1
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Allouche R, Hafeez Z, Dary-Mourot A, Genay M, Miclo L. Streptococcus thermophilus: A Source of Postbiotics Displaying Anti-Inflammatory Effects in THP 1 Macrophages. Molecules 2024; 29:1552. [PMID: 38611831 PMCID: PMC11013757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to traditional use in fermented dairy products, S. thermophilus also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties both in live and heat-inactivated form. Recent studies have highlighted that some hydrolysates from surface proteins of S. thermophilus could be responsible partially for overall anti-inflammatory activity of this bacterium. It was hypothesized that anti-inflammatory activity could also be attributed to peptides resulting from the digestion of intracellular proteins of S. thermophilus. Therefore, total intracellular proteins (TIP) from two phenotypically different strains, LMD-9 and CNRZ-21N, were recovered by sonication followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation. The molecular masses of the TIP of both strains were very close to each other as observed by SDS-PAGE. The TIP were fractionated by size exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography to obtain a 3-10 kDa intracellular protein (IP) fraction, which was then hydrolysed with pancreatic enzyme preparation, Corolase PP. The hydrolysed IP fraction from each strain exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by modulating pro-inflammatory mediators, particularly IL-1β in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. However, a decrease in IL-8 secretion was only observed with hydrolysed IP fraction from CNRZ-21N, indicating that strain could be an important parameter in obtaining active hydrolysates. Results showed that peptides from the 3-10 kDa IP fraction of S. thermophilus could therefore be considered as postbiotics with potential beneficial effects on human health. Thus, it can be used as a promising bioactive ingredient for the development of functional foods to prevent low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (R.A.); (A.D.-M.); (M.G.); (L.M.)
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2
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Lee YJ. Examining the functional space of gut microbiome-derived peptides. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1393. [PMID: 38129980 PMCID: PMC10714122 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome contains thousands of small, novel peptides that could play a role in microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions, contributing to human health and disease. Although these peptides have not yet been systematically characterized, computational tools can be used to elucidate the bioactivities they may have. This article proposes probing the functional space of gut microbiome-derived peptides (MDPs) using in silico approaches for three bioactivities: antimicrobial, anticancer, and nucleomodulins. Machine learning programs that support peptide and protein queries are provided for each bioactivity. Considering the biases of an activity-centric approach, activity-agnostic tools using structural and chemical similarity and target prediction are also described. Gut MDPs represent a vast functional space that can not only contribute to our understanding of microbiome interactions but potentially even serve as a source of life-changing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Chiang J. Lee
- Department of Molecular BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
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3
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López-Villodres JA, Escamilla A, Mercado-Sáenz S, Alba-Tercedor C, Rodriguez-Perez LM, Arranz-Salas I, Sanchez-Varo R, Bermúdez D. Microbiome Alterations and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling Strategies with Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1846. [PMID: 37509487 PMCID: PMC10377071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been gaining momentum in the context of many neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Notably, a balanced gut microbiota contributes to the epithelial intestinal barrier maintenance, modulates the host immune system, and releases neurotransmitters and/or neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids. However, dysbiosis may provoke immune dysregulation, impacting neuroinflammation through peripheral-central immune communication. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide or detrimental microbial end-products can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce or at least potentiate the neuropathological progression of AD. Thus, after repeated failure to find a cure for this dementia, a necessary paradigmatic shift towards considering AD as a systemic disorder has occurred. Here, we present an overview of the use of germ-free and/or transgenic animal models as valid tools to unravel the connection between dysbiosis, metabolic diseases, and AD, and to investigate novel therapeutical targets. Given the high impact of dietary habits, not only on the microbiota but also on other well-established AD risk factors such as diabetes or obesity, consistent changes of lifestyle along with microbiome-based therapies should be considered as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Alba-Tercedor
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Rodriguez-Perez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Unidad de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Bermúdez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Lyu M, Bai Y, Orihara K, Miyanaga K, Yamamoto N. GAPDH Released from Lactobacillus johnsonii MG Enhances Barrier Function by Upregulating Genes Associated with Tight Junctions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1393. [PMID: 37374895 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has multiple interactions with various gut epithelial components. For instance, GAPDH in Lactobacillus johnsonii MG cells interacts with junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2) in Caco-2 cells and enhances tight junctions. However, the specificity of GAPDH toward JAM-2 and its role in the tight junctions in Caco-2 cells remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the effect of GAPDH on tight junction regeneration and explored the GAPDH peptide fragments required for interaction with JAM-2. GAPDH was specifically bound to JAM-2 and rescued H2O2-damaged tight junctions in Caco-2 cells, with various genes being upregulated in the tight junctions. To understand the specific amino acid sequence of GAPDH that interacts with JAM-2, peptides interacting with JAM-2 and L. johnsonii MG cells were purified using HPLC and predicted using TOF-MS analysis. Two peptides, namely 11GRIGRLAF18 at the N-terminus and 323SFTCQMVRTLLKFATL338 at the C-terminus, displayed good interactions and docking with JAM-2. In contrast, the long peptide 52DSTHGTFNHEVSATDDSIVVDGKKYRVYAEPQAQNIPW89 was predicted to bind to the bacterial cell surface. Overall, we revealed a novel role of GAPDH purified from L. johnsonii MG in promoting the regeneration of damaged tight junctions and identified the specific sequences of GAPDH involved in JAM-2 binding and MG cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Lyu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuying Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kanami Orihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Tochigi 329-0489, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Lombardi F, Augello FR, Palumbo P, Bonfili L, Artone S, Altamura S, Sheldon JM, Latella G, Cifone MG, Eleuteri AM, Cinque B. Bacterial Lysate from the Multi-Strain Probiotic SLAB51 Triggers Adaptative Responses to Hypoxia in Human Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells under Normoxic Conditions and Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098134. [PMID: 37175841 PMCID: PMC10179068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a central player in maintaining gut-microbiota homeostasis, plays a pivotal role in inducing adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia and is negatively regulated by prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). HIF-1α is stabilized through PI3K/AKT signaling regardless of oxygen levels. Considering the crucial role of the HIF pathway in intestinal mucosal physiology and its relationships with gut microbiota, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of the lysate from the multi-strain probiotic formulation SLAB51 to affect the HIF pathway in a model of in vitro human intestinal epithelium (intestinal epithelial cells, IECs) and to protect from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The exposure of IECs to SLAB51 lysate under normoxic conditions led to a dose-dependent increase in HIF-1α protein levels, which was associated with higher glycolytic metabolism and L-lactate production. Probiotic lysate significantly reduced PHD2 levels and HIF-1α hydroxylation, thus leading to HIF-1α stabilization. The ability of SLAB51 lysate to increase HIF-1α levels was also associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and with the inhibition of NF-κB, nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and IL-1β increase elicited by LPS treatment. Our results suggest that the probiotic treatment, by stabilizing HIF-1α, can protect from an LPS-induced inflammatory response through a mechanism involving PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Serena Artone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jenna Marie Sheldon
- Dr. Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796, USA
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Rong W, Xia H, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Tao C, Wu F, Wang L, Zhang H, Sun G, Wu J. Serum metabolic effects of corn oligopeptides with 7-day supplementation on early post-surgery primary liver cancer patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2022; 11:834-847. [PMID: 36523946 PMCID: PMC9745621 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-21-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer as the main leading cancer has caused heavy burdens globally. The prognosis of liver cancer is closely related with postoperative nutrition support. Corn oligopeptides (COPs) are protein hydrolysates produced by enzymatic treatments, which have shown potential bioactivities, such as inhibiting angiotensin I-converting enzyme, resisting lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant. However, the correlation between COPs and liver cancer patients is still unknown and the potential mechanism of COPs on liver cancer is unclear as well. The aim of this study was to assess effects of 7-day intervention of COPs after surgery on liver function and serum metabolic profiles of liver cancer patients. METHODS Patients were assigned into COPs intervention group (n=50) and control group (n=91) for 7 days. Investigations were scheduled at 1st day and 7th day after liver resection surgery respectively, mainly including anthropometric, biochemical indexes and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. RESULTS Seven-day supplementation of COPs on early post-surgery liver cancer patients down-regulated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and up-regulated prothrombin time activity and prealbumin levels. LC/MS analysis revealed metabolic signatures including regulation of 16 metabolites, which was closely related with two metabolic pathways (nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism). CONCLUSIONS COPs supplementation has displayed the potentials on alleviating the injury of liver function and it may be due to regulation of fatty acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory action. More researches are warranted in future to confirm the exact mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Rong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changcheng Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxiong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
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7
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Okagu IU, Udenigwe CC. Transepithelial transport and cellular mechanisms of food-derived antioxidant peptides. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10861. [PMID: 36217466 PMCID: PMC9547200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the involvement of oxidative stress in the etiology of many non-communicable diseases, food-derived antioxidant peptides (FDAPs) are strong candidates for nutraceutical development for disease prevention and management. This paper reviews current evidence on the transepithelial transport and cellular mechanisms of antioxidant activities of FDAPs. Several FDAPs have multiple health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging activities, in addition to antioxidant properties through which they protect cellular components from oxidative damage. Some FDAPs have been shown to permeate the intestinal epithelium, which could facilitate their bioavailability and physiological bioactivities. Molecular mechanisms of FDAPs include suppression of oxidative stress as evidenced by reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and apoptotic protein activation as well as increase in antioxidant defense mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Since many FDAPs have demonstrated promising antioxidant activity, future investigation should focus on further elucidation of molecular mechanisms and human studies to explore their practical application for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U. Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
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8
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Sigala-Robles R, Santiago-López L, Hernández-Mendoza A, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Mata-Haro V, Wall-Medrano A, González-Córdova AF. Peptides, Exopolysaccharides, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermented Milk and Perspectives on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4654-65. [PMID: 35133532 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes and an imbalanced immune response along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pharmacological treatments have been widely used, although their long-term application has adverse side effects. On the other hand, milks fermented with specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to be useful as alternative or complementary aids. Many metabolites such as peptides, exopolysaccharides, and short-chain fatty acids are produced during milk fermentation. These components have been shown to change the pH of the gastrointestinal lumen, aid intestine mucosal recovery, modulate the microbiota, and reduce the inflammatory response (innate and adaptive immune system), both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to describe how these bioactive compounds from fermented milk by specific LAB can decrease the deleterious symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Prasad R, Patton MJ, Floyd JL, Fortmann S, DuPont M, Harbour A, Wright J, Lamendella R, Stevens BR, Oudit GY, Grant MB. Plasma Microbiome in COVID-19 Subjects: An Indicator of Gut Barrier Defects and Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9141. [PMID: 36012406 PMCID: PMC9409329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a well-established route of infection and target for viral damage by SARS-CoV-2. This is supported by the clinical observation that about half of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal (GI) complications. We aimed to investigate whether the analysis of plasma could provide insight into gut barrier dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. Plasma samples of COVID-19 patients (n = 146) and healthy individuals (n = 47) were collected during hospitalization and routine visits. Plasma microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gut permeability markers including fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), peptidoglycan (PGN), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both patient cohorts. Plasma samples of both cohorts contained predominately Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria. COVID-19 subjects exhibit significant dysbiosis (p = 0.001) of the plasma microbiome with increased abundance of Actinobacteria spp. (p = 0.0332), decreased abundance of Bacteroides spp. (p = 0.0003), and an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.0003) compared to healthy subjects. The concentration of the plasma gut permeability marker FABP2 (p = 0.0013) and the gut microbial antigens PGN (p < 0.0001) and LPS (p = 0.0049) were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. These findings support the notion that the intestine may represent a source for bacteremia and contribute to worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Therapies targeting the gut and prevention of gut barrier defects may represent a strategy to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael John Patton
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jason Levi. Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Seth Fortmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mariana DuPont
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela Harbour
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce R. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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10
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Vidal-Veuthey B, González D, Cárdenas JP. Role of microbial secreted proteins in gut microbiota-host interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:964710. [PMID: 35967863 PMCID: PMC9373040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.964710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota comprises a variety of commensals including potential probiotics and pathobionts, influencing the host itself. Members of the microbiota can intervene with host physiology by several mechanisms, including the secretion of a relatively well-reported set of metabolic products. Another microbiota influence mechanism is the use of secreted proteins (i.e., the secretome), impacting both the host and other community members. While widely reported and studied in pathogens, this mechanism remains understood to a lesser extent in commensals, and this knowledge is increasing in recent years. In the following minireview, we assess the current literature covering different studies, concerning the functions of secretable proteins from members of the gut microbiota (including commensals, pathobionts, and probiotics). Their effect on host physiology and health, and how these effects can be harnessed by postbiotic products, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Vidal-Veuthey
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile
| | - Dámariz González
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile
| | - Juan P. Cárdenas
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Cárdenas,
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11
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Batista VL, De Jesus LCL, Tavares LM, Barroso FLA, Fernandes LJDS, Freitas ADS, Americo MF, Drumond MM, Mancha-agresti P, Ferreira E, Laguna JG, Alcantara LCJ, Azevedo V. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 Mitigate 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1418. [PMID: 35889136 PMCID: PMC9324481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a commonly reported side effect in oncology practice. Probiotics are considered an excellent alternative therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition; however, there are safety questions regarding the viable consumption of probiotics in clinical practice due to the risks of systemic infections, especially in immune-compromised patients. The use of heat-killed or cell-free supernatants derived from probiotic strains has been evaluated to minimize these adverse effects. Thus, this work evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of paraprobiotics (heat-killed) and postbiotics (cell-free supernatant) of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 strain in a mouse model of 5-Fluorouracil drug-induced mucositis. Administration of paraprobiotics and postbiotics reduced the neutrophil cells infiltrating into the small intestinal mucosa and ameliorated the intestinal epithelium architecture damaged by 5-FU. These ameliorative effects were associated with a downregulation of inflammatory markers (Tlr2, Nfkb1, Il12, Il17a, Il1b, Tnf), and upregulation of immunoregulatory Il10 cytokine and the epithelial barrier markers Ocln, Cldn1, 2, 5, Hp and Muc2. Thus, heat-killed L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 and supernatants derived from this strain were shown to be effective in reducing 5-FU-induced inflammatory damage, demonstrating them to be an alternative approach to the problems arising from the use of live beneficial microorganisms in clinical practice.
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12
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Almeida JI, Tenreiro MF, Martinez-Santamaria L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Gisbert JP, Alves PM, Serra M, Baptista PM. Hallmarks of the human intestinal microbiome on liver maturation and function. J Hepatol 2022; 76:694-725. [PMID: 34715263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most metabolically complex systems in the body, the liver ensures multi-organ homeostasis and ultimately sustains life. Nevertheless, during early postnatal development, the liver is highly immature and takes about 2 years to acquire and develop almost all of its functions. Different events occurring at the environmental and cellular levels are thought to mediate hepatic maturation and function postnatally. The crosstalk between the liver, the gut and its microbiome has been well appreciated in the context of liver disease, but recent evidence suggests that the latter could also be critical for hepatic function under physiological conditions. The gut-liver crosstalk is thought to be mediated by a rich repertoire of microbial metabolites that can participate in a myriad of biological processes in hepatic sinusoids, from energy metabolism to tissue regeneration. Studies on germ-free animals have revealed the gut microbiome as a critical contributor in early hepatic programming, and this influence extends throughout life, mediating liver function and body homeostasis. In this seminar, we describe the microbial molecules that have a known effect on the liver and discuss how the gut microbiome and the liver evolve throughout life. We also provide insights on current and future strategies to target the gut microbiome in the context of hepatology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel F Tenreiro
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lucía Martinez-Santamaria
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Department. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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13
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Fernández-Tomé S, Ortega Moreno L, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10224. [PMID: 34638564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.
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14
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in health and has been linked to many diseases. With the rapid accumulation of pyrosequencing data of the bacterial composition, the causal-effect relationship between specific dysbiosis features and diseases is now being explored. The aim of this review is to describe the key functional bacterial proteins and antigens in the context of dysbiosis related-diseases. We subjectively classify the key functional proteins into two categories: Primary key proteins and secondary key proteins. The primary key proteins mainly act by themselves and include biofilm inhibitors, toxin degraders, oncogene degraders, adipose metabolism modulators, anti-inflammatory peptides, bacteriocins, host cell regulators, adhesion and invasion molecules, and intestinal barrier regulators. The secondary key proteins mainly act by eliciting host immune responses and include flagellin, outer membrane proteins, and other autoantibody-related antigens. Knowledge of key bacterial proteins is limited compared to the rich microbiome data. Understanding and focusing on these key proteins will pave the way for future mechanistic level cause-effect studies of gut dysbiosis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumors, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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15
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Crothers JW, Chu ND, Nguyen LTT, Phillips M, Collins C, Fortner K, Del Rio-Guerra R, Lavoie B, Callas P, Velez M, Cohn A, Elliott RJ, Wong WF, Vo E, Wilcox R, Smith M, Kassam Z, Budd R, Alm EJ, Mawe GM, Moses PL. Daily, oral FMT for long-term maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis: results of a single-center, prospective, randomized pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:281. [PMID: 34238227 PMCID: PMC8268596 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising new strategy in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, but long-term delivery systems are lacking. This randomized study was designed as a safety and feasibility study of long-term FMT in subjects with mild to moderate UC using frozen, encapsulated oral FMT (cFMT). Methods Subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive FMT induction by colonoscopy, followed by 12 weeks of daily oral administration of frozen encapsulated cFMT or sham therpay. Subjects were followed for 36 weeks and longitudenal clinical assessments included multiple subjective and objective markers of disease severity. Ribosomal 16S bacterial sequencing was used to assess donor-induced changes in the gut microbiota. Changes in T regulatory (Treg) and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cell populations were evaluated by flow cytometry as an exploratory endpoint. Results Twelve subjects with active UC were randomized: 6 subjects completed the full 12-week course of FMT plus cFMT, and 6 subjects received sham treatment by colonic installation and longitudinal oral placebo capules. Chronic administration of cFMT was found to be safe and well-tolerated but home storage concerns exist. Protocol adherence was high, and none of the study subjects experienced FMT-associated treatment emergent adverse events. Two subjects that received cFMT achieved clinical remission versus none in the placebo group (95% CI = 0.38-infinity, p = 0.45). cFMT was associated with sustained donor-induced shifts in fecal microbial composition. Changes in MAIT cell cytokine production were observed in cFMT recipients and correlated with treatment response. Conclusion These pilot data suggest that daily encapsulated cFMT may extend the durability of index FMT-induced changes in gut bacterial community structure and that an association between MAIT cell cytokine production and clinical response to FMT may exist in UC populations. Oral frozen encapsulated cFMT is a promising FMT delivery system and may be preferred for longterm treatment strategies in UC and other chronic diseases but further evaluations will have to address home storage concerns. Larger trials should be done to explore the benefits of cFMT and to determine its long-term impacts on the colonic microbiome. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02390726). Registered 17 March 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02390726?term=NCT02390726&draw=2&rank=1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01856-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Crothers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA. .,Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Nathaniel D Chu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Le Thanh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Magen Phillips
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Cheryl Collins
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Karen Fortner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Roxana Del Rio-Guerra
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Peter Callas
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Mario Velez
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Aaron Cohn
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Ryan J Elliott
- OpenBiome, 2067 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Wing Fei Wong
- OpenBiome, 2067 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Elaine Vo
- Finch Therapeutics, 200 Inner Belt Rd, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Rebecca Wilcox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Finch Therapeutics, 200 Inner Belt Rd, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Zain Kassam
- Finch Therapeutics, 200 Inner Belt Rd, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Ralph Budd
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Peter L Moses
- Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.,Finch Therapeutics, 200 Inner Belt Rd, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
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16
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Starz E, Wzorek K, Folwarski M, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Stachowska L, Przewłócka K, Stachowska E, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. The Modification of the Gut Microbiota via Selected Specific Diets in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:2125. [PMID: 34206152 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms in Crohn’s disease (CD) are common and affect the quality of life of patients; consequently, a growing number of studies have been published on diet interventions in this group. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and the progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including CD, has been widely discussed. Mainly, a decreased abundance of Firmicutes, species of the Bifidobacterium genus, and the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species as well as a reduced general diversity have been described. In this review article, we summarize available data on the influence of reduction diets on the microbiome of patients with CD. One of the most frequently used elimination diets in CD patients is the low-FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet. Although many papers show it may reduce abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloating, it also reduces the intake of prebiotic substances, which can negatively affect the gut microbiota composition, decreasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium species and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Other elimination diets used by IBD patients, such as lactose-free or gluten-free diets, have also been shown to disturb the microbial diversity. On the other hand, CDED (Crohn’s disease exclusion diet) with partial enteral nutrition not only induces the remission of CD but also has a positive influence on the microbiota. The impact of diet interventions on the microbiota and, potentially, on the future course of the disease should be considered when nutritional guidelines for IBD patients are designed. Dietetic recommendations should be based not only on the regulation of the symptoms but also on the long-term development of the disease.
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17
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Ashaolu TJ, Fernández-Tomé S. Gut mucosal and adipose tissues as health targets of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Fernández-Tomé S, Indiano-Romacho P, Mora-Gutiérrez I, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Ortega Moreno L, Marin AC, Baldán-Martín M, Moreno-Monteagudo JA, Santander C, Chaparro M, Hernández-Ledesma B, Gisbert JP, Bernardo D. Lunasin Peptide is a Modulator of the Immune Response in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001034. [PMID: 33890400 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lunasin is a soybean bioactive peptide with a variety of beneficial properties against chronic disorders. However, its effect in human primary intestinal cells remains unknown. Hence, this study aims to characterize its ex vivo biological activity in the human intestinal mucosa. METHODS AND RESULTS Human intestinal biopsies, obtained from healthy controls, are ex vivo conditioned with lunasin both in the presence/absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Peptide maintains its stability during biopsy culture by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Lunasin is bioactive in the human mucosa, as it induces IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A, CCL2, and PGE2/COX-2 gene expression together with an increased expression of tolerogenic IL-10 and TGFβ, while it also downregulates the expression of iNOS and subunit p65 from NF-κB. Indeed, lunasin also abrogates the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response, downregulating IL-17A, IFNγ, and IL-8 expression, and inducing IL-10 and TGFβ expression. These results are also mirrored in the cell-free culture supernatants at the protein level by Multiplex. Moreover, lunasin further induces a regulatory phenotype and function on human intestinal conventional dendritic cell and macrophage subsets as assessed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS We hereby have characterized lunasin as an immunomodulatory peptide with potential capacity to prevent immune and inflammatory-mediated disorders in the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fernández-Tomé
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Indiano-Romacho
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mora-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia C Marin
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Baldán-Martín
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Andrés Moreno-Monteagudo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Santander
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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19
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Prasad R, Patton MJ, Floyd JL, Vieira CP, Fortmann S, DuPont M, Harbour A, Jeremy CS, Wright J, Lamendella R, Stevens BR, Grant MB. Plasma microbiome in COVID-19 subjects: an indicator of gut barrier defects and dysbiosis. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33851159 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.06.438634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut is a well-established route of infection and target for viral damage by SARS-CoV-2. This is supported by the clinical observation that about half of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptoms. We asked whether the analysis of plasma could provide insight into gut barrier dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. Plasma samples of COVID-19 patients (n=30) and healthy control (n=16) were collected during hospitalization. Plasma microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, metatranscriptomic analysis, and gut permeability markers including FABP-2, PGN and LPS in both patient cohorts. Almost 65% (9 out 14) COVID-19 patients showed abnormal presence of gut microbes in their bloodstream. Plasma samples contained predominately Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria . The abundance of gram-negative bacteria ( Acinetobacter, Nitrospirillum, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Aquabacterium, Burkholderia, Caballeronia, Parabhurkholderia, Bravibacterium, and Sphingomonas ) was higher than the gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus ) in COVID-19 subjects. The levels of plasma gut permeability markers FABP2 (1282±199.6 vs 838.1±91.33; p=0.0757), PGN (34.64±3.178 vs 17.53±2.12; p<0.0001), and LPS (405.5±48.37 vs 249.6±17.06; p=0.0049) were higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. These findings support that the intestine may represent a source for bacteremia and may contribute to worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Therapies targeting the gut and prevention of gut barrier defects may represent a strategy to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
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20
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Khine WWT, Teo AHT, Loong LWW, Tan JJH, Ang CGH, Ng W, Lee CN, Zhu C, Lau QC, Lee YK. Gut Microbiome of a Multiethnic Community Possessed No Predominant Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040702. [PMID: 33805276 PMCID: PMC8065435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing globalisation, various diets from around the world are readily available in global cities. This study aimed to verify if multiethnic dietary habits destabilised the gut microbiome in response to frequent changes, leading to readily colonisation of exogenous microbes. This may have health implications. We profiled Singapore young adults of different ethnicities for dietary habits, faecal type, gut microbiome and cytokine levels. Subjects were challenged with Lactobacillus casei, and corresponding changes in microbiome and cytokines were evaluated. Here, we found that the majority of young adults had normal stool types (73% Bristol Scale Types 3 and 4) and faecal microbiome categorised into three clusters, irrespective of race and gender. Cluster 1 was dominated by Bacteroides, Cluster 2 by Prevotella, while Cluster 3 showed a marginal increase in Blautia, Ruminococaceae and Ruminococcus, without a predominant microbiota. These youngsters in the three faecal microbiome clusters preferred Western high sugary beverages, Southeast Asian plant-rich diet and Asian/Western diets in rotation, respectively. Multiethnic dietary habits (Cluster 3) led to a gut microbiome without predominant microbiota yet demonstrated colonisation resistance to Lactobacillus. Although Bacteroides and Prevotella are reported to be health-promoting but also risk factors for some illnesses, Singapore-style dietary rotation habits may alleviate Bacteroides and Prevotella associated ill effects. Different immunological outcome was observed during consumption of the lactobacilli among the three microbiome clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Thwe Khine
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (W.W.T.K.); (A.H.T.T.)
- Functional Food Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Hui Ting Teo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (W.W.T.K.); (A.H.T.T.)
| | - Lucas Wee Wei Loong
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (L.W.W.L.); (J.J.H.T.); (C.G.H.A.); (W.N.); (C.Z.); (Q.C.L.)
| | - Jarett Jun Hao Tan
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (L.W.W.L.); (J.J.H.T.); (C.G.H.A.); (W.N.); (C.Z.); (Q.C.L.)
| | - Clarabelle Geok Hui Ang
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (L.W.W.L.); (J.J.H.T.); (C.G.H.A.); (W.N.); (C.Z.); (Q.C.L.)
| | - Winnie Ng
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (L.W.W.L.); (J.J.H.T.); (C.G.H.A.); (W.N.); (C.Z.); (Q.C.L.)
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, National University of Hospital, Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Congju Zhu
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (L.W.W.L.); (J.J.H.T.); (C.G.H.A.); (W.N.); (C.Z.); (Q.C.L.)
| | - Quek Choon Lau
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (L.W.W.L.); (J.J.H.T.); (C.G.H.A.); (W.N.); (C.Z.); (Q.C.L.)
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (W.W.T.K.); (A.H.T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, National University of Hospital, Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Zhong H, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhao R. Metal-organic frameworks as advanced materials for sample preparation of bioactive peptides. Anal Methods 2021; 13:862-873. [PMID: 33543184 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel affinity materials and separation techniques is crucial for the progress of modern proteomics and peptidomics. Detection of peptides and proteins from complex matrices still remains a challenging task due to the highly complicated biological composition, low abundance of target molecules, and large dynamic range of proteins. As an emerging area of analytical science, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based separation of proteins and peptides is attracting growing interest. This minireview summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based affinity materials for the sample preparation of proteins and peptides. Some newly emerging MOF nanoreactors for the degradation of peptides and proteins are introduced. An update of MOF-based affinity materials for the isolation of glycopeptides, phosphopeptides and low-abundance endogenous peptides in the last two years is focused on. The separation mechanism is discussed along with the chemical structures of MOFs. Finally, the remaining challenges and future development of MOFs in analyzing peptides and proteins in complicated biological samples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifei Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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22
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Amoroso C, Perillo F, Strati F, Fantini M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051234. [PMID: 32429359 PMCID: PMC7291275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring immune homeostasis through the normalization of the gut microbiota is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. The customization of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in IBD management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host−microbe interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies. By considering gut microbiota dysbiosis as a key feature for the establishment of chronic inflammatory events, in the near future it will be suitable to design new cost-effective, physiologic, and patient-oriented therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD that can be applied in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amoroso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Duilio Casula Hospital, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy;
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Chondrou P, Karapetsas A, Kiousi DE, Vasileiadis S, Ypsilantis P, Botaitis S, Alexopoulos A, Plessas S, Bezirtzoglou E, Galanis A. Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus paracasei K5 in vitro and In Vivo. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050709. [PMID: 32403327 PMCID: PMC7284587 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei K5 is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain that has been isolated from dairy products. Previous studies have established its probiotic potential in a series of in vitro tests, including molecular characterization, safety profiling, and tolerability of the gastrointestinal tract conditions. To characterize its beneficial actions on the host, we have shown previously that L. paracasei K5 adheres to Caco-2 cells and exerts anti-proliferative effects through the induction of apoptosis. In the present study, we focused on the immunomodulatory potential of this strain. We employed the dorsal-air-pouch mouse model of inflammation and recorded an eight-fold increase in the recruitment of immune cells in mice treated with the probiotic strain, compared to the control group. Analysis of the exudates revealed significant changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators on site. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with L. paracasei K5 induced significant upregulation of cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-1α), ΙL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), the chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2), and the inflammation markers soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1). Transient induction of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, 6, and 9 expression levels was recorded by real-time PCR analysis. These results highlight the immunomodulatory potential of this strain and further support its probiotic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelagia Chondrou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (P.C.); (A.K.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Athanasios Karapetsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (P.C.); (A.K.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (P.C.); (A.K.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Stavros Vasileiadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (S.V.); (P.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Petros Ypsilantis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (S.V.); (P.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Sotiris Botaitis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (S.V.); (P.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada 68200, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada 68200, Greece; (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece;
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (P.C.); (A.K.); (D.E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-25510-30634; Fax: +30-25510-30634
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24
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Triantafillidis JK, Tzouvala M, Triantafyllidi E. Enteral Nutrition Supplemented with Transforming Growth Factor-β, Colostrum, Probiotics, and Other Nutritional Compounds in the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1048. [PMID: 32290232 PMCID: PMC7230540 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteral nutrition seems to play a significant role in the treatment of both adults and children with active Crohn's disease, and to a lesser degree in the treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis. The inclusion of some special factors in the enteral nutrition formulas might increase the rate of the efficacy. Actually, enteral nutrition enriched in Transforming Growth Factor-β reduced the activity index and maintained remission in patients with Crohn's disease. In addition, a number of experimental animal studies have shown that colostrum exerts a significantly positive result. Probiotics of a special type and a certain dosage could also reduce the inflammatory process in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Therefore, the addition of these factors in an enteral nutrition formula might increase its effectiveness. Although the use of these formulas is not supported by large clinical trials, it could be argued that their administration in selected cases as an exclusive diet or in combination with the drugs used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease could benefit the patient. In this review, the authors provide an update on the role of enteral nutrition, supplemented with Transforming Growth Factor-β, colostrum, and probiotics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology “St Panteleimon” General Hospital, ZC 18454 Nicea, Greece;
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