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Zegeye MY, Yosef T, Asres A. Prevalence of Diabetes and Associated Factors Among Government Employees of Mizan-Aman Town and Zonal Sector Office, Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia Region, 2022. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:725-738. [PMID: 38371387 PMCID: PMC10870931 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s444487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious non-communicable disease (NCD) that represents a major health and development challenge of the 21st century. Ethiopia is the leading country among the top five high-burden African countries for the number of people with diabetes. To address problems within the population, it is important to assess the prevalence of diabetes and identify the risk factors associated with its diagnosis. Objective The study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes and identify its associated factors among office workers of Mizan-Aman Town administration and Bench Sheko Zone Sector Office. Methods A sector office-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 559 randomly selected employees of Mizan Aman Town Administration and Zonal Office from June 5 to June 30, 2022. Fasting plasma glucose was tested, and the result ≥126 mg/dL was used to diagnose DM. Data were entered using Epi Data version 4.0.2 and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 26) for analysis. Bivariate analyses were included in the multivariable model with p <0.25. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% are reported, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The overall prevalence of Diabetes was 9.4% with 95%CI(7.1,12.1)). Among the participants,60.8% were men, 58.2% of workers were aged 40 years or older, and the mean age was 39.7 ± 9.9 years. Having hypertension (AOR 3.85, 95% CI (1.7,7.4), family history of diabetes (AOR 4.5, 95% CI (1.2, 15.8), physical inactivity defined as failure to participate in moderate intensity activities at work, sitting ≥180 minutes per day (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.1, 11.0)) and having central obesity AOR: 3.25, 95% CI (1.5, 6.7) independently associated with higher odds of DM. However, those having good knowledge of DM (AOR=0.26, 95% CI: (0.10, 0.6)) and consuming fruits and vegetables greater than five servings per week (AOR=0.32 95% CI (0.1, 0.7)) predicted lower odds of DM. Conclusions and Recommendations The prevalence of DM among office workers was high and is associated with lifestyle, family history, dietary practices, and knowledge about DM. Therefore, arranging regular screening programs at the workplace and promotion of healthy diet, exercise, and awareness creation are needed to lower the prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam Zegeye
- Department of EMT, Mizan Aman Health Science College, Mizan Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Yosef
- Public Health Department, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Abyot Asres
- Public Health Department, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia
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Damtie S, Workineh L, Berhan A, Tiruneh T, Legese B, Getie B, Kiros T, Eyayu T. The magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and associated factors among adults living in Debre Tabor town, northcentral Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17729. [PMID: 37519754 PMCID: PMC10372355 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide public health problem. The burden of diabetes has been continuously increasing from day to day, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Globally, half of all cases of diabetes mellitus are undiagnosed. Diabetes mellitus can be easily handled if it is detected early. There is limited evidence on the magnitude of undiagnosed diabetics and prediabetes at the community level in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Objective To assess the magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and associated factors among adults living in Debre Tabor town. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Tabor town from October to December 2021. A total of 407 participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A pretested structural questionnaire was used to collect demographic, behavioral, and clinical data. Anthropometric measurements were taken with standardized and calibrated equipment. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for blood glucose level determination. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. A P-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes was found to be 4.5% (95% CI: 2.9-7.4) and 14.5% (95% CI: 11.1-18.1), respectively. Older age (AOR: 6.50, 95% CI: 1.82-23.21), abnormal body mass index (AOR: 6.84, 95% CI: 1.91-24.54), systolic hypertension (AOR: 8.74, 95% CI: 2.53-30.19), and family history of diabetes mellitus (FHDM) (AOR: 12.45, 95% CI: 3.63-42.65) were significantly associated with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Using saturated oil (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.55), having a high waist circumference (AOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.20-3.87), and being hypertensive (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.04-4.96) were all significantly associated with Prediabetes. Conclusion Adults in Debre Tabor town have a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. A variety of modifiable risk factors were also identified. As a result, focusing the prevention strategy on such modifiable risk factors may help to minimize the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes as well as future disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shewaneh Damtie
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia
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Teshome AA, Baih SZ, Wolie AK, Mengstie MA, Muche ZT, Amare SN, seid MA, Yitbark GY, Molla YM, Baye ND, Ayehu GW. Magnitude of impaired fasting glucose and undiagnosed diabetic mellitus and associated risk factors among adults living in Woreta town, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study, 2021. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 36199073 PMCID: PMC9533517 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is an early warning system that provides prior information to prevent the future development of DM and diabetes-related problems, but early detection of DM is not practically applicable in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of impaired fasting glucose and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated factors. METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 30, 2021. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. A fasting blood sugar (FBS) test was assessed by samples taken early in the morning. Epi-Info 7.2.5.0 was used to enter data, which was then exported to SPSS 25 for analysis. To identify factors associated with IFG, logistics regression was used. The level of statistical significance was declared at p 0.05. RESULT Three hundred and twenty-four (324) participants with a mean age of 43.76 ± 17.29 years were enrolled. The overall magnitude of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) were 43.2% and 10.0%, respectively. Waist circumference (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.23-3.14), hypertension (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI 1.35-8.89), family history of Diabetic mellitus (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.37-5.79) and hypertriglyceridemia (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.41-5.43) were found to be independently associated with impaired fasting glucose. CONCLUSION Individuals who are overweight, hypertriglyceridemia, and are hypertensive should have regular checkups and community-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Agegnehu Teshome
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaw Zeleke Baih
- Department of adult health nursing, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Kassaw Wolie
- Department of pediatrics and child health nursing, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun Muche
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
| | - Shambel Nigussie Amare
- Department of clinical pharmacy, school of pharmacy, college of health and medical science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdu seid
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Yideg Yitbark
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
| | - Yalew Melkamu Molla
- Department of pediatrics and child health, college of medicine and health science, university of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Dagnaw Baye
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw walle Ayehu
- Department of biomedical science, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, P.O. Box 272, Ethiopia
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Tesfay FH, Zorbas C, Alston L, Backholer K, Bowe SJ, Bennett CM. Prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence. Front Public Health 2022; 10:936482. [PMID: 35991039 PMCID: PMC9385028 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.936482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing global health challenge disproportionately impacting low- and middle-income settings, including Ethiopia. Currently, the body of evidence describing the burden of NCDs is fragmented, inconsistent, health facility- or institution-based, and out-dated in Ethiopia. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the prevalence of NCDs in community settings in Ethiopia.Review methodologyCommunity-based quantitative studies published in English between January 1st, 2012, and June 30th, 2022, that reported on the prevalence of NCDs in Ethiopia were included. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Global Health using pretested search terms related to NCDs was conducted, and data were extracted using a piloted data extraction proforma adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16. While the pooled prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and undiagnosed (DM) was computed and presented using forest plots, then overall prevalence of NCDs and other various types of NCDs were narratively synthesized. I2 was used to assess heterogeneity. Studies that did not fulfill the criteria (used similar tool to measure the types of NCDs) for meta-analysis were narratively synthesized.ResultsTwenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies measured the prevalence of NCDs (all NCDs together), ranging from 29 to 35% (prevalence estimates not pooled). The pooled prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) across ten studies was 5% (95% CI: 4–7%). Three studies each reported on the prevalence of undiagnosed DM (pooled prevalence 5%, 95% CI: 4–7%) and pre-DM (pooled prevalence 7%, 95% CI: 3–14%%). In a narrative analysis the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions ranged from 13.4 to 32.2% (n = 3 studies), cancer mortality ranged from 4 to 18% (n = 3 studies) and respiratory conditions ranged from 1 to 18% (n = 3 studies). Some studies have determined more than one NCDs and that is why the total number of studies are exceeding more than twenty studies.Conclusion and recommendationsOur analysis found that approximately one-third of Ethiopians have an NCD, with cardiovascular diseases the most common of all NCDs. The prevalence of respiratory conditions also appears high, but there are insufficient data for a pooled estimate. Whilst the prevalence of DM appears relatively low, there is evidence that the magnitude is increasing. Public health actions to address the high burden of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as the increasing magnitude of DM in Ethiopia, must be prioritized.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO [CRD42020196815].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisaha Haile Tesfay
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Fisaha Haile Tesfay
| | - Christina Zorbas
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Alston
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven J. Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Assefa A, Shifera N. Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus and Its Predictors Among Socially Marginalized Menja Communities in Southwest Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861627. [PMID: 35646765 PMCID: PMC9136078 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder marked by a persistently high blood glucose level over a prolonged period of time linked to either defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is responsible for 537 million adult cases and 6.7 million deaths in 2021. However, about half of the people with diabetes go undiagnosed. Low-income and socially disadvantaged communities are the most vulnerable to the disease. Despite this fact, nothing has been done among these communities, so this study aimed to assess the extent of undiagnosed diabetes and its predictors among the socially marginalized Menja communities of Southwest Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was done in the Menja communities from April 21/2021 to June 30/2021. The required sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula and systematic sampling techniques were employed to select the households. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews utilizing an interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, and anthropometric measurements were taken from each participant. Diabetes was defined as participants who had an FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL or RBG > 200 mg/dL. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of diabetes; adjusted OR with a 95% CI was computed to assess the strength of associations.ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed DM among the socially marginalized Menja communities was 14.7% [95% CI: (11.1–18.3)], and sex-specific prevalence was 16.8%, and 11.1% for men and women respectively. Factors like alcohol consumption (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.49 to 6.05), family history of DM 4.4 (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI 2.04 to 9.35), lower vegetable consumption 3.5 (1.19–10.31) (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.19 to 10.31), and less physical exercise 3.3 (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI 1.61 to 6.90) were the independent predictors that increase the risk of diabetes among Menja communities.Conclusion and RecommendationsUndiagnosed diabetes was high as compared to other settings. Alcohol use, family history of diabetes, vegetable consumption, and physical exercise were predictors of diabetes. Hence, the study suggests frequent screening and treatment for high-risk groups. Minimizing alcohol drinking, frequent vegetable consumption, and physical exercises were recommended measures for the prevention and control of DM among the population of Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Assefa
- Nursing Department, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Ashenafi Assefa
| | - Nigusie Shifera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
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Utura T, Fikrie A. Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among Governmental Civil Servants at Guji Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021. A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267231. [PMID: 35427392 PMCID: PMC9012367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite it being easily preventable, still diabetes mellitus is found in every population in the world and all regions, with the greatest escalation in low and middle-income countries. Moreover, undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes can lead to lower limb amputation, blindness, and kidney disease. However, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and associated factors among adult populations in rural pastoral areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and associated factors among Guji Zone Government Civil Servants, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-14/2018, among 437 randomly selected Government employees of Guji Zone. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were coded and entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant factors associated with the magnitude of DM. P<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were calculated. Result The median (±IQR) age of participants was 33 (±14) years of age. Overall, the prevalence of DM in the study population was found to be 16 (3.9%) [95% CI: 2.2–5.6%]. The prevalence of DM among males and females was 3.8% and 4.2% respectively. Age (<35 years) [0.21 (0.04–0.94)], increasing salt amount in dietary feeding [14.31(1.28–159.2)], Consumption of vegetable &fruit once per week [23.38(2.01–269.17)], diagnosed with HTN [21.35(2.28–199.37)], and Family history of DM [9.42(1.72–51.42)] were significantly associated with DM. Conclusion Comparably lower prevalence of previously undiagnosed DM was found by this study. Being old, excess salt consumption, intake of vegetables & fruit once per week, hypertension, and family history of DM were significantly associated with DM. Therefore, the zonal Health department should enhance and strengthen the provision of health education programs and counseling about nutrition, weight control, and appropriate physical activity and advised the communities for mass screening for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takala Utura
- School of Public Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anteneh Fikrie
- School of Public Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
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Ebrahim E, Teklu T, Tajebe F, Wondmagegn T, Akelew Y, Fiseha M. Association of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphism with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: In silico Analysis of Biological Features of CTLA-4 Protein on Ethiopian Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2733-2751. [PMID: 36091481 PMCID: PMC9462946 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s375023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1DM is a chronic organ-specific T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Genes for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 have been hypothesized as possible contender genes for T1DM vulnerability. However, it has not been studied in the Ethiopian population yet. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate CTLA-4 exon 1 was linked to A49G polymorphism with T1DM and its biological features of CTLA-4 among T1DM patients, in Ethiopia. METHODS A case-control study was done from December 2019 to March 2020 on 210 study participants (105 T1DM patients and 105 healthy controls). Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification with forward and reverse primers was followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and gel electrophoresis to determine gene polymorphism. Bioinformatics data of SNP was retrieved from National Centers for Biotechnology Information databases. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of less than 0.05. RESULTS The CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism was observed on 56 (26.7%) study participants, 39 (18.57%) of T1DM patients, and 17 (0.08%) were controls. In T1DM and controls, the frequency of the A allele was 73.3% and 89.5%, while the G allele was 26.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The G allele was found to be associated with T1DM (OR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.82 -5.32; P=0.001). Statistical analysis revealed an association between the likelihood of T1DM and GG genotype of the CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism (OR=3.11; 95% CI, 1.37-10.90; P=0.01). Further in silico analyzed the SNP to assess its biological features. CONCLUSION The study showed as CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism is linked with T1DM in the Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endris Ebrahim
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Endris Ebrahim, Email
| | - Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsumbrhan Tajebe
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelo Wondmagegn
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Akelew
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Fiseha
- Hematology and Immunohematology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Yitbarek GY, Ayehu GW, Asnakew S, Chanie ES, Bayih WA, Feleke DG, Amare TJ, Teshome F, Teshome AA, Arage G, Ayele FY, Gebremariam AD, Engidaw MT, Tiruneh SA. Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24231. [PMID: 34931004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major public health problem, with 4.6 million deaths annually. The number of people living with undiagnosed diabetes is on the rise and has a diverse prevalence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to synthesize the pooled estimate prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose and its associated factors in Ethiopia. The databases Medline, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Google search were used to find potential studies published from January 2013 until January 2021. Extracted data were entered into the excel spreadsheet. The random effects model with Der Simonian-Laird weights was used to assess the pooled estimate of prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and its associated factors. The Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were used to screen for statistical heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's statistical test were also used to search for any publication bias (small study effect). After extensive searching of articles on different databases, a total of nine studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. In random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was 5.75%, 95% CI (3.90-7.59%), and 8.94%, 95% CI (2.60-15.28%), respectively. Regarding the associated factors, participants family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes status. The pooled odds of developing diabetes mellitus among participants with a family history of diabetes mellitus were about 3.56 times higher than those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.56, 95% CI (2.23, 5.68)). In this review, the higher prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was observed among adults in Ethiopia. Family history of diabetes was found to have an association with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Our finding highlights the need of screening at the community level, with special focus on adults with family history of diabetes mellitus.
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Zeru MA, Tesfa E, Mitiku AA, Seyoum A, Bokoro TA. Prevalence and risk factors of type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21733. [PMID: 34741064 PMCID: PMC8571297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem in developing as well as developed nations. DM leads to many complications that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the current study was planned to assess the prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. Six electronic databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Web of science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were searched for studies published in English up December 30, 2020. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. The data was extracted by Microsoft excel and analyzed through Stata version 16 software. The random effect meta-regression analysis was computed at 95% CI to assess the pooled prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM. Forty observational studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of DM in Ethiopia was 6.5% (95% CI (5.8, 7.3)). The sub-group analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of DM was found in Dire Dawa city administration (14%), and the lowest prevalence was observed in Tigray region (2%). The pooled prevalence of DM was higher (8%) in studies conducted in health facility. Factors like: Age ≥ 40 years ((Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.91 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.49)), Illiterate (AOR: 2.74 (95% CI: 1.18, 6.34)), Cigarette smoking (AOR: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.32)), Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (AOR: 2.01 (95 CI: 1.46, 2.27)), family history of DM (AOR: 6.14 (95% CI: 2.80, 13.46)), history of hypertension (AOR: 3.00 (95% CI: 1.13, 7.95)) and physical inactivity (AOR: 5.79 (95% CI: 2.12, 15.77)) were significantly associated with type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. In this review, the prevalence of type-2 DM was high. Factors like: Older age, illiteracy, cigarette smoking, MBI ≥ 25, family history of DM, history of hypertension and physical inactivity were an identified risk factors of type-2 DM. Therefore, health education and promotion will be warranted. Further, large scale prospective studies will be recommended to address possible risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkamu A. Zeru
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalamaw Tesfa
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aweke A. Mitiku
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Awoke Seyoum
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Abera Bokoro
- grid.192267.90000 0001 0108 7468Department of Statistics, College Computing and Informatics, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Wuhib Shumye M, Tegegne B, Ademe S, Workneh M, Abera M, Nemera G, Balcha F. The Magnitude of Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Hypertensive Patients in Northeast Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:37-45. [PMID: 33442280 PMCID: PMC7797297 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s283158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the most common comorbid non-communicable chronic diseases that threaten human beings worldwide. Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and vis-a-vis. However, there is limited information on the magnitude of diabetes mellitus in hypertensive patients in sub-Saharan countries. Hence, this study assessed the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among adult hypertensive patients attending a hypertension clinic in Northeast Ethiopia. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional study conducted on 407 participants from April to June 2019. The participants were included in the study using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using the WHO STEPwise method. We run descriptive statistics to determine the magnitude of diabetes mellitus in hypertensive patients and logistic regression to identify factors associated with diabetes, and statistically significant associations were declared at a P-value of less than 0.05. RESULTS The magnitude of diabetes mellitus among hypertensive patients was 29.1%, of whom 24% were newly diagnosed. Respondents with a family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR: 4.6, CI: 2.2, 9.48), increased waist-to-height ratio (AOR: 21.5, CI: 5.62,43.67), increased waist circumference (AOR: 3.2, CI: 1.58, 6.53) and primary school educational status (AOR: 3.2, CI: 1.41, 7.25) were more likely to have diabetes. Similarly, respondents with longer hypertension duration (AOR: 4.09, CI: 1.22, 13.64), past daily smoking history (AOR: 10.46, CI: 1.59,6.8), increased diastolic blood pressure (AOR: 4.15, CI: 1.51, 11.37), and increased waist circumference (AOR: 7.5, CI: 4.47,14.95) were more likely to be diagnosed newly for diabetes. CONCLUSION Our study indicated around one-third of hypertensive patients had diabetes. Family history of diabetes mellitus, primary educational status and increased waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference were significant predictors of diabetes among hypertensive patients. The finding suggests the need for regular diabetic screening among hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekuriaw Wuhib Shumye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Mekuriaw Wuhib Shumye Tel +251 92 126 8193 Email
| | - Belachew Tegegne
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Sewunet Ademe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Workneh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Million Abera
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gugsa Nemera
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Fikadu Balcha
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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11
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Ayele BH, Roba HS, Beyene AS, Mengesha MM. Prevalent, uncontrolled, and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among urban adults in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: A population-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120975235. [PMID: 33282310 PMCID: PMC7686592 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120975235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Globally, 8.8% of adults were estimated to have diabetes mellitus, with the low-and middle-income countries sharing the largest burden. However, the research evidence for targeted interventions is lacking in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, disaggregated by the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus morbidity and associated factors among adults in Dire Dawa town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Data from a total of 872 randomly sampled adults aged 25–64 years were obtained for analysis using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance instruments. We estimated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus disaggregated by the previous diabetes mellitus diagnosis status and by the current blood sugar level control status. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify correlates of diabetes mellitus, along with STATA version 14.2 for data management and analysis. All statistical tests were declared significant at p-value < 0.05. Results: 14.9% (95% confidence interval: 12.1, 17.4) of adults aged 25–64 years had diabetes mellitus in the study sample with 58.5% (95% confidence interval: 49.7, 66.7) on diabetes mellitus medication. Among adults currently taking diabetes mellitus medications, 30.3% (95% confidence interval: 19.8, 45.6) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The magnitude of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.8, 8.0) in the study sample and 41.5% (95% confidence interval: 33.3, 50.3) among the diabetics. The odds of diabetes mellitus were higher among adults over the age of 55 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 3.6), currently married adults (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 4.4), and overweight adults (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.1). Adults with primary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.8) and no formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.9) had lower odds of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults was high in Dire Dawa, with a third of the diabetics having poor control of their blood sugar levels and, nearly four in ten were previously undiagnosed. Adults who were overweight, currently married, and those over 55 years need to be targeted for regular diabetes health checkups and community-based screening. Also, a mechanism should be instituted to track a patient’s adherence to medications and promote diabetes self-care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Hawulte Ayele
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hirbo Shore Roba
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Shunu Beyene
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.,Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Melkamu Merid Mengesha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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He Y, Chiang C, Gebremariam LW, Hirakawa Y, Yatsuya H, Aoyama A. Factors Associated With Prediabetes and Diabetes Among Public Employees in Northern Ethiopia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 33:242-250. [PMID: 33289398 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520974848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing burden of diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health challenges in African countries, including Ethiopia. This is the first study aimed to identify factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes defined by both fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in Ethiopians. We analyzed data of a cross-sectional survey (1372 adults aged 25-64 years) conducted between October 2015 and February 2016; multinomial logistic regression models were applied. Abdominal obesity, total cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were independently associated with prediabetes and diabetes in both sexes. Increased triglycerides and religious fasting practices were independently associated with prediabetes and diabetes only in men; hypertension was associated with prediabetes and diabetes only in women, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with prediabetes and diabetes in either sex. Sex differences in the association of triglycerides, hypertension, and dietary habit suggest that different approaches of lifestyle modification may be required for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuko Aoyama
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
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13
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Dessie G, Mulugeta H, Amare D, Negesse A, Wagnew F, Getaneh T, Endalamew A, Adamu YW, Tadesse G, Workineh A, Lebu S. A systematic analysis on prevalence and sub-regional distribution of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in African countries. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1931-1941. [PMID: 33553047 PMCID: PMC7843872 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in Africa, the extent of undiagnosed diabetes in the region is still poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in Africa. METHODS We conducted a systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), identifying peer-reviewed research studies on the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adult individuals using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. We ran our search from June 1, 2018 to Jun 14, 2020. We extracted relevant data and presented descriptive summaries of the studies in tabular form. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's tests were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a trim and fill analysis in a random-effects model. RESULTS Our search identified 1442 studies amongst which 23 articles were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The average pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults was 3.85 (95% CI: 3.10-4.60). The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus based on geographic location was 4.43 (95% CI: 3.12-5.74) in Eastern Africa; 4.72 (95% CI: 2.64-6.80) in Western Africa; 4.27 (95% CI: 1.77-6.76) in Northern Africa and 1.46 (95%CI: 0.57-2.34) in southern Africa respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Africa and suggest that it may be more prevalent in Western Africa than the rest of the regions. Given the high levels of undiagnosed diabetes in the Africa region, more attention should be paid to incorporating diabetes screening and treatment services into existing diabetes related programs to reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getenet Dessie
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahr Dar University, Bahr Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Mulugeta
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegne Amare
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahr Dar University, Bahr Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Negesse
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Wagnew
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Temsgen Getaneh
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Akililu Endalamew
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahr Dar University, Bahr Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Wubale Adamu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahr Dar University, Bahr Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Tadesse
- Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, School of public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahr Dar University, Bahr Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Workineh
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Sarah Lebu
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
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14
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Seifu Y, Tsegaw D, Haji Y, Ejeso A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Population in Hawassa Zuria Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4571-4579. [PMID: 33262629 PMCID: PMC7700083 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main health problems in unindustrialized countries. According to the International Diabetes Federation report, adults living with diabetes were growing from time to time globally. Worldwide, diabetes mellitus accounts for 8.8% (424.9 million) morbidity and 4 million deaths. Ethiopia is one of the countries frequently affected by the disease with about 2.567 million (5.2%) of its population affected with diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adult population in Hawassa Zuria Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. METHODS Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 15, 2019 among 519 adult population. A study participant was selected using a multistage sampling technique. We had employed the World Health Organization (WHO) stepwise method for non-communicable disease surveillance to collect the data. Fasting glucose meter was used from venous blood to test for blood glucose level. EPI info was used to enter and clean the data and the data were transported to SPSS for analysis. To assess associated factors with diabetes mellitus adjusted odds ratio (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was employed and p.value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 516 participants were included in the study. The diabetes mellitus prevalence was found to be 12.4% (95% CI: 9.5-15.2). Factors associated with diabetes mellitus were being obese [AOR=9.2, 95% CI:4.3, 19.8], hypertensive (AOR=3.8, 95% CI:1.75, 8.4), cigarette smoking (AOR=7.8, 95% CI: 3.45, 18.1) and high waist circumference (AOR=25, 95% CI:8.5, 79). CONCLUSION This study revealed that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be high, which was greater than the estimated national prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Obesity, hypertension, cigarette smoking and high waist circumference were determinant factors for diabetes mellitus. Appropriate actions such as creating community awareness on regular blood sugar testing and preventive measures are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Seifu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Tsegaw
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Yusuf Haji
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Ejeso
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Tesfaye Yunka T, Berhanu Mogas S, Zawdie B, Tamiru D, Tesfaye Y, Kebede A, Tadesse M, Kebede Gudina E, Sena Dadi L. The Hidden Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Community of Southwest Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2925-2933. [PMID: 32904561 PMCID: PMC7457551 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s269386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early detection of the unrecognized diabetes mellitus (DM) and its risk factors in the community is crucial to minimizing the burden of DM and associated complications. Hence, this study aimed to assess unrecognized DM and its relationship with behavioral characteristics, physical characteristics, and lipid profile among adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 915 adults in Jimma Town from June 17 to July 27, 2019. Physical measurements, lipid profile, and blood sugar levels were measured. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to assess predictors of unrecognized DM where adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association at P-value ≤05. RESULTS The prevalence of unrecognized DM and impaired glucose metabolism (pre-diabetes) were 3.1% (95% CI; 2.0-4.4) and 14.8% (95% CI; 12.5-17.2), respectively. The risk of unrecognized DM was higher among male participants (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.29), age group of 35 years and above (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.16, 10.27), and high waist circumference (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.72, 10.33). On the other hand, participants who perform sufficient physical activity (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.58) had low risk of undetected DM. CONCLUSION The prevalence of unrecognized diabetes mellitus was relatively high. Male sex, advanced age, physical inactivity, and high waist circumference were found to be predictors of unrecognized DM. Thus, awareness needs to be created among the community to practice regular physical activity and maintaining normal body weight. Additionally, screening of DM should be promoted for early detection, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belay Zawdie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Ayantu Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Tadesse
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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Dereje N, Earsido A, Temam L, Abebe A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:18. [PMID: 32140428 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Diabetes is a global public health problem, and its burden is rising, particularly in developing countries. However, limited data is available from sub-Sahara African communities to assess and monitor the disease burden. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diabetes in Hosanna, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 randomly selected adults in Hosanna. The study participants were recruited by multi-stage stratified sampling. A face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire was administered by trained nurses. Anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. Diabetes mellitus was considered when the fasting blood glucose level was ≥126 mg/dl on two separate measurements or when the participant self-reported a previous diagnosis of diabetes by healthcare providers or when the participant was currently receiving treatment for diabetes. Multi-variable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetes mellitus. Findings The overall prevalence of diabetes was found to be 5.7% (95% CI; 4.0-7.7), out of which more than one third (36%) were not aware of it prior to the survey. Nearly two thirds (61.1%) of the diabetic participants were also found to be hypertensive. In the multi-variable analysis, diabetes was associated with current alcohol use, sitting on average of more than 8 hours/day, abnormal BMI and being hypertensive. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes among the adult population in the town is alarming. If appropriate measures to address the burden are not emplaced, it might result in serious complications to the patients and unnecessarily high costs to the health system of the country. Active screening for raised blood glucose level should be given due consideration, particularly in the community setting. Designing health education programs on the importance of physical activity and the risks of alcohol use should also be considered.
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Asamoah EA, Obirikorang C, Acheampong E, Annani-Akollor ME, Laing EF, Owiredu EW, Anto EO. Heritability and Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3198671. [PMID: 32685554 PMCID: PMC7352126 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3198671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is observing an accelerating prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influenced by gene-environment interaction of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the heritability and genetic risk of T2DM in SSA. METHODS We reviewed all published articles on T2DM in SSA between January 2000 and December 2019 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that reported on the genetics and/or heritability of T2DM or indicators of glycaemia were included. Data extracted included the study design, records of family history, pattern and characteristics of inheritance, genetic determinants, and effects estimates. RESULTS The pattern and characteristics of T2DM heritability in SSA are preference for maternal aggregation, higher among first degree compared to second-degree relatives; early age-onset (<50 years), and inherited abnormalities of beta-cell function/mass. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 28.2% for the population with a positive family history (PFH) and 11.2% for the population with negative family history (NFH). The pooled odds ratio of the impact of PFH on T2DM was 3.29 (95% CI: 2.40-4.52). Overall, 28 polymorphisms in 17 genes have been investigated in relation with T2DM in SSA. Almost all studies used the candidate gene approach with most (45.8%) of genetic studies published between 2011 and 2015. Polymorphisms in ABCC8, Haptoglobin, KCNJ11, ACDC, ENPP1, TNF-α, and TCF7L2 were found to be associated with T2DM, with overlapping effect on specific cardiometabolic traits. Genome-wide studies identified ancestry-specific signals (AGMO-rs73284431, VT11A-rs17746147, and ZRANB3) and TCF7L2-rs7903146 as the only transferable genetic risk variants to SSA population. TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism was investigated in multiple studies with consistent effects and low-moderate statistical heterogeneity. Effect sizes were modestly strong [odds ratio = 6.17 (95% CI: 2.03-18.81), codominant model; 2.27 (95% CI: 1.50-3.44), additive model; 1.75 (95% CI: 1.18-2.59), recessive model]. Current evidence on the heritability and genetic markers of T2DM in SSA populations is limited and largely insufficient to reliably inform the genetic architecture of T2DM across SSA regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Adu Asamoah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Max Efui Annani-Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Edwin Ferguson Laing
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
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Janakiraman B, Abebe SM, Chala MB, Demissie SF. Epidemiology of General, Central Obesity and Associated Cardio-Metabolic Risks Among University Employees, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:343-353. [PMID: 32104031 PMCID: PMC7024788 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s235981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that middle and low-income countries such as Ethiopia are facing the growing epidemic of both communicable and non-communicable diseases creating a burden on their economy and healthcare system. The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases is attributed to sedentarism, lifestyle changes, nutritional transition, and the presence of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore this study was designed to assess the prevalence and association of overweight, obesity, and cardio-metabolic risks and to explore if there was any agreement among the anthropometric measurements among the academic employees of the University of Gondar, Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the WHO stepwise approach and recommendations on 381 academic staff of the university. In addition, physical measurements such as weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and biochemical measures such as blood pressure and fasting blood glucose level (peripheral blood samples by finger puncture) were measured using standardized tools. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 33.5 (95% CI: 32.7, 34.2) years. The prevalence of obesity among the study participants calculated by body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was 13.1%, 33.6%, 51.9%, and 58.5% respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was 4.7% among which 1.3% was not diagnosed prior to this study. About 53 (13.9%) of the study sample were found to be hypertensive (HTN) (6.3% known versus 29 7.6% newly diagnosed). Among the participants, 39.4% and 23.4% were found to be pre-hypertensive and pre-diabetic respectively. WC was significantly associated with hypertension (AOR = 5.14; 2.503, 9.72), pre-DM (AOR = 4.03; 2.974, 5.96), DM (AOR = 3.29; 1.099, 6.01). In addition, WHtR was significantly associated with Pre-HTN (AOR = 2.69; 1.49, 4.58), HTN (AOR = 2.066; 1.008, 6.31), and DM (AOR = 1.855; 0.76, 4.32). On the contrary, both WHR and general obesity measured by BMI were not significantly associated with pre-HTN, HTN, pre-DM and DM groups. CONCLUSION This study results revealed the variable prevalence between general obesity and the anthropometric indices (IDF cutoff) defining central obesity; WC, WHtR, and WHR among the participants. The result of this study suggests that the constructs of central obesity, not BMI has to be used to screen risks of cardio-metabolic risks among Ethiopians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Janakiraman
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gondar University Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Balamurugan Janakiraman Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gondar University Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Email
| | - Solomon Mekonnen Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Bayisa Chala
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gondar University Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Solomon Fasika Demissie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gondar University Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Bantie GM, Wondaye AA, Arike EB, Melaku MT, Ejigu ST, Lule A, Lingerew WM, Tamirat KS. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and associated factors among adult residents of Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030158. [PMID: 31676649 PMCID: PMC6830649 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated factors among adult inhabitants of Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia. DESIGN A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on adults (n=607) of Bahir Dar city from 10 March to 20 May 2018. MEASUREMENTS Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were taken from each participant. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) level was determined by samples taken early in the morning and readings of FBS≥126 mg/dL were classified as diabetes. The multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify the predictors of undiagnosed DM; adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI was computed to assess the strength of associations. RESULT The study revealed that the prevalence of undiagnosed DM was 10.2% with 95% CI 7.9 to 12.9. Ever checked blood glucose level (AOR=1.91, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.51), don't know the symptoms of diabetes (AOR=2.06, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.89), family history of DM (AOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.18) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR=1.98, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.60) were factors associated with undiagnosed DM. CONCLUSION The magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes was high. Family history of DM, ever checked blood glucose level, don't know about the symptoms of diabetes and overweight BMI were predictors of undiagnosed DM. Hence, screening and treatment are mandatory for high-risk groups. In addition, this study suggests frequent screening for those with family history and awareness creating about the disease for early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Efrem Beru Arike
- Public Health, GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Abel Lule
- Public Health, GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondemagegn Mulu Lingerew
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science,Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Koku Sisay Tamirat
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Asmelash D, Asmelash Y. The Burden of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Adult African Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4134937. [PMID: 31183383 PMCID: PMC6512017 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4134937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing in Africa. Type two diabetes may remain undetected for many years, leading to severe complications and healthcare costs. This underlines the importance of understanding the magnitude of undiagnosed diabetes in different populations of Africa. This study is intended to summarize and pool the results of community-based studies to provide a continental level estimate of the undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. METHODS We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, HINARI, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for community-based studies on diabetes mellitus in Africa. Descriptive information for the original studies was presented in a table, and the quantitative results were presented in forest plots. The Cochran's Q test and I 2 test statistic were used to test heterogeneity across studies. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and subgroup analyses within urban and rural population and diagnostic methods were computed by a random effects model from 2011 to 2017. RESULTS One hundred fifty-seven articles were identified through electronic searching using keywords. Of these, seventeen studies, with a total population of 20,350, met the inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in African population was 5.37% (95% CI: 4.57, 6.81). The pooled prevalence from subgroup analyses indicated that undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in the urban population (8.68%, 95% CI: 5.33, 12.03) is twice higher than that in the rural population (3.93%, 95% CI: 2.91, 4.95). The prevalence of UDM by OGTT (8.84%, 95% CI: 1.95, 15.73) was higher than that by the FPG diagnostic method (4.54%, 95% CI: 3.59, 5.49). CONCLUSION This study found high proportions of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in different communities of the African countries. Policy makers must consider diagnostic strategies to improve screening for the undiagnosed diabetes mellitus cases for effective care, which can bring about a substantial reduction in diabetes-related complications and mortality. This review is registered with PROSPERO registration number CRD42018092637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Asmelash
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Asmelash
- Department of Statistics, College of Computational and Natural Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Vascular disease is one of the top five causes of death and affects a variety of other diseases, such as heart, nervous system, and metabolic disorders. Vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of ischemia, cancer, and inflammatory diseases and can accelerate the progression of diseases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of noncoding RNAs with covalent bond ring structure, which have been reported to be abnormally expressed in many human diseases. circRNAs regulate gene expression through the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs) and can also be used as disease biomarkers. Here we will summarize the functions of circRNAs in vascular diseases, including vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus-related retinal vascular dysfunction, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, carotid atherosclerotic disease, hepatic vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma, aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Endomba FT, Ngouo A, Nkeck JR, Nyaga UF, Kaze AD, Bigna JJ. Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:588. [PMID: 30679752 PMCID: PMC6345945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to summarize existing data on the prevalence of active tobacco smoking among patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Africa. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and AJOL to include studies published from January 01, 2000 to August 23, 2017 reporting on the prevalence of active smoking in individuals aged ≥15 years with hypertension or diabetes mellitus residing inside Africa. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool studies. The pooled prevalence of active smoking among patients with hypertension or diabetes was 12.9% (95%CI: 10.6–15.3; 50 studies; 16,980 patients) and 12.9% (95%CI: 9.6–16.6; 42 studies; 18,564 patients), respectively. For both conditions, the prevalence of active smoking was higher in males than in females (p < 0.001), and in Northern compared to sub-Saharan Africa (p < 0.001). There was no difference between urban and rural settings, and between community-based and hospital-based studies, except for patients with diabetes for whom the prevalence was higher in hospital-based studies (p = 0.032). The prevalence of active smoking is high among patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Africa, with the heaviest burden in Northern Africa. Interventions for smoking prevention or cessation should be implemented in these high risk populations, targeting particularly the males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francky Teddy Endomba
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Anderson Ngouo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jan René Nkeck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ulrich Flore Nyaga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Arnaud D Kaze
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Endris T, Worede A, Asmelash D. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, Prediabetes and Its Associated Factors in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2799-2809. [PMID: 32021343 PMCID: PMC6942533 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s225854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is becoming an epidemic public health problem in developing countries such as Ethiopia. As the International Diabetes Federation indicates, the number of adults living with diabetes globally has been increasing from time to time. If early screening and follow-up are done, diabetes is a manageable disease. However, diabetes study at the community level in Ethiopia is limited and scarce. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the current prevalence of DM, prediabetes and its associated factors in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 among people aged 18 years and above in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 587 study participants. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristic data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were used to determine the level of blood glucose and lipid profile. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes was 6.8% (95% CI 4.9-9.0) and 15.7% (95% CI 12.9-18.7), respectively. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 72.5%. Positive family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR: 20.24, 95% CI 4.74-86.43), smoking habit (AOR: 12.12, 95% CI 2.30-63.73), overweight (AOR: 21.95, 95% CI 6.73-71.603), systolic hypertension (AOR: 4.61, 95% CI 1.09-19.50) and hypercholesterolemia (AOR: 8.97, 95% CI 2.05-39.23) were significantly associated with diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes was associated with advanced age (AOR: 3.55, 95% CI 1.16-10.79), marital status (single) (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI 1.40-6.67), educational status (illiterate) (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.04-5.35) and overweight (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI 1.05-4.23). CONCLUSION There was a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. In addition, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was high in our study area. Therefore, targeting the control and prevention strategy to such modifiable risk factors associated with diabetes and prediabetes may contribute to the reduction of the prevalence and further complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyba Endris
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Worede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asmelash
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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