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Xu C, Ha X, Yang S, Tian X, Jiang H. Advances in understanding and treating diabetic kidney disease: focus on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232790. [PMID: 37859992 PMCID: PMC10583558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Despite its significant impact, most research has concentrated on the glomerulus, with little attention paid to the tubulointerstitial region, which accounts for the majority of the kidney volume. DKD's tubulointerstitial lesions are characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of kidney function, and recent studies indicate that these lesions may occur earlier than glomerular lesions. Evidence has shown that inflammatory mechanisms in the tubulointerstitium play a critical role in the development and progression of these lesions. Apart from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade, Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors and new types of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have emerged as effective ways to treat DKD. Moreover, researchers have proposed potential targeted therapies, such as inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating T cells and macrophages, among others. These therapies have demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials, suggesting their potential to treat DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions effectively. Understanding the immune-inflammatory mechanisms underlying DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions and developing targeted therapies could significantly improve the treatment and management of DKD. This review summarizes the latest advances in this field, highlighting the importance of focusing on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms to improve DKD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengren Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaowen Ha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hong Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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2
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Luo P, Ji Y, Liu X, Zhang W, Cheng R, Zhang S, Qian X, Huang C. Affected inflammation-related signaling pathways in snake envenomation: A recent insight. Toxicon 2023; 234:107288. [PMID: 37703930 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Snake envenomation is well known to cause grievous pathological signs, including haemorrhagic discharge, necrosis, and respiratory distress. However, inflammatory reactions are also common envenoming manifestations that lead to successive damage, such as oedema, ulceration, lymphadenectasis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Interference with the inflammatory burst is hence important in the clinical treatment of snake envenomation. Here, we summarize the typical snake toxins (or venoms) that cause inflammatory reactions and the underlying signaling pathways. In brief, inflammatory reactions are usually triggered by snake venom phospholipase A2 (svPLA2), snake venom metalloprotease (SVMP), snake venom serine protease (SVSP) and C-type lectin/snaclec (CTL) as well as disintegrin (DIS) via multiple signaling pathways. They are nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/PKB also called PI3K-AKT) signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, especially interleukin-1β (IL-1β) which causes further inflammatory cascades and manifestations, such as swelling, fever, pain, and severe complications. Remarkably, almost half of introduced snake toxins (or venoms) have anti-inflammatory effects through blocking these pathways and suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Investigation of affected inflammation-related signaling pathways is meaningful to achieve better clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Luo
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Ji
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
| | - Ruoxi Cheng
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
| | - Xiao Qian
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
| | - Chunhong Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, PR China.
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Fay LY, Kuo CH, Chang HK, Yeh MY, Chang CC, Ko CC, Tu TH, Kuo YH, Hsu WY, Hung CH, Chen CJ, Wu JC, Tsai MJ, Huang WC, Cheng H, Lee MJ. Comparative Study of the Cytokine Profiles of Serum and Tissues from Patients with the Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2021. [PMID: 37509659 PMCID: PMC10377187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is one of the contributing factors leading to severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The mechanism causing ossification is still unclear. The current study was designed to analyze the specimens of patients with or without OPLL. METHODS The study collected 51 patients with cervical spondylosis. There were six serum samples in both the non-OPLL (NOPLL) and OPLL groups. For tissue analysis, there were seven samples in the NOPLL group and five samples in the OPLL group. The specimens of serum and tissue were analyzed by using Human Cytokine Antibody Arrays to differentiate biomarkers between the OPLL and NOPLL groups, as well as between serum and OPLL tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of the ligament tissue was undertaken for both groups. RESULTS For OPLL vs. NOPLL, the serum leptin levels are higher in the OPLL group, corroborating others' observations that it may serve as a disease marker. In the tissue, angiogenin (ANG), osteopontin (OPN), and osteopro-tegerin (OPG) are higher than they are in the OPLL group (p < 0.05). For serum vs. OPLL tissue, many chemotactic cytokines demonstrated elevated levels of MIP1 delta, MCP-1, and RANTES in the serum, while many cytokines promoting or regulating bone genesis were up-regulated in tissue (oncostatin M, FGF-9, LIF, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, TGF-beta2), as well as the factor that inhibits osteoclastogenesis (IL-10), with very few cytokines responsible for osteoclastogenesis. Molecules promoting angiogenesis, including angiotensin, vEGF, and osteoprotegerin, are abundant in the OPLL tissue, which paves the way for robust bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Fay
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Kan Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Yeh
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Ko
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsi Tu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Kuo
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Yu Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ching Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Taichung 413310, Taiwan
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Leung LL, Myles T, Morser J. Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin and the Host Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3480. [PMID: 37444590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional protein that is involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. There is a single conserved thrombin cleavage site in OPN that, when cleaved, yields two fragments with different properties from full-length OPN. In cancer, OPN has tumor-promoting activity and plays a role in tumor growth and metastasis. High levels of OPN expression in cancer cells and tumor tissue are found in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, and are associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. OPN promotes tumor progression and invasion by stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis and also facilitates the metastasis of cancer cells to other parts of the body by promoting cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, OPN contributes to immune evasion by inhibiting the activity of immune cells. Thrombin cleavage of OPN initiates OPN's tumor-promoting activity, and thrombin cleavage fragments of OPN down-regulate the host immune anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Leung
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Timothy Myles
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - John Morser
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Yan Q, Zhao Z, Liu D, Li J, Pan S, Duan J, Dong J, Liu Z. Integrated analysis of potential gene crosstalk between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032814. [PMID: 36387855 PMCID: PMC9642911 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This bioinformatics study aimed to explore optimal crosstalk genes and related pathways between NAFLD and DN. METHODS Gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to analyze the similarity of infiltrating immunocytes between the two diseases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) co-expression network and functional enrichment analysis were conducted based on the identification of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Boruta algorithm were implemented to initially screen crosstalk genes. Machine learning models, including support vector machine, random forest model, and generalized linear model, were utilized to further identify the optimal crosstalk genes between DN and NAFLD. An integrated network containing crosstalk genes, transcription factors, and associated pathways was developed. RESULTS Four gene expression datasets, including GSE66676 and GSE48452 for NAFLD and GSE30122 and GSE1009 for DN, were involved in this study. There were 80 common DEGs between the two diseases in total. The PPI network built with the 80 common genes included 77 nodes and 83 edges. Ten optimal crosstalk genes were selected by LASSO regression and Boruta algorithm, including CD36, WIPI1, CBX7, FCN1, SLC35D2, CP, ZDHHC3, PTPN3, LPL, and SPP1. Among these genes, LPL and SPP1 were the most significant according to NAFLD-transcription factor network. Five hundred twenty-nine nodes and 1,113 edges comprised the PPI network of activated pathway-gene. In addition, 14 common pathways of these two diseases were recognized using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis; among them, regulation of the lipid metabolic process is closely related to both two diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study offers hints that NAFLD and DN have a common pathogenesis, and LPL and SPP1 are the most relevant crosstalk genes. Based on the common pathways and optimal crosstalk genes, our proposal carried out further research to disclose the etiology and pathology between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Duan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayu Duan, ; Jiancheng Dong, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
| | - Jiancheng Dong
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayu Duan, ; Jiancheng Dong, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayu Duan, ; Jiancheng Dong, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
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Hansakon A, Png CW, Zhang Y, Angkasekwinai P. Macrophage-Derived Osteopontin Influences the Amplification of Cryptococcus neoformans-Promoting Type 2 Immune Response. J Immunol 2021; 207:2107-2117. [PMID: 34526375 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional glycoprotein, osteopontin (OPN), can modulate the function of macrophages, resulting in either protective or deleterious effects in various inflammatory diseases and infection in the lungs. Although macrophages play the critical roles in mediating host defenses against cryptococcosis or cryptococcal pathogenesis, the involvement of macrophage-derived OPN in pulmonary infection caused by fungus Cryptococcus has not been elucidated. Thus, our current study aimed to investigate the contribution of OPN to the regulation of host immune response and macrophage function using a mouse model of pulmonary cryptococcosis. We found that OPN was predominantly expressed in alveolar macrophages during C. neoformans infection. Systemic treatment of OPN during C. neoformans infection resulted in an enhanced pulmonary fungal load and an early onset of type 2 inflammation within the lung, as indicated by the increase of pulmonary eosinophil infiltration, type 2 cytokine production, and M2-associated gene expression. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated OPN knockout murine macrophages had enhanced ability to clear the intracellular fungus and altered macrophage phenotype from pathogenic M2 to protective M1. Altogether, our data suggested that macrophage-derived OPN contributes to the elaboration of C. neoformans-induced type 2 immune responses and polarization of M2s that promote fungal survival and proliferation within macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithap Hansakon
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; .,Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Conway BR, O'Sullivan ED, Cairns C, O'Sullivan J, Simpson DJ, Salzano A, Connor K, Ding P, Humphries D, Stewart K, Teenan O, Pius R, Henderson NC, Bénézech C, Ramachandran P, Ferenbach D, Hughes J, Chandra T, Denby L. Kidney Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Myeloid Heterogeneity in Progression and Regression of Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2833-2854. [PMID: 32978267 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the roles of myeloid cell subsets in kidney injury and in the limited ability of the organ to repair itself. Characterizing these cells based only on surface markers using flow cytometry might not provide a full phenotypic picture. Defining these cells at the single-cell, transcriptomic level could reveal myeloid heterogeneity in the progression and regression of kidney disease. METHODS Integrated droplet- and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing were used in the murine, reversible, unilateral ureteric obstruction model to dissect the transcriptomic landscape at the single-cell level during renal injury and the resolution of fibrosis. Paired blood exchange tracked the fate of monocytes recruited to the injured kidney. RESULTS A single-cell atlas of the kidney generated using transcriptomics revealed marked changes in the proportion and gene expression of renal cell types during injury and repair. Conventional flow cytometry markers would not have identified the 12 myeloid cell subsets. Monocytes recruited to the kidney early after injury rapidly adopt a proinflammatory, profibrotic phenotype that expresses Arg1, before transitioning to become Ccr2 + macrophages that accumulate in late injury. Conversely, a novel Mmp12 + macrophage subset acts during repair. CONCLUSIONS Complementary technologies identified novel myeloid subtypes, based on transcriptomics in single cells, that represent therapeutic targets to inhibit progression or promote regression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Salzano
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Connor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Ding
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Humphries
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Riinu Pius
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Ferenbach
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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8
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Mostafa DG, Satti HH, Khaleel EF, Badi RM. A high-fat diet rich in corn oil exaggerates the infarct size and memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia and is associated with suppressing osteopontin and Akt, and activating GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:393-406. [PMID: 32488539 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The increase in osteopontin (OPN) levels after stroke induces neural protection by activating Akt signaling and inhibiting GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. This study investigated the effect of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on infarct size and memory function in rats after induction of cerebral ischemia in rats and investigated its effect on the expression of OPN/Akt/iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathways. Rats were initially fed a standard diet (STD, 3.82 kcal/g; 9.4%, from fat) or a CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% from fat) for 12 weeks. Then, both groups were further subdivided into either sham group or group exposed to cerebral ischemia by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) protocol. Compared with sham-operated rats fed STD diet, neurological scores and both short- and long-term memory functions were significantly impaired in sham-operated CO-HFD-fed rats. In addition, brains collected from CO-HFD-fed rats showed lower protein levels of OPN, p-Akt (Thr308), p-GS3Kβ (Ser9), and Bcl-2 and had higher protein levels of iNOS, cleaved caspase-3, nuclear NF-κB p65, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C. However, once exposed to MCAO surgery, similar but more profound alterations of all these biochemical parameters with more severe impairment in short- and long-term memory functions and larger infarct size were noticed in the brains of CO-HFD-fed rats as compared with STD-fed rats exposed to MCAO. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD induces memory impairments and worsens memory function recovery and infarct size after cerebral ischemia in rats by reducing levels of OPN, inhibiting the activation of Akt and activating iNOS and NF-κB.
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9
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Lee HO, Hong Y, Etlioglu HE, Cho YB, Pomella V, Van den Bosch B, Vanhecke J, Verbandt S, Hong H, Min JW, Kim N, Eum HH, Qian J, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Tsantoulis P, De Hertogh G, Chung W, Lee T, An M, Shin HT, Joung JG, Jung MH, Ko G, Wirapati P, Kim SH, Kim HC, Yun SH, Tan IBH, Ranjan B, Lee WY, Kim TY, Choi JK, Kim YJ, Prabhakar S, Tejpar S, Park WY. Lineage-dependent gene expression programs influence the immune landscape of colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2020; 52:594-603. [PMID: 32451460 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer is effective only for mismatch repair-deficient tumors with high microsatellite instability that demonstrate immune infiltration, suggesting that tumor cells can determine their immune microenvironment. To understand this cross-talk, we analyzed the transcriptome of 91,103 unsorted single cells from 23 Korean and 6 Belgian patients. Cancer cells displayed transcriptional features reminiscent of normal differentiation programs, and genetic alterations that apparently fostered immunosuppressive microenvironments directed by regulatory T cells, myofibroblasts and myeloid cells. Intercellular network reconstruction supported the association between cancer cell signatures and specific stromal or immune cell populations. Our collective view of the cellular landscape and intercellular interactions in colorectal cancer provide mechanistic information for the design of efficient immuno-oncology treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ock Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakki Emre Etlioglu
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Valentina Pomella
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Van den Bosch
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Vanhecke
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Verbandt
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hyekyung Hong
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Min
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Eum
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Junbin Qian
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Centre d'Oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service d'Oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Woosung Chung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeseob Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minae An
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Shin
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hyeok Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gunhwan Ko
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Seok Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yun
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iain Bee Huat Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bobby Ranjan
- Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Context: Osteopontin (OPN) is a matrix phosphoprotein expressed by a variety of tissues and cells, including the immune system and the nervous system. Previous studies have shown that OPN may have a role in neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Objectives: The present study aimed to systematically review studies investigating the role of OPN in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients or the disease animal model. Evidence Acquisition: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to find relevant articles published up to January 20, 2019. Both human and animal model studies of ALS were considered. Results: A total of nine articles (four human studies and five animal model studies) were included. Two of the human studies reported that the CSF levels of OPN were higher among ALS patients compared to controls. The other two human studies found that OPN levels in cortical neurons did not differ significantly between ALS cases and the non-neurological control group. One of the studies found that the expression level of OPN in astrocytes was similar between ALS patients and the control group, but the level of microglial OPN significantly increased in ALS cases. Four of the animal model studies reported that the expression of OPN mRNA in spinal cord microglia significantly increased during the disease progression. The remaining animal model study found that OPN was selectively expressed by fast fatigue-resistant and slow motor neurons (MNs), which are resistant to ALS, and that the OPN expression was low among fast-fatigable MNs. Conclusions: Prompt microglial activation is a hallmark pathology of ALS, and OPN is among the most widely expressed proteins by these activated glial cells. Therefore, OPN might have a role in ALS pathogenesis. The existing evidence is not sufficient to justify whether OPN has a neurotoxic or neuroprotective role in ALS. We encourage researchers to investigate the role of OPN in ALS pathogenesis more extensively.
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11
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Brioschi S, Zhou Y, Colonna M. Brain Parenchymal and Extraparenchymal Macrophages in Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. J Immunol 2020; 204:294-305. [PMID: 31907272 PMCID: PMC7034672 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are parenchymal macrophages of the CNS; as professional phagocytes they are important for maintenance of the brain's physiology. These cells are generated through primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac and migrate into the brain rudiment after establishment of embryonic circulation. Thereafter, microglia develop in a stepwise fashion, reaching complete maturity after birth. In the CNS, microglia self-renew without input from blood monocytes. Recent RNA-sequencing studies have defined a molecular signature for microglia under homeostasis. However, during disease, microglia undergo remarkable phenotypic changes, which reflect the acquisition of specialized functions tailored to the pathological context. In addition to microglia, the brain-border regions host populations of extraparenchymal macrophages with disparate origins and phenotypes that have recently been delineated. In this review we outline recent findings that provide a deeper understanding of both parenchymal microglia and extraparenchymal brain macrophages in homeostasis and during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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12
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Wimborne HJ, Takemoto K, Woster PM, Rockey DC, Lemasters JJ, Zhong Z. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activation by Alda-1 decreases necrosis and fibrosis after bile duct ligation in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:136-145. [PMID: 31557514 PMCID: PMC6880805 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Liver fibrosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress is a key component in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. We investigated the role of aldehyde formation resulting from lipid peroxidation in cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis. METHODS C57Bl/6J mice underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham operation. One hour after surgery and daily thereafter, animals were given Alda-1 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), an aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activator, or equivalent volume of vehicle. Blood and livers were collected after 3 and 14 days. RESULTS Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased from 39.8 U/L after sham operation to 537 U/L 3 days after BDL, which Alda-1 decreased to 281 U/L. Biliary infarcts with a periportal distribution developed with an area of 7.8% at 14 days after BDL versus 0% area after sham operation. Alda-1 treatment with BDL decreased biliary infarcts to 1.9%. Fibrosis detected by picrosirius red staining increased from 1.6% area in sham to 7.3% after BDL, which decreased to 3.8% with Alda-1. Alda-1 suppression of fibrosis was additionally confirmed by second harmonic generation microscopy. After BDL, collagen-I mRNA increased 12-fold compared to sham, which decreased to 6-fold after Alda-1 treatment. Smooth muscle α-actin expression in the liver, a marker of activated stellate cells, increased from 1% area in sham to 18.7% after BDL, which decreased to 5.3% with Alda-1. CD68-positive macrophages increased from 33.4 cells/field in sham to 134.5 cells/field after BDL, which decreased to 64.9 cells/field with Alda-1. Lastly, 4-hydroxynonenal adduct (4-HNE) immunofluorescence increased from 2.5% area in sham to 14.1% after BDL. Alda-1 treatment decreased 4-HNE to 2.2%. CONCLUSION Accelerated aldehyde degradation by Alda-1 decreases BDL-induced liver necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, implying that aldehydes play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hereward J Wimborne
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Kenji Takemoto
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Don C Rockey
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
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13
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Kim Y, Hwang SD, Lim JH, Kim MY, Kim EN, Choi BS, Kim YS, Kim HW, Park CW. Attenuated Lymphatic Proliferation Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy and High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Lipotoxicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1994. [PMID: 30760777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis occurs in response to renal injury and is correlated with interstitial fibrosis. Diabetes- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced intrarenal lipotoxicity and their relationships with lymphangiogenesis are not established. We used PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, to unravel the linkage between lipotoxicity and lymphangiogenesis. Eight-week-old male C57BLKS/J db/db mice and HFD Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed fenofibrate for 12 weeks. HK-2 and RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate their lymphangiogenic capacity in relation to lipotoxicity. Fenofibrate improved intrarenal lipotoxicity by increasing expression of PPARα and phosphorylation of AMPK. Lymphatic proliferation was attenuated; expression of lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), podoplanin, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) was decreased. In parallel, extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced. In HK2 cells, palmitate- and high glucose-induced over expression of lymphatic makers was diminished by fenofibrate via activation of PPARα-AMPK-pACC signaling. Enhanced expression of M1 phenotype in RAW264.7 cells correlated with increased lymphatic growth. A causal relationship between lipotoxicity and lymphatic proliferation with a cellular link to macrophage activation can be speculated; pro-inflammatory M1 type macrophage is involved in the development of lymphangiogenesis through stimulation of VEGF-C and by its transdifferentiation into lymphatic endothelial cells.
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14
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Giraud E, Rouault E, Fiette L, Colle JH, Smirlis D, Melanitou E. Osteopontin in the host response to Leishmania amazonensis. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30736736 PMCID: PMC6368773 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania (L.) spp are intracellular eukaryotic parasites responsible for cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis, replicating predominantly in macrophages (MF). In C57BL/6 mice virulence with L. amazonensis has been associated with inhibition of Th1 immune responses and an uncontrolled lesion development, whereas DBA/2 mice control any lesion. Parasitic clearance by the MFs requires the activation of proper immune responses. One of the immune related genes expressed in immune cells including MF, codes for osteopontin (OPN). OPN is a secreted glycoprotein, acting as an immune regulator. Its implication in promoting Th1 immunity in response to infectious microorganisms and its known protective effect against viral and bacterial infections via activation of the immune response, render OPN a molecule of interest in the study of the host response to L. amazonensis. RESULTS We examined the host response to L. amazonensis of opn mutant and wild type C57BL/6 mice. Bone marrow derived MFs were infected with the parasites in vitro, and opn mutant and wild type mice were inoculated in vivo by intradermal injection in the ears. The DBA/2 strain known to control L. amazonensis infection was also used for comparison. Our data indicate that the parasites increased opn gene expression and OPN protein while parasitic proliferation was contained in the presence of OPN. In the presence of parasites the expression of inflammation-related transcripts was inhibited. Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), and transcripts of the NLR-family (NLRC4, NLRP3) were down regulated after L. amazonensis infection. In the absence of OPN, the inhibition by the parasites of IL-1β transcripts was less efficient and a pyroptosis-like cell phenotype was detected in vitro, suggesting a central role of OPN in the host-response to L. amazonensis. Similarly, in vivo, in the absence of OPN, while the clinical inflammatory phenotype is more severe, an increase of these transcripts was observed. CONCLUSIONS L. amazonensis infection induces opn gene expression and protein, which in turn participates in shaping the host response to the parasites, seemingly by decreasing the activation of inflammation. OPN, further evaluated as a target for Leishmaniasis control represents an additional interest in improving vaccination strategies against the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Giraud
- Immunophysiology and Parasitism Laboratory and Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.,Present address: Insect-Virus Interactions Laboratory / CNRS UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Eline Rouault
- Immunophysiology and Parasitism Laboratory and Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.,Present address : GENOSAFE Laboratories, 1 rue de l'Internationale, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Laurence Fiette
- Human Histopathology and animal models Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.,Present address: Institut Mutualiste Montsouris Research, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Hervé Colle
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Biomolecules unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Despoina Smirlis
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Bas. Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Evie Melanitou
- Immunophysiology and Parasitism Laboratory and Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
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15
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Kobori T, Hamasaki S, Kitaura A, Yamazaki Y, Nishinaka T, Niwa A, Nakao S, Wake H, Mori S, Yoshino T, Nishibori M, Takahashi H. Interleukin-18 Amplifies Macrophage Polarization and Morphological Alteration, Leading to Excessive Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:334. [PMID: 29559970 PMCID: PMC5845536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
M2 macrophage (Mφ) promotes pathologic angiogenesis through a release of pro-angiogenic mediators or the direct cell–cell interaction with endothelium in the micromilieu of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, where interleukin (IL)-18 also contributes to excessive angiogenesis. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which M2 Mφs in the micromilieu containing IL-18 induce excessive angiogenesis in the in vitro experimental model using mouse Mφ-like cell line, RAW264.7 cells, and mouse endothelial cell line, b.End5 cells. We discovered that IL-18 acts synergistically with IL-10 to amplify the production of Mφ-derived mediators like osteopontin (OPN) and thrombin, yielding thrombin-cleaved form of OPN generation, which acts through integrins α4/α9, thereby augmenting M2 polarization of Mφ with characteristics of increasing surface CD163 expression in association with morphological alteration. Furthermore, the results of visualizing temporal behavior and morphological alteration of Mφs during angiogenesis demonstrated that M2-like Mφs induced excessive angiogenesis through the direct cell–cell interaction with endothelial cells, possibly mediated by CD163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hamasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yui Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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16
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Roberts DD, Kaur S, Isenberg JS. Regulation of Cellular Redox Signaling by Matricellular Proteins in Vascular Biology, Immunology, and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:874-911. [PMID: 28712304 PMCID: PMC5653149 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to structural elements of the extracellular matrix, matricellular proteins appear transiently during development and injury responses, but their sustained expression can contribute to chronic disease. Through interactions with other matrix components and specific cell surface receptors, matricellular proteins regulate multiple signaling pathways, including those mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and H2S. Dysregulation of matricellular proteins contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and cancer. Defining the molecular mechanisms and receptors involved is revealing new therapeutic opportunities. Recent Advances: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) regulates NO, H2S, and superoxide production and signaling in several cell types. The TSP1 receptor CD47 plays a central role in inhibition of NO signaling, but other TSP1 receptors also modulate redox signaling. The matricellular protein CCN1 engages some of the same receptors to regulate redox signaling, and ADAMTS1 regulates NO signaling in Marfan syndrome. In addition to mediating matricellular protein signaling, redox signaling is emerging as an important pathway that controls the expression of several matricellular proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES Redox signaling remains unexplored for many matricellular proteins. Their interactions with multiple cellular receptors remains an obstacle to defining signaling mechanisms, but improved transgenic models could overcome this barrier. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therapeutics targeting the TSP1 receptor CD47 may have beneficial effects for treating cardiovascular disease and cancer and have recently entered clinical trials. Biomarkers are needed to assess their effects on redox signaling in patients and to evaluate how these contribute to their therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 874-911.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Yu H, Liu X, Zhong Y. The Effect of Osteopontin on Microglia. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:1879437. [PMID: 28698867 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1879437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory cytokine that can be secreted from many cells, including activated macrophages and T-lymphocytes, and is widely distributed in many tissues and cells. OPN, a key factor in tissue repairing and extracellular matrix remodeling after injury, is a constituent of the extracellular matrix of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, the role of OPN in neurodegenerative diseases has gradually caused widespread concern. Microglia are resident macrophage-like immune cells in CNS and play a vital role in both physiological and pathological conditions, including restoring the integrity of the CNS and promoting the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia's major function is to maintain homeostasis and the normal function of the CNS, both during development and in response to CNS injury. Although the functional mechanism of OPN in CNS neurodegenerative diseases has yet to be fully elucidated, most studies suggest that OPN play a role in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases or in neuroprotection by regulating the activation and function of microglia. Here, we summarize the functions of OPN on microglia in response to various stimulations in vitro and in vivo.
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De Filippis A, Buommino E, Domenico MD, Feola A, Brunetti-Pierri R, Rizzo A. Chlamydia trachomatis induces an upregulation of molecular biomarkers podoplanin, Wilms' tumour gene 1, osteopontin and inflammatory cytokines in human mesothelial cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:654-663. [PMID: 28535856 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent infection of the genital tract in women worldwide. C. trachomatis has a tendency to cause persistent infection and induce a state of chronic inflammation, which has been reported to play a role in carcinogenesis. We report that persistent C. trachomatis infection increases the expression of inflammatory tumour cytokines and upregulates molecular biomarkers such as podoplanin, Wilms' tumour gene 1 and osteopontin in primary cultures of mesothelial cells (Mes1) and human mesothelioma cells (NCI). Infection experiments showed that Mes1 and NCI supported the growth of C. trachomatisin vitro, and at an m.o.i. of 4, the inclusion-forming units/cell showed many intracellular inclusion bodies after 3 days of infection. However, after 7 days of incubation, increased proliferative and invasive activity was also observed in Mes1 cells, which was more evident after 14 days of incubation. ELISA analysis revealed an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α release in Mes1 cells infected for a longer period (14 days). Finally, real-time PCR analysis revealed a strong induction of podoplanin, Wilms' tumour gene 1 and osteopontin gene expression in infected Mes1 cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory response elicited by C. trachomatis persistent infection and the role played by inflammation in cell proliferation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and molecular biomarkers of cancer. The results of this study suggest that increased molecular biomarkers of cancer by persistent inflammation from C. trachomatis infection might support cellular transformation, thus increasing the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery - Second University of Naples, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 - 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Buommino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery - Second University of Naples, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 - 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology - Second University of Naples, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 - 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology - Second University of Naples, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 - 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Brunetti-Pierri
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties - Second University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery - Second University of Naples, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16 - 80138 Naples, Italy
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Verma R, Krishna A. Effect of tamoxifen on spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Protection of mucosal tissues of the oral cavity, intestines, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract from the constant challenge of pathogens is achieved by the combined barrier function of the lining epithelia and specialized immune cells. Recent studies have indicated that osteopontin (OPN) has a pivotal role in the development of immune responses and in the tissue destruction and the subsequent repair processes associated with inflammatory diseases. While expression of OPN is increased in immune cells—including neutrophils, macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes—and in epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic cells of inflamed tissues, deciphering the specific functions of OPN has been difficult. In part, this is due to the broad range of biological activities of OPN that are mediated by multiple receptors which recognize several signaling motifs whose activities are influenced by post-translational modifications and proteolytic processing of OPN. Understanding the role of OPN in mucosal inflammation is further complicated by its contributions to the barrier function of the lining epithelia and the complexity of the specialized mucosal immune system. In an attempt to provide some insights into the involvement of OPN in mucosal diseases, this review summarizes current knowledge of the biological activities of OPN involved in the development of inflammatory responses and in wound healing, and indicates how these activities may affect the protection of mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sodek
- CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rabenstein M, Vay SU, Flitsch LJ, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA. Osteopontin directly modulates cytokine expression of primary microglia and increases their survival. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hung YC, Hsu CC, Chung CH, Huang TF. The disintegrin, trimucrin, suppresses LPS-induced activation of phagocytes primarily through blockade of NF-κB and MAPK activation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:723-37. [PMID: 27030393 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to antiplatelet activity, disintegrin, a small-mass RGD-containing polypeptide, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects but the mechanism involved remains unclear. In this study, we report that trimucrin, a disintegrin from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stimulation of THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. We also investigate the underlying mechanism. Trimucrin decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited the adhesion and migration of LPS-activated phagocytes. Trimucrin significantly blocked the expression of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB)-related downstream inducible enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect was associated with the decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, trimucrin concentration dependently inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), PI3K, and Akt. Trimucrin also reversed the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB by suppressing the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 and the cytosolic IκB release. Flow cytometric analyses showed that trimucrin bound to cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-αVβ3 mAb also specifically decreased the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated trimucrin. Binding assays demonstrated that integrin αVβ3 was the binding site for trimucrin on THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, we showed that trimucrin decreases the inflammatory reaction through the attenuation of iNOS expression and nitric oxide (NO) production by blocking MAP kinase and the NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Hung
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hu Chung
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rabenstein M, Hucklenbroich J, Willuweit A, Ladwig A, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Langen KJ, Rueger MA. Osteopontin mediates survival, proliferation and migration of neural stem cells through the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:99. [PMID: 25998490 PMCID: PMC4464234 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoglycoprotein with important roles in tissue homeostasis, wound healing, immune regulation, and stress responses. It is expressed constitutively in the brain and upregulated during neuroinflammatory responses; for example, after focal cerebral ischemia. To date, its effects on neural stem cells (NSC) remain to be elucidated and are, accordingly, the subject of this study. Method Primary fetal rat NSC were cultured as homogenous monolayers and treated with different concentrations of OPN. Fundamental properties of NSC were assessed following OPN exposure, including proliferative activity, survival under oxidative stress, migration, and differentiation potential. To elucidate a putative action of OPN via the CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), the latter was blocked with AMD3100. To investigate effects of OPN on endogenous NSC in vivo, recombinant OPN was injected into the brain of healthy adult rats as well as rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Effects of OPN on NSC proliferation and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone were studied immunohistochemically. Results OPN dose-dependently increased the number of NSC in vitro. As hypothesized, this effect was mediated through CXCR4. The increase in NSC number was due to both enhanced cell proliferation and increased survival, and was confirmed in vivo. Additionally, OPN dose-dependently stimulated the migration of NSC via CXCR4. Moreover, in the presence of OPN, differentiation of NSC led to a significant increase in neurogenesis both in vitro as well as in vivo after cerebral ischemia. Conclusion Data show positive effects of OPN on survival, proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation of NSC. At least in part these effects were mediated via CXCR4. Results suggest that OPN is a promising substance for the targeted activation of NSC in future experimental therapies for neurological disorders such as stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0098-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Joerg Hucklenbroich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Anne Ladwig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425, Juelich, Germany.
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Song H, Deng B, Zou C, Huai W, Zhao R, Zhao W. GSK3β negatively regulates LPS-induced osteopontin expression via inhibiting its transcription. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:186-91. [PMID: 25565601 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is expressed by a variety of immune cells and is critical for both innate and adaptive immune responses. The expression status of OPN might be tightly regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which OPN is negatively regulated in LPS-stimulated macrophages remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitors - SB216763, LiCl and azakenpaullone - enhanced LPS-induced OPN expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages. GSK3β knock-down had the similar effects. Furthermore, we found that GSK3β inhibitors and GSK3β knock-down both increased the activity of OPN promoter in LPS-stimulated macrophages. GSK3β inhibitor-mediated enhancement of LPS-induced OPN promoter activity was abrogated in GSK3β siRNA-treated macrophages. Therefore, we identified GSK3β as a negative regulator of OPN expression and suggest GSK3β as a potential therapeutic target for the intervention of diseases with uncontrolled OPN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Song
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hussain S, Sangtian S, Anderson SM, Snyder RJ, Marshburn JD, Rice AB, Bonner JC, Garantziotis S. Inflammasome activation in airway epithelial cells after multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure mediates a profibrotic response in lung fibroblasts. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:28. [PMID: 24915862 PMCID: PMC4067690 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to induce airway remodeling, a key feature of chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the mechanism leading to remodeling is poorly understood. Particularly, there is limited insight about the role of airway epithelial injury in these changes. Objectives We investigated the mechanism of MWCNT-induced primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell injury and its contribution in inducing a profibrotic response. Methods Primary HBE cells were exposed to thoroughly characterized MWCNTs (1.5-24 μg/mL equivalent to 0.37-6.0 μg/cm2) and MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts were exposed to 1:4 diluted conditioned medium from these cells. Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunostainings/immunoblots and PCR analyses were employed to study cellular mechanisms. Results MWCNT induced NLRP3 inflammasome dependent pyroptosis in HBE cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell death and cytokine production were significantly reduced by antioxidants, siRNA to NLRP3, a caspase-1 inhibitor (z-WEHD-FMK) or a cathepsin B inhibitor (CA-074Me). Conditioned medium from MWCNT-treated HBE cells induced significant increase in mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic markers (TIMP-1, Tenascin-C, Procollagen 1, and Osteopontin) in human lung fibroblasts, without a concomitant change in expression of TGF-beta. Induction of pro-fibrotic markers was significantly reduced when IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-8 neutralizing antibodies were added to the conditioned medium or when conditioned medium from NLRP3 siRNA transfected HBE cells was used. Conclusions Taken together these results demonstrate induction of a NLRP3 inflammasome dependent but TGF-beta independent pro-fibrotic response after MWCNT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA.
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Patouraux S, Rousseau D, Rubio A, Bonnafous S, Lavallard VJ, Lauron J, Saint-Paul MC, Bailly-Maitre B, Tran A, Crenesse D, Gual P. Osteopontin deficiency aggravates hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1208. [PMID: 24810044 PMCID: PMC4047890 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cancer progression. However, its role in hepatic injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) has not yet been investigated. We show here that hepatic warm ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h induced the upregulation of the hepatic and systemic level of OPN in mice. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were strongly increased in Opn−/− mice compared with wild-type (Wt) mice after I–R, and histological analysis of the liver revealed a significantly higher incidence of necrosis of hepatocytes. In addition, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6) and interferon-γ were strongly upregulated in Opn−/− mice versus Wt mice after I–R. One explanation for these responses could be the vulnerability of the OPN-deficient hepatocyte. Indeed, the downregulation of OPN in primary and AML12 hepatocytes decreased cell viability in the basal state and sensitized AML12 hepatocytes to cell death induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation and TNFα. Further, the downregulation of OPN in AML12 hepatocytes caused a strong decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and in the ATP level. The hepatic expression of Bcl2 also decreased in Opn−/− mice versus Wt mice livers after I–R. Another explanation could be the regulation of the macrophage activity by OPN. In RAW macrophages, the downregulation of OPN enhanced iNOS expression in the basal state and sensitized macrophages to inflammatory signals, as evaluated by the upregulation of iNOS, TNFα and IL6 in response to lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, OPN partially protects from hepatic injury and inflammation induced in this experimental model of liver I–R. This could be due to its ability to partially prevent death of hepatocytes and to limit the production of toxic iNOS-derived NO by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patouraux
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France [3] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Biologique, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - D Rousseau
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - A Rubio
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - S Bonnafous
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France [3] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - V J Lavallard
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - J Lauron
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - M-C Saint-Paul
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France [3] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Biologique, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - B Bailly-Maitre
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - A Tran
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France [3] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif, Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - D Crenesse
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France [3] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques CHU Lenval, Nice, France
| | - P Gual
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l'obésité», Nice, France [2] Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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Abstract
Cigarette smoke is the most common cause of pulmonary emphysema, which results in an irreversible loss of lung structure and function. Th1 and Th17 immune responses have been implicated in emphysema pathogenesis; however, the drivers of emphysema-associated immune dysfunction are not fully understood. In this issue of the JCI, Shan and colleagues found that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is downregulated in APCs isolated from the lungs of emphysematous chronic smokers and mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Furthermore, treatment with a PPARγ agonist prevented emphysema development and appeared to reduce emphysema-associated lung volume expansion in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Further work will need to be done to evaluate the potential of PPARγ agonists to restore lung capacity in emphysematous patients.
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Luo XY, Takahara T, Kawai K, Fujino M, Sugiyama T, Tsuneyama K, Tsukada K, Nakae S, Zhong L, Li XK. IFN-γ deficiency attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a steatohepatitis model induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G891-9. [PMID: 24136786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00193.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines play important roles in all stages of steatohepatitis, including hepatocyte injury, the inflammatory response, and the altered function of sinusoidal cells. This study examined the involvement of a major inflammatory cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), in the progression of steatohepatitis. In a steatohepatitis model by feeding a methionine- and choline-deficient high-fat (MCDHF) diet to both wild-type and IFN-γ-deficient mice, the liver histology, expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis-related markers were examined. To analyze the effects of IFN-γ on Kupffer cells in vitro, we examined the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by a mouse macrophage cell line. Forty two days of MCDHF diet resulted in weight loss, elevated aminotransferases, liver steatosis, and inflammation in wild-type mice. However, the IFN-γ-deficient mice exhibited less extensive changes. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-4 and osteopontin were increased in wild-type mice, although they were suppressed in IFN-γ-deficient mice. Seventy days of MCDHF diet induced much more liver fibrosis in wild-type mice than in IFN-γ-deficient mice. The expression levels of fibrosis-related genes, α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, were dramatically increased in wild-type mice, whereas they were significantly suppressed in IFN-γ-deficient mice. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that, when RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with IFN-γ, they produced TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. The present study showed that IFN-γ deficiency might inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages cells and subsequently suppress stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. These findings highlight the critical role of IFN-γ in the progression of steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Luo
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan.
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Begum MD, Umemura M, Kon S, Yahagi A, Hamada S, Oshiro K, Gotoh K, Nishizono A, Uede T, Matsuzaki G. Suppression of the Bacterial Antigen-Specific T Cell Response and the Dendritic Cell Migration to the Lymph Nodes by Osteopontin. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 51:135-47. [PMID: 17237609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been reported to enhance the interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing Th1-type T cell response through the induction of interleukin (IL)-12 and the suppression of IL-10. We therefore investigated whether OPN could enhance Th1 induction by vaccination against bacterial antigen in vivo. Unexpectedly, the co-inoculation of OPN suppressed the induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells and T cell proliferative response after the subcutaneous heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes(HKLM) immunization. These results suggest that OPN down-regulates T cell priming. Since dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in T cell priming, we next analyzed the effects of OPN on DC. The addition of OPN into the culture of either bone marrow-derived immature DC or an immature DC line JAWSII showed no effects on the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 molecules before and after HKLM stimulation. Consistently, in vitro OPN-treated DC showed a normal antigen-presenting function to an established Listeria-specific Th1-type T cells. However, when the DC were transferred into the footpad with HKLM and OPN, the migration of the transferred DC into the regional LN was suppressed in comparison to the DC transferred with HKLM alone. Furthermore, the addition of OPN into the culture of the DC line and HKLM severely suppressed the HKLM-induced expression of CCR7 chemokine receptor which is an important factor in the migration of DC into LN. All the results suggest the existence of an OPN-mediated negative feedback mechanism in the T cell immune response through the regulation of DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Dilara Begum
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinaya, Japan
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Morales-Ibanez O, Domínguez M, Ki SH, Marcos M, Chaves JF, Nguyen-Khac E, Houchi H, Affò S, Sancho-Bru P, Altamirano J, Michelena J, García-Pagán JC, Abraldes JG, Arroyo V, Caballería J, Laso FJ, Gao B, Bataller R. Human and experimental evidence supporting a role for osteopontin in alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 2013; 58:1742-56. [PMID: 23729174 PMCID: PMC3877722 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We identified, in the transcriptome analysis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH), osteopontin (OPN) as one of the most up-regulated genes. Here, we used a translational approach to investigate its pathogenic role. OPN hepatic gene expression was quantified in patients with AH and other liver diseases. OPN protein expression and processing were assessed by immmunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OPN gene polymorphisms were evaluated in patients with alcoholic liver disease. The role of OPN was evaluated in OPN(-/-) mice with alcohol-induced liver injury. OPN biological actions were studied in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and in precision-cut liver slices. Hepatic expression and serum levels of OPN were markedly increased in AH, compared to normal livers and other types of chronic liver diseases, and correlated with short-term survival. Serum levels of OPN also correlated with hepatic expression and disease severity. OPN was mainly expressed in areas with inflammation and fibrosis. Two proteases that process OPN (thrombin and matrix metalloproteinase 7) and cleaved OPN were increased in livers with AH. Patients with AH had a tendency of a lower frequency of the CC genotype of the +1239C single-nucleotide polymorphism of the OPN gene, compared to patients with alcohol abuse without liver disease. Importantly, OPN(-/-) mice were protected against alcohol-induced liver injury and showed decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, OPN was induced by lipopolysaccharide and stimulated inflammatory actions in HSCs. CONCLUSION Human and experimental data suggest a role for OPN in the pathogenesis of AH. Further studies should evaluate OPN as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Morales-Ibanez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marlene Domínguez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sung H. Ki
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Alcoholism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IBSAL-University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier F. Chaves
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Nguyen-Khac
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Amiens University Hospital and Groupe de Recherche sur l’Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (INSERM ERI 24, GRAP), Picardie University, Amiens, France
| | - Hakim Houchi
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Amiens University Hospital and Groupe de Recherche sur l’Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (INSERM ERI 24, GRAP), Picardie University, Amiens, France
| | - Silvia Affò
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Altamirano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Michelena
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan G. Abraldes
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Laso
- Alcoholism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IBSAL-University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
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Chatterton DE, Nguyen DN, Bering SB, Sangild PT. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive milk proteins in the intestine of newborns. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1730-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wahl V, Vogler S, Grosche A, Pannicke T, Ueffing M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Hauck S, Bringmann A. Osteopontin inhibits osmotic swelling of retinal glial (Müller) cells by inducing release of VEGF. Neuroscience 2013; 246:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ailane S, Long P, Jenner P, Rose S. Expression of integrin and CD44 receptors recognising osteopontin in the normal and LPS-lesioned rat substantia nigra. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2468-76. [PMID: 23692556 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional protein osteopontin (OPN) is expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) and protects nigral dopaminergic neurones against toxic insult in animal models of Parkinson's disease, although the mechanisms involved are uncertain. In the periphery, OPN regulates inflammatory processes by interacting with integrin and CD44 receptors but the presence and distribution of these sites in SN is unknown. We investigated the expression of integrin receptor subunits and CD44 receptors in the normal SN and after induction of inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and their interaction with OPN. In normal rat SN, integrin αv , β3 and β1 , and CD44, receptors were expressed on neurones including TH-positive cells but not on glia. LPS administration induced a loss of TH-positive neurones in SN and increased expression of glial cells as shown by GFAP, OX-6 and ED-1 immunoreactivity. In LPS-lesioned SN, there was up-regulation of the expression of integrin β3 and CD44 receptors. Co-localisation studies showed that this related to their increased expression on OX-6-, ED-1- and GFAP-positive cells. Furthermore, OPN interacted with integrin and CD44 receptors in the normal rat SN as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down techniques. These data show that integrin and CD44 receptors are present on neurones in normal rat SN and that they are up-regulated on glial cells following LPS-mediated inflammation in SN, suggesting that they are functionally important in the inflammatory process. The interaction of OPN with these receptors suggests a role in the neuroprotective effect of this protein in the LPS model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ailane
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Thyroid dysfunctions are common endocrine problems. They are often misdiagnosed, misunderstood, and frequently overlooked. These disorders affect almost every aspect of health. Most of them remain undetected because the clinical assessment alone lacks both sensitivity and specificity. As it is not sufficient enough we require the biochemical tests to confirm the diagnosis. As a consequence there is still great interest in new biomarkers that complement existing diagnostic tools. Osteopontin, a glycoprotein that can be detected in plasma, was found to be upregulated in several patients with hyperthyroidism and downregulated in hypothyroid patients so it may represent a new biomarker. 100 patients with thyroid dysfunctions (50 hyperthyroid, 50 hypothyroid) and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Osteopontin and other clinical parameters for diagnosis of thyroid disorders were measured. Osteopontin is positively correlated with T3 and T4 (r = 0.62 and r = 0.75 respectively) while it is negatively correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (r = -0.52) showing a significant correlation (p-value <0.001). Our findings suggest that osteopontin might be useful as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with impaired thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Reza
- Pathology Department, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Shojaei F, Scott N, Kang X, Lappin PB, Fitzgerald AA, Karlicek S, Simmons BH, Wu A, Lee JH, Bergqvist S, Kraynov E. Osteopontin induces growth of metastatic tumors in a preclinical model of non-small lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:26. [PMID: 22444159 PMCID: PMC3325875 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), also known as SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein), is an integrin binding glyco-phosphoprotein produced by a variety of tissues. In cancer patients expression of OPN has been associated with poor prognosis in several tumor types including breast, lung, and colorectal cancers. Despite wide expression in tumor cells and stroma, there is limited evidence supporting role of OPN in tumor progression and metastasis. Using phage display technology we identified a high affinity anti-OPN monoclonal antibody (hereafter AOM1). The binding site for AOM1 was identified as SVVYGLRSKS sequence which is immediately adjacent to the RGD motif and also spans the thrombin cleavage site of the human OPN. AOM1 efficiently inhibited OPNa binding to recombinant integrin αvβ3 with an IC50 of 65 nM. Due to its unique binding site, AOM1 is capable of inhibiting OPN cleavage by thrombin which has been shown to produce an OPN fragment that is biologically more active than the full length OPN. Screening of human cell lines identified tumor cells with increased expression of OPN receptors (αvβ3 and CD44v6) such as mesothelioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast, and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC). CD44v6 and αvβ3 were also found to be highly enriched in the monocyte, but not lymphocyte, subset of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). In vitro, OPNa induced migration of both tumor and hPBMCs in a transwell migration assay. AOM1 significantly blocked cell migration further validating its specificity for the ligand. OPN was found to be enriched in mouse plasma in a number of pre-clinical tumor model of non-small cell lung cancers. To assess the role of OPN in tumor growth and metastasis and to evaluate a potential therapeutic indication for AOM1, we employed a KrasG12D-LSLp53fl/fl subcutaneously implanted in vivo model of NSCLC which possesses a high capacity to metastasize into the lung. Our data indicated that treatment of tumor bearing mice with AOM1 as a single agent or in combination with Carboplatin significantly inhibited growth of large metastatic tumors in the lung further supporting a role for OPN in tumor metastasis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Shojaei
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Department of Oncology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
The secreted phosphorylated protein osteopontin (OPN) is expressed in a variety of tissues and bodily fluids, and is associated with pathologies including tissue injury, infection, autoimmune disease and cancer. Macrophages are ubiquitous, heterogeneous cells that mediate aspects of cell and tissue damage in all these pathologies. Here, the role of OPN in macrophage function is reviewed. OPN is expressed in macrophage cells in multiple pathologies, and the regulation of its expression in these cells has been described in vitro. The protein has been implicated in multiple functions of macrophages, including cytokine expression, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, phagocytosis and migration. Indeed, the role of OPN in cells of the macrophage lineage might underlie its physiological role in many pathologies. However, there are numerous instances where the published literature is inconsistent, especially in terms of OPN function in vitro. Although the heterogeneity of OPN and its receptors, or of macrophages themselves, might underlie some of these inconsistencies, it is important to understand the role of OPN in macrophage biology in order to exploit its function therapeutically.
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Hsu CC, Chuang WJ, Chang CH, Tseng YL, Peng HC, Huang TF. Improvements in endotoxemic syndromes using a disintegrin, rhodostomin, through integrin αvβ3-dependent pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:593-602. [PMID: 21143376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Septic shock is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units, but there is still no effective therapy for the patients. We evaluated the effects of rhodostomin (Rn), an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing snake venom disintegrin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated phagocytes in vitro and LPS-induced endotoxemia in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Rn inhibited adhesion, migration, cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation of macrophage induced by LPS. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Rn specifically blocked anti-αv mAb binding to RAW264.7. Besides inhibiting MAPK activation of THP-1, Rn bound to LPS-activated THP-1 and specifically blocked anti-αvβ3 mAb binding to THP-1. Binding assays proved that integrin αvβ3 was the binding site for rhodostomin on phagocytes. Rn reversed the enhancement of fibronectin and vitronectin on LPS-induced monocyte adhesion and cytokine release. Transfection of integrin αv siRNA also inhibited LPS-induced activation of monocyte, and Rn exerted no further inhibitory effect. Furthermore, Rn significantly decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6, -1β and -10 and attenuated cardiovascular dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart pulse, and thrombocytopenia in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice. Rn also protected against tissue inflammation as evidenced by histological examination. CONCLUSIONS Rn may interact with αvβ3 integrin of monocytes/macrophages leading to interfere with the activation of phagocytes triggered by LPS. These results suggest that the protective function of Rn in LPS-induced endotoxemia may be attributed to its anti-inflammation activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhao F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Jin M, He S, Shi Y, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Blockade of osteopontin reduces alloreactive CD8+ T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2011; 117:1723-33. [PMID: 21119110 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-281659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is caused by alloreactive donor T cells that trigger host tissue damage. The inflammatory environment inside recipients is critical for GVHD pathogenesis, but the underpinning mechanisms remain elusive. Using mouse model of human GVHD, we demonstrate osteopontin (OPN), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in regulating activation, migration, and survival of alloreactive T cells during GVHD. OPN was significantly elevated after irradiation and persisted throughout the course of GVHD. Blockade of OPN attenuated GVHD with reduced accumulation of donor T cells in recipient organs. Amelioration was the result of migration and survival suppression caused by anti-OPN treatment on donor-derived T cells for 2 reasons. First, OPN promoted the migration and infiltration of naive and alloreactive CD8(+) T cells into host organs. Second, it also facilitated activation and viability of donor-derived CD8(+) T cells via synergizing with T-cell receptor/CD3 signaling. Finally, anti-OPN treatment retained graft-versus-leukemia effect of alloreactive CD8(+) T cells. This study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the critical effect of OPN in the initiation and persistence of CD8(+) T cell-mediated GVHD and validates OPN as a potential target in GVHD prevention.
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Guo H, Mi Z, Bowles DE, Bhattacharya SD, Kuo PC. Osteopontin and protein kinase C regulate PDLIM2 activation and STAT1 ubiquitination in LPS-treated murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37787-96. [PMID: 20889505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) levels in states of inflammation are incompletely understood. The suppressor of cytokine signaling, protein inhibitor of STAT, and SHP-1/2 tyrosine phosphatases ultimately regulate activity of STAT molecules. However, these mechanisms do not degrade STAT proteins. In this regard, using a murine macrophage model of LPS stimulation, we previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) increased STAT1 ubiquitination and 26 S proteasome degradation via the ubiquitin E3 ligase, PDLIM2. In this study, we further characterize OPN-dependent activation of PDLIM2 in a model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. We identify serine 137 as a protein kinase C-phosphorylation site in PDLIM2 that is required for ubiquitination of STAT1. PDLIM2 phosphorylation requires OPN expression. Using phospho-mutants and phospho-mimetic constructs of PDLIM2, our in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination studies confirm the role of PDLIM2 in formation and degradation of Ub-STAT1. The functional consequences of PDLIM2-mediated STAT1 degradation were confirmed using an IFN-γ-regulated transcription factor STAT1α reporter construct and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for the inducible nitric-oxide synthase promoter. In a murine cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis in wild-type and OPN (-/-) animals, OPN was necessary for PDLIM2 serine phosphorylation and STAT1 ubiquitination in bone marrow macrophages. We conclude that OPN and PDLIM2 are important regulators of STAT1-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Guo
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
The family of matricellular proteins comprises molecules with disparate biology. The main characteristic of matricellular proteins is to be expressed during tissue renewal and repair in order to "normalize" the tissue. Tumors are wound that do not heal, and tumor growth and metastasis can be viewed as a consequence of aberrant homeostasis, during which matricellular proteins are often upregulated. In the tumor microenvironment, they can be produced by both tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and macrophages. In this context, matricellular proteins can exert several functions that actively contribute to tumor progression. They may (a) regulate cellular adhesion and migration and extracellular matrix deposition, (b) control tumor infiltration by macrophages or other leukocytes, (c) affect tumor angiogenesis, (d) regulate TGFbeta and other growth factor receptor signals, (e) directly stimulate integrin receptors to transduce pro-survival or pro-migratory signals, and (f) regulate the wnt/beta-catenin pathways. Most of these functions contribute to settle a chronic low inflammatory state, whose involvement in tissue transformation and tumor progression is now established.
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Grimm G, Vila G, Bieglmayer C, Riedl M, Luger A, Clodi M. Changes in osteopontin and in biomarkers of bone turnover during human endotoxemia. Bone 2010; 47:388-91. [PMID: 20420943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infection and inflammation in men are associated with bone loss. Rodent studies have elucidated the pathways mediating the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activated immune cells and hormones on bone. Here we investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of bone turnover following human endotoxemia, an experimental model of self-limiting systemic infection and inflammation. Ten healthy men received in a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial once placebo and once 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS). During the following 6 h we monitored parathyoid hormone (PTH) and osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein related to bone pathophysiology, as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC). In LPS sessions there was a transient fall in PTH at 3 h (p=0.009) and a nearly two-fold increase in OPN levels after 6 h (LPS: 155+/-19 pg/ml; placebo: 85+/-13 pg/ml, p<0.001). LPS gradually reduced CTX levels (LPS: 0.44+/-0.4 pg/ml; placebo: 0.59+/-0.06 pg/ml, p=0.003), P1NP showed a peak at 4 h (LPS: 89.9+/-14.7 pg/ml; placebo: 75+/-9.7 pg/ml, p=0.028) and circulating OC did not change. The early human response to systemic endotoxemia boosts osteopontin levels and modifies bone biomarkers, indicating a decrease in the lytic activity of osteoclasts, accompanied by an increase in the activity of immature osteoblasts. These changes might present the acute phase response of immune and bone cells to bacterial stimuli in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grimm
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Shevde LA, Das S, Clark DW, Samant RS. Osteopontin: an effector and an effect of tumor metastasis. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:71-81. [PMID: 20205680 DOI: 10.2174/156652410791065381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that is produced by multiple tissues in our body and is most abundant in bone. It is also produced by cancer cells and plays a determinative role in the growth, progression and metastasis of cancer. Clinically, OPN has been reported to be upregulated in tumor cells per se; this is also reflected by increased levels of OPN in the circulation. Thus, increased OPN levels the plasma are an effect of tumor growth and progression. Functionally, high OPN levels are determinative of higher incidence of bone metastases in mouse models and are clinically correlated with metastatic bone disease and bone resorption in advanced breast cancer patients. Several research efforts have been made to therapeutically target and inhibit the activities of OPN. In this article we have reviewed OPN in its role as an effector of critical steps in tumor progression and metastasis, with a particular emphasis on its role in facilitating bone metastasis of breast cancer. We have also addressed the role of the host-derived OPN in influencing the malignant behavior of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Shevde
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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Nishikaku AS, Scavone R, Molina RFS, Albe BP, Cunha CDS, Burger E. Osteopontin involvement in granuloma formation and in the severity of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. Med Mycol 2010; 47:495-507. [PMID: 19048431 DOI: 10.1080/13693780802342537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The participation of osteopontin (OPN) in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infected mice, its association to granulomatogenesis, severity of infection, pattern of lesions, nitric oxide (NO) levels and fungal load were evaluated in this investigation. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed marked OPN staining in extracellular matrix and in macrophages and multinucleated giant cells at the center of lesions, suggesting a possible role of OPN in the distribution of these cells within the granulomas. At 15 days post-infection with a virulent P. brasiliensis isolate, OPN+ cells were more numerous and intensely immunostained in the loose granulomas of susceptible mice than in those of resistant mice. In addition, high fungal loads and low NO levels were observed in susceptible mice. At 120 days after infection, resistant mice had increased total OPN levels (ELISA) and OPN positivity in compact granulomas, higher NO levels and lower fungal loads than susceptible mice. Residual lesions associated with low OPN levels, high NO and control of fungal dissemination were observed in both mouse strains at 120 days post-infection with the slightly virulent fungal isolate. Therefore, OPN could be associated with higher severity of the disease in an early phase of infection and with a degree of control of the progressive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Satie Nishikaku
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Suzuki H, Ayer R, Sugawara T, Chen W, Sozen T, Hasegawa Y, Kanamaru K, Zhang JH. Protective effects of recombinant osteopontin on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:612-8. [PMID: 19851092 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c027ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulated evidence suggests that the primary cause of poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage is not only cerebral arterial narrowing but also early brain injury. Our objective was to determine the effect of recombinant osteopontin, a pleiotropic extracellular matrix glycoprotein, on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. DESIGN Controlled in vivo laboratory study. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS One hundred seventy-seven male adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300 to 370 g. INTERVENTIONS The endovascular perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage was produced. Subarachnoid hemorrhage or sham-operated rats were treated with an equal volume (1 microL) of pre-subarachnoid hemorrhage intracerebroventricular administration of two dosages (0.02 and 0.1 microg) of recombinant osteopontin, albumin, or vehicle. Body weight, neurologic scores, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier disruption were evaluated, and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the effect of recombinant osteopontin on matrix metalloproteinase-9, substrates of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (zona occludens-1, laminin), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, inflammation (interleukin-1beta), and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment with recombinant osteopontin prevented a significant loss in body weight, neurologic impairment, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage. These effects were associated with the deactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB activity, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction, the maintenance of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, the consequent preservation of the cerebral microvessel basal lamina protein laminin, and the tight junction protein zona occludens-1. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that recombinant osteopontin treatment is effective for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions. OPN is involved in normal physiological processes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states, including atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and several chronic inflammatory diseases. Through interactions with several integrins, OPN mediates cell migration, adhesion, and survival in many cell types. OPN also functions as a Th1 cytokine, promotes cell-mediated immune responses, and plays a role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Besides its function in inflammation, OPN is also a regulator of biomineralization and a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Amanda Lund
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 358056, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Nishikaku AS, Molina RFS, Ribeiro LC, Scavone R, Albe BP, Cunha CS, Burger E. Nitric oxide participation in granulomatous response induced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 2009; 198:123-35. [PMID: 19360439 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-009-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in granulomas of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected inducible NO synthase-deficient C57BL/6 mice (iNOS KO) and their wild-type counterparts and its association with osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was studied. At 15 days after infection (DAI), iNOS KO mice showed compact and necrotic granulomas with OPN+ macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, whereas wild-type mice developed loose granulomas with many fungi and OPN+ cells distributed throughout the tissue. In addition, high OPN levels and fungal load were observed in iNOS KO mice. Both experimental groups had MMP-9 activity. At 120 DAI, iNOS KO had smaller granulomas with OPN+ cells, lower OPN levels, lower fungal load and decreased MMP-9 activity compared with wild-type mice. These findings suggest that NO has an important role in granuloma modulation, by controlling OPN and MMP production, as well as by inducing loose granulomas formation and fungal dissemination, resulting, at later phases, in progression of paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Satie Nishikaku
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1730, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Maetzler W, Michelis J, Tomiuk J, Melms A, Becker C, Gasser T, Schulte C, Berg D. A single-nucleotide polymorphism of the osteopontin gene may contribute to a susceptibility to Lewy body disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:599-605. [PMID: 19340392 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In Lewy body disease, inflammation is discussed to be involved in the pathophysiological cascade. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional molecule, which is increased in inflammatory states. Here, we analyzed the allele frequency of two SNPs of the OPN gene, serum, and CSF OPN levels in Lewy body disease patients and controls. In accordance with our previous findings, we detected increased serum (P = 0.006) and CSF OPN levels (P = 0.0003) in the Lewy body disease cohort, compared to non-Lewy body disease subjects. The genotypic variation of SNP-66 was associated with the occurrence of Lewy body disease (odds ratio: 2.64, 95% CI 1.07-6.54, unadjusted P = 0.036). SNP+1239 was not related to Lewy body disease prevalence (odds ratio 1.61, 95% CI 0.66-3.91, P = 0.29). Genotype prevalence and OPN levels were not significantly related. These findings suggest that OPN is associated with the occurrence of Lewy body disease and SNP-66 may be a susceptibility factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Terashima Y, Shimabukuro Y, Terashima H, Ozasa M, Terakura M, Ikezawa K, Hashikawa T, Takedachi M, Oohara H, Yamada S, Murakami S. Fibroblast growth factor‐2 regulates expression of osteopontin in periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:640-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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