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Barjesteh F, Heidari-Kalvani N, Alipourfard I, Najafi M, Bahreini E. Testosterone, β-estradiol, and hepatocellular carcinoma: stimulation or inhibition? A comparative effect analysis on cell cycle, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling of HepG2 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03019-5. [PMID: 38421409 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Unlike breast and prostate cancers, which are specifically affected by estrogens or androgens, hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported to be influenced by both sex hormones. Given the coincidental differences of hepatocellular carcinoma in men and women, we investigated the effects of β-estradiol and testosterone on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma to understand the sex hormone-related etiology. To determine the effective concentration of both hormones, an MTT assay was performed. The effects of β-estradiol and testosterone on cell proliferation and death were evaluated by specific staining and flow cytometry. In addition, gene expression levels of estimated factors involved in GPC3-Wnt survival signaling were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both hormones inhibited hepatic cell proliferation through arresting the cell cycle at S/G2 and increased the apoptosis rate in HepG2 cells. Both hormones dose-dependently decreased GPC3, Wnt, and DVL expression levels as activators of the Wnt-signaling pathway. In the case of Wnt-signaling inhibitors, the effects of both hormones on WIF were negligible, but they increased DKK1 levels in a dose-dependent manner. In each of the effects mentioned above, β-estradiol was notably more potent than testosterone. In contrast to the primary hypothesis of the project, in which testosterone was considered a stimulating carcinogenic factor in HCC pathogenesis, testosterone inhibited the occurrence of HCC similarly to β-estradiol. However, this inhibitory effect was weaker than that of β-estradiol and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Barjesteh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Heidari-Kalvani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran.
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Shi X, Bu X, Zhou X, Shen N, Chang Y, Yu W, Wu Y. Prognostic analysis and risk assessment based on RNA editing in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-023-00819-y. [PMID: 38217666 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and prognosis assessment is crucial for guiding treatment decisions. In this study, we aimed to develop a personalized prognostic model for HCC based on RNA editing. RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that can affect gene expression and, in some cases, play a role in cancer development. By analyzing RNA editing sites in HCC, we sought to identify a set of sites associated with patient prognosis and use them to create a prognostic model. We gathered RNA editing data from the Synapse database, comprising 9990 RNA editing sites and 250 HCC samples. Additionally, we collected clinical data for 377 HCC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We employed a multi-step approach to identify prognosis-related RNA editing sites (PR-RNA-ESs). We assessed how patients in the high-risk and low-risk groups, as defined by the model, fared in terms of survival. A nomogram was developed to predict the precise survival prognosis of HCC patients and assessed the prognostic model's utility through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Our analysis identified 33 prognosis-related RNA editing sites (PR-RNA-ESs) associated with HCC patient prognosis. Using a combination of LASSO regression and cross-validation, we constructed a prognostic model based on 13 PR-RNA-ESs. Survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in the survival outcomes of patients in the high-risk and low-risk groups defined by this model. Additionally, the differential expression of the 13 PR-RNA-ESs played a role in shaping patient survival. Risk-prognostic investigations further distinguished patients based on their risk levels. The nomogram enabled precise survival prognosis prediction. Our study has successfully developed a highly personalized and accurate prognostic model for individuals with HCC, leveraging RNA editing data. This model has the potential to revolutionize clinical evaluation and medical management by providing individualized prognostic information. The identification of specific RNA editing sites associated with HCC prognosis and their incorporation into a predictive model holds promise for improving the precision of treatment strategies and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Shi
- Department of Biliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bu
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- The Fifth Ward, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjia Shen
- Department of Biliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Chang
- Department of Biliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Wu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Resende V, Tsilimigras DI, Endo Y, Guglielmi A, Ratti F, Aldrighetti L, Marques HP, Soubrane O, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Gleisner A, Martel G, Hugh T, Endo I, Shen F, Pawlik TM. Machine-Based Learning Hierarchical Cluster Analysis: Sex-Based Differences in Prognosis Following Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. World J Surg 2023; 47:3319-3327. [PMID: 37777670 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have a heterogeneous presentation, as well as different long-term outcomes following surgical resection. We sought to use machine learning to cluster patients into different prognostic groups based on preoperative characteristics. METHODS Patients who underwent curative-intent liver resection for HCC between 2000 and 2020 were identified from a large international multi-institutional database. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed based on preoperative factors to characterize patterns of presentation and define disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Among 966 with HCC, 3 distinct clusters were identified: Cluster 1 (n = 160, 16.5%), Cluster 2 (n = 537, 55.6%) and Cluster 3 (n = 269, 27.8%). Cluster 1 (n = 160, 16.5%) consisted of female patients (n = 160, 100%), low inflammation-based scores, intermediate tumor burden score (TBS) (median: 4.71) and high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (median 41.3 ng/mL); Cluster 2 consisted of male individuals (n = 537, 100%), mainly with a history of HBV infection (n = 429, 79.9%), low inflammation-based scores, intermediate AFP levels (median 26.0 ng/mL) and lower TBS (median 4.49); Cluster 3 was comprised of older patients (median age 68 years) predominantly male (n = 248, 92.2%) who had low incidence of HBV/HCV infection (7.1% and 8.2%, respectively), intermediate AFP levels (median 16.8 ng/mL), high inflammation-based scores and high TBS (median 6.58). Median DFS worsened incrementally among the three different clusters with Cluster 3 having the lowest DFS (Cluster 1: median not reached; Cluster 2: 34 months, 95% CI 23.0-48.0, Cluster 3: 19 months, 95% CI 15.0-29.0, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cluster analysis classified HCC patients into three distinct prognostic groups. Cluster assignment predicted DFS following resection of HCC with the female cluster having the most favorable prognosis following HCC resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Resende
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
- Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutaka Endo
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hugo P Marques
- Department of Surgery, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, APHP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Vincent Lam
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ana Gleisner
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Tom Hugh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Feng Shen
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Izquierdo AG, Carreira MC, Rodriguez-Carnero G, Perez-Lois R, Seoane LM, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. Gender Dimorphism in Hepatic Carcinogenesis-Related Gene Expression Associated with Obesity as a Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315002. [PMID: 36499327 PMCID: PMC9739425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show clear evidence of sexual dimorphism, with a significantly higher incidence in males. Among the determining factors that could explain this sex-based difference, the specific distribution of fat by sex has been suggested as a primary candidate, since obesity is a relevant risk factor. In this context, obesity, considered a low-grade chronic inflammatory pathology and responsible for the promotion of liver disease, could lead to sexual dimorphism in the expression profile of genes related to tumor development. When we compared the expression levels of genes associated with the early stages of carcinogenesis in the liver between male and female diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats, we observed that the expression pattern was similar in obese male and female animals. Interestingly, the SURVIVIN/BIRC5 oncogene showed a higher expression in male DIO rats than in female DIO and lean rats. This trend related to sexual dimorphism was observed in leukocytes from patients with obesity, although the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study evidenced a similar pattern in the expression of most carcinogenesis-related genes in the liver, except SUVIVIN/BIRC5, which could be a predictive biomarker of liver carcinogenesis predisposition in male patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Izquierdo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos C. Carreira
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Lois
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luisa M. Seoane
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B. Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-981-955-710
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Lu Z, Yang D, Qin S, Mo C, Zhang L, Ou Y, Li S. Testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 regulates androgen receptor expression through the MAPK/ERK pathway in male hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1087-1095. [PMID: 36261201 PMCID: PMC9994500 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.10.20220455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the mechanism of testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 (TSPY1) in male hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS This experimental study was carried out at Guangxi Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi, China, between January 2016 and December 2019. The expression of TSPY1, androgen receptor (AR), messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs), and proteins were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The co-localization and interaction of TSPY1 and AR were observed by immunofluorescence assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells overexpressing and silencing TSPY1 were constructed, and the expression and phosphorylation levels of TSPY1, AR, and mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway-related key molecules ERK1/2, p38, and JNK were also detected. RESULTS The expression levels of TSPY1, AR mRNAs, and proteins were highly positively correlated in HCC cells in different metastatic potentials with a high correlation coefficient of R=0.929 and R=0.884. Testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 and AR were then co-localized in the nucleus of HCC cells, and TSPY1 and AR can interact with each other. In addition, the expression of AR and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were enhanced in TSPY1 overexpressed Huh7 cells. They were reduced in HCCLM3 cells with TSPY1 knockdown expression. In addition, in response to blocking MAPK/ERK signaling activity, AR was reduced in expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that there was a positive correlation between TSPY1 expression and AR in male HCC cells, and high TSPY1 expression stimulates AR expression, MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may be involved in its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Lu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dongmei Yang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shanzi Qin
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Cuiju Mo
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Linyan Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yingying Ou
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shan Li
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
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Chen E, Yi J, Ren Q, Mi Y, Gan Z, Liu J. Overexpression of SRD5A3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Molecular Mechanism: A Study of Bioinformatics Exploration Analysis with Experimental Verification. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36159555 PMCID: PMC9507747 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7853168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and more prevalent among males than females. However, the biological role of enzyme 5α-reductase (SRD5A3), which plays a critical role in the androgen receptor signaling pathway during HCC development, remains poorly understood. Methods. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter were used to analyze the expression and prognostic value of SRD5A3 in HCC. STRING and Metascape were applied to analyze potential target and molecular pathways underlying SRD5A3 in HCC. A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the downstream target expression of SRD5A3. Results. The expression of SRD5A3 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues, while the expression of SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 were downregulated in multiple public datasets. It may be that the low methylation of the SRD5A3 promoter leads to its overexpression. The level of SRD5A3 tended to be higher expressed in clinical samples with advanced stage and positive node metastasis. Furthermore, the patients with higher SRD5A3 were remarkably associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in the TCGA data. In addition, the increased mRNA expression of SRD5A3 could predict poorer overall survival in Kaplan–Meier Plotter database including different patient cohorts. Moreover, HCC patients with higher level of SRD5A3 had significantly shorter recurrence-free survival, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Furthermore, enrichment analysis demonstrated that multiple processes, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, lipid biosynthetic process, and androgen metabolic process, were affected by SRD5A1-3 alterations. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of SRD5A3 was increased in HCC tissues than that in adjacent tissues. SRD5A3 silencing promoted the expression of DOLK in two HCC cell lines. Conclusions. This study identified SRD5A3/DOLK as a novel axis to regulate HCC development.
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Grant OA, Wang Y, Kumari M, Zabet NR, Schalkwyk L. Characterising sex differences of autosomal DNA methylation in whole blood using the Illumina EPIC array. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:62. [PMID: 35568878 PMCID: PMC9107695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences are known to play a role in disease aetiology, progression and outcome. Previous studies have revealed autosomal epigenetic differences between males and females in some tissues, including differences in DNA methylation patterns. Here, we report for the first time an analysis of autosomal sex differences in DNAme using the Illumina EPIC array in human whole blood by performing a discovery (n = 1171) and validation (n = 2471) analysis. RESULTS We identified and validated 396 sex-associated differentially methylated CpG sites (saDMPs) with the majority found to be female-biased CpGs (74%). These saDMP's are enriched in CpG islands and CpG shores and located preferentially at 5'UTRs, 3'UTRs and enhancers. Additionally, we identified 266 significant sex-associated differentially methylated regions overlapping genes, which have previously been shown to exhibit epigenetic sex differences, and novel genes. Transcription factor binding site enrichment revealed enrichment of transcription factors related to critical developmental processes and sex determination such as SRY and ESR1. CONCLUSION Our study reports a reliable catalogue of sex-associated CpG sites and elucidates several characteristics of these sites using large-scale discovery and validation data sets. This resource will benefit future studies aiming to investigate sex specific epigenetic signatures and further our understanding of the role of DNA methylation in sex differences in human whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Nicolae Radu Zabet
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Leonard Schalkwyk
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Allameh A, Hüttmann N, Charlebois E, Katsarou A, Gu W, Gkouvatsos K, Pasini E, Bhat M, Minic Z, Berezovski M, Guido M, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K. Hemojuvelin deficiency promotes liver mitochondrial dysfunction and predisposes mice to hepatocellular carcinoma. Commun Biol 2022; 5:153. [PMID: 35194137 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemojuvelin (HJV) enhances signaling to the iron hormone hepcidin and its deficiency causes iron overload, a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We utilized Hjv−/− mice to dissect mechanisms for hepatocarcinogenesis. We show that suboptimal treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) triggers HCC only in Hjv−/− but not wt mice. Liver proteomics data were obtained by mass spectrometry. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that Hjv deficiency and DEN elicit similar liver proteomic responses, including induction of mitochondrial proteins. Dietary iron overload of wt mice does not recapitulate the liver proteomic phenotype of Hjv−/− animals, which is only partially corrected by iron depletion. Consistent with these data, primary Hjv−/− hepatocytes exhibit mitochondrial hyperactivity, while aged Hjv−/− mice develop spontaneous HCC. Moreover, low expression of HJV or hepcidin (HAMP) mRNAs predicts poor prognosis in HCC patients. We conclude that Hjv has a hepatoprotective function and its deficiency in mice promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocarcinogenesis. Hemojuvelin (HJV), a BMP co-receptor promoting hepcidin expression in the liver, has a hepatoprotective function and its deficiency in mice triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Tseng GW, Lin MC, Lai SW, Peng CY, Chuang PH, Su WP, Kao JT, Lai HC. Do peripartum and postmenopausal women with primary liver cancer have a worse prognosis? A nationwide cohort in Taiwan. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1766-1776. [PMID: 34904044 PMCID: PMC8637664 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common cancers around the world, few large-scale population-based studies have been reported that evaluated the clinical survival outcomes among peripartum and postmenopausal women with PLC. AIM To investigate whether peripartum and postmenopausal women with PLC have lower overall survival rates compared with women who were not peripartum and postmenopausal. METHODS The Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data from 2000 to 2012 was used for this propensity-score-matched study. A cohort of 40 peripartum women with PLC and a reference cohort of 160 women without peripartum were enrolled. In the women with PLC with/without menopause study, a study cohort of 10752 menopausal females with PLC and a comparison cohort of 2688 women without menopause were enrolled. RESULTS Patients with peripartum PLC had a non-significant risk of death compared with the non-peripartum cohort [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 1.40, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.89-2.20, P = 0.149]. The survival rate at different follow-up durations between peripartum PLC patients and those in the non-peripartum cohort showed a non-significant difference. Patients who were diagnosed with PLC younger than 50 years old (without menopause) had a significant lower risk of death compared with patients diagnosed with PLC at or older than 50 years (postmenopausal) (aHR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.61-0.68, P < 0.001). The survival rate of women < 50 years with PLC was significantly higher than older women with PLC when followed for 0.5 (72.44% vs 64.16%), 1 (60.57% vs 51.66%), 3 (42.92% vs 31.28%), and 5 year(s) (37.02% vs 21.83%), respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Peripartum females with PLC have no difference in survival rates compared with those patients without peripartum. Menopausal females with PLC have worse survival rates compared with those patients without menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Woei Tseng
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lai
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Disease Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chuang
- Center for Digestive Disease Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pang Su
- Center for Digestive Disease Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ta Kao
- Center for Digestive Disease Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Center for Digestive Disease Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Inflammation is an integral part of defense against most infectious diseases. These pathogen-induced immune responses are in very many instances strongly influenced by host’s sex. As a consequence, sexual dimorphisms were observed in susceptibility to many infectious diseases. They are pathogen dose-dependent, and their outcomes depend on pathogen and even on its species or subspecies. Sex may differentially affect pathology of various organs and its influence is modified by interaction of host’s hormonal status and genotype: sex chromosomes X and Y, as well as autosomal genes. In this Mini Review we summarize the major influences of sex in human infections and subsequently focus on 22 autosomal genes/loci that modify in a sex-dependent way the response to infectious diseases in mouse models. These genes have been observed to influence susceptibility to viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and worms. Some sex-dependent genes/loci affect susceptibility only in females or only in males, affect both sexes, but have stronger effect in one sex; still other genes were shown to affect the disease in both sexes, but with opposite direction of effect in females and males. The understanding of mechanisms of sex-dependent differences in the course of infectious diseases may be relevant for their personalized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Migliore L, Nicolì V, Stoccoro A. Gender Specific Differences in Disease Susceptibility: The Role of Epigenetics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:652. [PMID: 34200989 PMCID: PMC8228628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many complex traits or diseases, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancer, xenobiotics exposure, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the outcome of vaccination, show a differential susceptibility between males and females. In general, the female immune system responds more efficiently to pathogens. However, this can lead to over-reactive immune responses, which may explain the higher presence of autoimmune diseases in women, but also potentially the more adverse effects of vaccination in females compared with in males. Many clinical and epidemiological studies reported, for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a gender-biased differential response; however, the majority of reports dealt with a comparable morbidity, with males, however, showing higher COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Although gender differences in immune responses have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormone effects, some other mechanisms have been invoked: cellular mosaicism, skewed X chromosome inactivation, genes escaping X chromosome inactivation, and miRNAs encoded on the X chromosome. The hormonal hypothesis as well as other mechanisms will be examined and discussed in the light of the most recent epigenetic findings in the field, as the concept that epigenetics is the unifying mechanism in explaining gender-specific differences is increasingly emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (A.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.N.); (A.S.)
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12
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Oh S, Kwon HJ, Jung J. Estrogen exposure causes the progressive growth of SK-Hep1-derived tumor in ovariectomized mice. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:1-7. [PMID: 35070935 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, one of the leading death causes, has different incidence and mortality rates in men and women. The influencing factor is considered to estrogen. However, the role of estrogen in liver cancer remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of estrogen on tumor progression. Total RNA sequencing was analyzed in SK-Hep1-derived tumor tissues, and 15 genes were expressed only in female mice. Among the differentially expressed genes, matrix metalloprotease 7 (MMP7), germ cell associated 1 (GSG1), and chromosome 6 open reading frame 15 (C6orf15) were associated with significantly different overall survival rates based on their expression level in liver cancer patients. Interestingly, exogenous estrogen aggravated SK-Hep1-derived tumor growth in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. When OVX mice were treated with exogenous estrogen, SK-Hep1-derived tumor tissues exhibited high MMP7 expression levels and low GSG1 and C6orf15 expression levels. These expression patterns were consistent with those of liver cancer patients with low overall survival rates. These results suggest that these genes are expected to be prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that continuous estrogen exposure may promote tumor growth in OVX mice.
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13
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Sun RF, Zhao CY, Chen S, Yu W, Zhou MM, Gao CR. Androgen Receptor Stimulates Hexokinase 2 and Induces Glycolysis by PKA/CREB Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:802-13. [PMID: 32274668 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) escapes growth inhibition by upregulating hexokinase 2 (HK2); however, the mechanism by which tumor cells upregulate HK2 remains unclear. AIM We aimed to investigate the role of androgen receptor (AR) signalling in promoting HK2 expression in HCC. METHODS The expressions of AR and HK2 in HCC tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was determined using the CCK-8 assay, and the molecular mechanism of AR in the regulation of HK2 was evaluated by immunoblotting and luciferase assays. RESULTS AR expression is positively correlated with HK2 staining by an immunohistochemical analysis. The manipulation of AR expression changed HK2 expression and glycolysis. AR signaling promoted the growth of HCC by enhancing HK2-mediated glycolysis. Moreover, AR stimulated HK2 levels and glycolysis by potentiating protein kinase A/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB) protein signaling. CREB silencing decreased HK2 expression and inhibited AR-mediated HCC glycolysis. AR affected the sensitivity of HCC cells to glycolysis inhibitors by regulating downstream phosphorylated (p)-CREB. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AR at least partially induced glycolysis via p-CREB regulation of HK2 in HCC cells. Thus, this pathway should be considered for the design of novel therapeutic methods to target AR-overexpressing HCC.
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14
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Myers S, Neyroud-Caspar I, Spahr L, Gkouvatsos K, Fournier E, Giostra E, Magini G, Frossard JL, Bascaron ME, Vernaz N, Zampaglione L, Negro F, Goossens N. NAFLD and MAFLD as emerging causes of HCC: A populational study. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100231. [PMID: 33748726 PMCID: PMC7957147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims There are conflicting data regarding the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in the context of non-alcoholic and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD and MAFLD). We aimed to examine the changing contribution of NAFLD and MAFLD, stratified by sex, in a well-defined geographical area and highly characterised HCC population between 1990 and 2014. Methods We identified all patients with HCC resident in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, diagnosed between 1990 and 2014 from the prospective Geneva Cancer Registry and assessed aetiology-specific age-standardised incidence. NAFLD-HCC was diagnosed when other causes of liver disease were excluded in cases with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or obesity. Criteria for MAFLD included one or more of the following criteria: overweight/obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Results A total of 76/920 (8.3%) of patients were diagnosed with NAFLD-HCC in the canton of Geneva between 1990 and 2014. Between the time periods 1990–1994 and 2010–2014, there was a significant increase in HCC incidence in women (standardised incidence ratio [SIR] 1.83, 95% CI 1.08–3.13, p = 0.026) but not in men (SIR 1.10, 95% CI 0.85–1.43, p = 0.468). In the same timeframe, the proportion of NAFLD-HCC increased more in women (0–29%, p = 0.037) than in men (2–12%, p = 0.010) while the proportion of MAFLD increased from 21% to 68% in both sexes and from 7% to 67% in women (p <0.001). From 2000–2004 to 2010–2014, the SIR of NAFLD-HCC increased to 1.92 (95% CI 0.77–5.08) for men and 12.7 (95% CI 1.63–545) in women, whereas it decreased or remained stable for other major aetiologies of HCC. Conclusions In a populational cohort spanning 25 years, the burden of NAFLD and MAFLD associated HCCs increased significantly, driving an increase in HCC incidence, particularly in women. Lay summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, increasingly arising in patients with liver disease caused by metabolic syndrome, termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We assessed all patients with HCC between 1990 and 2014 in the canton of Geneva (western Switzerland) and found an increase in all HCC cases in this timeframe, particularly in women. In addition, we found that HCC caused by NAFLD or MAFLD significantly increased over the years, particularly in women, possibly driving the increase in overall HCC cases. The burden of HCC arising in the context of non-alcoholic and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD and MAFLD) remains unclear. We assessed all HCC cases between 1990 and 2014 in an area of western Switzerland. We found a significant increase in overall HCC incidence in women but not in men. The proportion of NAFLD- and MAFLD-HCC increased in both sexes, particularly in women. Liver function of MAFLD patients was intermediate between ‘pure’ NAFLD and non-MAFLD individuals.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-foetoprotein
- ALD, alcohol-related liver disease
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ASI, age-standardised incidence
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Fatty liver
- GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HR, hazard ratio
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- INR, international normalised ratio
- Liver cancer
- MAFLD, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- SIR, standardised incidence ratio
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolisation
- Women’s health
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Myers
- Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Spahr
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Evelyne Fournier
- Geneva Cancer Registry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Giostra
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Magini
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Transplantation, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Frossard
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Eve Bascaron
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vernaz
- Medical Directorate, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Zampaglione
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 22 372 9350; fax: +41 22 372 9021.
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15
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Bairey Merz N, Barnes PJ, Brinton RD, Carrero JJ, DeMeo DL, De Vries GJ, Epperson CN, Govindan R, Klein SL, Lonardo A, Maki PM, McCullough LD, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Regensteiner JG, Rubin JB, Sandberg K, Suzuki A. Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Lancet 2020; 396:565-582. [PMID: 32828189 PMCID: PMC7440877 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Diabetes Discovery & Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, John W Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geert J De Vries
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Abstract
Sex-based differences in human disease are caused in part by the levels of endogenous sex steroid hormones which regulate mitochondrial metabolism. This review updates a previous review on how estrogens regulate metabolism and mitochondrial function that was published in 2017. Estrogens are produced by ovaries and adrenals, and in lesser amounts by adipose, breast stromal, and brain tissues. At the cellular level, the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate diverse cellular functions including reproduction and behavior is by binding to estrogen receptors α, β (ERα and ERβ) and G-protein coupled ER (GPER1). ERα and ERβ are transcription factors that bind genomic and mitochondrial DNA to regulate gene transcription. A small proportion of ERα and ERβ interact with plasma membrane-associated signaling proteins to activate intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately alter transcriptional responses, including mitochondrial morphology and function. Although the mechanisms and targets by which estrogens act directly and indirectly to regulate mitochondrial function are not fully elucidated, it is clear that estradiol regulates mitochondrial metabolism and morphology via nuclear and mitochondrial-mediated events, including stimulation of nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) transcription that will be reviewed here. NRF-1 is a transcription factor that interacts with coactivators including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) to regulate nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. One NRF-1 target is TFAM that binds mtDNA to regulate its transcription. Nuclear-encoded miRNA and lncRNA regulate mtDNA-encoded and nuclear-encoded transcripts that regulate mitochondrial function, thus acting as anterograde signals. Other estrogen-regulated mitochondrial activities including bioenergetics, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and extracellular acidification (ECAR), are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, 40292, KY, USA.
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17
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Huang H, Zhou Z, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Liu C, Han C, Wang Q, Pu C, Zou W. Down-regulation of ER-α36 mRNA in serum exosomes of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:346-352. [PMID: 32508028 PMCID: PMC7240843 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Changxin Han
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chunwen Pu
- Department of BiobankThe Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalianChina
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18
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Zhuang C, Wang P, Sun T, Zheng L, Ming L. Expression levels and prognostic values of annexins in liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6657-6669. [PMID: 31807177 PMCID: PMC6876331 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a superfamily of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins that are implicated in a wide range of biological processes. The annexin superfamily comprises 13 members in humans (ANXAs), the majority of which are frequently dysregulated in cancer. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of ANXAs in liver cancer are currently largely unknown. The present study aimed to analyze the expression levels of ANXAs and survival data in patients with liver cancer from the Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter and cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics databases. The results demonstrated that ANXA1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 were upregulated, whereas ANXA10 was downregulated in liver cancer compared with normal liver tissues. The expression of ANXA10 was associated with pathological stage. High expression levels of ANXA2 and A5 were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) rate whereas ANXA7 and A10 were associated with increased OS. The prognostic values of ANXAs in liver cancer were determined based on sex and clinical stage, which revealed that ANXA2, A5, A7 and A10 were associated with OS in male, but not in female patients. In addition, the potential biological functions of ANXAs were identified by Gene Ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes pathway analysis; the results demonstrated that ANXAs may serve a role in liver cancer through the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that ANXA1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A10 may be potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer treatment, and that ANXA2, A5, A7 and A10 may be potential prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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19
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Macek Jilkova Z, Aspord C, Decaens T. Predictive Factors for Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibition in the Field of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101554. [PMID: 31615069 PMCID: PMC6826488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints are fast-developing therapeutic approaches adopted for several tumor types that trigger unprecedented rates of durable clinical responses. Immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), expressed primarily by T cells, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed mainly by tumor cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are molecules that impede immune function, thereby allowing tumor cells to proliferate, grow and spread. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a promising treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only a minority of HCC patients benefit from this therapy. To find a niche for immune checkpoint inhibition in HCC patients, future strategies might require predictive factor-based patient selection, to identify patients who are likely to respond to the said therapy and combination strategies in order to enhance anti-tumor efficacy and clinical success. This review provides an overview of the most recent data pertaining to predictive factors for response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition in the field of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France.
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France.
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, 38701 Grenoble, France.
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France.
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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20
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Soria-Jasso LE, Cariño-Cortés R, Muñoz-Pérez VM, Pérez-Hernández E, Pérez-Hernández N, Fernández-Martínez E. Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4694. [PMID: 31546715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.
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