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Sanna C, Fais A, Era B, Delogu GL, Sanna E, Dazzi L, Rosa A, Marengo A, Rubiolo P, De Agostini A, Floris S, Pintus F. Promising inhibition of diabetes-related enzymes and antioxidant properties of Ptilostemon casabonae leaves extract. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2274798. [PMID: 37905438 PMCID: PMC11003480 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2274798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism. One of the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of T2D is reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia through inhibition of the digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In this context, aimed at identifying natural products endowed with anti-T2D potential, we focused on Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter, a species belonging to Asteraceae family. Enzymatic inhibition, antioxidant activity, phenolic composition and cellular assays were performed. This study revealed that the P. casabonae hydroalcoholic extract exerts a potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. This activity is supported by an antioxidant effect, preventing ROS formation in a stressed cellular system. HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis, revealed a complex polyphenolic fraction. Among the tested pure compounds, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin and rutin displayed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Our study suggested new potential of P. casabonae encouraging us to further testing the possible therapeutic potential of this extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna L. Delogu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio De Agostini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Floris
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Sanna C, Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Bonvicini F, Gentilomi GA, Trincia S, Poli F. Metabolomic analysis and bioactivities of Arbutus unedo leaves harvested across the seasons in different natural habitats of Sardinia (Italy). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:490. [PMID: 37828439 PMCID: PMC10571483 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbutus unedo L. is a wild tree of Mediterranean regions used as food and in traditional medicine and important for afforestation programs. There is no detailed information available on the variation of A. unedo leaves metabolome across the seasons. The leaves were analyzed by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR)-based metabolomics, comparing samples harvested across the seasons and in ten different natural habitats of Sardinia (Italy). RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed the impact of seasonal variation on the metabolome: glucose and quinic acid increased in summer, while in spring sucrose was accumulated. β-Arbutin, the main known active principle of A. unedo, generally reached the highest concentration in autumn. In winter, O-β-methylglucose, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), flavonols (quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnoside), catechin, and gallocatechin increased. Characteristic metabolomic features were found also for samples collected in different locations. For instance, trees growing at the highest altitude and exposed to lower temperatures produced less flavonols and catechins. The only sample collected on trees growing on limestones, dolomites, and dolomitic limestones type of soil showed generally the highest content of arbutin. The highest phenolics content was found during spring, while samples collected on flowering branches in winter were the ones with the highest flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was also variated, ranging from 1.3 to 10.1 mg of Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL of extract, and it was positively correlated to both total phenolics and flavonoid content. Winter samples showed the lowest antibacterial activity, while summer and autumn ones exhibited the highest activity (IC50 values ranging from 17.3 to 42.3 µg/mL against Staphylococcal species). CONCLUSION This work provides 1 H-NMR fingerprinting of A. unedo leaves, elucidating the main metabolites and their variations during seasons. On the basis of arbutin content, autumn could be considered the balsamic period of this taxon. Samples collected in this season were also the most active ones as antibacterial. Moreover, an interesting metabolomic profile enriched in catechins and flavonols was observed in leaves collected in winter on flowering branches which were endowed with high antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, Cagliari, 09123, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bonvicini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanna A Gentilomi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Simona Trincia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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Oppedisano F, De Fazio R, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Palma E, Abbas Raza SH, Tilocca B, Merola C, Piras C, Britti D. Mediterranean Plants with Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Meta-Analysis for Green Veterinary Pharmacology Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2264. [PMID: 37764109 PMCID: PMC10534841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health crisis, necessitating the search for innovative strategies to combat infectious diseases. The unique biodiversity of Italian flora offers a treasure trove of plant species and their associated phytochemicals, which hold immense potential as a solution to address AMR. By investigating the antimicrobial properties of Italian flora and their phytochemical constituents, this study aims to shed light on the potential of phyto-complexes as a valuable resource for developing novel or supportive antimicrobial agents useful for animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosario De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.D.F.); (B.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (E.P.)
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.D.F.); (B.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Cristian Piras
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.D.F.); (B.T.); (D.B.)
- CISVetSUA, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia University” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.D.F.); (B.T.); (D.B.)
- CISVetSUA, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Sanna C, D’Abrosca B, Fiorentino A, Giammarino F, Vicenti I, Corona A, Caredda A, Tramontano E, Esposito F. HIV-1 Integrase Inhibition Activity by Spiroketals Derived from Plagius flosculosus, an Endemic Plant of Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1118. [PMID: 37631033 PMCID: PMC10457970 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigated, for the first time, the effect of Plagius flosculosus (L.) Alavi & Heywood, a Sardinian-Corsican endemic plant, on HIV-1 integrase (IN) activity. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves chloroform extract led us to isolate and characterize three compounds (SPK1, SPK2, and SPK3) belonging to the spiroketals, a group of naturally occurring metabolites of phytochemical relevance with interesting biological properties. Due to their structural diversity, these cyclic ketals have attracted the interest of chemists and biologists. SPK1, SPK2, and SPK3 were evaluated here for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 integrase activity in biochemical assays. The results showed that all the compounds inhibited HIV-1 IN activity. In particular, the most active one was SPK3, which interfered in a low molecular range (IC50 of 1.46 ± 0.16 µM) with HIV-1 IN activity in the presence/absence of the LEDGF cellular cofactor. To investigate the mechanism of action, the three spiroketals were also tested on HIV-1 RT-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity, proving to be active in inhibiting this function. Although SPK3 was unable to inhibit viral replication in cell culture, it promoted the IN multimerization. We hypothesize that SPK3 inhibited HIV-1 IN through an allosteric mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Brigida D’Abrosca
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Federica Giammarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.G.); (I.V.)
| | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.G.); (I.V.)
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Alessia Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
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Maccioni A, Macis S, Gibernau M, Farris E. Phytochemical diversity within and among Sardinian populations of the endemic Teucrium marum L. (Lamiaceae) is determined by ecological factors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17728. [PMID: 37539184 PMCID: PMC10395143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild aromatic plants present high intra- and inter-population chemical polymorphisms which are of great ecological and economic interest; however, the factors influencing the phytochemical diversity of aromatic plants remain still unexplored for many species. Here, Teucrium marum L. (Lamiaceae) has been studied, a plant endemic to the western Mediterranean islands, very well-known from the phytochemical point of view but scarcely investigated regarding the ecological factors that influence its phytochemical diversity within and among populations. The specific aims were to: 1) define the chemical composition variability of its essential oils; 2) determine its inter- and intra-population chemical variability; and 3) evaluate whether the elevation, climatic factors and/or the soil substrate determined the phytochemical variability of T. marum along a gradient from coastal to mountain wild populations on the island of Sardinia (Italy). Fresh T. marum aerial parts were randomly collected from ten individuals in six different localities in Sardinia: three coastal and three mountainous. Dried leaf samples were hydrodistillated using a classical Clevenger apparatus to obtain the corresponding essential oils. The composition of each essential oil was chemically characterised and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Ninety compounds were identified: among the others, the two compounds that mainly characterised the essential oils of the studied populations, dolichodial and (E)-β-caryophyllene, are of great economic interest. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in phytochemical essential oil composition among and within the studied populations, which clustered following a geographical pattern rather than a simple climatic or edaphic grouping. Taken together the results here shown shed light on the environmental and geographical conditions that determine the chemical variability of essential oils in T. marum, highlighting a clear coastal vs mountain clustering, which has an ecological and economic relevance, especially for the potential utilization of dolichodial as an environmental-friendly insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Maccioni
- Dept. of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Silvia Macis
- Dept. of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Marc Gibernau
- Laboratory of Sciences for the Environment (UMR 6134), CNRS – University of Corsica, Vignola – Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Dept. of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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Marengo A, Maciel LS, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Herodes K. Free Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines Profiling and Variation in Wild and Sub-Endemic Cardueae Species from Sardinia and Corse. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:319. [PMID: 36679032 PMCID: PMC9864185 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cardueae are a common species in the Mediterranean area where they grow spontaneously and are traditionally employed as food and for health purposes. In this work, five Cardueae, including two sub-endemic species (four Carduus and three Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter samples from different locations) were collected from Sardinia and the Corse islands. All the considered plants are characteristic of the area, in particular the sub-endemic species C. cephalanthus and P. casabonae. This work aims to obtain, for the first time, the amino compounds profile (primary metabolites) of these little-studied species to detect for any similarities and differences among the different samples using statistical analyses. A recently developed method was employed, where diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (DEEMM) derivatives are detected in a neutral loss scan mode using high performance liquid chromatography in tandem with a mass spectrometry technique. In total, 42 amino compounds were detected, of which 33 were fully identified and semi-quantified. Overall, the results show that DEEMM-derivatized amino compounds are qualitatively similar among the considered samples. Nonetheless, a discrimination at the genus level is possible. This work adds more information regarding the phytochemical composition regarding the primary metabolites of the considered samples, their discriminations and the search for compounds with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Diversity in the Orchid Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge from Sardinia (Italy). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are produced by plants to address a variety of physiological and ecological tasks (among others, stress resistance, and pollinator attraction). Genetics is a key factor in determining plants’ VOCs content and emission, nevertheless, environment strongly influences VOCs profiles in plants. Orchids are a widespread group of plants that colonize diverse environments and rely on complex and refined pollination mechanisms to reproduce. Orchids VOCs are rarely studied and discussed in relation to growing conditions. In the present study, we compare the volatile profiles of inflorescences of Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge sampled in six ecologically diverse populations on Sardinia Island (Italy). The essential oils obtained by steam distillation were characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. A total of 79 compounds were detected, belonging to the chemical classes of saturated hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, ketones, unsaturated hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated terpenes, terpenes, acids, and aldehydes. Multivariate statistics separated H. robertianum populations based on their chemical profiles. Differences were positively linked to the distance separating populations and reflected climatological features of the sampling sites. Interestingly, our results differed from those available in the literature, pointing out the high variability of VOCs profiles in this food-deceptive orchid.
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Cocco E, Maccioni D, Sanjust E, Falconieri D, Farris E, Maxia A. Ethnopharmacobotany and Diversity of Mediterranean Endemic Plants in Marmilla Subregion, Sardinia, Italy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223165. [PMID: 36432894 PMCID: PMC9695302 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human populations in various regions across the world exploit the medicinal properties of plants to treat a wide variety of diseases. Areas with both high rates of endemic taxa and persisting traditional uses of the local botanical resources are key sites for the investigation of Traditional Botanical Knowledge (TBK). Commonly, in these areas, information regarding the medicinal properties of native plants has been transmitted orally from generation to generation, however, a rapid decline in this knowledge has been observed, which can be attributed to socio-economic changes in recent years. The Mediterranean basin is one such site, where human history is intimately entwined with nature. The unique geographical situation and unrivaled environmental heterogeneity of the area, have allowed both the development of diverse civilizations as well as providing the basis for the evolution of extraordinary biodiversity. The Mediterranean basin can therefore be considered a global hotspot of endemic vascular plants, and of traditional knowledge of medicinal and aromatic species. This study researches the historical subregion of Marmilla (central-southern Sardinia, Italy), which was chosen because of its specific cultural and demographic characteristics: i.e., prolonged isolation and extreme longevity of the inhabitants of the area. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 145 people from the region, and 137 medicinal plants belonging to 62 families were identified, of which around 57,3% were taxa exclusive to the Mediterranean Basin. Findings showed that the most used parts of the plant were the leaves (49%), while as far as preparations are concerned, decoction (50%) was the most used to prepare medicinal formulations, making this the highest number of medico-botanical taxa reported in a study carried out in Sardinia using a similar methodology. In addition, this study contributes towards preventing the loss of TBK by documenting the medicinal traditions, passed down orally for centuries, in the words of the participants, shedding new light on the traditional knowledge of the inhabitants of the island. The findings lay the foundations for future applied studies in the fields of phytotherapy and phytochemical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cocco
- Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Delia Maccioni
- Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanjust
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Danilo Falconieri
- Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale "Michele Giua", Via Montecassino, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Guzzo F, Durán AG, Sanna C, Marasco R, Molfetta N, Buommino E, Fiorentino A, D’Abrosca B. Gallomyrtucommulones G and H, New Phloroglucinol Glycosides, from Bioactive Fractions of Myrtus communis against Staphylococcus Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207109. [PMID: 36296701 PMCID: PMC9612225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Myrtaceae family is a continuous source of antimicrobial agents. In the search for novel antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus species, bioactive fractions of Myrtus communis L., growing in the Sardinia island (Italy) have been investigated. Their phytochemical analysis led us to isolate and characterize four alkylphloroglucinol glycosides (1–4), three of them gallomyrtucommulones G–H (1,2), and myrtucommulonoside (4) isolated and characterized for the first time. The structures of the new and known compounds, endopreroxide G3 (5), myricetin-3-O-glycosides (6,7) were determined based on the spectroscopic evidence including 1D-/2D-NMR and HR-MS spectrometry. Enriched fractions as well as pure compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity by broth micro-dilution assay against Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. Results reported herein demonstrated that gallomyrtucommulone G (1) showed a selective antimicrobial activity against both S. aureus strains (ATCC 29213 and 43300) until 16 μg/mL while gallomyrtucommulone D (3) showed the best growth inhibition value at 64 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche–DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alexandra G. Durán
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), C/ República Saharaui n° 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosangela Marasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche–DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicola Molfetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Buommino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (B.D.)
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche–DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Brigida D’Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche–DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (B.D.)
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Duan X, Li J, Cui J, Li H, Hasan B, Xin X. Chemical component and in vitro protective effects of Matricaria chamomilla (L.) against lipopolysaccharide insult. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115471. [PMID: 35716917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a popular herbal tea for the treatment of hepatitis and cholecystitis in traditional Uygur medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of M. chamomilla, and clarify its molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS M. chamomilla was extracted with 75% ethanol and then extracted with different solvents to obtain five fractions, namely petroleum ether fraction (EOPE), dichloromethane fraction (EOD), ethyl acetate fraction (EOEA), n-butanol fraction (EOB), and water fraction (EOW). Cytotoxicity and the effect on the nitric oxide (NO) production of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS of the five fractions were screened, and the most active one (EOD) was selected for further investigations. The components of EOD were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis in combination with comparison of retention time and UV absorption with authentic compounds by HPLC. In addition, five most abundant compounds of EOD were isolation by column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and their structures were further confirmed by HRMS and NMR data analysis and comparison with data in literatures. Then the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of EOD were predicted through Network pharmacology using the identified compounds from EOD, and further verified by Western Blot and ELISA experiments. RESULTS EOD showed the most significant inhibition ratio against NO in RAW264.7 cells without toxicity among the tested five fractions. Thirty-seven compounds including flavonoid-O-glycoside, flavonoid aglycone, methylated flavonoid aglycone, phenolic acid, coumarin, sesquiterpene, and triterpene were identified from EOD by LC-MS/MS and comparison with authentic compounds. The five most abundant compounds in EOD were isolated and determined to be axillarin (26), tricin (30), chrysoeriol (31), centaureidin (33) and chrysosplenetin (35). IL-6, NF-κB, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, TNF were the most important anti-inflammatory targets of EOD predicted by Network pharmacology. Western Blot and ELISA experiments revealed that EOD significantly decreased the protein expression levels of inflammatory factors (PGE2, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α), iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB (p-P65 and p-IκBα), MAPKs (p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK), and increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and CYP2E1. In addition, EOD blocked the p65 protein into the nucleus and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSION M. chamomilla exerted anti-inflammatory effect via NF-κB, MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. It could be further applied as a safe anti-inflammatory agent from natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Road South 40-1, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Road South 40-1, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingxue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Road South 40-1, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Road South 40-1, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bilal Hasan
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Pulmonary Hypertension, 116 Huanghe Rd, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xuelei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Road South 40-1, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ameliorated UVB-Induced Oxidative Damage and Photoaging and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101875. [PMID: 36290598 PMCID: PMC9598452 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a major environmental causative factor of skin oxidative damage and photoaging. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei is a well-known probiotic strain that can regulate skin health. The present study investigated the effects of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (PL) on UVB linked oxidative damage and photoaging in skin cells (Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and B16F10 murine melanoma cells). Results demonstrated that: (1) PL prevented UVB-induced cytotoxicity relating to decreased DNA damage in NHDF and B16F10 cells; (2) PL alleviated UVB-induced oxidative damage through increasing GSH content, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels (except MnSOD activity and mRNA levels as well as CAT mRNA level) relating to the activation of Sirt1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling in NHDF cells; (3) PL attenuated UVB-induced photoaging was noticed with a decrease in the percentage of SA-β-gal positive cells in NHDF cells model. Moreover, PL attenuated UVB-induced photoaging through exerting an anti-wrinkling effect by enhancing the type I collagen level relating to the inhibition (JNK, p38)/(c-Fos, c-Jun) of signaling in NHDF cells, and exerting an anti-melanogenic effect by suppressing tyrosinase and TYRP-1 activity and/or expressions relating to the inhibition of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling in B16F10 cells. In conclusion, PL could ameliorate UVB-induced oxidative damage and photoaging. Therefore, PL may be a potential antioxidant and anti-photoaging active ingredient for the cosmetic industry.
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Plants with Antimicrobial Activity Growing in Italy: A Pathogen-Driven Systematic Review for Green Veterinary Pharmacology Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070919. [PMID: 35884173 PMCID: PMC9311764 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance threatening humans may be linked with antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance in other species, especially among farm animals and, more in general, in the entire environment. From this perspective, Green Veterinary Pharmacology was proven successful for the control of parasites in small ruminants and for the control of other pests such as varroa in bee farming. As in anthelmintic resistance, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the major challenges against the successful treatment of infectious diseases, and antimicrobials use in agriculture contributes to the spread of more AMR bacterial phenotypes, genes, and proteins. With this systematic review, we list Italian plants with documented antimicrobial activity against possible pathogenic microbes. Methods: The literature search included all the manuscripts published since 1990 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the keywords (i) “antimicrobial, plants, Italy”; (ii) “antibacterial, plant, Italy”; (iii) “essential oil, antibacterial, Italy”; (iv) “essential oil, antimicrobial, Italy”; (v) “methanol extract, antibacterial, Italy”; (vi) “methanol extract, antimicrobial, Italy”. Results: In total, 105 manuscripts that documented the inhibitory effect of plants growing in Italy against bacteria were included. One hundred thirty-five plants were recorded as effective against Gram+ bacteria, and 88 against Gram−. This will provide a ready-to-use comprehensive tool to be further tested against the indicated list of pathogens and will suggest new alternative strategies against bacterial pathogens to be employed in Green Veterinary Pharmacology applications.
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Guzzo F, Russo R, Sanna C, Celaj O, Caredda A, Corona A, Tramontano E, Fiorentino A, Esposito F, D’Abrosca B. Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from Scrophularia trifoliata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164777. [PMID: 34443358 PMCID: PMC8398805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the everlasting source of a wide spectrum of specialized metabolites, characterized by wide variability in term of chemical structures and different biological properties such antiviral activity. In the search for novel antiviral agents against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) from plants, the phytochemical investigation of Scrophularia trifoliata L. led us to isolate and characterize four flavonols glycosides along with nine iridoid glycosides, two of them, 5 and 13, described for the first time. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the contents of a methanol extract of S. trifoliata leaves, in order to explore the potential antiviral activity against HIV-1. The antiviral activity was evaluated in biochemical assays for the inhibition of HIV-1Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity and HIV-1 Integrase (IN). Three isolated flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-7-O-rhamnosyl-3-O-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside, 8–10, inhibited specifically the HIV-1 IN activity at submicromolar concentration, with the latter being the most potent, showing an IC50 value of 24 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guzzo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Odeta Celaj
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnologies, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (B.D.)
| | - Brigida D’Abrosca
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnologies, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (B.D.)
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Maccioni A, Falconieri D, Sanna C, Porcedda S, Piras A, Maxia A. Characterization of Essential Oils from Different Taxa Belonging to the Genus Teucrium in Sardinia Island, Italy. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071359. [PMID: 34371562 PMCID: PMC8309330 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) is a genus growing in mild climate zones, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin and Central Asia. It is represented by 11 taxa in Sardinia (Italy), living commonly in sunny habitats. In this study, the following eight Sardinian Teucrium taxa were selected, and the essential oils (EOs), obtained by stem distillation, were analyzed by GC–FID and GC–MS: T. capitatum subsp. capitatum, T. chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys, T. flavum subsp. glaucum, T. marum, T. massiliense, T. scordium subsp. scordioides, T. scorodonia, and T. subspinosum. The comprehensive analyses led to the identification of 87 constituents representing the majority of the volatile compounds. Significant differences, both qualitative and quantitative, were observed between the taxa. Overall, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes characterized all Teucrium EOs: T. capitatum subsp. capitatum and T. flavum subsp. glaucum revealed the highest content of monoterpene hydrocarbons, while in the other Teucrium taxa sesquiterpene hydrocarbons prevailed. Worthy of note, diterpenes were found only in T. marum and T. subspinosum, whereas T. massiliense was rich in non-terpenic oxygenated compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the chemical composition of EOs obtained from Sardinian Teucrium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Maccioni
- Co.S.Me.Se, Consorzio per lo Studio dei Metaboliti Secondari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Danilo Falconieri
- State Industrial Technical Institute “Michele Giua”, Via Montecassino 41, 09134 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Co.S.Me.Se, Consorzio per lo Studio dei Metaboliti Secondari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Co.S.Me.Se, Consorzio per lo Studio dei Metaboliti Secondari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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