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Martelli F, Bernini V, Neviani E, Vasconcelos V, Urbatzka R. Lactic acid fermented microalgae and cyanobacteria as a new source of lipid reducing compounds: assessment through zebrafish Nile red fat metabolism assay and untargeted metabolomics. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38712867 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most important threats to human health. Besides existing pharmacological or clinical interventions, novel effective and largely available solutions are still necessary. Among diverse natural resources, microalgae are well known for their complexity in the production of novel secondary metabolites. At the same time, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known for their capacity to metabolize, through fermentation, different matrices, and consequently to modify or produce new compounds with potential bioactivity. This work aimed to study the production of fermented microalgae and cyanobacteria, and to analyse their extracts in the zebrafish Nile red fat metabolism assay. Three microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum sp. and Arthrospira platensis) were fermented with seven strains of LAB from 4 species (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei), derived from the UPCCO - University of Parma Culture Collection, Parma, Italy). All the selected strains were able to ferment the selected species of microalgae, and the most suitable substrate for LAB growth was Arthrospira platensis. Extracts from fermented Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum sp. reduced significantly the neutral lipid reservoirs, which was not observed without fermentations. The strongest lipid reducing effect was obtained with Arthrospira platensis fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus 1932. Untargeted metabolomics identified some compound families, which could be related to the observed bioactivity, namely fatty acids, fatty amides, triterpene saponins, chlorophyll derivatives and purine nucleotides. This work opens up the possibility of developing novel functional foods or food supplements based on microalgae, since lactic acid fermentation enhanced the production of bioactive compounds with lipid reducing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle scienze 49/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Valentina Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle scienze 49/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Erasmo Neviani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale delle scienze 49/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Alotaiby S, Zhao X, Boesch C, Sergeeva NN. Sustainable approach towards isolation of photosynthetic pigments from Spirulina and the assessment of their prooxidant and antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2024; 436:137653. [PMID: 37832415 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, chlorophyll and phycocyanin are three types of photosynthetic pigments found in Spirulina that differ in colour, composition, stability, solubility, and commercial importance. Such diversity of structures creates a challenge to extract these pigments simultaneously from the same batch of raw material in an efficient and sustainable manner. This study demonstrates that water can be successfully used as a single solvent together with combined (non)mechanical cell membrane disruption techniques (ultrasonication, centrifugation, freezing/thawing cycle) to extract these photosynthetic pigments from the same batch. This water-based approach delivers a significant improvement in isolating green pigments, which are often overlooked during extraction due to a preference for blue and yellow pigments. Chlorophyll was quantitatively converted to its stable derivatives to carry out a comparative analysis of antioxidant properties (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP), singlet oxygen production and intracellular activities (MTT, ROS assays) using Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorog Alotaiby
- School of Design, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Zhao
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia N Sergeeva
- School of Design, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; The Leeds Institute of Textile and Colour, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Silva NG, Preto M, Vasconcelos V, Urbatzka R. Reduction of neutral lipid reservoirs, bioconversion and untargeted metabolomics reveal distinct roles for vitamin K isoforms on lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2024; 15:2170-2180. [PMID: 38312068 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin K isoforms are known as co-factors for the synthesis of blood-clotting proteins, but several other bioactivities were reported. In this work, we isolated a vitamin K1-analogue (OH-PhQ) from the cyanobacterium Tychonema sp. LEGE 07196 with lipid reducing activity. OH-PhQ reduced neutral lipid reservoirs with an EC50 value of 31 μM after 48 h exposure in zebrafish larvae, while other vitamin K isoforms had EC50 values of 21.1 μM (K2) and 1.2 μM (K3). No lipid reducing activity was observed for K1 up to 50 μM. The presence of vitamin K isoforms was studied in zebrafish after exposure (OH-PhQ, K1, K2 and K3), and a clear preference for bioconversion was observed to retain K1 and OH-PhQ. Untargeted metabolomics revealed different biological effects for vitamin K isoforms on the subclass and metabolite level, but similarities were present on the compound class level, particularly on the regulation of glycerophospholipids. Our data showed for the first time a lipid reducing activity of OH-PhQ and performed a comparative analysis of vitamin K isoforms, which could be important for the development of future nutraceuticals or food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Gonçalves Silva
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- FCUP, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Preto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- FCUP, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Bose S, Dahat Y, Kumar D, Haldar S, Das SK. A membrane targeted multifunctional cationic nanoparticle conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN): induced membrane depolarization and lipid solubilization to accelerate the killing of Staphylococcus aureus. Mater Horiz 2024; 11:661-679. [PMID: 37830433 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are one of the growing concerns for human health care management globally. Antibiotic-associated adverse effects and the emergence of bacterial resistant strains necessitate the development of an alternative yet effective approach. Nanoemulsion-based therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to combat bacterial infestation. Herein, we designed a cationic metal nanoparticle-conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN) as a lipid solubilizing nanovesicle for the effective treatment of S. aureus infection with a killing efficiency of 99.999%. The cationic nanoparticle-conjugated nanoemulsion (viz. NECNP) (24.4 ± 2.9 mV) electrostatically bound with the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane (-10.2 ± 3.7 mV) causing alteration of the bacterial surface charge. The fluorometric and flow cytometry studies confirmed the bacterial membrane depolarization and altered cell membrane permeability leading to cell death. The atomic force microscopic studies further demonstrated the damage of the cellular ultrastructure, while the transmission electron microscopic image and membrane lipid solubilization analysis depicted the solubilization of the bacterial membrane lipid bilayer along with the leakage of the intracellular contents. The cell membrane fatty acid analysis revealed that the methyl esters of palmitic acid, stearic acid and octadecadienoic acid isomers were solubilized after the treatment of S. aureus with CFusoN. The bactericidal killing efficiency of CFusoN is proposed to occur through the synergistic efficacy of the targeted attachment of CNP to the bacterial cells along with the lipid solubilization property of NE. Interestingly, NECNP didn't elicit any in vitro hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity against red blood cells (RBCs) and L929 fibroblast cells, respectively, at its bactericidal concentration. Furthermore, a porcine skin wound infection model exhibited the enhanced wound cleansing potency of CFusoN in comparison to the commercially available wound cleansers. The obtained antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and skin wound disinfection efficacy of the NECNP demonstrated the formulation of a cell targeted CFusoN as a promising translatable strategy to combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somashree Bose
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Yogita Dahat
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata-700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata-700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division (ARDD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), NH37, Pulibor, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Wang Y, Gu Z, Dong J, Zhu J, Liu C, Li G, Lu M, Han J, Cao S, Chen L, Wang W. Green synthesis of chlorella-derived carbon dots and their fluorescence imaging in zebrafish. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1459-1463. [PMID: 38188260 PMCID: PMC10768801 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have been shown to exhibit exceptional water solubility, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, stable fluorescence properties with a wide and continuous excitation spectrum, and an adjustable emission spectrum. Their remarkable characteristics make them highly promising for applications in the field of bioimaging. Zebrafish is currently extensively studied because of its high genetic homology with humans and the applicability of disease research findings from zebrafish to humans. Therefore, spirulina, a commonly used feed additive in aquaculture, was chosen as the raw material for synthesizing fluorescent CDs using a hydrothermal method. On the one hand, CDs can modulate dopamine receptors in the brain of zebrafish, leading to an increase in dopamine production and subsequently promoting their locomotor activity. On the other hand, CDs have been shown to enhance the intestinal anti-inflammatory capacity of zebrafish. This study aimed to explore the chronic toxicity and genotoxicity of CDs in zebrafish while providing valuable insights for their future application in biological and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhihi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jingyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Cunguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Meichen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Shengnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 233030 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023 China
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Carrasco Del Amor A, Bautista RH, Ussar S, Cristobal S, Urbatzka R. Insights into the mechanism of action of the chlorophyll derivative 13- 2-hydroxypheophytine a on reducing neutral lipid reserves in zebrafish larvae and mice adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176158. [PMID: 37898286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and natural products may hold promise in its treatment. The chlorophyll derivative 13-2-hydroxypheophytine (hpa) was isolated in a screen with zebrafish larvae to identify lipid reducing molecules from cyanobacteria. However, the mechanisms underlying the lipid-reducing effects of hpa in zebrafish larvae remain poorly understood. Thus, investigating the mechanism of action of hpa and validation in other model organisms such as mice represents important initial steps. In this study, we identified 14 protein targets of hpa in zebrafish larvae by thermal proteome profiling, and selected two targets (malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase) involved in cellular metabolism for further validation by enzymatic measurements. Our findings revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of pyruvate kinase by hpa exposure using protein extracts of zebrafish larvae in vitro, and in exposure experiments from 3 to 5 days post fertilization in vivo. Analysis of untargeted metabolomics of zebrafish larvae detected 940 mass peaks (66 increased, 129 decreased) and revealed that hpa induced the formation of various phospholipid species (phosphoinositol, phosphoethanolamine, phosphatidic acid). Inter-species validation showed that brown adipocytes exposed to hpa significantly reduced the size of lipid droplets, increased maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and the expression of PPARy during adipocyte differentiation. In line with our data, previous work described that reduced pyruvate kinase activity lowered hepatic lipid content via reduced pyruvate and citrate, and improved mitochondrial function via phospholipids. Thus, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the lipid reducing activities of hpa in zebrafish larvae, and species overlapping functions in reduction of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carrasco Del Amor
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Rene Hernandez Bautista
- RG Adipocyte and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocyte and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Ribeiro T, Jónsdóttir K, Hernandez-Bautista R, Silva NG, Sánchez-Astráin B, Samadi A, Eiriksson FF, Thorsteinsdóttir M, Ussar S, Urbatzka R. Metabolite Profile Characterization of Cyanobacterial Strains with Bioactivity on Lipid Metabolism Using In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:498. [PMID: 37755111 PMCID: PMC10533020 DOI: 10.3390/md21090498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have demonstrated their therapeutic potential for many human diseases. In this work, cyanobacterial extracts were screened for lipid reducing activity in zebrafish larvae and in fatty-acid-overloaded human hepatocytes, as well as for glucose uptake in human hepatocytes and ucp1 mRNA induction in murine brown adipocytes. A total of 39 cyanobacteria strains were grown and their biomass fractionated, resulting in 117 chemical fractions. Reduction of neutral lipids in zebrafish larvae was observed for 12 fractions and in the human hepatocyte steatosis cell model for five fractions. The induction of ucp1 expression in murine brown adipocytes was observed in six fractions, resulting in a total of 23 bioactive non-toxic fractions. All extracts were analyzed by untargeted UPLC-Q-TOF-MS mass spectrometry followed by multivariate statistical analysis to prioritize bioactive strains. The metabolite profiling led to the identification of two markers with lipid reducing activity in zebrafish larvae. Putative compound identification using mass spectrometry databases identified them as phosphatidic acid and aromatic polyketides derivatives-two compound classes, which were previously associated with effects on metabolic disorders. In summary, we have identified cyanobacterial strains with promising lipid reducing activity, whose bioactive compounds needs to be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (T.R.); (N.G.S.); (B.S.-A.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kristín Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (K.J.); (A.S.); (F.F.E.); (M.T.)
| | - Rene Hernandez-Bautista
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.H.-B.); (S.U.)
| | - Natália Gonçalves Silva
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (T.R.); (N.G.S.); (B.S.-A.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 1021, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Begoña Sánchez-Astráin
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (T.R.); (N.G.S.); (B.S.-A.)
| | - Afshin Samadi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (K.J.); (A.S.); (F.F.E.); (M.T.)
- Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST EU), Campus E7.1, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Finnur F. Eiriksson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (K.J.); (A.S.); (F.F.E.); (M.T.)
- ArcticMass, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Margrét Thorsteinsdóttir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (K.J.); (A.S.); (F.F.E.); (M.T.)
- ArcticMass, Sturlugata 8, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.H.-B.); (S.U.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (T.R.); (N.G.S.); (B.S.-A.)
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Perera RMTD, Herath KHINM, Sanjeewa KKA, Jayawardena TU. Recent Reports on Bioactive Compounds from Marine Cyanobacteria in Relation to Human Health Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1411. [PMID: 37374193 DOI: 10.3390/life13061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocean is a valuable natural resource that contains numerous biologically active compounds with various bioactivities. The marine environment comprises unexplored sources that can be utilized to isolate novel compounds with bioactive properties. Marine cyanobacteria are an excellent source of bioactive compounds that have applications in human health, biofuel, cosmetics, and bioremediation. These cyanobacteria exhibit bioactive properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-obesity effects, making them promising candidates for drug development. In recent decades, researchers have focused on isolating novel bioactive compounds from different marine cyanobacteria species for the development of therapeutics for various diseases that affect human health. This review provides an update on recent studies that explore the bioactive properties of marine cyanobacteria, with a particular focus on their potential use in human health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M T D Perera
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana 10206, Sri Lanka
| | - K H I N M Herath
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura 60170, Sri Lanka
| | - K K Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana 10206, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Martínez-García M, Garduño-Solórzano G, Lopes G, Sanchez BA, Urbatzka R, Hentschke GS, Campos JE, Vasconcelos VMO. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Obesity Potential of Extracts Containing Phenols, Chlorophyll and Carotenoids from Mexican Wild Populations of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040620. [PMID: 37106820 PMCID: PMC10135869 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Some of the species of the genus Bacopa have been used in Pharmacopoeia worldwide. However, in Mexico, Bacopa monnieri has neither been extensively cultivated nor studied, nor has their use in traditional medicine been reported. The aim of this work was to assess the taxonomic verification of the four wild populations of B. monnieri, the chemical content of their pigments and phenols and to provide an analysis of their potential bioactivity. B. monnieri wild populations from Mexico were validated using molecular markers. Chromatographic profiling using HPLC-PDA revealed 21 compounds comprising 12 chlorophylls and nine carotenoids; of the latter, the major ones were lutein (0.921 ± 0.031 μg/mg of dry extract) and β-carotene (0.095 ± 0.003 μg/mg of dry extract). The total phenolic content, determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, ranged from 54.8 ± 5.8 to 70.3 ± 2.2 µg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mg. Plant extracts scavenged from the free radical DPPH in IC50 ranged from 130.6 ± 3.0 to 249.9 ± 12.1 µg dry extract/mL. In terms of the anti-inflammatory potential, the most effective extract was from a soil-based plant from Jalisco (BS), reduced from nitric oxide in a RAW 264.7 culture medium, with an IC50 value of 134 µg of dry extract/mL. The BS extract showed a significant neutral lipid-reducing activity in the zebrafish model, ranging from 3.13 μg/mL p < 0.05 to 100 μg/mL p < 0.0001. Overall, the extracts analyzed here for the first time seem promising for future use because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Martínez-García
- Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Gloria Garduño-Solórzano
- IZTA Herbarium, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Graciliana Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Begoña Astrain Sanchez
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Scotta Hentschke
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge E Campos
- Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Mewaba Goulefack S, Nguefa Happi E, Dongmo Tékapi Tsopgni W, Nangmou Nkouayeb BM, Popwo Tameye SC, Azebaze AGB. Bioactive constituents from Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner (Rubiaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Regueiras A, Huguet Á, Conde T, Couto D, Domingues P, Domingues MR, Costa AM, da Silva JL, Vasconcelos V, Urbatzka R. Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Steatosis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010009. [PMID: 35049863 PMCID: PMC8781425 DOI: 10.3390/md20010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Regueiras
- Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Group, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.R.); (Á.H.); (V.V.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Huguet
- Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Group, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.R.); (Á.H.); (V.V.)
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (D.C.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (D.C.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (D.C.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.C.); (D.C.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Costa
- Allmicroalgae, R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal; (A.M.C.); (J.L.d.S.)
| | | | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Group, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.R.); (Á.H.); (V.V.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Group, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.R.); (Á.H.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Ferreira L, Morais J, Preto M, Silva R, Urbatzka R, Vasconcelos V, Reis M. Uncovering the Bioactive Potential of a Cyanobacterial Natural Products Library Aided by Untargeted Metabolomics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:633. [PMID: 34822504 PMCID: PMC8624515 DOI: 10.3390/md19110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC) holds a vast number of cyanobacteria whose chemical richness is still largely unknown. To expedite its bioactivity screening we developed a natural products library. Sixty strains and four environmental samples were chromatographed, using a semiautomatic HPLC system, yielding 512 fractions that were tested for their cytotoxic activity against 2D and 3D models of human colon carcinoma (HCT 116), and non-cancerous cell line hCMEC/D3. Six fractions showed high cytotoxicity against 2D and 3D cell models (group A), and six other fractions were selected by their effects on 3D cells (group B). The metabolome of each group was organized and characterized using the MolNetEnhancer workflow, and its processing with MetaboAnalyst allowed discrimination of the mass features with the highest fold change, and thus the ones that might be bioactive. Of those, mass features without precedented identification were mostly found in group A, indicating seven possible novel bioactive molecules, alongside in silico putative annotation of five cytotoxic compounds. Manual dereplication of group B tentatively identified nine pheophytin and pheophorbide derivatives. Our approach enabled the selection of 7 out of 60 cyanobacterial strains for anticancer drug discovery, providing new data concerning the chemical composition of these cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Preto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Raquel Silva
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
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13
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Lizano-Fallas V, Carrasco Del Amor A, Cristobal S. Systematic analysis of chemical-protein interactions from zebrafish embryo by proteome-wide thermal shift assay, bridging the gap between molecular interactions and toxicity pathways. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104382. [PMID: 34555547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interaction between chemicals and proteins often promotes alteration of cellular function. One of the challenges of the toxicology is to predict the impact of exposure to chemicals. Assessing the impact of exposure implies to understand their mechanism of actions starting from identification of specific protein targets of the interaction. Current methods can mainly predict effects of characterized chemicals with knowledge of its targets, and mechanism of actions. Here, we show that proteome-wide thermal shift methods can identify chemical-protein interactions and the protein targets from bioactive chemicals. We analyzed the identified targets from a soluble proteome extracted from zebrafish embryo, that is a model system for toxicology. To evaluate the utility to predict mechanism of actions, we discussed the applicability in four cases: single chemicals, chemical mixtures, novel chemicals, and novel drugs. Our results showed that this methodology could identify the protein targets, discriminate between protein increasing and decreasing in solubility, and offering additional data to complement the map of intertwined mechanism of actions. We anticipate that the proteome integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay, as it is defined here for the unbiased identification of protein targets of chemicals could bridge the gap between molecular interactions and toxicity pathways. SIGNIFICANCE: One of the challenges of the environmental toxicology is to predict the impact of exposure to chemicals on environment and human health. Our phenotype should be explained by our genotype and the environmental exposure. Genomic methodologies can offer a deep analysis of human genome that alone cannot explain our risks of disease. We are starting to understand the key role of exposure to chemicals on our health and risks of disease. Here, we present a proteomic-based method for the identification of soluble proteins interacting with chemicals in zebrafish embryo and discuss the opportunities to complement the map of toxicity pathway perturbations. We anticipate that this PISA assay could bridge the gap between molecular interactions and toxicity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lizano-Fallas
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Ana Carrasco Del Amor
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden.; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain..
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14
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Bellver M, Costa SLD, Sanchez BA, Vasconcelos V, Urbatzka R. Inhibition of Intestinal Lipid Absorption by Cyanobacterial Strains in Zebrafish Larvae. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:161. [PMID: 33803803 DOI: 10.3390/md19030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, which is increasing worldwide. The reduction of dietary lipid intake is considered an interesting pathway to reduce fat absorption and to affect the chronic energy imbalance. In this study, zebrafish larvae were used to analyze effects of cyanobacteria on intestinal lipid absorption in vivo. In total, 263 fractions of a cyanobacterial library were screened for PED6 activity, a fluorescent reporter of intestinal lipases, and 11 fractions reduced PED6 activity > 30%. Toxicity was not observed for those fractions, considering mortality, malformations or digestive physiology (protease inhibition). Intestinal long-chain fatty acid uptake (C16) was reduced, but not short-chain fatty acid uptake (C5). Alteration of lipid classes by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) or lipid processing by fluorescent HPTLC was analyzed, and 2 fractions significantly reduced the whole-body triglyceride level. Bioactivity-guided feature-based molecular networking of LC-MS/MS data identified 14 significant bioactive mass peaks (p < 0.01, correlation > 0.95), which consisted of 3 known putative and 11 unknown compounds. All putatively identified compounds were known to be involved in lipid metabolism and obesity. Summarizing, some cyanobacterial strains repressed intestinal lipid absorption without any signs of toxicity and could be developed in the future as nutraceuticals to combat obesity.
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15
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Lee HG, Lu YA, Je JG, Jayawardena TU, Kang MC, Lee SH, Kim TH, Lee DS, Lee JM, Yim MJ, Kim HS, Jeon YJ. Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, and Its Chlorophyll Derivative on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Suppression of Lipid Accumulation through Downregulation of Adipogenic Protein Expression. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:91. [PMID: 33557339 PMCID: PMC7916037 DOI: 10.3390/md19020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grateloupia elliptica (G. elliptica) is a red seaweed with antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities. However, the anti-obesity activity of G. elliptica has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the effect of G. elliptica ethanol extract on the suppression of intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells by Oil Red O staining (ORO) was evaluated. Among the eight red seaweeds tested, G. elliptica 60% ethanol extract (GEE) exhibited the highest inhibition of lipid accumulation. GEE was the only extract to successfully suppress lipid accumulation among ethanol extracts from eight red seaweeds. In this study, we successfully isolated chlorophyll derivative (CD) from the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) of GEE by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaluated their inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CD significantly suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, CD suppressed adipogenic protein expression such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Taken together, our results indicate that CD from GEE inhibits lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis via the downregulation of adipogenic protein expressions in the differentiated adipocytes. Therefore, chlorophyll from G. elliptica has a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and it could be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Yu-An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Naturetech Co., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon 27858, Korea;
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (J.-M.L.); (M.-J.Y.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (J.-G.J.); (T.U.J.)
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16
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2019 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 719 citations (701 for the period January to December 2019) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 440 papers for 2019), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Methods used to study marine fungi and their chemical diversity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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17
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Leuci R, Brunetti L, Poliseno V, Laghezza A, Loiodice F, Tortorella P, Piemontese L. Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2020; 10:E29. [PMID: 33374186 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from plants and fungi are stimulating growing interest in consumers and, consequently, in the food and supplement industries. The beneficial effects of these natural compounds are being thoroughly studied and there are frequent updates about the biological activities of old and new molecules isolated from plants and fungi. In this article, we present a review of the most recent literature regarding the recent discovery of secondary metabolites through isolation and structural elucidation, as well as the in vitro and/or in vivo evaluation of their biological effects. In particular, the possibility of using these bioactive molecules in the prevention and/or treatment of widely spread pathologies such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.
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18
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Fernandes AS, Nascimento TC, Pinheiro PN, de Rosso VV, de Menezes CR, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Insights on the intestinal absorption of chlorophyll series from microalgae. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110031. [PMID: 33648259 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility and subsequent uptake by Caco-2 human intestinal cells of chlorophyll pigments from Scenedesmus obliquus were determined for the first time. In order to evaluate the impact of different types of the matrix on bioaccessibility of chlorophyll from microalgae, three different products were evaluated: isolated chlorophyll extract (ICE); wet ultrasonicated biomass (WUB); and whole dried biomass (WDB). The samples were submitted to in vitro digestion model according to the INFOGEST protocol, and Caco-2 cells determined the intestinal uptake. Chlorophyll pigments were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. A total of ten chlorophyll pigments (8,318.48 µg g-1) were separated in S. obliquus biomass, with chlorophyll a (3,507.76 µg g-1) and pheophytin a' (1,598.09 µg g-1) the major ones. After in vitro digestion, all tested products showed bioaccessible chlorophylls. However, the total bioaccessibility results were as follows: ICE (33.45%), WUB (2.65%), WDB (0.33%). Five compounds were bioaccessible in ICE, three in WUB, and one in WDB. The hydroxypheophytin a showed the highest bioaccessibility (212%) in ICE, while pheophytin a' in WUB (11%) and WDB (2%). As a result, bioavailability estimates of ICE using the Caco-2 cell showed hydroxypheophytin a (102.53%), followed by pheophytin a' (64.69%) as the chlorophyll pigments most abundant in intestinal cells. In summary, from a nutritional perspective, these three types of the matrix (WDB, WUB, and ICE) influence the promotion of chlorophyll bioaccessibility. In this way, the data suggest that chlorophylls bioaccessibility from ICE is greater than that in WDB and WUB. Therefore, ICE should be considered a product that provides bioavailable chlorophyll and could be the best choice, such as ingredients in the development of functional foods chlorophyll-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrêssa S Fernandes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiele C Nascimento
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila N Pinheiro
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Santos 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Cristiano R de Menezes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Q Zepka
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
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Saraswati, Giriwono PE, Iskandriati D, Tan CP, Andarwulan N. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, free radical (DPPH) scavenging, and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of Sargassum cristaefolium lipid-soluble fraction and putative identification of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109702. [PMID: 33233276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum brown seaweed is well-known to contain several bioactive compounds which exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Lipophilic extracts and fractions of Sargassum were reported to possess promising anti-inflammatory activity. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Sargassum cristaefolium crude lipid extract and its fractions. The brown seaweed was obtained from Awur Bay, Jepara - Indonesia. Crude lipid fractionation was performed using normal phase column chromatography, and three different fractions (dichloromethane, acetone, methanol) were produced. The results showed that treatment of acetone fraction exerted strongest nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, both in pre-incubated and co-incubated cell culture models. This outcome was in accordance with its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Metabolite profiling of lipid fractions was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry, while the orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis was conducted to determine some features with significant correlation to the bioactivity. There were 14 feature candidates considered from both positive and negative ionization mode datasets. Seven out of them were putatively identified as pheophytin a (1), all-trans fucoxanthin (2), 132-hydroxy-pheophytin a (3), pheophorbide a (4), 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (6), 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (10), and 1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-2-(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatetraenoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn glycerol (12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Puspo Edi Giriwono
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University 16680, Indonesia; Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University 16680, Indonesia
| | - Diah Iskandriati
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University 16151, Indonesia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuri Andarwulan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University 16680, Indonesia; Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University 16680, Indonesia.
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Bel Mabrouk S, Reis M, Sousa ML, Ribeiro T, Almeida JR, Pereira S, Antunes J, Rosa F, Vasconcelos V, Achour L, Kacem A, Urbatzka R. The Marine Seagrass Halophila stipulacea as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E88. [PMID: 32013082 DOI: 10.3390/md18020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms, including seagrasses, are important sources of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, organic extracts of the marine seagrass Halophila stipulacea obtained by different polarities from leaves (L) and stems (S) (hexane [HL, HS], ethyl acetate [EL, ES], and methanol [ML, MS]) were tested for different bioactivities. The screening comprehended the cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines grown as a monolayer culture or as multicellular spheroids (cancer), glucose uptake in cells (diabetes), reduction of lipid content in fatty acid-overloaded liver cells (steatosis), and lipid-reducing activity in zebrafish larvae (obesity), as well as the antifouling activity against marine bacteria (microfouling) and mussel larval settlement (macrofouling). HL, EL, HS, and ES extracts showed statistically significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The extracts did not have any significant effect on glucose uptake and on the reduction of lipids in liver cells. The EL and ML extracts reduced neutral lipid contents on the larvae of zebrafish with EC50 values of 2.2 µg/mL for EL and 1.2 µg/mL for ML. For the antifouling activity, the HS and ML extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) against the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis plantigrade larvae. The metabolite profiling using HR-LC-MS/MS and GNPS (The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) analyses identified a variety of known primary and secondary metabolites in the extracts, along with some unreported molecules. Various compounds were detected with known activities on cancer (polyphenols: Luteolin, apeginin, matairesinol), on metabolic diseases (polyphenols: cirsimarin, spiraeoside, 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate; amino acids: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine), or on antifouling (fatty acids: 13-decosenamide; cinnamic acids: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic), which could be, in part, responsible for the observed bioactivities. In summary, this study revealed that Halophila stipulacea is a rich source of metabolites with promising activities against obesity and biofouling and suggests that this seagrass could be useful for drug discovery in the future.
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Carrasco Del Amor A, Freitas S, Urbatzka R, Fresnedo O, Cristobal S. Application of Bioactive Thermal Proteome Profiling to Decipher the Mechanism of Action of the Lipid Lowering 13 2-Hydroxy-pheophytin Isolated from a Marine Cyanobacteria. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E371. [PMID: 31234367 DOI: 10.3390/md17060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The acceleration of the process of understanding the pharmacological application of new marine bioactive compounds requires identifying the compound protein targets leading the molecular mechanisms in a living cell. The thermal proteome profiling (TPP) methodology does not fulfill the requirements for its application to any bioactive compound lacking chemical and functional characterization. Here, we present a modified method that we called bTPP for bioactive thermal proteome profiling that guarantees target specificity from a soluble subproteome. We showed that the precipitation of the microsomal fraction before the thermal shift assay is crucial to accurately calculate the melting points of the protein targets. As a probe of concept, the protein targets of 132-hydroxy-pheophytin, a compound previously isolated from a marine cyanobacteria for its lipid reducing activity, were analyzed on the hepatic cell line HepG2. Our improved method identified 9 protein targets out of 2500 proteins, including 3 targets (isocitrate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase) that could be related to obesity and diabetes, as they are involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. This study demonstrated that the bTPP method can accelerate the field of biodiscovery, revealing protein targets involved in mechanisms of action (MOA) connected with future applications of bioactive compounds.
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