1
|
Gao L, Qin Y, Zhou X, Jin W, He Z, Li X, Wang Q. Microalgae as future food: Rich nutrients, safety, production costs and environmental effects. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172167. [PMID: 38580118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The improvement of food security and nutrition has attracted wide attention, and microalgae as the most promising food source are being further explored. This paper comprehensively introduces basic and functional nutrients rich in microalgae by elaborated tables incorporating a wide variety of studies and summarizes factors influencing their accumulation effects. Subsequently, multiple comparisons of nutrients were conducted, indicating that microalgae have a high protein content. Moreover, controllable production costs and environmental friendliness prompt microalgae into the list that contains more promising and reliable future food. However, microalgae and -based foods approved and sold are limited strictly, showing that safety is a key factor affecting dietary consideration. Notably, sensory profiles and ingredient clarity play an important role in improving the acceptance of microalgae-based foods. Finally, based on the bottleneck in the microalgae food industry, suggestions for its future development were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yujia Qin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongqi He
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams J, Pettorelli N, Hartmann AC, Quinn RA, Plaisance L, O'Mahoney M, Meyer CP, Fabricius KE, Knowlton N, Ransome E. Decline of a distinct coral reef holobiont community under ocean acidification. Microbiome 2024; 12:75. [PMID: 38627822 PMCID: PMC11022381 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbes play vital roles across coral reefs both in the environment and inside and upon macrobes (holobionts), where they support critical functions such as nutrition and immune system modulation. These roles highlight the potential ecosystem-level importance of microbes, yet most knowledge of microbial functions on reefs is derived from a small set of holobionts such as corals and sponges. Declining seawater pH - an important global coral reef stressor - can cause ecosystem-level change on coral reefs, providing an opportunity to study the role of microbes at this scale. We use an in situ experimental approach to test the hypothesis that under such ocean acidification (OA), known shifts among macrobe trophic and functional groups may drive a general ecosystem-level response extending across macrobes and microbes, leading to reduced distinctness between the benthic holobiont community microbiome and the environmental microbiome. RESULTS We test this hypothesis using genetic and chemical data from benthic coral reef community holobionts sampled across a pH gradient from CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea. We find support for our hypothesis; under OA, the microbiome and metabolome of the benthic holobiont community become less compositionally distinct from the sediment microbiome and metabolome, suggesting that benthic macrobe communities are colonised by environmental microbes to a higher degree under OA conditions. We also find a simplification and homogenisation of the benthic photosynthetic community, and an increased abundance of fleshy macroalgae, consistent with previously observed reef microbialisation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel structural shift in coral reefs involving macrobes and microbes: that the microbiome of the benthic holobiont community becomes less distinct from the sediment microbiome under OA. Our findings suggest that microbialisation and the disruption of macrobe trophic networks are interwoven general responses to environmental stress, pointing towards a universal, undesirable, and measurable form of ecosystem changed. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Williams
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Aaron C Hartmann
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laetitia Plaisance
- Laboratoire Evolution Et Diversité Biologique, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, France
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Michael O'Mahoney
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Chris P Meyer
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | | | - Nancy Knowlton
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Emma Ransome
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernández-Urcera J, Romero A, Cruz P, Vasconcelos V, Figueras A, Novoa B, Rodríguez F. Screening of Microalgae for Bioactivity with Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Assays. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38666867 PMCID: PMC11048355 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are a rich reservoir of natural compounds, including bioactives. Nonetheless, these organisms remain fairly unexplored despite their potential biotechnological applications. Culture collections with diverse taxonomic groups and lifestyles are a good source to unlock this potential and discover new molecules for multiple applications such as the treatment of human pathologies or the production of aquaculture species. In the present work extracts from thirty-three strains (including twenty dinoflagellates, four diatoms and nine strains from seven other algal classes), cultivated under identical conditions, were examined for their antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Among these, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities were detected in a few strains while the antibacterial tests showed positive results in most assays. In turn, most trials did not show any anti-cancer activity. Significant differences were observed between species within the same class, in particular dinoflagellates, which were better represented in this study. These preliminary findings pave the way for an in-depth characterization of the extracts with highest signals in each test, the identification of the compounds responsible for the biological activities found and a further screening of the CCVIEO culture collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-Urcera
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (P.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (P.C.); (V.V.)
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frleta Matas R, Radman S, Čagalj M, Šimat V. Influence of Nutrient Deprivation on the Antioxidant Capacity and Chemical Profile of Two Diatoms from Genus Chaetoceros. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:96. [PMID: 38393067 PMCID: PMC10890447 DOI: 10.3390/md22020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited availability of phosphate, nitrogen and silicon in the growth media affects the growth, cellular processes, and metabolism of diatoms. Silicon deficiency primarily affects diatom morphology, while phosphate deficiency reduces the production of nucleic acids and phospholipids. Differences in pigment and protein composition are mainly due to nitrogen deficiency. In this study, Chaetoceros socialis and Chaetoceros costatus were cultured under phosphate, nitrogen, and silicon deprivation conditions. The diatom biomass was collected during the stationary growth phase and extracted with 70% ethanol under ultrasonication. The chemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS), while the antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Pigments, fatty acids, sterols, and derivatives were detected in both species. The total phenolic content in the extracts ranged from 46.25 ± 1.08 to 89.38 ± 6.21 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L and from 29.58 ± 1.08 to 54.17 ± 1.18 mg GAE/L. for C. costatus and C. socialis, respectively. Antioxidant activity was higher in C. costatus extracts, especially those obtained from nitrogen-deprived media. The results of this study contribute to the existing knowledge and the ongoing efforts to overcome application and commercialization barriers of microalgae for wide-ranging potential in different industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Frleta Matas
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Rudera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Radman
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tamuli R, Nguyen T, Macdonald JR, Pierens GK, Fisher GM, Andrews KT, Adewoyin FB, Omisore NO, Odaibo AB, Feng Y. Isolation and In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker against Plasmodium Malaria Parasites. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:2661-2671. [PMID: 37972998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the antimalarial medicinal plant Clerodendrum polycephalum led to the isolation of five new diterpenoids, including ajugarins VII-X (1-4) and teuvincenone K (5), along with four known compounds, namely, 12,16-epoxy-6,11,14,17-tetrahydroxy-17(15 → 16)-abeo-5,8,11,13,15-abietapentaen-7-one (6), methyl pheophorbide A (7), loliolide (8), and acacetin (9). The chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, as well as density functional theory calculations. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 malaria parasites with methyl pheophorbide A (7) showing the strongest activity (IC50 4.49 μM). Subsequent in vivo testing in a Plasmodium berghei chemosuppression model showed that compound 7 significantly attenuated peripheral blood parasitemia, leading to 79% and 87% chemosuppression following oral doses at 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roktima Tamuli
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jacinta R Macdonald
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gillian M Fisher
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Katherine T Andrews
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Francis B Adewoyin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State 220282, Nigeria
| | - Nusrat O Omisore
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State 220282, Nigeria
| | - Alexander B Odaibo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 200005, Nigeria
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rey F, Cartaxana P, Cruz S, Melo T, Domingues MR. Revealing the polar lipidome, pigment profiles, and antioxidant activity of the giant unicellular green alga, Acetabularia acetabulum. J Phycol 2023; 59:1025-1040. [PMID: 37485699 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are one of the most important sources of high-value compounds such as polar lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, photosynthetic pigments, or secondary metabolites with interesting features for different niche markets. Acetabularia acetabulum is a macroscopic green single-celled alga, with a single nucleus hosted in the rhizoid. This alga is one of the most studied dasycladalean species and represents an important model system in cell biology studies. However, its lipidome and pigment profile have been overlooked. Total lipid extracts were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC-HRMS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity of lipid extracts was tested using DPPH and ABTS assays. Lipidomics identified 16 polar lipid classes, corresponding to glycolipids, betaine lipids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids, with a total of 191 lipid species, some of them recognized by their bioactivities. The most abundant polar lipids were glycolipids. Lipid classes less studied in algae were identified, such as diacylglyceryl-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) or hexosylceramide (HexCer). The pigment profile of A. acetabulum comprised carotenoids (17.19%), namely cis-neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β,β-carotene, and chlorophylls a and b (82.81%). A. acetabulum lipid extracts showed high antioxidant activity promoting a 50% inhibition (IC50 ) with concentrations of 57.91 ± 1.20 μg · mL-1 (438.18 ± 8.95 μmol Trolox · g-1 lipid) in DPPH and 20.55 ± 0.60 μg · mL-1 in ABTS assays (918.56 ± 27.55 μmol Trolox · g-1 lipid). This study demonstrates the potential of A. acetabulum as a source of natural bioactive molecules and antioxidant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felisa Rey
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afrendi E, Prastya ME, Astuti RI, Wahyuni WT, Batubara I. Bioactivity of the Ethanol Extract of Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) as Antitoxin. Int J Food Sci 2023; 2023:3245210. [PMID: 37780095 PMCID: PMC10539087 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3245210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxic compounds can induce the formation of free radicals (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) which can trigger damage and decrease cell viability. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains phenolic compounds that are useful as antioxidants which can reduce ROS toxicity. However, little is known about the antitoxin activity of clove extract. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the effect of ethanolic clove extract as an antitoxin agent against malachite green (MG) mutagen using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. The methods used to analyze the ability of ethanolic clove extract as antitoxin were decolorization assay and cell viability test towards MG. The phenol contents of leaf and bud extract were 441.28 and 394.73 mg GAE g-1 extract, respectively. Clove leaf extract has strong antioxidant activity in vitro (IC50 9.29 ppm for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 29.57 for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)). Liquid chromatography quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed the presence of 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and several other bioactive compounds, in which these compounds had bioactivity against toxic compound. The addition of extract reduced the ability of S. cerevisiae to decolorize malachite green but increased cell viability. Based on the data, clove leaf extract shows the potential antitoxin activity. This research should facilitate a preliminary study to investigate the antitoxin agent derived from cloves leaf extract. Further research to analyze the antitoxin mechanism of this extract in yeast model is interesting to do to provide a comprehensive insight into the potential antitoxin agents of clove leaf extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Afrendi
- Department of Biology, Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Eka Prastya
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi (KST) B.J Habibie (PUSPIPTEK) Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Rika Indri Astuti
- Department of Biology, Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Taman Kencana Street, IPB Taman Kencana Campus, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
| | - Wulan Tri Wahyuni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Taman Kencana Street, IPB Taman Kencana Campus, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Irmanida Batubara
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Taman Kencana Street, IPB Taman Kencana Campus, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Márquez-Flores YK, Estrada-Pérez AR, Velasco-Quijano JS, Molina-Urrutia ZM, Rosales-Hernández MC, Fragoso-Morales LG, Meléndez-Camargo ME, Correa-Basurto J. LC-MS metabolomic evidence metabolites from Oenothera rosea L´ Hér. ex Ait with antiproliferative properties on DU145 human prostate cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115193. [PMID: 37517287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains one of the leading health issues without a fully effective treatment. Medicinal plants are one of the primary sources of compounds for treating numerous ailments. In this sense, the Oenothera genus contains metabolites with antiproliferative activity on cancer cells. For this, the study aimed to explore the antiproliferative activity of its extracts against prostate cancer and identify its metabolites (under metabolomics analyses) associated with anticancer and/or antiproliferative properties. For this reason, a LC-MS/MS-based metabolomic analysis was performed to demonstrate the possible metabolites present in O. rosea. In addition, the antiproliferative activity of different extracts in the human prostate cancer cell line DU145 was evaluated. All extracts have antiproliferative effects on DU145 cells at 72 h, with moderate activity being the best ethanolic either 48 or 72 h. Finally, by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, 307 compounds from aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts from which 40 putative metabolites identified were organized as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and/or antiproliferative activities according to previously reported. These results provide evidence that O. rosea could be used as an antiproliferative agent due to its chemical contents used as polypharmacy with low concentration levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín K Márquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Universidad Tecnológica de México - UNITEC MÉXICO - Campus Marina, Av. Marina Nacional 162 Col. Anáhuac Sección I, Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11320 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Alan R Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Laboratorio de Biofísica y Catálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica S Velasco-Quijano
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Zintly M Molina-Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha C Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Leticia G Fragoso-Morales
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - María Estela Meléndez-Camargo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología renal y hepática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, C.P. 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Laboratorio de Biofísica y Catálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lis K, Bartuzi Z. Plant Food Dyes with Antioxidant Properties and Allergies-Friend or Enemy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1357. [PMID: 37507897 PMCID: PMC10376437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Color is an important food attribute which increases its attractiveness, thus influencing consumer preferences and acceptance of food products. The characteristic color of fresh, raw food is due to natural dyes present in natural food sources. Food loses its natural color during processing or storage. Loss of natural color (e.g., graying) often reduces the appeal of a product to consumers. To increase the aesthetic value of food, natural or synthetic dyes are added to it. Interestingly, the use of food coloring to enhance food attractiveness and appetizing appearance has been practiced since antiquity. Food coloring can also cause certain health effects, both negative and positive. Dyes added to food, both natural and synthetic, are primarily chemical substances that may not be neutral to the body. Some of these substances have strong antioxidant properties. Thanks to this activity, they can also perform important pro-health functions, including antiallergic ones. On the other hand, as foreign substances, they can also cause various adverse food reactions, including allergic reactions of varying severity and anaphylactic shock. This article discusses food dyes of plant origins with antioxidant properties (anthocyanins, betanins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and curcumin) and their relationship with allergy, both as sensitizing agents and immunomodulatory agents with potential antiallergic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lis
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eilam Y, Khattib H, Pintel N, Avni D. Microalgae-Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200177. [PMID: 37205927 PMCID: PMC10190620 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary proteins derived from animal sources, although containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids, have considerable environmental and adverse health effects associated with the intake of some animal protein-based products. Consuming foods based on animal proteins carries a higher risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dietary protein consumption is increasing due to population growth, posing a supply challenge. There is, therefore, growing interest in discovering novel alternative protein sources. In this context, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops that can provide a sustainable source of protein. Compared to conventional high-protein crops, using microalgal biomass for protein production presents several advantages in food and feed in terms of productivity, sustainability, and nutritional value. Moreover, microalgae positively impact the environment by not exploiting land or causing water pollution. Many studies have revealed the potential of microalgae as an alternative protein source with the added value of positive effects on human health due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The main emphasis of this review is on the potential health-promoting applications of microalgae-based proteins, peptides, and bioactive substances for IBD and NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahav Eilam
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marques F, Lopes D, Conde T, Melo T, Silva J, Abreu MH, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Lipidomic Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Macro- and Microalgae Blend. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36676180 DOI: 10.3390/life13010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macro- and microalgae are currently recognized sources of lipids with great nutritional quality and attractive bioactivities for human health promotion and disease prevention. Due to the lipidomic diversity observed among algae species, giving rise to different nutritional and functional characteristics, the mixture of macro- and microalgae has the potential to present important synergistic effects resulting from the complementarity among algae. The aim of this work was to characterize for the first time the lipidome of a blend of macro- and microalgae and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of its lipid fraction. Fatty acids were profiled by GC-MS, the polar lipidome was identified by high resolution LC-MS, and ABTS+• and DPPH• assays were used to assess the antioxidant potential. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (18:1 n-9), α-linolenic (18:3 n-3), and linoleic (18:2 n-6) acids. The lipid extract presented a beneficial n-6/n-3 ratio (0.98) and low values of atherogenic (0.41) and thrombogenic indices (0.27). The polar lipidome revealed 462 lipid species distributed by glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids, including some species bearing PUFA and a few with reported bioactivities. The lipid extract also showed antioxidant activity. Overall, the results are promising for the valorization of this blend for food, nutraceutical, and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Montuori E, Capalbo A, Lauritano C. Marine Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810284. [PMID: 36142196 PMCID: PMC9499452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered a multifactorial disease etiologically divided into melanomas related to sun exposure and those that are not, but also based on their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades with 132,000 cases occurring globally each year. Marine organisms have been shown to be an excellent source of natural compounds with possible bioactivities for human health applications. In this review, we report marine compounds from micro- and macro-organisms with activities in vitro and in vivo against melanoma, including the compound Marizomib, isolated from a marine bacterium, currently in phase III clinical trials for melanoma. When available, we also report active concentrations, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of the mentioned molecules. In addition, compounds used for UV protection and melanoma prevention from marine sources are discussed. This paper gives an overview of promising marine molecules which can be studied more deeply before clinical trials in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815833221
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding J, Su G, Wang H, Tian X, Xu J, Li N, Luo X, Yang P. Comparison of metabolic profiles in aqueous humor of Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral-induced anterior uveitis patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:1065-1081. [PMID: 35849327 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate and compare the metabolic profiles in the aqueous humor of Han Chinese patients with Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral-induced anterior uveitis (PVIAU). METHODS The metabolites in the aqueous humor of 20 Fuchs' syndrome patients, 20 PVIAU patients and 20 senile cataract control patients were detected by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were analyzed by Student's t-test, multivariate analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was applied to explore the potential disrupted metabolic pathways in Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU. RESULTS Comparisons of metabolic profiles identified 29 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and controls, 36 differential metabolites between PVIAU patients and controls, and 30 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and PVIAU patients. DL-serine was markedly elevated in Fuchs' syndrome, and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in PVIAU. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the differential metabolites in Fuchs' syndrome compared with control were mostly enriched in central carbon metabolism in cancer, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and mineral absorption, while those in PVIAU compared with control were mostly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and ABC transporters. The metabolic pathways differentially affected in Fuchs' syndrome compared to PVIAU included central carbon metabolism in cancer, protein digestion and absorption, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU patients, the aqueous humor exhibited specific metabolic profiles and enriched metabolic pathways, which provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU in Han Chinese patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huafei Wang
- Department of Biological Sample Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Biological Sample Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moreira AS, Gonçalves J, Conde TA, Couto D, Melo T, Maia IB, Pereira H, Silva J, Domingues MR, Nunes C. Chrysotila pseudoroscoffensis as a source of high-value polar lipids with antioxidant activity: A lipidomic approach. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
15
|
Riccio G, Martinez KA, Ianora A, Lauritano C. De Novo Transcriptome of the Flagellate Isochrysis galbana Identifies Genes Involved in the Metabolism of Antiproliferative Metabolites. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:771. [PMID: 35625500 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haptophytes are important primary producers in the oceans, and among the phylum Haptophyta, the flagellate Isochrysis galbana has been found to be rich in high-value compounds, such as lipids, carotenoids and highly branched polysaccharides. In the present work, I. galbana was cultured and collected at both stationary and exponential growth phases. A transcriptomic approach was used to analyze the possible activation of metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound synthesis at the gene level. Differential expression analysis of samples collected at the exponential versus stationary growth phase allowed the identification of genes involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolic process, the sterol biosynthetic process, ADP-ribose diphosphatase activity and others. I. galbana raw extracts and fractions were tested on specific human cancer cells for possible antiproliferative activity. The most active fractions, without affecting normal cells, were fractions enriched in nucleosides (fraction B) and triglycerides (fraction E) for algae collected in the exponential growth phase and fraction E for stationary phase samples. Overall, transcriptomic and bioactivity data confirmed the activation of metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds giving new insights on possible Isochrysis applications in the anticancer sector.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian Q, Mitchell BA, Zampino M, Ferrucci L. Longitudinal associations between blood lysophosphatidylcholines and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. GeroScience 2022. [PMID: 35389191 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) are phospholipids critical in the synthesis of cardiolipin, an essential component of mitochondrial membranes. Lower plasma LPCs have been cross-sectionally associated with lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but whether lower LPCs and their decline over time are longitudinally associated with an accelerated decline of mitochondria function is unknown. We analyzed data from 184 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age: 74.5 years, 57% women, 25% black) who had repeated measures of plasma LPCs (16:0, 16:1, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:3, 20:4, 24:0, and 28:1) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and repeated measures of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy over an average of 2.4 years. Rates of change in kPCr and each LPC were first estimated using simple linear regression. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for baseline demographics and PCr % depletion, lower baseline LPC 16:1 and faster rates of decline in LPC 16:1 and 18:1 were significantly associated with a faster rate of decline in kPCr (B = - 0.169, 95% CI: - 0.328, - 0.010, p = 0.038; B = 0.209, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.352, p = 0.005; B = 0.156, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.301, p = 0.035, respectively). Rates of change in other LPCs were not significantly associated with change in kPCr (all p > 0.05). Lower baseline concentrations and faster decline in selected plasma lysophosphatidylcholines over time are associated with faster decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Strategies to prevent the decline of plasma LPCs at an early stage may slow down mitochondrial function decline and impairment during aging.
Collapse
|
17
|
Eilertsen HC, Eriksen GK, Bergum J, Strømholt J, Elvevoll E, Eilertsen K, Heimstad ES, Giæver IH, Israelsen L, Svenning JB, Dalheim L, Osvik R, Hansen E, Ingebrigtsen RA, Aspen T, Wintervoll G. Mass Cultivation of Microalgae: I. Experiences with Vertical Column Airlift Photobioreactors, Diatoms and CO2 Sequestration. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:3082. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
From 2015 to 2021, we optimized mass cultivation of diatoms in our own developed vertical column airlift photobioreactors using natural and artificial light (LEDs). The project took place at the ferrosilicon producer Finnfjord AS in North Norway as a joint venture with UiT—The Arctic University of Norway. Small (0.1–6–14 m3) reactors were used for initial experiments and to produce inoculum cultures while upscaling experiments took place in a 300 m3 reactor. We here argue that species cultivated in reactors should be large since biovolume specific self-shadowing of light can be lower for large vs. small cells. The highest production, 1.28 cm3 L−1 biovolume (0.09–0.31 g DW day−1), was obtained with continuous culture at ca. 19% light utilization efficiency and 34% CO2 uptake. We cultivated 4–6 months without microbial contamination or biofouling, and this we argue was due to a natural antifouling (anti-biofilm) agent in the algae. In terms of protein quality all essential amino acids were present, and the composition and digestibility of the fatty acids were as required for feed ingredients. Lipid content was ca. 20% of ash-free DW with high EPA levels, and omega-3 and amino acid content increased when factory fume was added. The content of heavy metals in algae cultivated with fume was well within the accepted safety limits. Organic pollutants (e.g., dioxins and PCBs) were below the limits required by the European Union food safety regulations, and bioprospecting revealed several promising findings.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vingiani GM, Leone S, De Luca D, Borra M, Dobson ADW, Ianora A, De Luca P, Lauritano C. First identification and characterization of detoxifying plastic-degrading DBP hydrolases in the marine diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152535. [PMID: 34942245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are photosynthetic organisms with potential biotechnological applications in the bioremediation sector, having shown the capacity to reduce environmental concentrations of different pollutants. The diatom Cylindrotheca closterium is known to degrade di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of the most abundant phthalate esters in aquatic environments and a known endocrine-disrupting chemical. In this study, we present for the first time the in silico identification of two putative DBP hydrolases (provisionally called DBPH1 and DBPH2) in the transcriptome of C. closterium. We modeled the structure of both DBPH1-2 and their proposed interactions with the substrate to gain insights into their mechanism of action. Finally, we analyzed the expression levels of the two putative hydrolases upon exposure of C. closterium to different concentrations of DBP (5 and 10 mg/l) for 24 and 48 h. The data showed a DBP concentration-dependent increase in expression levels of both dbph1 and 2 genes, further highlighting their potential involvement in phthalates degradation. This is the first identification of phthalate-degrading enzymes in microalgae, providing new insights into the possible use of diatoms in bioremediation strategies targeting phthalates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Maria Vingiani
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Leone
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Botanic Garden of Naples, Via Foria 223, 80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Borra
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, CAP80121, NA, Italy
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, T23XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, CAP80121, NA, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In viral respiratory infections, disrupted pathophysiological outcomes have been attributed to hyper-activated and unresolved inflammation responses of the immune system. Integration between available drugs and natural therapeutics have reported benefits in relieving inflammation-related physiological outcomes and microalgae may be a feasible source from which to draw from against future coronavirus-infections. Microalgae represent a large and diverse source of chemically functional compounds such as carotenoids and lipids that possess various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore in this paper, some implicated pathways causing inflammation in viral respiratory infections are discussed and juxtaposed along with available research done on several microalgal metabolites. Additionally, the therapeutic properties of some known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulating compounds sourced from microalgae are reported for added clarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che Lah Wan Afifudeen
- Satreps-Cosmos Laboratory, Central Laboratory Complex, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Kit Yinn Teh
- Satreps-Cosmos Laboratory, Central Laboratory Complex, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Thye San Cha
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
- Satreps-Cosmos Laboratory, Central Laboratory Complex, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Conde T, Lopes D, Łuczaj W, Neves B, Pinto B, Maurício T, Domingues P, Skrzydlewska E, Domingues MR. Algal Lipids as Modulators of Skin Disease: A Critical Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:96. [PMID: 35208171 PMCID: PMC8877676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory skin diseases continues to increase with a high incidence in children and adults. These diseases are triggered by environmental factors, such as UV radiation, certain chemical compounds, infectious agents, and in some cases, people with a genetic predisposition. The pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, but also of skin cancers, is the result of the activation of inflammation-related metabolic pathways and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Inflammatory skin diseases are also associated with oxidative stress, overproduction of ROS, and impaired antioxidant defense, which affects the metabolism of immune cells and skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) in systemic and skin disorders. Lipids from algae have been scarcely applied to modulate skin diseases, but they are well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. They have shown scavenging activities and can modulate redox homeostasis enzymes. They can also downmodulate key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors such as NF-κB, decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, the exploitation of algae lipids as therapeutical agents for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases is highly attractive, being critically reviewed in the present work.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lykov AP, Uvarov IP, Gevorgiz RG, Zheleznova SN. Effect of the Lipid Fraction of Microalgae on Biochemical Parameters in Female C57BL/6 Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:301-304. [PMID: 35001308 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of microalgae of various systematic groups added to the ration on the biochemical parameters of blood serum and liver and kidney tissue in rats. It was found that microalgae had different effects on the levels of proteins, lipids, and sex hormones, activity of aminotransaminases, and filtration capacity of the kidneys. Microalgae also affected the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Lykov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - I P Uvarov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine of the City of Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R G Gevorgiz
- Federal Research Centre O. A. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
| | - S N Zheleznova
- Federal Research Centre O. A. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Ye M, Wang L, Wu Z, Liu W. Metabolomic profiling of ZrO 2 nanoparticles in MC3T3-E1 cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:687-697. [PMID: 34694706 PMCID: PMC8806115 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors' previous study showed that zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) induce toxic effects in MC3T3-E1 cells; however, its toxicological mechanism is still unclear. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to reveal the metabolite profile and toxicological mechanism of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to ZrO2 NPs. The results demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 cells treated with ZrO2 NPs for 24 and 48 h presented different metabolic characteristics. Following ZrO2 NP treatment for 24 h, 96 upregulated and 129 downregulated metabolites in the positive ion mode, as well as 91 upregulated and 326 downregulated metabolites in the negative ion mode were identified. Following ZrO2 NP treatment for 48 h, 33 upregulated and 174 downregulated metabolites were identified in the positive ion mode, whereas 37 upregulated and 302 downregulated metabolites were confirmed in the negative ion mode. Among them, 42 differential metabolites were recognised as potential metabolites contributing to the induced toxic effects of ZrO2 NPs in MC3T3-E1 cells. Most of the differential metabolites were lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamide, indicating that exposure to ZrO2 NPs may have a profound impact on human cellular function by impairing the membrane system. The results also provide new clues for the toxicological mechanism of ZrO2 NP dental materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Ye
- Department of Oral ImplantologyStomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentXiamenChina
| | - Linhu Wang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Central Theater CommandWuhanChina
| | - Zhang Wu
- Department of ProsthodonticsStomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentXiamenChina
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Oral ImplantologyStomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentXiamenChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roncalli V, Lauritano C, Carotenuto Y. First Report of OvoA Gene in Marine Arthropods: A New Candidate Stress Biomarker in Copepods. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:647. [PMID: 34822518 DOI: 10.3390/md19110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovothiol is one of the most powerful antioxidants acting in marine organisms as a defense against oxidative stress during development and in response to environmental cues. The gene involved in the ovothiol biosynthesis, OvoA, is found in almost all metazoans, but open questions existed on its presence among arthropods. Here, using an in silico workflow, we report a single OvoA gene in marine arthropods including copepods, decapods, and amphipods. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that OvoA from marine arthropods separated from the other marine phyla (e.g., Porifera, Mollusca) and divided into two separate branches, suggesting a possible divergence through evolution. In the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, we suggest that OvoA has a defense role in oxidative stress as shown by its high expression in response to a toxic diet and during the copepodite stage, a developmental stage that includes significant morphological changes. Overall, the results of our study open possibilities for the use of OvoA as a biomarker of stress in copepods and possibly also for other marine holozooplankters. The finding of OvoA in copepods is also promising for the drug discovery field, suggesting the possibility of using copepods as a new source of bioactive compounds to be tested in the marine biotechnological sector.
Collapse
|
25
|
Weng G, Duan Y, Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng J, Zhang S, Yin Y, Deng J. Plant Extracts in Obesity: A Role of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:727951. [PMID: 34631766 PMCID: PMC8495072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.727951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the most serious chronic diseases threatening human health. Its occurrence and development are closely associated with gut microbiota since the disorders of gut microbiota can promote endotoxin production and induce inflammatory response. Recently, numerous plant extracts have been proven to mitigate lipid dysmetabolism and obesity syndrome by regulating the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of different plant extracts including mulberry leaf extract, policosanol, cortex moutan, green tea, honokiol, and capsaicin in regulating obesity via gut microbiota. Based on the current findings, plant extracts may be promising agents for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, and the mechanisms might be associated with gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system’s response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Conde TA, Zabetakis I, Tsoupras A, Medina I, Costa M, Silva J, Neves B, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Microalgal Lipid Extracts Have Potential to Modulate the Inflammatory Response: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9825. [PMID: 34576003 PMCID: PMC8471354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and age-associated diseases (AAD) are some of the gravest health concerns worldwide, accounting for up to 70% of total deaths globally. NCD and AAD, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and poor dietary habits. Modulation of the inflammatory status through dietary components is a very appellative approach to fight these diseases and is supported by increasing evidence of natural and dietary components with strong anti-inflammatory activities. The consumption of bioactive lipids has a positive impact on preventing chronic inflammation and consequently NCD and AAD. Thus, new sources of bioactive lipids have been sought out. Microalgae are rich sources of bioactive lipids such as omega-6 and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polar lipids with associated anti-inflammatory activity. PUFAs are enzymatically and non-enzymatically catalyzed to oxylipins and have a significant role in anti and pro-resolving inflammatory responses. Therefore, a large and rapidly growing body of research has been conducted in vivo and in vitro, investigating the potential anti-inflammatory activities of microalgae lipids. This review sought to summarize and critically analyze recent evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of microalgae lipids and their possible use to prevent or mitigate chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Alexandre Conde
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (I.Z.); (A.T.)
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (I.Z.); (A.T.)
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Margarida Costa
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products SAA, Rua 25 de Abril 1974, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal; (M.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Joana Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products SAA, Rua 25 de Abril 1974, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal; (M.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine–iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lovio-Fragoso JP, de Jesús-Campos D, López-Elías JA, Medina-Juárez LÁ, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Hayano-Kanashiro C. Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Phosphorus Limitation in Diatoms and Their Relationship with Biomolecule Accumulation. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10070565. [PMID: 34206287 PMCID: PMC8301168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. It has been reported that P limitation in diatoms induces the synthesis of biomolecules and the accumulation of storage compounds, such as pigments, carbohydrates and lipids, with diverse biological activities, which can be used in diverse biotechnological applications. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. The integration of results obtained from omics sciences could provide a broad understanding of the response of diatoms to P limitation, and the information obtained could help to solve challenges such as biomass production, by-products yield and genetic improvement of strains. Abstract Diatoms are the most abundant group of phytoplankton, and their success lies in their significant adaptation ability to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. Among the molecular responses that have been reported in diatoms cultured under P deficient conditions is the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes related to the transport, assimilation, remobilization and recycling of this nutrient. Regarding biochemical responses, due to the reduction of the requirements for carbon structures for the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids, more CO2 is fixed than is consumed by the Calvin cycle. To deal with this excess, diatoms redirect the carbon flow toward the synthesis of storage compounds such as triacylglycerides and carbohydrates, which are excreted as extracellular polymeric substances. This review aimed to gather all current knowledge regarding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of diatoms related to managing P deficiency in order to provide a wider insight into and understanding of their responses, as well as the metabolic pathways affected by the limitation of this nutrient.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jagusch H, Werner M, Koenis D, Dalli J, Werz O, Pohnert G. 14,17,18-Trihydroxy-Eicosatetraenoic Acid: A Novel Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator from Marine Microalgae. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1188-1194. [PMID: 34151208 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically oxygenated derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids that function as central immunoregulators in mammals. Among them are resolvins (Rvs) that stimulate the clearance of harmful stimuli and limit pro-inflammatory processes. Because of their beneficial features and their high potency, SPMs are promising molecules for anti-inflammatory therapy. Besides mammals, also marine algae form lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In particular, microalgae are attractive candidates for the production of bioactive high-value metabolites. Here, we identified the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium as a prolific producer of SPMs. The diatom forms RvE3 and novel structurally related eicosanoids, including 14S/R,17R,18R-trihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, which displays inflammation-resolving and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. This pro-resolving compound might enable advancements in anti-inflammatory therapy in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jagusch
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Duco Koenis
- William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saide A, Martínez KA, Ianora A, Lauritano C. Unlocking the Health Potential of Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4383. [PMID: 33922258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are known to produce a plethora of compounds derived from the primary and secondary metabolism. Different studies have shown that these compounds may have allelopathic, antimicrobial, and antipredator activities. In addition, in vitro and in vivo screenings have shown that several compounds have interesting bioactivities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial) for the possible prevention and treatment of human pathologies. Additionally, the enzymatic pathways responsible for the synthesis of these compounds, and the targets and mechanisms of their action have also been investigated for a few species. However, further research is necessary for their full exploitation and possible pharmaceutical and other industrial applications. Here, we review the current knowledge on the chemical characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action, and the enzymes involved in the synthesis of microalgal metabolites with potential benefits for human health.
Collapse
|
31
|
do Amaral BS, da Silva FB, Leme GM, Schmitz LSS, Jimenez PC, Martins RCC, Cass QB, Valverde AL. Integrated analytical workflow for chromatographic profiling and metabolite annotation of a cytotoxic Phorbas amaranthus extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1174:122720. [PMID: 33957353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phorbas is a widely studied genus of marine sponge and produce structurally rich cytotoxic metabolites. Still, only few studies have assessed metabolites present in Brazilian species. To circumvent redundancy, in this work, we applied and herein report the use of a scouting liquid chromatographic system associate to the design of experiment produced by the DryLab® software to obtain a fast and efficient chromatographic separation of the active hexane fraction, further enabling untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. To this end, a crude hydroalcoholic extract of the sponge Phorbas amaranthus collected in Brazilian coast was prepared and partitioned. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract and the fractions was evaluated using tumor cell culture models. Fragmentation pathways assembled from HRMS data allowed the annotation of 18 known Phorbas metabolites, while 17 metabolites were inferred based on Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS), matching with a further 29 metabolites annotated through molecular subnetwork. The workflow employed demonstrates that chromatographic method development can be accelerated by the use of automated scouting systems and DryLab®, which is useful for profiling natural product libraries, as well as data curation by molecular clusters and should be incorporated to the tools of natural product chemists.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang HC, Li TJ, Bao YR, Wang S, Meng XS. Qualitative, quantitative, and pharmacokinetic study on the absorbed components of Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume in rat plasma based on molecular networking combined with quadrupole time-of-flight LC/MS and triple quadrupole LC/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5099. [PMID: 33625742 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and screening of different compounds from plant extracts are always the key for natural drug research, and the absorbed prototype components have been considered as potential active ingredients. UHPLC combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-LC/MS) has been widely used in the research of natural drugs; however, we still need a more effective tool to compare and treat from a raw data. In this study, we provided a fast analytical method to measure the absorbed prototype components and their metabolites both qualitatively and quantitatively based on molecular networking (MN). For example, in Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume, a total of eight absorbed prototype components in rat plasma were identified. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic study was also successfully performed on the eight absorbed prototype components in rat plasma. Our findings have provided important information on the investigation of A. japonica in vivo. More importantly, the MS network analysis pattern serves as an integral solution for qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemical compounds in natural drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Chen Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian, P. R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Tian Jiao Li
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian, P. R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yong Rui Bao
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian, P. R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian, P. R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xian Sheng Meng
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian, P. R. China.,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee H, Park HY, Jeong TS. Pheophorbide a Derivatives Exert Antiwrinkle Effects on UVB-Induced Skin Aging in Human Fibroblasts. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020147. [PMID: 33671886 PMCID: PMC7918994 DOI: 10.3390/life11020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheophorbide a is a chlorophyll metabolic breakdown product. This study investigated the antiwrinkle effect of pheophorbide a (PA) and its derivatives, including pyropheophorbide a (PyroPA) and pyropheophorbide a methyl ester (PyroPA-ME), on ultraviolet (UV) B-stimulated CCD-986sk fibroblasts. PA, PyroPA, and PyroPA-ME effectively suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation in UVB-exposed CCD-986sk fibroblasts. All three pheophorbides also reduced UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 secretion and mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Treatment with pheophorbides resulted in increased procollagen synthesis, and this required enhancement of procollagen type I C-peptide content and mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and COL1A2 in CCD-986sk cells. These antiwrinkle effects were more potent with PA and PyroPA than with PyroPA-ME. Furthermore, PA and PyroPA suppressed UVB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not p38. Moreover, all three pheophorbides inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Therefore, these pheophorbides, especially PA and PyroPA, can be used as antiwrinkle agents, and PA- or PyroPA-rich natural resources can be used in functional cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.P.); (T.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4650 (H.-Y.P.); +82-42-860-4558 (T.-S.J.)
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.P.); (T.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4650 (H.-Y.P.); +82-42-860-4558 (T.-S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shah MD, Tani K, Yong YS, Ching FF, Shaleh SRM, Vairappan CS, Venmathi Maran BA. Antiparasitic Potential of Chromatographic Fractions of Nephrolepis biserrata and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020499. [PMID: 33477743 PMCID: PMC7832296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine aquaculture development is recently impeded by parasitic leech Zeylanicobdellaarugamensis (Hirudinea, Piscicolidae) in Sabah, Malaysia. The parasitic leech infests a variety of cultured fishes in aquaculture facilities. In this study, we evaluated the antiparasitic activity of the chromatographic fractions of the medicinal plant Nephrolepis biserrata methanol extract against Z.arugamensis and highlighted the potential metabolites responsible for the antiparasitic properties through liquid chromatography (LC)–quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Out of seven fractions obtained through flash column chromatography techniques, three fractions demonstrated antiparasitic properties. Significant parasitic mortality was indicated by fraction 3 at a concentration of 2.50 mg/mL, all the leeches were killed in a time limit of 1.92 ± 0.59 min. followed by fraction 4 (14 mg/mL) in 34.57 ± 3.39 and fraction 5 (15.3 mg/mL) in 36.82 ± 4.53 min. LC-QTOF-MS analysis indicated the presence of secondary metabolites including phytosphingosine (6), pyrethrosin (1), haplophytine (9), ivalin (2), warburganal (3), isodomedin (4) and pheophorbide a (16), representing sphingoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid groups. Thus, our study indicated that the chromatographic fractions of N. biserrata demonstrated significant antiparasitic activity against the marine parasitic leeches due to the presence of potent antiparasitic bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
| | - Kazuki Tani
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (K.T.); (C.S.V.)
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Fui Fui Ching
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
| | - Sitti Raehanah Muhamad Shaleh
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
| | - Charles S. Vairappan
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (K.T.); (C.S.V.)
| | - Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-16-209-6905
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Riccio G, Ruocco N, Mutalipassi M, Costantini M, Zupo V, Coppola D, de Pascale D, Lauritano C. Ten-Year Research Update Review: Antiviral Activities from Marine Organisms. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071007. [PMID: 32645994 PMCID: PMC7407529 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet and are characterized by huge taxonomic and chemical diversity of marine organisms. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, which may have antiviral activities. In particular, certain marine metabolites are active towards a plethora of viruses. Multiple mechanisms of action have been found, as well as different targets. This review gives an overview of the marine-derived compounds discovered in the last 10 years. Even if marine organisms produce a wide variety of different compounds, there is only one compound available on the market, Ara-A, and only another one is in phase I clinical trials, named Griffithsin. The recent pandemic emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, highlights the need to further invest in this field, in order to shed light on marine compound potentiality and discover new drugs from the sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Maria Costantini
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5833-221
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
De Luca D, Lauritano C. In Silico Identification of Type III PKS Chalcone and Stilbene Synthase Homologs in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:E110. [PMID: 32456002 PMCID: PMC7284882 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms at the base of the marine food webs. They are characterized by huge taxonomic and metabolic diversity and several species have been shown to have bioactivities useful for the treatment of human pathologies. However, the compounds and the metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound synthesis are often still unknown. In this study, we aimed at analysing the microalgal transcriptomes available in the Marine Microbial Eukaryotic Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database for an in silico search of polyketide synthase type III homologs and, in particular, chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase (STS), which are often referred to as the CHS/STS family. These enzymes were selected because they are known to produce compounds with biological properties useful for human health, such as cancer chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-viral and anti-diabetic. In addition, we also searched for 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase, an upstream enzyme in the synthesis of chalcones and stilbenes. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of these enzymes in specific microalgal taxa, confirming the importance for microalgae of these pathways and giving new insights into microalgal physiology and possible biotechnological applications for the production of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa, CAP80135 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Chlorophyll breakdown products are usually studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The chlorophyll derivative Pheophorbide a (PPBa) is a photosensitizer that can induce significant anti-proliferative effects in several human cancer cell lines. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about 9.6 million deaths, in 2018 alone. Hence, it is crucial to monitor emergent compounds that show significant anticancer activity and advance them into clinical trials. In this review, we analyze the anticancer activity of PPBa with or without photodynamic therapy and also conjugated with or without other chemotherapic drugs, highlighting the capacity of PPBa to overcome multidrug resistance. We also report other activities of PPBa and different pathways that it can activate, showing its possible applications for the treatment of human pathologies.
Collapse
|