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Cheptoo Rono P, Munyao Mutie F, Kathambi V, Wei N, Muema Watuma B, Nanjala C, Wagutu GK, Kirika PM, Malombe I, Hu GW, Wang QF. An annotated plant checklist of the transboundary volcanic Mt Elgon, East Africa. PhytoKeys 2023; 223:1-174. [PMID: 37252062 PMCID: PMC10209612 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.223.97401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mt Elgon is an ancient transboundary volcanic mountain found at the Kenya-Uganda boarder possessing high plant diversity. This study documents an updated checklist of the mountain's vascular plants obtained through random-walk field excursions and retrieval of herbarium specimen tracing back to 1900. We compiled 1709 species from 673 genera in 131 families. One new species of the family Cucurbitaceae was also reported. This checklist records respective habitat, habits, elevation ranges, voucher numbers and global distribution ranges of each species. Native and exotic species were also distinguished, where 8.4% of the total species in 49 families were exotic species. There were 103 endemic species, while 14 species were found to be both rare and endemic. IUCN conservation status revealed 2 Critically Endangered, 4 Endangered, 9 Vulnerable and 2 Near Threatened species. This study presents the first and most comprehensive plant inventory of Mt Elgon that will facilitate further ecological and phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Vivian Kathambi
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, KenyaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Neng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Benjamin Muema Watuma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Godfrey Kinyori Wagutu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, ChineseAcademy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Paul M. Kirika
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, KenyaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Itambo Malombe
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, KenyaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
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Du S, Wang M, Wei N, Mwachala G, Hu G, Wu L, Wang S, Wang Q. Contributions to the Flora of Tropical East Africa. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1336. [PMID: 36987024 PMCID: PMC10056497 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical East Africa (TEA) is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet. Its rich flora diversity and inventory have been clearly recognized after the publication of the last volume of the Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA) in 2012. However, many new and newly recorded taxa have been named and documented since the publication of the first volume of FTEA in 1952. In this study, we comprehensively compiled new taxa and new records by reviewing the literature on the taxonomic contributions of vascular plants in TEA from 1952 to 2022. Our list includes 444 new and newly recorded species belonging to 81 families and 218 genera. Among these taxa, 94.59% of the plants are endemic to TEA and 48.42% are herbs. Additionally, members of Rubiaceae and Aloe are the most numerous family and genus respectively. These new taxa are unevenly distributed in TEA, but are found mainly in areas of high species richness, such as coastal, central and western areas of Kenya, central and southeastern Tanzania. This study offers summative assessment of the newly recorded flora inventory in TEA and provides recommendations for future research on plant diversity survey and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Du
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miaoxuan Wang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Neng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 45166 00100, Kenya
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Mutinda ES, Mkala EM, Nanjala C, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Kimutai F, Tian J, Gichua MK, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Traditional medicinal uses, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and distribution of the Genus Fagaropsis (Rutaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114781. [PMID: 34715298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genus Fagaropsis belonging to the Rutaceae family, is widely distributed in Africa. The various parts of the species in this genus are used in traditional herbal medicine in different parts of the continent for the treatment of malaria, intestinal disorders, cancer, respiratory diseases, and other ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY This study provides a comprehensive and updated review on the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Fagaropsis species and highlights possible research gaps for further research opportunities, which will be important in the development of new therapeutic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data was retrieved using ethnobotanical books, published articles, electronic sources, and scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Plants of the World, The Plant List, Scopus, Wiley, Web of Science, PubMed, Science direct, and Sci-Finder. Various key search words Fagaropsis, pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and ethnobotanical uses were used in the detailed study survey. RESULTS Fagaropsis species are used traditionally to treat a wide range of infections such as respiratory diseases, cancer, malaria, intestinal diseases, and ethnoveterinary. Phytochemical investigations indicated 18 phytoconstituents that have been isolated as the main compounds in this genus; triterpenoids (limonoids, norhopane, and norneohopane derivatives), alkaloids, and essential oils. Few in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities have been analyzed in this genus. They indicated that the extracts and pure compounds contained anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and insecticidal activities. The phytochemical compounds that may be responsible for these activities are flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. CONCLUSION The ethnobotanical values, phytochemistry, and pharmacology discussed in this review paper showed that Fagaropsis species contain different compounds possessing a wide range of biological activities, and they have high medicinal value that is significant in treating different types of diseases. Phytochemical analyses have been performed on two species (F. angolensis and F. glabra) in the literature. More scientific research analyses are still required to explore this genus. In addition, the majority of the currently available bioactivity-related analyses were applied to crude extracts. Thus, further research studies are important to reveal the links between ethnobotanical uses and bioactivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O Box 451660-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Festus Kimutai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mutinda ES, Mkala EM, Nanjala C, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Kimutai F, Tian J, Gichua MK, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Traditional medicinal uses, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and distribution of the Genus Fagaropsis (Rutaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2022; 284:114781. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Watuma BM, Kipkoech S, Melly DK, Ngumbau VM, Rono PC, Mutie FM, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Mwachala G, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Taita Hills, Eastern Arc Mountain. PhytoKeys 2022; 191:1-158. [PMID: 35437383 PMCID: PMC8904431 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.191.73714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Taita Hills forests are an ecological island within the Tsavo plains and are the northern-most part of the Eastern Arc Mountains in southeast Kenya. They are highly fragmented forests embedded in a mosaic of human settlements and farms on the slopes and hilltops. Despite their intensive degradation, they exhibit a high degree of plant diversity and endemism, and therefore are regarded as a biodiversity hotspot. In spite of their distinct importance to the biodiversity of the region as well as supporting the livelihoods of the surrounding communities, floristic studies in these hills have been finite. Through repetitive floral expeditions, herbarium records from the East African Herbarium (EA), Global Biodiversity Information (GBIF), and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigbio) databases, as well as plant lists from literature and monographs, we provide a comprehensive checklist of 1594 taxa representing 159 families, 709 genera, 1530 species, 39 subspecies, 27 varieties, and 2 hybrids. Out of these, 75 are endemic or near-endemic, 59 are exotic, and 83 are listed as either endangered or near endangered as evaluated in the IUCN Redlist. Zehneriatuberifera G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, a new species to science, which has previously been described, was also discovered from the Ngangao forest fragment. Information on the habit(s), habitat(s), and altitudinal range of each taxon is provided in this study. This checklist is an updated inventory of the vascular plants of the Taita Hills. It confirms the high plant diversity of the hills and provides a clear baseline for strategic conservation and sustainable management of plant resources and diversity under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Muema Watuma
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Forestry Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Solomon Kipkoech
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O Box 20412–00200 Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - David Kimutai Melly
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Bomet University College, P.O Box 701-20400. Bomet, KenyaBomet University CollegeBometKenya
| | - Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 - 00100 Nairobi, KenyaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Elijah Mbadi Mkala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - John Mulinge Nzei
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 - 00100 Nairobi, KenyaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Forestry Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
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