1
|
Yu L, Guo S, Ji W, Sun H, Lee S, Zhang D. Intervention Effects of Physical Activity on Type 2 Diabetic Patients Potentially Infected with COVID-19. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1772. [PMID: 37893490 PMCID: PMC10608032 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has clearly had a great influence on the lifestyles of the population, especially on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries/regions implemented social-isolation measures, leading to an increase in negative behaviors and impairing the capability of diabetic patients to resist COVID-19, ultimately causing severe prognoses. Moreover, as the epidemic progressed, multiple studies emphasized the significance of physical exercise in the management of type 2 diabetic patients infected with COVID-19. In this study, we selected research from 1 December 2019 to 9 August 2023 that focused on COVID-19-infected diabetic patients to investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes on the immune functions, inflammation factor levels, lung injuries, and mental disorders of such patients, as well as to assess the risk of novel coronavirus pneumonia in these patients. Additionally, the effects of high-intensity, moderate-intensity, and low-intensity exercises on novel coronavirus pneumonia infection in type 2 diabetic patients and the mechanisms of the effects of such exercise were considered. We concluded that elderly diabetic patients with COVID-19 should perform low-intensity exercises to facilitate their recoveries. This study offers guidance for a proper understanding of the dangers of diabetes and the use of appropriate measures to reduce the risk of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections in type 2 diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yu
- College of Arts and Sports, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (L.Y.)
- Institute of Public Foundations, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Sainyu Guo
- College of Arts and Sports, Myongji University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen Ji
- College of Arts and Sports, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (L.Y.)
| | - Hailian Sun
- College of Arts and Sports, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (L.Y.)
| | - Seongno Lee
- College of Arts and Sports, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (L.Y.)
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 0000, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao L, Chang Q, Cong Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Effects of dietary polyphenols on maternal and fetal outcomes in maternal diabetes. Food Funct 2023; 14:8692-8710. [PMID: 37724008 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The incidences of short-term or long-term adverse maternal and fetal outcomes caused by maternal diabetes are increasing. Due to toxicity or side effects, economic pressures, and other problems associated with injections or oral hypoglycemic drugs, many researchers have investigated natural treatment methods. Polyphenols can protect against chronic pathologies by regulating numerous physiological processes and provide many health benefits. Moreover, polyphenols have anti-diabetic properties and can be used to treat diabetic complications. Diets rich in polyphenols are beneficial to pregnant women with diabetes. Here, we review the epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of dietary polyphenols on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes, and the effects of polyphenols on biological changes and possible mechanisms. Previous data (mainly from in vitro and animal experiments) showed that polyphenols can alleviate gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetic embryopathy by reducing maternal hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating related signaling pathways. Although polyphenols have shown many health benefits, further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between polyphenols and maternal diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qing Chang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhangzhao Cong
- Department of Teaching Affairs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhuxi Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsarna E, Eleftheriades A, Tsomi E, Ziogou G, Vakas P, Panoskaltsis T, Christopoulos P. The Role of Diet during Pregnancy in Protecting against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Population with Mediterranean Dietary Habits: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051857. [PMID: 36902644 PMCID: PMC10003761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder among pregnant women. Dietary habits during pregnancy might alter the risk of GDM development, and populations following the Mediterranean diet are relatively understudied. This was a cross-sectional, observational study of 193 low-risk women admitted to a private maternity hospital in Greece to give birth. Food frequency data on specific food categories, selected based on previous research, were analyzed. Logistic regression models, both crude and adjusted for maternal age, body mass index before pregnancy, and gestational weight gain, were fitted. We observed no association of carbohydrate-rich meals, sweets, soft drinks, coffee, rice, pasta, bread and crackers, potatoes, lentils, and juices with GDM diagnosis. Cereals (crude p = 0.045, adjusted p = 0.095) and fruits and vegetables (crude p = 0.07, adjusted p = 0.04) appeared to have a protective effect against GDM, while frequent tea consumption was linked to higher risk of GDM development (crude p = 0.067, adjusted p = 0.035). These results strengthen previously identified associations and underline the importance and potential impact of changing dietary habits even during pregnancy in adjusting one's risk of metabolic pregnancy complications, such as GDM. The importance of healthy dietary habits is highlighted, with the goal of raising awareness amongst obstetric care specialists regarding the provision of systematic nutrition recommendations to pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermioni Tsarna
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Eleftheriades
- Postgraduate Programme “Maternal Fetal Medicine”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymia Tsomi
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ziogou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Vakas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Panoskaltsis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Christopoulos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohajeri M, Mohajery R, Cicero AFG. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Association with Serum Inflammatory Factors Stress Oxidative and Appetite in COVID-19 Patients. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59. [PMID: 36837428 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet's bioactive components are suggested to strengthen the immune system and to exert anti-inflammatory actions. This study investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with serum inflammatory factors, total antioxidant capacity, appetite, and symptoms of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 Iranian COVID-19 patients selected by a simple random method. The ten-item Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire was used to assess diet adherence. At the beginning of the study, 5 cc of blood was taken from all patients for measurement of serum interleukin 1β) IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A human ELISA kit with serial number 950.090.096 produced by the Diaclone Company was used to test this cytokine using the sandwich ELISA method. Results: One hundred and five patients presented a high adherence and 495 patients presented a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The incidence of fever, cough, diarrhea, taste changes, and pneumonia severity index were significantly lower in patients who adhered to the Mediterranean diet more than other patients. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (5.7 ± 2.1 vs. 6.9 ± 2.8 p = 0.02), interleukin 1 beta (3.2 ± 0.02 vs. 4.9 ± 0.01 p = 0.02), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (17.08 ± 4.2 vs. 19.8 ± 2.5 p = 0.03), and malondialdehyde (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 6.2 ± 0.3 p = 0.02) were significantly lower in patients who adhered more to the Mediterranean diet than other patients. Conclusion: The Mediterranean diet can improve the symptoms and elevated serum inflammatory factors in COVID-19 patients, so clinical trial studies are suggested to confirm this effect.
Collapse
|
5
|
ÇOBANOĞULLARI HAVVA, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, DUNDAR MUNIS, BERTELLI MATTEO, TULAY PINAR. Periconceptional Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on children's health. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E65-E73. [PMID: 36479491 PMCID: PMC9710394 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, rapid and subtle physiological changes are observed from conception to birth. Nutrition and other lifestyle factors before and during pregnancy have been shown in the literature to influence the health of both mother and child. A healthy and varied diet during pregnancy can provide adequate energy and nutrients for both the mother and the growing fetus. Current research focuses on the periconceptional phase, which includes the early processes of gametogenesis, embryogenesis and placentation. A variety of abnormalities and pregnancy-related problems occur during this period, including congenital defects, fetal loss, miscarriage and preterm birth. A varied and balanced diet during periconception is important to maintain fetal development and growth. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of consuming different nutrients, foods or food groups during pregnancy on the health of mother and child. For example, the Mediterranean diet is considered as a balanced, nutrient-rich diet due to the low consumption of meat products and fatty foods and the high consumption of vegetables, cheese, olive oil, fish, shellfish and little meat. While many studies have been conducted in the literature to investigate the effects of a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on fetal health, the results have been inconclusive. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HAVVA ÇOBANOĞULLARI
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto, Italy
| | - PINAR TULAY
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Near East University, DESAM Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Pınar Tulay, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin B, Wu K, Hu L, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Duan X, Zhu B. Gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study from Hangzhou, China. J Diabetes 2022; 14:711-720. [PMID: 36181374 PMCID: PMC9574731 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our study aimed to investigate changes in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the COVID-19 pandemic and postpandemic era and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during the blockade period. METHODS First, we investigated changes in the prevalence of GDM and the population undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) after the COVID-19 pandemic. We then collected clinical information from pregnant women diagnosed with GDM to explore the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS After the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of pregnant women in the total number of outpatient OGTT tests decreased yearly. The ratio was 81.30%, 79.71%, and 75.48% from 2019 to 2021, respectively, with the highest proportion of pregnant women in February 2020 (92.03%). The prevalence of GDM was higher in March 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. However, from 2019 to 2021, the prevalence decreased year by year with 21.46%, 19.81%, and 18.48%, respectively. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during the most severe period of the COVID-19 pandemic did not differ from before the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of GDM increased during the most severe period of the epidemic, but the overall prevalence of GDM decreased year by year. In addition, the pandemic did not change the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lingwei Hu
- Department of Genetics and MetabolismThe Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wanlu Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sierawska O, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Adipokines as potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus in cats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:950049. [PMID: 36248900 PMCID: PMC9561307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is no longer only a disease of humans, but also of domestic animals, and it particularly affects cats. It is increasingly thought that because of its unique characteristics, T2DM may belong not only to the group of metabolic diseases but also to the group of autoimmune diseases. This is due to the involvement of the immune system in the inflammation that occurs with T2DM. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory substances are secreted, especially cytokines in patients with T2DM. Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue are called adipokines, and leptin, adiponectin, resistin, omentin, TNF-α, and IL-6 have been implicated in T2DM. In cats, approximately 90% of diabetic cases are T2DM. Risk factors include older age, male sex, Burmese breed, presence of obesity, and insulin resistance. Diagnosis of a cat requires repeated testing and is complicated compared to human diagnosis. Based on similarities in the pathogenesis of T2DM between humans and cats, adipokines previously proposed as biomarkers for human T2DM may also serve in the diagnosis of this disease in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sierawska
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Olga Sierawska,
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao H, Baranova A, Wei X, Wang C, Zhang F. Bidirectional causal associations between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28100. [PMID: 36029131 PMCID: PMC9538258 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have reported high comorbidity between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe COVID-19. However, the causality between T2D and COVID-19 has yet to be validated. We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess genetic relationships and potential causal associations between T2D and three COVID-19 outcomes (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and critical COVID-19). Molecular pathways connecting SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 were reconstructed to extract insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the connection. We identified a high genetic overlap between T2D and each COVID-19 outcome (genetic correlations 0.21-0.28). The MR analyses indicated that genetic liability to T2D confers a causal effect on hospitalized COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.12) and critical COVID-19 (1.09, 1.03-1.16), while genetic liability to SARS-CoV-2 infection exerts a causal effect on T2D (1.25, 1.00-1.56). There was suggestive evidence that T2D was associated with an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection (1.02, 1.00-1.03), while critical COVID-19 (1.06, 1.00-1.13) and hospitalized COVID-19 (1.09, 0.99-1.19) were associated with an increased risk for T2D. Pathway analysis identified a panel of immunity-related genes that may mediate the links between T2D and COVID-19 at the molecular level. Our study provides robust support for the bidirectional causal associations between T2D and COVID-19. T2D may contribute to amplifying the severity of COVID-19, while the liability to COVID-19 may increase the risk for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVirginiaUSA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVirginiaUSA,Research Centre for Medical GeneticsMoscowRussia
| | - Xuejuan Wei
- Fengtai District Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center in BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Medical PsychologyThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Institute of NeuropsychiatryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramirez Zegarra R, Dall’Asta A, Revelli A, Ghi T. COVID-19 and Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Nutrition and Pharmacological Intervention in Preventing Adverse Outcomes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173562. [PMID: 36079820 PMCID: PMC9460671 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women with GDM affected by COVID-19 seem to be at higher risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, especially those with overweight or obesity. Good glycemic control seems to be the most effective measure in reducing the risk of GDM and severe COVID-19. For such purposes, the Mediterranean diet, micronutrient supplementation, and physical activity are considered the first line of treatment. Failure to achieve glycemic control leads to the use of insulin, and this clinical scenario has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. In this review, we explore the current evidence pertaining to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 leading to the main complications caused by COVID-19 in patients with GDM. We also discuss the incidence of complications caused by COVID-19 in pregnant women with GDM according to their treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Ramirez Zegarra
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Dall’Asta
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Revelli
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Tullio Ghi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Calagna G, Catinella V, Polito S, Schiattarella A, De Franciscis P, D’Antonio F, Calì G, Perino A, Cucinella G. Vitamin D and Male Reproduction: Updated Evidence Based on Literature Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163278. [PMID: 36014783 PMCID: PMC9412569 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the vitamin D (VD) effect on male infertility. Our research was conducted using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library. Selection criteria included all published randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies, focusing on vitamin D and male reproductive function. The results showed that the effects of VD on male reproduction has been investigated in three different topics: the molecular mechanism underlying VD effects on semen quality (SQ), the relationship between VD levels and SQ, and the effect of VD supplementation on SQ. Results supported the hypothesis of a relevant interrelation between concentrations of male VD and semen parameters, with particular reference to sperm motility; on the contrary, evidence on the effect of VD on male sex steroid hormone levels was inconclusive. The results of this review hold up the thesis that VD plays a role in male reproduction. Most of the data highlighted a positive effect on semen quality, particularly in sperm motility, both in fertile and infertile men. Additional dedicated studies are required to elucidate the still controversial aspects of this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Calagna
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Villa Sofia Cervello” Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Catinella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Fondazione per gli Studi sulla Riproduzione Umana”–Clinica Candela, Via Valerio Villareale 54, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Polito
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Villa Sofia Cervello” Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-39-2165-3275
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Antonio
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calì
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Fondazione per gli Studi sulla Riproduzione Umana”–Clinica Candela, Via Valerio Villareale 54, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Perino
- IVF Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Palermo, Via G. Cusmano 24, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Villa Sofia Cervello” Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Fumia A, Miller A, Cernigliaro C, Zaccone M, Salamone V, Mastrantonio E, Gangemi S, Pioggia G, Cicero N. Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122534. [PMID: 35745263 PMCID: PMC9227584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. These containment measures have contributed to exacerbate situations of anxiety and stress, especially in pregnant women, who are already particularly anxious about their condition. Alterations in the psychological state of pregnant women are related to alterations in the immune system, which is more vulnerable under stress. COVID-19 could therefore find fertile soil in these individuals and risk more severe forms. Normally a controlled dietary regimen is followed during pregnancy, but the use of particular vitamins and micronutrients can help counteract depressive-anxiety states and stress, can improve the immune system, and provide an additional weapon in the defense against COVID-19 to bring the pregnancy to fruition. This review aims to gather data on the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and psychological condition of pregnant women and to assess whether some micronutrients can improve their psychophysical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Caterina Cernigliaro
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Zaccone
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Vanessa Salamone
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Enza Mastrantonio
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.F.); (N.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. The disease is on the rise worldwide with deleterious consequences on the fetus, mother, and children. The study aimed to review the role of lifestyle in the prevention of GDM. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar from the first published article up to December 2021; articles were eligible if they were controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and case-control. Out of 5559 articles retrieved, 66 full texts were screened, and 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. (6 studies assessed the effects of diet, and 13 were on exercise). The dietary intervention showed significant positive effect on GDM, odd ratio = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.56-84, P-value for overall effect = 0.002. The DASH diet was better than Mediterranean Diet (odd ratio, 0.71, 95% CI, 68-74, P-value < 0.001). Regarding exercise, no significant prevention was evident on GDM, odd ratio, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.55-1.06, P-value = 0.11. However, a significant prevention of gestational diabetes was found when the exercise was mild-moderate (odd ratio = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.53-80, P < 0.0001) and started in the first trimester (odd ratio, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.43-0.75, P < 0.0001. No significant effect was found when the exercise was vigorous (odd ratio = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.50-2.38, P = 0.83) and started during the second trimester of pregnancy (odd ratio, 1.08, 95% CI, 0.65-1.80, P = 0.77. Diet and early mild-moderate exercise were effective in GDM prevention. Exercise during the second trimester and moderate-vigorous were not. Further studies assessing the type, duration, and frequency of physical activity are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riyadh A Alzaheb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Generation of three-dimensional (3D)-structured functional human islets is expected to be an alternative cell source for cadaveric human islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offer infinite resources for newly synthesized human islets. Recent advancements in hPSCs technology have enabled direct differentiation to human islet-like clusters, which can sense glucose and secrete insulin, and those islet clusters can ameliorate diabetes when transplanted into rodents or non-human primates (NHPs). However, the generated hPSC-derived human islet-like clusters are functionally immature compared with primary human islets. There remains a challenge to establish a technology to create fully functional human islets in vitro, which are functionally and transcriptionally indistinguishable from cadaveric human islets. Understanding the complex differentiation and maturation pathway is necessary to generate fully functional human islets for a tremendous supply of high-quality human islets with less batch-to-batch difference for millions of patients. In this review, I summarized the current progress in the generation of 3D-structured human islets from pluripotent stem cells and discussed the importance of adapting physiology for in vitro functional human islet organogenesis and possible improvements with environmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yoshihara
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jimah T, Kehoe P, Borg H, Pimentel P, Rahmani A, Dutt N, Guo Y. A Micro-Level Analysis of Physiological Responses to COVID-19: Continuous Monitoring of Pregnant Women in California. Front Public Health 2022; 10:808763. [PMID: 35462830 PMCID: PMC9021503 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.808763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of perinatal women in a descriptive case study allowed us the opportunity to examine the time during which the COVID-19 infection led to physiological changes in two low-income pregnant women. An important component of this study was the use of a wearable sensor device, the Oura ring, to monitor and record vital physiological parameters during sleep. Two women in their second and third trimesters, respectively, were selected based on a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. Both women were tested using the polymerase chain reaction method to confirm the presence of the virus during which time we were able to collect these physiological data. In both cases, we observed 3-6 days of peak physiological changes in resting heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory rate (RR), as well as sleep surrounding the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. The pregnant woman in her third trimester showed a significant increase in resting HR (p = 0.006) and RR (p = 0.048), and a significant decrease in HRV (p = 0.027) and deep sleep duration (p = 0.029). She reported experiencing moderate COVID-19 symptoms and did not require hospitalization. At 38 weeks of gestation, she had a normal delivery and gave birth to a healthy infant. The participant in her second trimester showed similar physiological changes during the 3-day peak period. Importantly, these changes appeared to return to the pre-peak levels. Common symptoms reported by both cases included loss of smell and nasal congestion, with one losing her sense of taste. Results suggest the potential to use the changes in cardiorespiratory responses and sleep for real-time monitoring of health and well-being during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jimah
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Priscilla Kehoe
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Holly Borg
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Pimentel
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amir Rahmani
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Future Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nikil Dutt
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yuqing Guo
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kahramanoglu Ö, Schiattarella A, Demirci O, Sisti G, Ammaturo FP, Trotta C, Ferrari F, Rapisarda AMC. Preeclampsia: state of art and future perspectives. A special focus on possible preventions. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:766-777. [PMID: 35469530 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterised by the new onset of hypertension after the 20th week of pregnancy, with or without proteinuria or hypertension that leads to end-organ dysfunction. Since the only definitive treatment is delivery, PE still represents one of the leading causes of preterm birth and perinatal mobility and mortality. Therefore, any strategies that aim to reduce adverse outcomes are based on early primary prevention, prenatal surveillance and prophylactic interventions. In the last decade, intense research has been focussed on the study of predictive models in order to identify women at higher risk accurately. To date, the most effective screening model is based on the combination of anamnestic, demographic, biophysical and maternal biochemical factors. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion about the current and future perspectives in the field of PE. We will examine pathogenesis, risk factors and clinical features. Moreover, recent developments in screening and prevention strategies, novel therapies and healthcare management strategies will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kahramanoglu
- Department of Perinatology, Zeynep Kamil Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Oya Demirci
- Department of Perinatology, Zeynep Kamil Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Sisti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Health and Hospitals/Lincoln, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Franco Pietro Ammaturo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Trotta
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruszała M, Pilszyk A, Niebrzydowska M, Kimber-trojnar Ż, Trojnar M, Leszczyńska-gorzelak B. Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4364. [PMID: 35457182 PMCID: PMC9031541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become a major public health problem and one of the most discussed issues in modern obstetrics. GDM is associated with serious adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term health consequences for both the mother and child. Currently, the importance and purposefulness of finding a biopredictor that will enable the identification of women with an increased risk of developing GDM as early as the beginning of pregnancy are highly emphasized. Both “older” molecules, such as adiponectin and leptin, and “newer” adipokines, including fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), have proven to be of pathophysiological importance in GDM. Therefore, in our previous review, we presented 13 novel biomolecules, i.e., galectins, growth differentiation factor-15, chemerin, omentin-1, osteocalcin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin, irisin, apelin, FABP4, fibroblast growth factor 21, and lipocalin-2. The purpose of this review is to present the potential and importance of another nine lesser known molecules in the pathogenesis of GDM, i.e., 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), angiopoietin-like protein-8 (ANGPTL-8), nesfatin-1, afamin, adropin, fetuin-A, zonulin, secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), and amylin. It seems that two of them, fetuin-A and zonulin in high serum levels, may be applied as biopredictors of GDM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gerini F, Fantechi T, Contini C, Casini L, Scozzafava G. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19: A Segmentation Analysis of Italian and US Consumers. Sustainability 2022; 14:3823. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to implement restrictions on individual freedom to stop the contagion. The imposition of lockdowns has affected many socio-economic aspects and, in particular, eating habits, highlighting the need to analyse the healthiness of new consumption patterns. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary model universally recognized as healthy, that have occurred both during and since the lockdown. The subsequent profiling of consumers allowed us to understand which sociodemographic and psychographic factors favoured the development of more or less adherence to Mediterranean diet consumption patterns. The study was conducted by administering a questionnaire to a representative sample of Italians and New Yorkers. Both groups, defined by deep socio-economic differences and by their own eating habits compared to the Mediterranean diet model, were affected by similar lockdown measures. The data collected were processed by cluster analysis that allowed to identify four homogeneous groups with respect to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet model. The results highlight a worrying situation with respect to the impacts of the pandemic on maintaining a proper dietary style according to the principles of the Mediterranean diet. In fact, there has been a general worsening trend due to an increase in consumption, in part linked to emotional eating, which is a cause for concern about the potential future impacts on the health of consumers. The study highlights the need, therefore, to implement actions by public decision-makers aimed at raising the awareness of citizens on the issue of correct eating habits and at developing adequate food policies to stem the trend towards unhealthy diets.
Collapse
|
18
|
Elsmore A, Redjepova O, Wright J, Malarselvi M, Karkhanis P. Tailoring the response to COVID-19: experiences of an inner city maternity unit with a virtual patient surveillance approach. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1715-1721. [PMID: 35179441 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2033965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study outlines the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present the success of our 'COVID Surveillance Team' - a dedicated team of midwives and medics that regularly contact patients, identifying early any need for escalation of care. Data were collected prospectively from March to September 2020. Patients are followed up by our team for 14 days following diagnosis, via telephone. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied. Fifty-five women were diagnosed with COVID-19. 39/55 (70.9%) were of BAME background. 10/55 (18%) had medical comorbidities. 35/55 (63.6%) were diagnosed in the 3rd trimester, 7/55 (12.7%) were postnatal. Three women (5.4%) required critical care unit admission. One was transferred to a tertiary centre for extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), one patient died. Of the 43 deliveries, 28 (65.1%) underwent caesarean section. 11/45 (24.4%) of babies were born preterm. Eight babies were tested for COVID-19, one was positive. Our study demonstrates most pregnant women suffer mild illness, with no adverse outcomes for mother or neonate. We highlight the success of our COVID surveillance team, that should be considered best practice and consideration should be given for adoption by other maternity units to enhance patient safety.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Many studies present maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in the pregnant population, demonstrating most patients suffer mild disease with minimal adverse outcomes.What do the results of this study add? We highlight the important work of our COVID surveillance team, and the positive impact it has had on the wellbeing and safety of our women. We believe we are the first maternity unit in the UK to adopt and report on a virtual patient surveillance approach supporting our patients and leading to increased patient safety.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our surveillance team has proved very successful and has been described as exemplar by NHS England and promoted as best practice. This approach could be adopted by other units, within the UK and further afield, for the benefit of women's health and safety. The team has shared their guidance and standard operating procedure with maternity units across the UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elsmore
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Joselle Wright
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mani Malarselvi
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pallavi Karkhanis
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kagawa Y. Influence of Nutritional Intakes in Japan and the United States on COVID-19 Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030633. [PMID: 35276992 PMCID: PMC8839931 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The U.S. and Japan are both democratic industrialized societies, but the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million people in the U.S. (including Japanese Americans) are 12.1-times and 17.4-times higher, respectively, than those in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diet on preventing COVID-19 infection. An analysis of dietary intake and the prevalence of obesity in the populations of both countries was performed, and their effects on COVID-19 infection were examined. Approximately 1.5-times more saturated fat and less eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid are consumed in the U.S. than in Japan. Compared with food intakes in Japan (100%), those in the U.S. were as follows: beef 396%, sugar and sweeteners 235%, fish 44.3%, rice 11.5%, soybeans 0.5%, and tea 54.7%. The last four of these foods contain functional substances that prevent COVID-19. The prevalence of obesity is 7.4- and 10-times greater in the U.S. than in Japan for males and females, respectively. Mendelian randomization established a causal relationship between obesity and COVID-19 infection. Large differences in nutrient intakes and the prevalence of obesity, but not racial differences, may be partly responsible for differences in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 between the U.S. and Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kagawa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Preda A, Stefan AG, Vladu IM, Fortofoiu MC, Clenciu D, Fortofoiu M, Gheorghe IO, Comanescu AC, Mota M. Analysis of Risk Factors for the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Group of Romanian Patients. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2367213. [PMID: 35694616 PMCID: PMC9184202 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2367213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is caused by numerous risk factors, the most common being old age, obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, GDM, history of fetal macrosomia, history of polycystic ovary syndrome or treatment with particular drugs, multiple births, and certain races. The study proposed to analyze the risk factors causing GDM. METHOD In the study, we included 97 pregnant women to whom there was an OGTT performed between weeks 24th and 28th of pregnancy, divided into two groups, with GDM and without GDM. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0, the tests being statistically significant if p value < 0.05. RESULTS The favoring risk factors for the onset of GDM were analyzed, with statistically significant differences between the GDM group and the group without GDM related to the delivery age (32.39 ± 4.66 years old vs. 28.61 ± 4.71 years old), history of fetal macrosomia (13.7% vs. 0%), presence of GDM during previous pregnancies (7.8% vs. 0%), HBP before pregnancy (9.8% vs. 0%), gestational HBP (17.6% vs. 0%), glycemia value at first medical visit (79.37 ± 9.34 mg/dl vs. 71.39 ± 9.16 mg/dl), and weight gain during pregnancy (14.61 ± 4.47 kg vs. 12.48 ± 5.87 kg). CONCLUSIONS Identifying the risk factors for the GDM onset has a special importance, implying an early implementation of interventional measures in order to avoid the onset of GDM and associated maternal and fetal complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnesa Preda
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Romania
| | - Adela Gabriela Stefan
- Department of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Calafat Municipal Hospital, Calafat, Romania
| | - Ionela Mihaela Vladu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mircea-Catalin Fortofoiu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Diana Clenciu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Fortofoiu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioan Ovidiu Gheorghe
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Public Health Department Gorj, Romania
| | | | - Maria Mota
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wacker-Gussmann A, Schopen J, Engelhard J, Sitzberger C, Lienert N, Ewert P, Müller A, Schmidt G, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Lobmaier SM. The Impact of Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy on the Cardiovascular System of Children at One Year of Age. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245839. [PMID: 34945134 PMCID: PMC8707570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy. The effect of GDM on the cardiovascular system after birth is still unclear. Between August 2015 and December 2018, 205 pregnant women were included in the prospective controlled observational study. Patients with GDM were assigned to the study group (n = 99), whereas (n = 107) healthy women served as controls. Postnatal follow up of their offspring was performed at 12 months of age. All included children (n = 125) underwent a specific standardized protocol including anthropometric data, such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) recordings and ultrasound measurements of the abdominal aortic intima-media-thickness (IMT). Furthermore, at least 10 min 3-channel electrocardiogram recording was done to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by phase rectified signal averaging. There were no significant differences in anthropometric data between the groups, neither in the blood pressure nor in the intima-media-thickness of the aorta abdominals. However, in the study group, significantly lower average acceleration capacity (AAC) (study group −20.10 ± 3.04 ms, control group −18.87 ± 4.00 ms, p = 0.02) was found, indicating ANS activation at one year of age. Further studies are required to determine if these results are persistent and if these findings have long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Wacker-Gussmann
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (C.S.); (N.L.); (R.O.-F.)
- German Heart Center, Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, 80663 Munich, Germany; (J.S.); (P.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Judith Schopen
- German Heart Center, Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, 80663 Munich, Germany; (J.S.); (P.E.)
| | - Jana Engelhard
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (C.S.); (N.L.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Christina Sitzberger
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (C.S.); (N.L.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Nadine Lienert
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (C.S.); (N.L.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Peter Ewert
- German Heart Center, Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, 80663 Munich, Germany; (J.S.); (P.E.)
| | - Alexander Müller
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Georg Schmidt
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (C.S.); (N.L.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Silvia Maria Lobmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Hania A, Muzaffar A, Zia S. Post Traumatic Growth for Gestational Diabetic Patients During COVID-19: Role of Partner Supportive Communication and Family Environment. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:1017-1023. [PMID: 34737650 PMCID: PMC8560127 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s332514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leading a normal life and managing daily psychological or physical stress is hard for everybody but when a person is diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during a widespread pandemic, the battle is inescapable. This research aimed to explore some positive dimensions that can lessen the adversities of these women. Design and Methods We assessed all 200 cases of GDM who were registered in the maternity wards of the government and private hospitals of South Punjab, Pakistan. Respondents were diagnosed with GDM during the first wave of COVID-19. Post-traumatic growth (PTG) inventory, Family environment scale, and Partner supportive communication (PSC) scale were used. SEM and moderation analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results Result showed that elicitation of thoughts and feelings (β = 0.109, t-value = 3.501, p = 0.001), effective listening (β = −0.144, t-value = 1.928, p = 0.054), and communication towards partner (β = −0.209, t-value = 4.850, p = 0.005) significantly moderated the relationship between family environment and post traumatic growth. Practical Implications This research is beneficial for health practitioners because the trauma of being diagnosed with such a disease can be alleviated by the role of family environment and PSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wang
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Alishba Hania
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Muzaffar
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biviá-Roig G, Boldó-Roda A, Blasco-Sanz R, Serrano-Raya L, DelaFuente-Díez E, Múzquiz-Barberá P, Lisón JF. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lifestyles and Quality of Life of Women With Fertility Problems: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:686115. [PMID: 34350151 PMCID: PMC8326371 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.686115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has implied worldwide the imposition of confinement measures and mobility restrictions, to a greater or lesser extent. It has also meant the closure of some public medical services such as reproductive care. This situation may have impacted the health-related behaviour and quality of life of women with fertility problems. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of confinement and the suspension of reproductive medical care on the lifestyle (diet, physical exercise, and smoking habits), anxiety and depression, and quality of life of infertile women by comparing their pre- and post-confinement situations. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional, internet-based study. Information was collected on these women's adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS questionnaire), physical exercise (IPAQ-SF), anxiety and depression (HADS), and quality of life related to fertility (FertiQol) before, during, and after confinement. The survey was conducted between 1 September and 28 October 2020. Results: A total of 85 women participated. There had been a significant increase in anxiety and depression levels (P < 0.001) and an increase in tobacco consumption among female smokers during confinement vs. pre-confinement (62.5% had increased their consumption). The participants had also increased the mean number of hours they spent sitting (P < 0.001). There had also been an increase in vigorous and moderate exercise levels by 40 and 30%, respectively (P = 0.004). However, no differences were observed in these patients' eating habits as a result of confinement (P = 0.416). When the reproduction service was resumed, the participants showed higher anxiety level scores (P = 0.001) with respect to the pre-confinement situation as well as lower mean FertiQol scale score (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Confinement had increased anxiety and depression levels among these infertile women as well as tobacco use among the participants who were smokers. The prolonged closure of reproductive care units decreased the quality of life of the participants of this study. These results suggest the need to implement online programs to improve healthy habits and quality of life of this population group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Biviá-Roig
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Boldó-Roda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetricia, La Plana University Hospital, Vila-Real, Spain
| | - Ruth Blasco-Sanz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetricia, La Plana University Hospital, Vila-Real, Spain
| | - Lola Serrano-Raya
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetricia, Hospital of Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Múzquiz-Barberá
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Lisón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Luthra-Guptasarma M, Guptasarma P. Does chronic inflammation cause acute inflammation to spiral into hyper-inflammation in a manner modulated by diet and the gut microbiome, in severe Covid-19? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000211. [PMID: 34213801 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose that hyper-inflammation (HYPi) is a ''runaway'' consequence of acute inflammation (ACUi) that arises more easily (and also abates less easily) in those who host a pre-existing chronic inflammation (CHRi), because (i) most factors involved in generating an ACUi to limit viral proliferation are already present when there is an underlying CHRi, and also because (ii) anti-inflammatory (AI) mechanisms for the abatement of ACUi (following containment of viral proliferation) are suppressed and desensitized where there is an underlying CHRi, with this causing the ACUi to spiral into a HYPi. Stress, pollution, diet, and gut microbiomes (alterable in weeks through dietary changes) have an intimate and bidirectional cause-effect relationship with CHRi. We propose that avoidance of CHRi-promoting foods and adoption of CHRi-suppressing foods could reduce susceptibility to HYPi, in Covid-19 and in other viral diseases, such as influenza, which are characterized by episodic and unpredictable HYPi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Purnananda Guptasarma
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salem AM. Variation of Leptin During Menstrual Cycle and Its Relation to the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis: A Systematic Review. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:445-458. [PMID: 34007218 PMCID: PMC8121381 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s309299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, adipose tissue has been identified as endocrine organ in addition to its action as energy store; it produces a large number of biologically active mediators known as adipocytokines. Significantly, adipocytokines were found to be involved in the physiology of many body functions, including reproduction. The role of body weight, body fat compositions, and nutrition has been largely investigated using animal models and human studies. Malnutrition and/or abnormal body weight may induce disturbances in fertility, puberty, pregnancy, and menstrual cycles. Leptin was the first discovered adipocytokine, and a large body of data over the last 25 years has shown that leptin is not only a molecule that reflects energy stores in the body, but is also an important cytokine involved in many physiological functions, such as inflammatory response, insulin sensitivity, bone metabolism, immunity, and most importantly, reproductive function. Leptin controls the normal physiology of the female reproductive system; it interacts with the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis by a complex mechanism that connects energy homeostasis with reproduction. However, observational studies have demonstrated inconsistent results about leptin variation during normal menstrual cycle, and the mechanisms involved in the interplay between leptin and the hormones of the HPG axis are largely unknown. This review focuses on leptin variation during normal menstrual cycles and its relation to the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, and the effect of overweight/obesity on leptin during menstrual cycle is further reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mosavat M, Mirsanjari M, Lwaleed BA, Kamarudin M, Omar SZ. Adipocyte-Specific Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (AFABP) and Chemerin in Association with Gestational Diabetes: A Case-Control Study. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5533802. [PMID: 34007846 PMCID: PMC8100411 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5533802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines participate in regulating the inflammatory response in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. However, among these peptides, the role of adipocyte-specific fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP), chemerin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gestational diabetes (GDM) has not been fully investigated. METHOD The maternal fasting level of adipocytokines of 53 subjects with GDM and 43 normal pregnant (NGDM) was measured using multiplex immunoassay at 24-28 weeks, before delivery, immediate postpartum, and 2-6 months postpuerperium. RESULTS Higher levels of AFABP were associated with a 3.7-fold higher risk of GDM. Low chemerin levels were associated with a 3.6-fold higher risk of GDM. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was inversely associated with the risk of GDM. SPARC had no association with GDM. AFABP was directly correlated to interleukin-6 (r = 0.50), insulin resistance index (r = 0.26), and body mass index (r = 0.28) and inversely correlated to C-reactive protein (r = -0.27). Chemerin levels were directly and strongly correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.41) and interleukin-4 (r = 0.50) and inversely correlated to insulin resistance index (r = -0.23) in GDM but not NGDM. In the longitudinal assessment, there were no significant differences in AFABP and chemerin concentrations of both studied groups. CONCLUSION AFABP and chemerin were associated with a higher risk of GDM. These adipocytokines were related to insulin resistance, body mass index, and inflammation in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosavat
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mitra Mirsanjari
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Fereidonkenar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Maherah Kamarudin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shmuel K, Dalia M, Tair L, Yaakov N. Low pH Hypromellose (Taffix) nasal powder spray could reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection rate post mass-gathering event at a highly endemic community: an observational prospective open label user survey. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1325-1330. [PMID: 33759682 PMCID: PMC8022337 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1908127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Bney Brak city tops Israel’s COVID-19 infection rate and mortality. Before the Jewish New Year (two-day gathering) SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates were 17.6% and reached 28.1% two weeks later Taffix – an innovative nasal powder creates a protective gel over the nasal mucosa blocking viruses from infecting nasal cells, was tested for efficacy in preventing SARS CoV2 infection. Methods: In a prospective users survey, 243 members of an ultra-orthodox community that participated in two days prayers were followed for 14 days following this ‘superspread’ event. Eighty-three used Taffix throughout holiday’s prayers and the following two weeks (ITT). Eighty-one used it regularly (PP). Two used it rarely if at all. The remaining 160 did not use Taffix. Results: After 14 days, 0/81 (0%) of (PP) Tafffix users, 2/83 (2.4%) of (ITT) Taffix users and 16/160 (10%) nonusers were infected. Odds ratio for infection among Taffix users was 0.22, a reduction of 78% (95%CI 1%–95%). No side effects reported. Conclusion: Taffix could be an additional tool against COVID19 spread, in addition to recommended safety measures. This is the first time that a prevention measure of SARS-CoV-2, beyond the use of masks, has proved effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klang Shmuel
- Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, School of Public Health Israel, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Megiddo Dalia
- clinical development, Nasus Pharma, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lapidot Tair
- clinical development, Nasus Pharma, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naparstek Yaakov
- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem Israel, and the Scientific Director of Meuhedet HMO Research Institute, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Isabey EP, Pylypjuk CL. The Relationship between Fetal Abdominal Wall Thickness and Intrapartum Complications amongst Mothers with Pregestational Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5544599. [PMID: 34195292 PMCID: PMC8184339 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5544599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the utility of fetal abdominal wall thickness (AWT) for predicting intrapartum complications amongst mothers with pregestational type 2 diabetes. METHODS This was a historical cohort study of pregnant mothers with pregestational type 2 diabetes delivering at a Canadian tertiary-care center between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018. Delivery records were reviewed to collect information about demographics and peripartum complications. Stored fetal ultrasound images from 36 weeks' gestation were reviewed to collect fetal biometry and postprocessing measurement of AWT performed in a standardized fashion by 2 blinded and independent observers. The relationship between fetal AWT was then correlated with risk of intrapartum complications including emergency Caesarean section (CS) and shoulder dystocia. RESULTS 216 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes had planned vaginal deliveries and were eligible for inclusion. Mean maternal age was 31.3 years, and almost all were overweight or obese at the time of delivery (96.8%). Overall, the incidence of shoulder dystocia and emergency intrapartum CS was 7.4% and 17.6%, respectively. There was no difference in mean fetal AWT between those having a spontaneous vaginal delivery (8.2 mm (95% CI 7.9-8.5)) and those needing emergency intrapartum CS (8.1 mm (95% CI 7.4-8.8); p = 0.71) or shoulder dystocia (8.7 mm (95% CI 7.9-9.5); p = 0.23). There was strong interobserver correlation of AWT measurements (r = 0.838; p < 0.00001). The strongest association with intrapartum complications was birthweight (p = 0.003): with birthweight > 4000 grams, the relative risk of shoulder dystocia or CS is 2.75 (95% CI 1.74-4.36; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was no obvious benefit of AWT measurement at 36 weeks for predicting shoulder dystocia or intrapartum CS amongst women with type 2 diabetes in our population. The strongest predictor of intrapartum complications remained birthweight, and so studies for improving estimation of fetal weight and evaluating the role of intrapartum ultrasound for predicting risk of delivery complications are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Paige Isabey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3A 1R9
| | - Christy L. Pylypjuk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3A 1R9
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3E 3P4
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun J, Chai S, Zhao X, Yuan N, Du J, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang X. Predictive Value of First-Trimester Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Chinese Population Cohort Study. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5537110. [PMID: 33928166 PMCID: PMC8053049 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring the predictive value of first-trimester glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 744 pregnant women registered at the Peking University International Hospital between March 2017 and March 2019 were included in this study. Data on personal characteristics and biochemical indicators of the pregnant women were collected during the first trimester. The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups has adopted specific diagnostic criteria as the gold standard for the diagnosis of GDM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistics were used to assess the predictive value of first-trimester HbA1c levels in the diagnosis of GDM. HbA1c levels in the first trimester were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (5.23% ± 0.29% vs. 5.06 ± 0.28%, P < 0.05). The first-trimester HbA1c level was an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of HbA1c for GDM was 0.655 (95% confidence interval 0.620-0.689, P < 0.001). The positive likelihood ratio was the highest at HbA1c = 5.9%, sensitivity was 2.78, and specificity was 99.83%. There was no statistical difference in AUC between fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (P = 0.407). First-trimester HbA1c levels can be used to predict GDM. The risk of GDM was significantly increased in pregnant women with first-trimester HbA1c levels > 5.9%. There was no statistical difference between first-trimester HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels in predicting GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sanbao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu ZN, Jiang Y, Liu XQ, Yang MM, Chen C, Zhao BH, Huang HF, Luo Q. MiRNAs in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:4632745. [PMID: 34869778 PMCID: PMC8635917 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4632745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication which is normally diagnosed in the second trimester of gestation. With an increasing incidence, GDM poses a significant threat to maternal and offspring health. Therefore, we need a deeper understanding of GDM pathophysiology and novel investigation on the diagnosis and treatment for GDM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenic small noncoding RNAs with a length of approximately 19-24 nucleotides, have been reported to exert their function in gene expression by binding to proteins or being enclosed in membranous vesicles, such as exosomes. Studies have investigated the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM and their potential as noninvasive biological candidates for the management of GDM, including diagnosis and treatment. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiological significance of miRNAs in GDM development and their potential function in GDM clinical diagnosis and therapeutic approach. In this review, we summarized an integrated expressional profile and the pathophysiological significance of placental exosomes and associated miRNAs, as well as other plasma miRNAs such as exo-AT. Furthermore, we also discussed the practical application of exosomes in GDM postpartum outcomes and the potential function of several miRNAs as therapeutic target in the GDM pathological pathway, thus providing a novel clinical insight of these biological signatures into GDM therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Nan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xuan-Qi Liu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Bai-Hui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mierzyński R, Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Dłuski D, Kamiński M, Mierzyńska A, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. The Potential Role of Chemerin, Lipocalin 2, and Apelin in the Diagnosis and Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5547228. [PMID: 34212049 PMCID: PMC8211493 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5547228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) still remains not fully clear, and multiple studies have analyzed their potential contribution to the pathophysiology of this pregnancy complication. This study is aimed at evaluating serum chemerin, lipocalin 2, and apelin concentrations in GDM and healthy pregnant patients, assessing the correlation between these adipokines, and suggesting the potential role of these cytokines in the diagnosis and pathophysiology of GDM. The study comprised 237 pregnant women: 153 with GDM and 84 with physiological pregnancy. Serum concentrations of chemerin, lipocalin 2, and apelin were obtained at 24-29 weeks of gestation. The mean concentrations of chemerin and lipocalin 2 were significantly higher in the GDM group. The concentration of apelin was slightly higher in the GDM group, but not statistically significant. The strong positive correlation between chemerin and lipocalin 2 concentrations was noticed in both groups. Our data suggest that maternal chemerin and lipocalin 2 may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of GDM. We imply that these adipokines could potentially be established as novel biomarkers for the early identification of GDM. However, more studies are needed to analyze the effect of these adipokines on glucose metabolism during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radzisław Mierzyński
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Dłuski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamiński
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mierzyńska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Asiedu-Danso M, Kretchy IA, Sekyi JK, Koduah A. Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications among Women with Gestational Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9941538. [PMID: 34395632 PMCID: PMC8363457 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9941538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal adherence to prescribed medications in women with gestational diabetes is relevant for perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE To summarize available information on the prevalence and factors contributing to medication adherence in women with gestational diabetes from the biological and psychosocial perspectives. METHODS A literature search on adherence in gestational diabetes was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies published on the topic. The Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews was used to explore and summarize the evidence. RESULTS A total of 2395 studies were retrieved of which 13 fully met the eligibility criteria. The studies were reported in Zimbabwe (n = 5), Iran (n = 1), Mexico (n = 1), South India (n = 1), the United States of America (n = 4), and one multinational study covering Australia, Europe, North and South America. The main types of antidiabetic medications used were insulin (n = 6), metformin (n = 4), and glyburide (n = 2). The prevalence of adherence ranged from 35.6% to 97%, with the assessment tool being self-report measures (n = 8). The main factors associated with nonadherence included worsening pregnancy symptoms, side effects of medications, perceived risks, mental health symptoms, poor social support, and socioeconomic status. Recommendations that evolved from the studies to improve adherence included education, counselling, improved support networks, and social interventions, while the main reported interventional study employed continuous education on the impact of adherence on perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION Medication nonadherence in gestational diabetes seems to be influenced by multiple factors with some educational interventions positively impacting adherence behaviours. Thus, future research in women with gestational diabetes could consider interventions from a multifactorial perspective to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Asiedu-Danso
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG, 43 Legon, Ghana
| | - Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG, 43 Legon, Ghana
| | - Jeremiah Kobby Sekyi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG, 43 Legon, Ghana
| | - Augustina Koduah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG, 43 Legon, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vasile FC, Preda A, Ștefan AG, Vladu MI, Forțofoiu MC, Clenciu D, Gheorghe IO, Forțofoiu M, Moța M. An Update of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5266919. [PMID: 34840988 PMCID: PMC8616668 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5266919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious and frequent pregnancy complication that can lead to short and long-term risks for both mother and fetus. Different health organizations proposed different algorithms for the screening, diagnosis, and management of GDM. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), together with physical exercise and frequent self-monitoring, represents the milestone for GDM treatment in order to reduce maternal and fetal complications. The pregnant woman should benefit from her family support and make changes in their lifestyles, changes that, in the end, will be beneficial for the whole family. The aim of this manuscript is to review the literature about the Medical Nutrition Therapy in GDM and its crucial role in GDM management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnesa Preda
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
| | - Adela Gabriela Ștefan
- Department of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Calafat Municipal Hospital, Calafat, Dolj, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionela Vladu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy”, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy”, Craiova, Romania
| | - Diana Clenciu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy”, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioan Ovidiu Gheorghe
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
- Public Health Department Gorj, Romania
| | - Maria Forțofoiu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
- Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy”, Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Moța
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania
| |
Collapse
|