 kg/m2, completed the MMTT as part of a broad nutritional phenotyping effort. Postprandial blood collected at 0, 0.5, 3, and 6 h was used to measure glucose, insulin, and clinical lipid panels. The MMTT postprandial insulin-dependent glucose disposal was evaluated by using the Matsuda Index algorithm and the 0- and 3 h blood insulin and glucose measures. The resulting MMTT insulin sensitivity index (ISIMMTT) was strongly correlated (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) with the OGTT-dependent 2 h composite Matsuda index (ISIComposite), being related by the following equation: Log (ISIComposite) = [0.8751 x Log(ISIMMTT)] –0.2115. An area under the triglyceride excursion curve >11.15 mg/mL h–1 calculated from the 0, 3, and 6 h blood draws established mild-to-moderate triglyceridemia in agreement with ∼20% greater prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than fasting indications. We also demonstrated that the product of the 0 to 3 h and 3 to 6 h triglyceride rate of change as a function of the triglyceride incremental area under the curve optimally stratified subjects by postprandial response patterns. Notably, ∼2% of the population showed minimal triglyceride appearance by 6 h, while ∼25% had increasing triglycerides through 6 h. Ultimately, using three blood draws, the MMTT allowed for the simultaneous determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in individuals without clinically diagnosed disease.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT02298725; NCT02367287].
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John W. Newman,
| | - Sridevi Krishnan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
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Kim D, Jo YS, Jo HS, Bae S, Kwon YW, Oh YS, Yoon JH. Comparative Phosphoproteomics of Neuro-2a Cells under Insulin Resistance Reveals New Molecular Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23021006. [PMID: 35055191 PMCID: PMC8781554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin in the brain is a well-known critical factor in neuro-development and regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The abnormality of brain insulin signaling is associated with the aging process and altered brain plasticity, and could promote neurodegeneration in the late stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The precise molecular mechanism of the relationship between insulin resistance and AD remains unclear. The development of phosphoproteomics has advanced our knowledge of phosphorylation-mediated signaling networks and could elucidate the molecular mechanisms of certain pathological conditions. Here, we applied a reliable phosphoproteomic approach to Neuro2a (N2a) cells to identify their molecular features under two different insulin-resistant conditions with clinical relevance: inflammation and dyslipidemia. Despite significant difference in overall phosphoproteome profiles, we found molecular signatures and biological pathways in common between two insulin-resistant conditions. These include the integrin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways, and we further verified these molecular targets by subsequent biochemical analysis. Among them, the phosphorylation levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Src were reduced in the brain from rodent AD model 5xFAD mice. This study provides new molecular signatures for insulin resistance in N2a cells and possible links between the molecular features of insulin resistance and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayea Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI hub), Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Yeon Suk Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Han-Seul Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
| | - Sungwon Bae
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.O.); (J.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-53-785-6114 (Y.-S.O.); +82-53-980-8341 (J.H.Y.)
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.O.); (J.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-53-785-6114 (Y.-S.O.); +82-53-980-8341 (J.H.Y.)
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Wang D, He B. Current Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1281-1291. [PMID: 35494531 PMCID: PMC9048954 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s362424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women. Clinically, PCOS is mainly caused by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction, manifested by anovulatory menstrual cycles, infertility, and hirsutism. In addition, PCOS increases the risk of insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression, dyslipidemia, and endometrial cancer. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as ≥5% fat accumulation in the liver in the absence of remaining secondary causes and has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD is significantly higher and more severe in women with PCOS, and its pathogenesis can be associated with various risk factors such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and genetic factors. Although there is no definitive solution for the management of NAFLD in PCOS, some progress has been made. Lifestyle modification should be the basis of management, and drugs to improve metabolism, such as insulin sensitizers and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, may show better efficacy. Bariatric surgery may also be a treatment of NAFLD in obese women with PCOS. This paper reviews three aspects of prevalence, risk factors, and management, in order to better understand the current state of research on NAFLD in PCOS, to explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD in PCOS, and to encourage further research on the application of drugs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bing He, Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-24-96615-23111, Email
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Aradillas-garcía C, Vega-cárdenas M, Flores-sánchez J, Torres-rodriguez ML, Sánchez-armáss Capello O, Vargas-morales JM, Cossío-torres PE, Terán-garcía M. Distribution of TyG index and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance for the evaluation of insulin sensitivity on late adolescence in Mexicans. NUTR HOSP 2022. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Langlois A, Dumond A, Vion J, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Crosstalk Communications Between Islets Cells and Insulin Target Tissue: The Hidden Face of Iceberg. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836344. [PMID: 35185804 PMCID: PMC8851682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of insulin secretion is under control of a complex inter-organ/cells crosstalk involving various metabolites and/or physical connections. In this review, we try to illustrate with current knowledge how β-cells communicate with other cell types and organs in physiological and pathological contexts. Moreover, this review will provide a better understanding of the microenvironment and of the context in which β-cells exist and how this can influence their survival and function. Recent studies showed that β-cell insulin secretion is regulated also by a direct and indirect inter-organ/inter-cellular communication involving various factors, illustrating the idea of "the hidden face of the iceberg". Moreover, any disruption on the physiological communication between β-cells and other cells or organs can participate on diabetes onset. Therefore, for new anti-diabetic treatments' development, it is necessary to consider the entire network of cells and organs involved in the regulation of β-cellular function and no longer just β-cell or pancreatic islet alone. In this context, we discuss here the intra-islet communication, the β-cell/skeletal muscle, β-cell/adipose tissue and β-cell/liver cross talk.
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Shea S, Lionis C, Kite C, Atkinson L, Chaggar SS, Randeva HS, Kyrou I. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Potential Links to Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1697. [PMID: 34829926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes the most common liver disease worldwide, and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. The latter represents a clustering of related cardio-metabolic components, which are often observed in patients with NAFLD and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests a positive association between metabolic syndrome and certain mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, and chronic stress). Given the strong overlap between metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, and the common underlying mechanisms that link the two conditions, it is probable that potentially bidirectional associations are also present between NAFLD and mental health comorbidity. The identification of such links is worthy of further investigation, as this can inform more targeted interventions for patients with NAFLD. Therefore, the present review discusses published evidence in relation to associations of depression, anxiety, stress, and impaired health-related quality of life with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. Attention is also drawn to the complex nature of affective disorders and potential overlapping symptoms between such conditions and NAFLD, while a focus is also placed on the postulated mechanisms mediating associations between mental health and both NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. Relevant gaps/weaknesses of the available literature are also highlighted, together with future research directions that need to be further explored.
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Chung MY, Choi HK, Hwang JT. AMPK Activity: A Primary Target for Diabetes Prevention with Therapeutic Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114050. [PMID: 34836306 PMCID: PMC8621568 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by inadequate blood glucose control and is associated with reduced quality of life and various complications, significantly shortening life expectancy. Natural phytochemicals found in plants have been traditionally used as medicines for the prevention of chronic diseases including diabetes in East Asia since ancient times. Many of these phytochemicals have been characterized as having few side effects, and scientific research into the mechanisms of action responsible has accumulated mounting evidence for their efficacy. These compounds, which may help to prevent metabolic syndrome disorders including diabetes, act through relevant intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we examine the anti-diabetic efficacy of several compounds and extracts derived from medicinal plants, with a focus on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9315; Fax: +82-63-219-9876
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Abstract
Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues - prominently in muscle, fat and liver - is one of the earliest manifestations of a constellation of human diseases that includes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are typically associated with intertwined metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest a key role for adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance, potentially by releasing lipids and other circulating factors that promote insulin resistance in other organs. These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more of the proximal components in the signalling cascade downstream of insulin (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins or AKT). However, there is now evidence to support the view that insulin resistance is a heterogeneous disorder that may variably arise in a range of metabolic tissues and that the mechanism for this effect likely involves a unified insulin resistance pathway that affects a distal step in the insulin action pathway that is more closely linked to the terminal biological response. Identifying these targets is of major importance, as it will reveal potential new targets for treatments of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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