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Zeppilli D, Aldinio-Colbachini A, Ribaudo G, Tubaro C, Dalla Tiezza M, Bortoli M, Zagotto G, Orian L. Antioxidant Chimeric Molecules: Are Chemical Motifs Additive? The Case of a Selenium-Based Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11797. [PMID: 37511560 PMCID: PMC10380222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We set up an in silico experiment and designed a chimeric compound integrating molecular features from different efficient ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavengers, with the purpose of investigating potential relationships between molecular structure and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, a selenium centre was inserted due to its known capacity to reduce hydroperoxides, acting as a molecular mimic of glutathione peroxidase; finally, since this organoselenide is a precursor of a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, its Au(I) carbene complex was designed and examined. A validated protocol based on DFT (Density Functional Theory) was employed to investigate the radical scavenging activity of available sites on the organoselenide precursor ((SMD)-M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p)//M06-2X/6-31G(d)), as well as on the organometallic complex ((SMD)-M06-2X/SDD (Au), 6-311+G(d,p)//ZORA-BLYP-D3(BJ)/TZ2P), considering HAT (Hydrogen Atom Transfer) and RAF (Radical Adduct Formation) regarding five different radicals. The results of this case study suggest that the antioxidant potential of chemical motifs should not be considered as an additive property when designing a chimeric compound, but rather that the relevance of a molecular topology is derived from a chemical motif combined with an opportune chemical space of the molecule. Thus, the direct contributions of single functional groups which are generally thought of as antioxidants per se do not guarantee the efficient radical scavenging potential of a molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zeppilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Aldinio-Colbachini
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, BIP, IMM, IM2B, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Georgieva MK, Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Yancheva D. Radical Scavenging Mechanisms of 1-Arylhydrazone Benzimidazole Hybrids with Neuroprotective Activity. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4364-4373. [PMID: 37163390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-arylhydrazone hybrids showed promising potential as multifunctional drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroprotection studies conducted using an in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on the SH-SY5Y cell line revealed a remarkable activity of the compound possessing a vanilloid structural fragment. The cell viability was preserved up to 84% and this effect was significantly higher than the one exerted by the reference compounds melatonin and rasagiline. Another compound with a catecholic moiety demonstrated the second-best neuroprotective activity. Computational studies were further conducted to characterize in depth the antioxidant properties of both compounds. The possible radical scavenging mechanisms were estimated as well as the most reactive sites through which the compounds may deactivate a variety of free radicals. Both of the compounds are able to deactivate not only the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals but also alkoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, following hydrogen atom transfer or radical adduct formation mechanism. In nonpolar medium, 3e is predicted to react slightly faster than 3a with alkoxyl radicals and around two orders of magnitude faster than 3a with hydroperoxyl radicals. The most reactive sites for formal hydrogen atom transfer in 3a are the meta-hydroxy group in the phenyl ring in water and the amide N-H group in benzene; in 3e, the amide N-H group is more reactive in both solvents. The radical adduct formation can occur at several positions in 3a and 3e, the most active being C4, C6, and C14. The stability of the formed radicals was estimated by NBO calculations. The NBO calculations indicated that the spin density in the radicals formed by the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the amide groups of both compounds is delocalized over the phenyl ring and the hydrazone chain. The obtained theoretical data for the better radical scavenging ability of the vanilloid hybrid corroborate its experimentally established better neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena K Georgieva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Tzoneva R, Yancheva D. New Indole-3-Propionic Acid and 5-Methoxy-Indole Carboxylic Acid Derived Hydrazone Hybrids as Multifunctional Neuroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040977. [PMID: 37107353 PMCID: PMC10135567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the known neuroprotective properties of indole compounds and the promising potential of hydrazone derivatives, two series of aldehyde-heterocyclic hybrids combining those pharmacophores were synthesized as new multifunctional neuroprotectors. The obtained derivatives of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and 5-methoxy-indole carboxylic acid (5MICA) had good safety profiles: Hemolytic effects < 5% (200 μM) and IC50 > 150 µM were found in the majority of the SH-SY5Y and bEnd3 cell lines. The 2,3-dihydroxy, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy, and syringaldehyde derivatives of 5MICA exhibited the strongest neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat-brain synaptosomes. All the compounds suppressed the iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The hydroxyl derivatives were also the most active in terms of deoxyribose-degradation inhibition, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxy derivatives were able to decrease the superoxide-anion generation. Both series of compounds showed an increased inhibition of hMAO-B, with greater expression detected in the 5MICA hybrids. The in vitro BBB model with the bEnd3 cell line showed that some compounds increased the permeability of the endothelial monolayer while maintaining the tight junctions. The combined results demonstrated that the derivatives of IPA and 5MICA showed strong neuroprotective, antioxidant, MAO-B inhibitory activity and could be considered as prospective multifunctional compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str.,1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Xing M, Li G, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ding J, Lu M, Yu G, Hu G. Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction through targeting ATP5F1a. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120470. [PMID: 36657849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Fucoidan, which has emerged as a neuroprotective agent, is a marine-origin sulfated polysaccharide enriched in brown algae and sea cucumbers. However, variations in structural characteristics exist among fucoidans derived from different sources, resulting in a wide spectrum of biological effects. It is urgent to find the fucoidan with the strongest neuroprotective effect, and the mechanism needs to be further explored. We isolated and purified four different fucoidan species with different chemical structures and found that Type II fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus (FvF) significantly improved mitochondrial dysfunction, prevented neuronal apoptosis, reduced dopaminergic neuron loss, and improved motor deficits in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that the ATP5F1a protein is a key target responsible for alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction of FvF to exert neuroprotective effects. This study highlights the favorable properties of FvF for neuroprotection, making FvF a promising candidate for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Youjiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuruo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China.
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I. Targeting the oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders with multifunctional benzimidazole and indole hybrids. Maced Pharm Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str.,1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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6
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Roy S, Sen S, Saha S, Deb SK, Singh B, Biswas G. Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of 5-fluoro 1-aryl/alkyl sulfonyl benzimidazole derivatives for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2150852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Samiran Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhagat Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Goutam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
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7
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Ullah A, Al Kury LT, Althobaiti YS, Ali T, Shah FAL. Benzimidazole Derivatives as New Potential NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors That Provide Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3873-3890. [PMID: 35845091 PMCID: PMC9286489 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s351913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study investigated the effect of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivatives against ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. According to evidence, ethanol consumption may cause a severe insult to the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in mental retardation, neuronal degeneration, and oxidative stress. Targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may be a useful strategy for preventing ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Methodology Firstly, the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to molecular simulation and docking in order to predict ligand binding status. Later, for in vivo observations, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used for studying behavioral and oxidative stress markers. ELIZA kits were used to analyse tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), nuclear factor-B (NF-B), interleukin (IL-18), and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) expression, while Western blotting was used to measure IL-1 and Caspase-1 expression. Results Our findings suggested that altered levels of antioxidant enzymes were associated with elevated levels of TNF-α, NF-B, IL-1, IL-18, Caspase-1, and NLRP3 in the ethanol-treated group. Furthermore, ethanol also caused memory impairment in rats, as measured by behavioural tests. Pretreatment using selected benzimidazole significantly increased the combat of the brain against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The neuroprotective effects of benzimidazole derivatives were promoted by their free radical scavenging activity, augmentation of endogenous antioxidant proteins (GST, GSH), and amelioration of lipid peroxide (LPO) and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Molecular docking and molecular simulation studies further supported our hypothesis that the synthetic compounds Ca and Cb had an excellent binding affinity with proper bond formation with their targets (TNF-α and NLRP3). Conclusion It is revealed that these benzimidazole derivatives can reduce ethanol-induced neuronal toxicity by regulating the expression of cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, and the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Ali
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fawad ALi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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8
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Khalil TE, Soliman SM, Khalil NA, El‐Dissouky A, Foro S, Ali M, Barakat A. Self‐assembly of unexpected [Mn(2‐(1‐hydrazonoethyl)pyridine)Cl
2
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n
1D coordination polymer: Synthesis, structural elucidation, and biological studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek E. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Saied M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Nessma A. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ali El‐Dissouky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Sabine Foro
- FB Material Wissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung Technische Universitaet Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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9
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Rendić SP, Crouch RD, Guengerich FP. Roles of selected non-P450 human oxidoreductase enzymes in protective and toxic effects of chemicals: review and compilation of reactions. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2145-2246. [PMID: 35648190 PMCID: PMC9159052 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compounds, and other (general) chemicals catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), and molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)), including roles as substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of the enzymes. The metabolism and bioactivation of selected examples of each group (i.e., drugs, “general chemicals,” natural products, and physiological compounds) are discussed. We identified a higher fraction of bioactivation reactions for FMO enzymes compared to other enzymes, predominately involving drugs and general chemicals. With MAO enzymes, physiological compounds predominate as substrates, and some products lead to unwanted side effects or illness. AOX and XOR enzymes are molybdenum hydroxylases that catalyze the oxidation of various heteroaromatic rings and aldehydes and the reduction of a number of different functional groups. While neither of these two enzymes contributes substantially to the metabolism of currently marketed drugs, AOX has become a frequently encountered route of metabolism among drug discovery programs in the past 10–15 years. XOR has even less of a role in the metabolism of clinical drugs and preclinical drug candidates than AOX, likely due to narrower substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
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10
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Anastassova N, Aluani D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Tzankova V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Yancheva D. Study on the Neuroprotective, Radical-Scavenging and MAO-B Inhibiting Properties of New Benzimidazole Arylhydrazones as Potential Multi-Target Drugs for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:884. [PMID: 35624746 PMCID: PMC9138090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributing factor in the complex degenerating cascade in Parkinson's disease. The inhibition of MAO-B affords higher dopamine bioavailability and stops ROS formation. The incorporation of hydroxy and methoxy groups in the arylhydrazone moiety of a new series of 1,3-disubstituted benzimidazole-2-thiones could increase the neuroprotective activity. In vitro safety evaluation on SH-SY5Y cells and rat brain synaptosomes showed a strong safety profile. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects were evaluated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress on SH-SY5Y cells and in a model of 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain synaptosomes, where the dihydroxy compounds 3h and 3i demonstrated the most robust neuroprotective and antioxidant activity, more pronounced than the reference melatonin and rasagiline. Statistically significant MAO-B inhibitory effects were exerted by some of the compounds where again the catecholic compound 3h was the most potent inhibitor similar to selegiline and rasagiline. The most potent antioxidant effect in the ferrous iron induced lipid peroxidation assay was observed for the three catechols-3h and 3j, 3q. The catecholic compound 3h showed scavenging capability against superoxide radicals and antioxidant effect in the iron/deoxyribose system. The study outlines a perspective multifunctional compound with the best safety profile, neuroprotective, antioxidant and MAO-B inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Denitsa Aluani
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
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Abstract
Melatonin is a simple compound with a proper chemical name N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine and known as a hormone controlling circadian rhythm. Humans produce melatonin at night which is the reason for sleeping in the night and awakening over the day. Melatonin interacts with melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 but it was also revealed that melatonin is a strong antioxidant and it also has a role in regulation of cell cycle. Currently, melatonin is used as a drug for some types of sleep disorder but the recent research points to the fact that melatonin can also serve for the other purposes including prophylaxis or therapy of lifestyle diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and exposure to chemicals. This review summarizes basic facts and direction of the current research on melatonin. The actual literature was scrutinized for the purpose of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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Krishnendu P R, Koyiparambath VP, Bhaskar V, Arjun B, Zachariah SM. Formulating The Structural Aspects Of Various Benzimidazole Cognates. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:473-492. [PMID: 34852738 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211201122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzimidazole derivatives are widely used in clinical practice as potential beneficial specialists. Recently, the neuroprotective effect of derivatives of benzimidazole moiety has also shown positive outcomes. OBJECTIVE To develop favourable molecules for various neurodegenerative disorders using the versatile chemical behaviour of the benzimidazole scaffold. METHODS About 25 articles were collected that discussed various benzimidazole derivatives and categorized them under various subheadings based on the targets such as BACE 1, JNK, MAO, choline esterase enzyme, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in which they act. The structural aspects of various benzimidazole derivatives were also studied. CONCLUSION To manage various neurodegenerative disorders, a multitargeted approach will be the most hopeful stratagem. Some benzimidazole derivatives can be considered for future studies, which are mentioned in the discussed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu P R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi- 682041, Kerala. India
| | - Vishal Payyalot Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi- 682041, Kerala. India
| | - Vaishnav Bhaskar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi- 682041, Kerala. India
| | - B Arjun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi- 682041, Kerala. India
| | - Subin Mary Zachariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi- 682041, Kerala. India
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Brishty SR, Hossain MJ, Khandaker MU, Faruque MRI, Osman H, Rahman SMA. A Comprehensive Account on Recent Progress in Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762807. [PMID: 34803707 PMCID: PMC8597275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules have attracted a great deal of interest among medicinal chemists. Among these potential heterocyclic drugs, benzimidazole scaffolds are considerably prevalent. Due to their isostructural pharmacophore of naturally occurring active biomolecules, benzimidazole derivatives have significant importance as chemotherapeutic agents in diverse clinical conditions. Researchers have synthesized plenty of benzimidazole derivatives in the last decades, amidst a large share of these compounds exerted excellent bioactivity against many ailments with outstanding bioavailability, safety, and stability profiles. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the bioactivity of the benzimidazole derivatives reported in recent literature (2012-2021) with their available structure-activity relationship. Compounds bearing benzimidazole nucleus possess broad-spectrum pharmacological properties ranging from common antibacterial effects to the world's most virulent diseases. Several promising therapeutic candidates are undergoing human trials, and some of these are going to be approved for clinical use. However, notable challenges, such as drug resistance, costly and tedious synthetic methods, little structural information of receptors, lack of advanced software, and so on, are still viable to be overcome for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejuti Rahman Brishty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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