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Martinez P, Baghli I, Gourjon G, Seyfried TN. Mitochondrial-Stem Cell Connection: Providing Additional Explanations for Understanding Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:229. [PMID: 38668357 PMCID: PMC11051897 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer paradigm is generally based on the somatic mutation model, asserting that cancer is a disease of genetic origin. The mitochondrial-stem cell connection (MSCC) proposes that tumorigenesis may result from an alteration of the mitochondria, specifically a chronic oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) insufficiency in stem cells, which forms cancer stem cells (CSCs) and leads to malignancy. Reviewed evidence suggests that the MSCC could provide a comprehensive understanding of all the different stages of cancer. The metabolism of cancer cells is altered (OxPhos insufficiency) and must be compensated by using the glycolysis and the glutaminolysis pathways, which are essential to their growth. The altered mitochondria regulate the tumor microenvironment, which is also necessary for cancer evolution. Therefore, the MSCC could help improve our understanding of tumorigenesis, metastases, the efficiency of standard treatments, and relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Martinez
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 84140 Montfavet, France;
| | - Ilyes Baghli
- International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine, Toronto, ON M4B 3M9, Canada;
| | - Géraud Gourjon
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 84140 Montfavet, France;
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Zhang X, Du W, Huang X, Zhong H, Hu N. An overview of current research on cancer stem cells: a bibliometric analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03486-5. [PMID: 38625493 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a potential mechanism contributing to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. The objective of this study is to investigate the status quo and advancements in CSC research utilizing bibliometric analysis. METHODS Publications related to CSCs from 2010 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Various analytical tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and GraphPad Prism were used to visualize aspects such as co-authorship, co-occurrence, and co-citation within CSC research to provide an objective depiction of the contemporary status and developmental trajectory of the CSC field. RESULTS A total of 22,116 publications were included from 1942 journals written by 95,992 authors. Notably, China emerged as the country with the highest number of publications, whereas the United States exerted the most significant influence within the field. MD Anderson Cancer Center emerged as the institution making the most comprehensive contributions. Wicha M.S. emerged as the most prolific and influential researcher. Among journals, Cancers emerged as a focal point for CSC research, consistently publishing a wealth of high-quality papers. Furthermore, it was observed that most journals tended to approach CSC research from molecular, biological, and immunological perspectives. The research into CSCs encompassed a broad array of topics, including isolation and enrichment techniques, biomarkers, biological characteristics, cancer therapy strategies, and underlying biological regulatory mechanisms. Notably, exploration of the tumor microenvironment and extracellular vesicles emerged as burgeoning research frontiers for CSCs. CONCLUSION The research on CSCs has garnered growing interest. A trend toward multidisciplinary homogeneity is emerging within the realm of CSCs. Further investigation could potentially center on the patients of extracellular vesicles and the tumor microenvironment in relation to CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Zhang
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenbo Du
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haoting Zhong
- International Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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MacLean MR, Walker OL, Arun RP, Fernando W, Marcato P. Informed by Cancer Stem Cells of Solid Tumors: Advances in Treatments Targeting Tumor-Promoting Factors and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4102. [PMID: 38612911 PMCID: PMC11012648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation within tumors that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence due to their self-renewal capacity and resistance to conventional therapies. CSC-specific markers and signaling pathways highly active in CSCs have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets associated with CSCs of solid tumors across various cancer types, including key molecular markers aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, and CD133 and signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog. We discuss a wide array of therapeutic modalities ranging from targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy to advanced genetic approaches like RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer cells, bispecific T cell engagers, immunotoxins, drug-antibody conjugates, therapeutic peptides, and dendritic cell vaccines. This review spans developments from preclinical investigations to ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the innovative targeting strategies that have been informed by CSC-associated pathways and molecules to overcome therapeutic resistance. We aim to provide insights into the potential of these therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment, underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach in the battle against cancer. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates how advances made in the CSC field have informed significant developments in novel targeted therapeutic approaches, with the ultimate goal of achieving more effective and durable responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R. MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Olivia L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Raj Pranap Arun
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Kwiatkowska K, Marques-da-Silva D, Lagoa R. Cancer Stem Cells from Definition to Detection and Targeted Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3903. [PMID: 38612718 PMCID: PMC11011379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain the second leading cause of mortality in the world. Preclinical and clinical studies point an important role of cancer/leukaemia stem cells (CSCs/LSCs) in the colonisation at secondary organ sites upon metastatic spreading, although the precise mechanisms for specific actions are still not fully understood. Reviewing the present knowledge on the crucial role of CSCs/LSCs, their plasticity, and population heterogeneity in treatment failures in cancer patients is timely. Standard chemotherapy, which acts mainly on rapidly dividing cells, is unable to adequately affect CSCs with a low proliferation rate. One of the proposed mechanisms of CSC resistance to anticancer agents is the fact that these cells can easily shift between different phases of the cell cycle in response to typical cell stimuli induced by anticancer drugs. In this work, we reviewed the recent studies on CSC/LSC alterations associated with disease recurrence, and we systematised the functional assays, markers, and novel methods for CSCs screening. This review emphasises CSCs' involvement in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as CSC/LSC targeting by synthetic and natural compounds aiming at their elimination or modulation of stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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Liu L, Zhao T, Zheng S, Tang D, Han H, Yang C, Zheng X, Wang J, Ma J, Wei W, Wang Z, He S, He Q. METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 impairs tumor progression and enhances sensitivity to anlotinib in OSCC. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38376115 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the inhibitory effects of STM2457, which is a novel METTL3 (m6 A writer) inhibitor, both as a monotherapy and in combination with anlotinib, in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of STM2457 or STM2457 plus anlotinib was evaluated using two OSCC cell lines by CCK8, transwell, colony formation, would-healing, sphere formation, cell cycle, apoptosis assays, and nude mice tumor xenograft techniques. The molecular mechanism study was carried out by western blotting, qRT-PCR, MeRIP-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS STM2457 combined with anlotinib enhanced inhibition of cellular survival/proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, this combinatorial approach exerted a notable reduction in stemness properties and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) features of OSCC cells. Remarkably, in vivo studies validated the efficacy of the combination treatment. Mechanistically, our investigations revealed that the combined action of STM2457 and anlotinib exerted downregulatory effects on EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) expression in OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The combination of STM2457 and anlotinib targeting EGFR exerted a multiple anti-tumor effect. In near future, anlotinib combined with STM2457 may provide a novel insight for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Siyi Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianting He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zeng Z, Fu M, Hu Y, Wei Y, Wei X, Luo M. Regulation and signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: implications for targeted therapy for cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:172. [PMID: 37853437 PMCID: PMC10583419 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), initially identified in leukemia in 1994, constitute a distinct subset of tumor cells characterized by surface markers such as CD133, CD44, and ALDH. Their behavior is regulated through a complex interplay of networks, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, epigenetic, tumor microenvironment (TME), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors. Numerous signaling pathways were found to be involved in the regulatory network of CSCs. The maintenance of CSC characteristics plays a pivotal role in driving CSC-associated tumor metastasis and conferring resistance to therapy. Consequently, CSCs have emerged as promising targets in cancer treatment. To date, researchers have developed several anticancer agents tailored to specifically target CSCs, with some of these treatment strategies currently undergoing preclinical or clinical trials. In this review, we outline the origin and biological characteristics of CSCs, explore the regulatory networks governing CSCs, discuss the signaling pathways implicated in these networks, and investigate the influential factors contributing to therapy resistance in CSCs. Finally, we offer insights into preclinical and clinical agents designed to eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Minyang Fu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
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7
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Khademi R, Malekzadeh H, Bahrami S, Saki N, Khademi R, Villa-Diaz LG. Regulation and Functions of α6-Integrin (CD49f) in Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3466. [PMID: 37444576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, our knowledge of integrins has evolved from being understood as simple cell surface adhesion molecules to receptors that have a complex range of intracellular and extracellular functions, such as delivering chemical and mechanical signals to cells. Consequently, they actively control cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of integrin signaling is a major factor in the development and progression of many tumors. Many reviews have covered the broader integrin family in molecular and cellular studies and its roles in diseases. Nevertheless, further understanding of the mechanisms specific to an individual subunit of different heterodimers is more useful. Thus, we describe the current understanding of and exploratory investigations on the α6-integrin subunit (CD49f, VLA6; encoded by the gene itga6) in normal and cancer cells. The roles of ITGA6 in cell adhesion, stemness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, and as a diagnosis biomarker, are discussed. The role of ITGA6 differs based on several features, such as cell background, cancer type, and post-transcriptional alterations. In addition, exosomal ITGA6 also implies metastatic organotropism. The importance of ITGA6 in the progression of a number of cancers, including hematological malignancies, suggests its potential usage as a novel prognostic or diagnostic marker and useful therapeutic target for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Khademi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno_TACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Hossein Malekzadeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Sara Bahrami
- Resident of Restorative Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Reyhane Khademi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno_TACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Fan L, Wang X, Cheng C, Wang S, Li X, Cui J, Zhang B, Shi L. Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Ursolic Acid on Cisplatin-Induced Resistance and Stemness in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023; 2023:1307323. [PMID: 37089712 PMCID: PMC10121351 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1307323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate of lung cancer patients remains low largely due to chemotherapy resistance during treatment, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) may hold the key to targeting this resistance. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug commonly used in cancer treatment, yet the mechanisms of intrinsic cisplatin resistance have not yet been determined because lung CSCs are hard to identify. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism relating to the function of ursolic acid (UA), a new drug, in reversing the cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells regulated by CSCs. Human lung cancer cell line A549 was selected as the model cell and treated to become a cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cell line (A549-CisR), which was less sensitive to cisplatin and showed an enhanced capability of tumor sphere formation. Furthermore, in the A549-CisR cell line expression, levels of pluripotent stem cell transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2, and c-Myc were increased, and activation of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway was promoted. When UA was applied to the cisplatin-resistant cells, levels of the pluripotent stem cell transcription factors were restrained by the inhibition of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, which reduced the enrichment of tumor stem cells, and in turn, reversed cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. Hence, as a potential antitumor drug, UA may be able to inhibit the enrichment of the lung CSC population by inhibiting the activation of the Jak2-Stat3 pathway and preventing the resistance of lung cancer cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Fan
- Department of Respiratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Weifang Inspection and Testing Center, Weifang 261100, China
| | - Congcong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou 262500, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- Intravenous Drug Dispensing Center, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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9
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Kouba S, Hague F, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Crosstalk between Ca2+ Signaling and Cancer Stemness: The Link to Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810687. [PMID: 36142596 PMCID: PMC9503744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against cancer, therapeutic strategies using cisplatin are severely limited by the appearance of a resistant phenotype. While cisplatin is usually efficient at the beginning of the treatment, several patients endure resistance to this agent and face relapse. One of the reasons for this resistant phenotype is the emergence of a cell subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Due to their quiescent phenotype and self-renewal abilities, these cells have recently been recognized as a crucial field of investigation in cancer and treatment resistance. Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) through Ca2+ channel activity are essential for many cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in various cell types. It is now proved that altered Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of cancer, and several Ca2+ channels have been linked to CSC functions and therapy resistance. Moreover, cisplatin was shown to interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis; thus, it is considered likely that cisplatin-induced aberrant Ca2+ signaling is linked to CSCs biology and, therefore, therapy failure. The molecular signature defining the resistant phenotype varies between tumors, and the number of resistance mechanisms activated in response to a range of pressures dictates the global degree of cisplatin resistance. However, if we can understand the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ to cisplatin-induced resistance and CSC behaviors, alternative and novel therapeutic strategies could be considered. In this review, we examine how cisplatin interferes with Ca2+ homeostasis in tumor cells. We also summarize how cisplatin induces CSC markers in cancer. Finally, we highlight the role of Ca2+ in cancer stemness and focus on how they are involved in cisplatin-induced resistance through the increase of cancer stem cell populations and via specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 81016, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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10
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Safa AR. Drug and apoptosis resistance in cancer stem cells: a puzzle with many pieces. Cancer Drug Resist 2022; 5:850-872. [PMID: 36627897 PMCID: PMC9771762 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality. Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. Similarly, their close relationship with the tumor microenvironment creates greater complexity in developing novel treatment strategies targeting CSCs. Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCs in various cancers. These include enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters, activation of various cytoprotective and survival signaling pathways, dysregulation of stemness signaling pathways, aberrant DNA repair mechanisms, increased quiescence, autophagy, increased immune evasion, deficiency of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP [cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein], Bcl-2 family members, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. Several studies have identified promising strategies to target CSCs. These emerging strategies may help target CSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis in clinical settings. This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Safa
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. E-mail:
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11
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer-A Source of Tumor Success and a Challenging Target for Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052496. [PMID: 35269636 PMCID: PMC8910575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal neoplasm of the female genital organs. Despite indisputable progress in the treatment of ovarian cancer, the problems of chemo-resistance and recurrent disease are the main obstacles for successful therapy. One of the main reasons for this is the presence of a specific cell population of cancer stem cells. The aim of this review is to show the most contemporary knowledge concerning the biology of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and their impact on chemo-resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, as well as to present the treatment options targeted exclusively on the OCSCs. The review presents data concerning the role of cancer stem cells in general and then concentrates on OCSCs. The surface and intracellular OCSCs markers and their meaning both for cancer biology and clinical prognosis, signaling pathways specifically activated in OCSCs, the genetic and epigenetic regulation of OCSCs function including the recent studies on the non-coding RNA regulation, cooperation between OCSCs and the tumor microenvironment (ovarian cancer niche) including very specific environment such as ascites fluid, the role of shear stress, autophagy and metabolic changes for the function of OCSCs, and finally mechanisms of OCSCs escape from immune surveillance, are described and discussed extensively. The possibilities of anti-OCSCs therapy both in experimental settings and in clinical trials are presented, including the recent II phase clinical trials and immunotherapy. OCSCs are a unique population of cancer cells showing a great plasticity, self-renewal potential and resistance against anti-cancer treatment. They are responsible for the progression and recurrence of the tumor. Several completed and ongoing clinical trials have tested different anti-OCSCs drugs which, however, have shown unsatisfactory efficacy in most cases. We propose a novel approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
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12
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Silapech A, Racha S, Aksorn N, Lafauy P, Tungsukruthai S, Vinayanuwattikun C, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Pongol Methyl Ether Inhibits Akt and Suppresses Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes in Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1085. [PMID: 34832867 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important therapeutic target. The therapeutic agents targeting CSCs should lead to improved clinical outcomes. Here we have demonstrated the CSC-suppressing activity of pongol methyl ether (PME), a pure compound from Millettia erythrocalyx. METHODS CSC-suppressing effects were evaluated by spheroid formation assay and detection of CSC markers. The related CSC cell signals were evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and molecular docking analysis. Proteins affected by PME treatment were subjected to bioinformatic analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mapper were used to confirm the underlying pathways. RESULTS PME (5-25 µM) significantly suppressed the ability of lung cancer cells to form colonies, grow in an anchorage-independent manner and generate tumour spheroids. PME at 25 µM significantly decreased the CSC markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1) and pluripotent transcription factors (Oct4 and Nanog). Akt, the key upstream signal of CSC control, was significantly decreased by the PME treatment. The molecular docking indicated that PME was bound to Akt-1 with a binding affinity of -9.2 kcal/mol greater than the Akt-1 inhibitor (reference compound; CQW). The STITCH network identified a total of 15 proteins interacted in PPI networks, and Akt-1 was identified as a central protein. The KEGG mapper indicated that the selected CSC markers were mostly involved in the 'signalling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells' pathway map and Akt, Oct4 and Nanog were the regulatory proteins in the dominant pathway. In addition, PME (10-25 µM) can suppress spheroid formation and reduce CSC-specific marker expression in patient-derived primary lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a novel pharmacological effect and the underlying mechanism of PME that can attenuate CSC phenotypes in lung cancer cells and may be developed for lung cancer therapy.
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13
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Gowrikumar S, Primeaux M, Pravoverov K, Wu C, Szeglin BC, Sauvé CEG, Thapa I, Bastola D, Chen XS, Smith JJ, Singh AB, Dhawan P. A Claudin-Based Molecular Signature Identifies High-Risk, Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092211. [PMID: 34571860 PMCID: PMC8466455 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying molecular characteristics that are associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes through gene expression profiling can help predict treatment responses and clinical outcomes. Claudins are deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In CRC, increased claudin-1 expression results in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, while claudin-7 functions as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we have developed a molecular signature based on claudin-1 and claudin-7 associated with poor patient survival and chemoresistance. This signature was validated using an integrated approach including publicly available datasets and CRC samples from patients who either responded or did not respond to standard-of-care treatment, CRC cell lines, and patient-derived rectal and colon tumoroids. Transcriptomic analysis from a patient dataset initially yielded 23 genes that were differentially expressed along with higher claudin-1 and decreased claudin-7. From this analysis, we selected a claudins-associated molecular signature including PIK3CA, SLC6A6, TMEM43, and ASAP-1 based on their importance in CRC. The upregulation of these genes and their protein products was validated using multiple CRC patient datasets, in vitro chemoresistant cell lines, and patient-derived tumoroid models. Additionally, blocking these genes improved 5-FU sensitivity in chemoresistant CRC cells. Our findings propose a new claudin-based molecular signature that associates with poor prognosis as well as characteristics of treatment-resistant CRC including chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Mark Primeaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Kristina Pravoverov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bryan C. Szeglin
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Charles-Etienne Gabriel Sauvé
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- College of Information Science & Technology, University of Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (I.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Dhundy Bastola
- College of Information Science & Technology, University of Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (I.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.W.); (B.C.S.); (C.-E.G.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.G.); (M.P.); (K.P.); (A.B.S.)
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(402)-559-6587
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14
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Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Puthongking P, Chawjarean V, Harikarnpakdee S, Sukprasansap M, Chanvorachote P, Priprem A, Govitrapong P. Melatonin and its derivative disrupt cancer stem-like phenotypes of lung cancer cells via AKT downregulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1712-1723. [PMID: 34396568 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of tumour cells, have properties of self-renewal and multipotency, which drive cancer progression and resistance to current treatments. Compounds potentially targeting CSCs have been recently developed. This study shows how melatonin, an endogenous hormone synthesised by the pineal gland, and its derivative suppress CSC-like phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, H460, H23, and A549. The effects of MLT and its derivative, acetyl melatonin (ACT), on CSC-like phenotypes were investigated using assays for anchorage-independent growth, three-dimensional spheroid formation, scratch wound healing ability, and CSC marker and upstream protein signalling expression. Enriched CSC spheroids were used to confirm the effect of both compounds on lung cancer cells. MLT and ACT inhibited CSC-like behaviours by suppression of colony and spheroid formation in NSCLC cell lines. Their effects on spheroid formation were confirmed in CSC-enriched H460 cells. CSC markers, CD133 and ALDH1A1, were depleted by both compounds. The behaviour and factors associated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by cell migration and the protein vimentin, were also decreased by MLT and ACT. Mechanistically, MLT and ACT decreased the expression of stemness proteins Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin by reducing active AKT (phosphorylated AKT). Suppression of the AKT pathway was not mediated through melatonin receptors. This study demonstrates a novel role, and its underlying mechanism, for MLT and its derivative ACT in suppression of CSC-like phenotypes in NSCLC cells, indicating that they are potential candidates for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Verisa Chawjarean
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saraporn Harikarnpakdee
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Cosmeceutical Research, Development and Testing Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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15
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Abdel-Hamid NM, Fathy M, Koike C, Yoshida T, Okabe M, Zho K, Abouzied M, Nikaido T. Identification of Chemo and Radio-Resistant Sub-Population of Stem Cells in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:661-674. [PMID: 34076552 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1931875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer ranks the second female malignancy after breast cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hard to be eradicated, so can recur. We aim to isolate and characterize CSCs from HeLa cells. METHODS These cells express clusters of differentiation (CDs), 44 and 24, to be sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS CD44+CD24+ cells showed potential to form spheres, tumorigenicity, stemness genes and higher resistance to cisplatin, X-ray. CONCLUSION CD44+CD24+ HeLa cells hold characteristics of CSCs, in vitro, in vivo studies, suggesting that targeting may lead to screening of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chika Koike
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiko Yoshida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Motonori Okabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kaixuan Zho
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mekky Abouzied
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Toshio Nikaido
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), ancient integrations of exogenous viruses, make up 8% of our genome. Long thought of as mere vestigial genetic elements, evidence is now accumulating to suggest a potential functional role in numerous pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and multiple cancers. The youngest member of this group of transposable elements is HERV-K (HML-2). Like the majority of HERV sequences, significant post-insertional mutations have disarmed HERV-K (HML-2), preventing it from producing infectious viral particles. However, some insertions have retained limited coding capacity, and complete open reading frames for all its constituent proteins can be found throughout the genome. For this reason HERV-K (HML-2) has garnered more attention than its peers. The tight epigenetic control thought to suppress expression in healthy tissue is lost during carcinogenesis. Upregulation of HERV-K (HML-2) derived mRNA and protein has been reported in a variety of solid and liquid tumour types, and while causality has yet to be established, progressively more data are emerging to suggest this phenomenon may contribute to tumour growth and metastatic capacity. Herein we discuss its potential utility as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target in light of the current in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence linking HERV-K (HML-2) to tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Dervan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dibyangana D Bhattacharyya
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jake D McAuliffe
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Faizan H Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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17
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Fernandes S, Fernandez T, Metze S, Balakrishnan PB, Mai BT, Conteh J, De Mei C, Turdo A, Di Franco S, Stassi G, Todaro M, Pellegrino T. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Hyperthermia Mediates Drug Delivery and Impairs the Tumorigenic Capacity of Quiescent Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:15959-15972. [PMID: 33797220 PMCID: PMC8045020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the tumor cell subpopulation responsible for resistance to chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. An efficient therapy must act on low proliferating quiescent-CSCs (q-CSCs). We here investigate the effect of magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) in combination with local chemotherapy as a dual therapy to inhibit patient-derived colorectal qCR-CSCs. We apply iron oxide nanocubes as MHT heat mediators, coated with a thermoresponsive polymer (TR-Cubes) and loaded with DOXO (TR-DOXO) as a chemotherapeutic agent. The thermoresponsive polymer releases DOXO only at a temperature above 44 °C. In colony-forming assays, the cells exposed to TR-Cubes with MHT reveal that qCR-CSCs struggle to survive the heat damage and, with a due delay, restart the division of dormant cells. The eradication of qCR-CSCs with a complete stop of the colony formation was achieved only with TR-DOXO when exposed to MHT. The in vivo tumor formation study confirms the combined effects of MHT with heat-mediated drug release: only the group of animals that received the CR-CSCs pretreated, in vitro, with TR-DOXO and MHT lacked the formation of tumor even after several months. For DOXO-resistant CR-CSCs cells, the same results were shown, in vitro, when choosing the drug oxaliplatin rather than DOXO and applying MHT. These findings emphasize the potential of our nanoplatforms as an effective patient-personalized cancer treatment against qCR-CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Fernandes
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Tamara Fernandez
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Metze
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Binh T. Mai
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - John Conteh
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia De Mei
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- PROMISE
Department,Piazza delle Cliniche 2, University
of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- DICHIRONS
Department, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- DICHIRONS
Department, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- PROMISE
Department,Piazza delle Cliniche 2, University
of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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18
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Castelli V, Giordano A, Benedetti E, Giansanti F, Quintiliani M, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. The Great Escape: The Power of Cancer Stem Cells to Evade Programmed Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:328. [PMID: 33477367 PMCID: PMC7830655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Tumour malignancy is related to tumor heterogeneity, which has been suggested to be due to a small subpopulation of tumor cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs exert a key role in metastasis development, tumor recurrence, and also epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptotic resistance, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and drug resistance. Several current therapies fail to eradicate tumors due to the ability of CSCs to escape different programmed cell deaths. Thus, developing CSC-selective and programmed death-inducing therapeutic approaches appears to be of primary importance. In this review, we discuss the main programmed cell death occurring in cancer and the promising CSC-targeting agents developed in recent years. Even if the reported studies are encouraging, further investigations are necessary to establish a combination of agents able to eradicate CSCs or inhibit their growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
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19
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Nalewajska M, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Opara-Bajerowicz M, Dziedziejko V, Pawlik A. Connexins-Therapeutic Targets in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9119. [PMID: 33266154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are members of a protein family that forms intercellular channels localised in gap junction (GJ) plaques and single transmembrane channels called hemichannels. They participate in intercellular communication or communication between the intracellular and extracellular environments. Connexins affect cell homeostasis, growth and differentiation by enabling the exchange of metabolites or by interfering with various signalling pathways. Alterations in the functionality and the expression of connexins have been linked to the occurrence of many diseases. Connexins have been already linked to cancers, cardiac and brain disorders, chronic lung and kidney conditions and wound healing processes. Connexins have been shown either to suppress cancer tumour growth or to increase tumorigenicity by promoting cancer cell growth, migration and invasiveness. A better understanding of the complexity of cancer biology related to connexins and intercellular communication could result in the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The modulation of connexin expression may be an effective therapeutic approach in some types of cancers. Therefore, one important challenge is the search for mechanisms and new drugs, selectively modulating the expression of various connexin isoforms. We performed a systematic literature search up to February 2020 in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Our search terms were as follows: connexins, hemichannels, cancer and cancer treatment. This review aims to provide information about the role of connexins and gap junctions in cancer, as well as to discuss possible therapeutic options that are currently being studied.
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20
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Ko CCH, Chia WK, Selvarajah GT, Cheah YK, Wong YP, Tan GC. The Role of Breast Cancer Stem Cell-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090721. [PMID: 32961774 PMCID: PMC7555329 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, and its incidence is on the rise. A small fraction of cancer stem cells was identified within the tumour bulk, which are regarded as cancer-initiating cells, possess self-renewal and propagation potential, and a key driver for tumour heterogeneity and disease progression. Cancer heterogeneity reduces the overall efficacy of chemotherapy and contributes to treatment failure and relapse. The cell-surface and subcellular biomarkers related to breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) phenotypes are increasingly being recognised. These biomarkers are useful for the isolation of BCSCs and can serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic tools to monitor treatment responses. Recently, the role of noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) has extensively been explored as novel biomarker molecules for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis with high specificity and sensitivity. An in-depth understanding of the biological roles of miRNA in breast carcinogenesis provides insights into the pathways of cancer development and its utility for disease prognostication. This review gives an overview of stem cells, highlights the biomarkers expressed in BCSCs and describes their potential role as prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence Ching Huat Ko
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (C.C.H.K.); (W.K.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia;
| | - Wai Kit Chia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (C.C.H.K.); (W.K.C.)
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia;
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia;
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (C.C.H.K.); (W.K.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.W.); (G.C.T.); Tel.: +603-91459508 (Y.P.W.); +603-91455362 (G.C.T.)
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (C.C.H.K.); (W.K.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.W.); (G.C.T.); Tel.: +603-91459508 (Y.P.W.); +603-91455362 (G.C.T.)
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Ling M, Yang X. Correlation between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs): do TILs interact with CSCs in non-small cell lung cancer? Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:914. [PMID: 32953714 PMCID: PMC7475387 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ling
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and cell death. Moreover, autophagy provides the cytoprotective effect which contributes to drug resistance in these cells. Furthermore, much evidence shows that CSCs cause tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. Various signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), NOTCH1, and Wnt/β-catenin as well as the CSC markers maintain CSC properties. Several mechanisms including overexpression of ABC multidrug resistance transporters, a deficiency in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of c-FLIP, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and PI3K/AKT signaling contribute to enhancing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and cell death induction in CSCs in various cancers. Studying such pathways may help provide detailed understanding of CSC mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and apoptosis and may lead to the development of effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Correspondence to: Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill, Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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Hermawan A, Putri H. Bioinformatics Studies Provide Insight into Possible Target and Mechanisms of Action of Nobiletin against Cancer Stem Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:611-620. [PMID: 32212785 PMCID: PMC7437309 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nobiletin treatment on MDA-MB 231 cells reduces the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), which is highly expressed in cancer stem cell populations in tumor patients. However, the mechanisms of nobiletin in cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain elusive. This study was aimed to explore the potential target and mechanisms of nobiletin in cancer stem cells using bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Gene expression profiles by public COMPARE predicting the sensitivity of tumor cells to nobiletin. Functional annotations on gene lists are carried out with The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8, and WEB-based GEne SeT Analysis Toolkit (WebGestalt). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was analyzed by STRING-DB and visualized by Cytoscape. RESULTS Microarray analyses reveal many genes involved in protein binding, transcriptional and translational activity. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed breast cancer regulation of estrogen signaling and Wnt/ß-catenin by nobiletin. Moreover, three hub genes, i.e. ESR1, NCOA3, and RPS6KB1 and one significant module were filtered out and selected from the PPI network. CONCLUSION Nobiletin might serve as a lead compound for the development of CSCs-targeted drugs by targeting estrogen and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Further studies are needed to explore the full therapeutic potential of nobiletin in cancer stem cells. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Ruan S, Zhang H, Tian X, Zhang Z, Huang H, Shi C, Liu W, Jiang X, Huang D, Tao F. PHD Finger Protein 19 Enhances the Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Compound Fuling Granule by Protecting Cell Growth, Invasion, Migration, and Stemness. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:150. [PMID: 32180719 PMCID: PMC7059104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies in women worldwide with a poor survival rate. We have previously reported that compound fuling granule (CFG), a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation used to treat ovarian cancer in China for over 20 years, significantly promotes cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, TGFβ-induced invasion and migration, tumor growth, and distant metastasis in ovarian cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, we found that PHF19 expression in ovarian cancer cells positively correlated with their resistance ability to CFG. In addition, PHF19 overexpression increased the resistance of HEY-T30 and SKOV3 cells to CFG, while knockdown of PHF19 enhanced their sensitivity to CFG. Moreover, CFG significantly inhibited the expression of PHF19 both in mRNA and protein levels in these cells. Gain of function and loss of function experiments further proved that PHF19 is a crucial mediator involved in the ovarian cancer progression, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and stemness. Importantly, rescue the expression of PHF19 reverted CFG-induced suppression in ovarian cancer cell growth, EMT and stemness, while PHF19 knockdown accelerated CFG’s anti-tumor effect. Overall, our results provide a series of evidence to reveal that PHF19 is critical suppressor for CFG’s anti-tumor effect in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haizhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Chinese Medical Formulae, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiawei Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Chu DT, Nguyen TT, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Jeong JH, Anh PG, Thanh VV, Truong DT, Dinh TC. Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030563. [PMID: 32121074 PMCID: PMC7140431 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms underlying the use of various types of stem cells in cancer treatment. In addition, we summarize recent progress in the clinical applications of stem cells, as well as common risks of this therapy. We finally give general directions for future studies, aiming to improve overall outcomes in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.-T.C.); (T.C.D.); Tel.: +84966409783 (D.-T.C.)
| | - Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do 38541, Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Dang-Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do 38541, Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Pham Gia Anh
- Oncology Department, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Tien Truong
- Department of Anatomy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thien Chu Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.-T.C.); (T.C.D.); Tel.: +84966409783 (D.-T.C.)
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Liang CY, Li ZY, Gan TQ, Fang YY, Gan BL, Chen WJ, Dang YW, Shi K, Feng ZB, Chen G. Downregulation of hsa-microRNA-204-5p and identification of its potential regulatory network in non-small cell lung cancer: RT-qPCR, bioinformatic- and meta-analyses. Respir Res 2020; 21:60. [PMID: 32102656 PMCID: PMC7045575 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary malignant neoplasms have a high worldwide morbidity and mortality, so the study of these malignancies using microRNAs (miRNAs) has attracted great interest and enthusiasm. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effect of hsa-microRNA-204-5p (miR-204-5p) and its underlying molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Expression of miR-204-5p was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). After data mining from public online repositories, several integrative assessment methods, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and comprehensive meta-analyses, were conducted to explore the expression and clinical utility of miR-204-5p. The potential objects regulated and controlled by miR-204-5p in the course of NSCLC were identified by estimated target prediction and analysis. The regulatory network of miR-204-5p, with its target genes and transcription factors (TFs), was structured from database evidence and literature references. Results The expression of miR-204-5p was downregulated in NSCLC, and the downtrend was related to gender, histological type, vascular invasion, tumor size, clinicopathologic grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). MiR-204-5p was useful in prognosis, but was deemed unsuitable at present as an auxiliary diagnostic or prognostic risk factor for NSCLC due to the lack of statistical significance in meta-analyses and absence of large-scale investigations. Gene enrichment and annotation analyses identified miR-204-5p candidate targets that took part in various genetic activities and biological functions. The predicted TFs, like MAX, MYC, and RUNX1, interfered in regulatory networks involving miR-204-5p and its predicted hub genes, though a modulatory loop or axis of the miRNA-TF-gene that was out of range with shortage in database prediction, experimental proof and literature confirmation. Conclusions The frequently observed decrease in miR-204-5p was helpful for NSCLC diagnosis. The estimated target genes and TFs contributed to the anti-oncogene effects of miR-204-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Yun Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Qing Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Ying Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Liang Gan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Marlicz W, Łoniewski I, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1201:125-57. [PMID: 31898785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of chronic degenerative diseases expands rapidly. The pathogenesis of these noncommunicable disorders revolves around innate immunity, microbiome, and stem cell alterations. Understanding the mechanisms behind stem cell biology and their regulatory pathways is a key to understanding the origin of human disease. Stem cells are involved in tissue and organ damage and regeneration. The evidence is mounting that not only eukaryotic cells but also gut microbiota may release extracellular microvesicles that are absorbed from the gut into the portal and systemic circulation. Linking the fields of stem cells, innate immunity and microbiome research opens up new avenues to develop novel diagnostic (e.g., biomarkers), therapeutic (e.g., microbiome modulation, stem cell-based medicines), and prognostic (personalized diets) tools. In this chapter, we present the short overview of various stem and progenitor cells of adult tissues circulating in peripheral blood and their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of digestive diseases. We also briefly discuss the role of host-stem cell-microbial interactions as a new frontier of research in gastroenterology.
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Shi YB, Li J, Lai XN, Jiang R, Zhao RC, Xiong LX. Multifaceted Roles of Caveolin-1 in Lung Cancer: A New Investigation Focused on Tumor Occurrence, Development and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020291. [PMID: 31991790 PMCID: PMC7073165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers with extremely high morbidity and mortality in both males and females. Although traditional lung cancer treatments are fast progressing, there are still limitations. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a main component of caveolae, participates in multiple cellular events such as immune responses, endocytosis, membrane trafficking, cellular signaling and cancer progression. It has been found tightly associated with lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance and drug resistance. In addition to this, multiple bioactive molecules have been confirmed to target Cav-1 to carry on their anti-tumor functions in lung cancers. Cav-1 can also be a predictor for lung cancer patients’ prognosis. In this review, we have summarized the valuable research on Cav-1 and lung cancer in recent years and discussed the multifaceted roles of Cav-1 on lung cancer occurrence, development and therapy, hoping to provide new insights into lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.); (X.-N.L.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.); (X.-N.L.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xing-Ning Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.); (X.-N.L.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Rui-Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.); (X.-N.L.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.); (X.-N.L.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8636-0556
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Liu HW, Lee PM, Bamodu OA, Su YK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Chien MH, Kan IH, Lin CM. Enhanced Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT3 and Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121888. [PMID: 31783691 PMCID: PMC6966688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant grade IV tumor, is the most malignant brain tumor due to its hyper-proliferative and apoptosis-evading characteristics. The signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family genes, including STAT3 and STAT5A, have been indicated to play important roles in GBM progression. Increasing number of reports suggest that garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone and major bioactive component of Garcinia indica contains potent anti-cancer activities. Material and Methods: The present study investigated the anti-GBM effects of garcinol, focusing on the STAT3/STAT5A activation, using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro, and ex vivo assays. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–GBM cohort (n = 173) showed that STAT3 and STAT5A are preferentially elevated in primary and recurrent GBM, compared to non-tumor brain tissues, and is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. In support, our immunohistochemical staining of a GBM cohort (n = 45) showed an estimated 5.3-fold (p < 0.001) elevation in STAT3 and STAT5A protein expression in primary and recurrent GBM versus the non-tumor group. In vitro, garcinol treatment significantly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of U87MG or GBM8401 cells, dose-dependently. In addition, garcinol anticancer effect significantly attenuated the GBM stem cell-like phenotypes, as reflected by diminished ability of U87MG or GBM8401 to form colonies and tumorspheres and suppressed expression of OCT4 and SOX2. Furthermore, analysis on GBM transcriptome revealed an inverse correlation between the level of STAT3/5A and hsa-miR-181d. Garcinol-mediated anti-GBM effects were associated with an increased hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratio. The results were further verified in vivo using U87MG mouse xenograft model where administration of garcinol significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Mingjui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Medicine, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA;
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - I-Hung Kan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
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Thellung S, Corsaro A, Bosio AG, Zambito M, Barbieri F, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Emerging Role of Cellular Prion Protein in the Maintenance and Expansion of Glioma Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111458. [PMID: 31752162 PMCID: PMC6912268 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein representing the physiological counterpart of PrP scrapie (PrPSc), which plays a pathogenetic role in prion diseases. Relatively little information is however available about physiological role of PrPC. Although PrPC ablation in mice does not induce lethal phenotypes, impairment of neuronal and bone marrow plasticity was reported in embryos and adult animals. In neurons, PrPC stimulates neurite growth, prevents oxidative stress-dependent cell death, and favors antiapoptotic signaling. However, PrPC activity is not restricted to post-mitotic neurons, but promotes cell proliferation and migration during embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in adult. PrPC acts as scaffold to stabilize the binding between different membrane receptors, growth factors, and basement proteins, contributing to tumorigenesis. Indeed, ablation of PrPC expression reduces cancer cell proliferation and migration and restores cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Conversely, PrPC overexpression in cancer stem cells (CSCs) from different tumors, including gliomas—the most malignant brain tumors—is predictive for poor prognosis, and correlates with relapses. The mechanisms of the PrPC role in tumorigenesis and its molecular partners in this activity are the topic of the present review, with a particular focus on PrPC contribution to glioma CSCs multipotency, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Thellung
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessia G. Bosio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Martina Zambito
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-01-0353-8806 (T.F.); +39-02-5031-4958 (M.M.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-01-0353-8806 (T.F.); +39-02-5031-4958 (M.M.)
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Pakizehkar S, Ranji N, Sohi AN, Sadeghizadeh M. Polymersome‐assisted delivery of curcumin: A suitable approach to decrease cancer stemness markers and regulate miRNAs expression in HT29 colorectal cancer cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pakizehkar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht BranchIslamic Azad University Rasht Iran
| | - Najmeh Ranji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht BranchIslamic Azad University Rasht Iran
| | | | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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32
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Seigel GM, Shah DK, Mendoza P, Szalai E, Grossniklaus H, Song Y, Shan J. In situ analysis of Her2 DNA and RNA in retinoblastoma and adjacent retina. Oncoscience 2019; 6:357-366. [PMID: 31608299 PMCID: PMC6768847 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an ocular tumor of early childhood. Current treatments attempt to preserve visual function, but may spare chemoresistant tumor cells. One potential therapeutic target for RB is HER2, (ERBB2), expressed in RB in truncated form. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Her2 DNA and RNA are expressed in RB tumors and adjacent retina. We examined 24 human RB tumors as well as normal-appearing adjacent retinal tissues for Her2 DNA and RNA expression by in situ hybridization. We also examined 28 RB tumors for HER2 protein immunoreactivity. 21/22 RB tumors expressed Her2 DNA and 14/19 tumors expressed Her2 RNA. In 17 paired cases, there were three cases in which Her2 DNA was detected, but not RNA. We also saw Her2 RNA signal in six instances of "normal" adjacent retinal tissue. Heterogeneous HER2 protein expression in specific tumor regions also was confirmed by quantitative HER2 immunohistochemistry. In summary, Her2 DNA and RNA are expressed in many RB tumors, and in some adjacent ocular tissues, with hetereogenous protein expression throughout. These results may provide important insights regarding RB tumor progression, and drug targeting approaches designed to spare the eye, preserve vision and improve quality of life for RB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Seigel
- University at Buffalo, Center for Hearing and Deafness, Buffalo, NY
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- University at Buffalo, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Pia Mendoza
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Yinghui Song
- Molecular Cytogenetic Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | - Jidong Shan
- Molecular Cytogenetic Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
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33
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Marzagalli M, Raimondi M, Fontana F, Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Cellular and molecular biology of cancer stem cells in melanoma: Possible therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:221-235. [PMID: 31265892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a tumor characterized by a very high level of heterogeneity, responsible for its malignant behavior and ability to escape from standard therapies. In this review we highlight the molecular and biological features of the subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), well known to be characterized by self-renewal properties, deeply involved in triggering the processes of tumor generation, metastasis, progression and drug resistance. From the molecular point of view, melanoma CSCs are identified and characterized by the expression of stemness markers, such as surface markers, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, embryonic stem cells and intracellular markers. These cells are endowed with different functional features. In particular, they play pivotal roles in the processes of tumor dissemination, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, mediated by specific intracellular signaling pathways; moreover, they are characterized by a unique metabolic reprogramming. As reported for other types of tumors, the CSCs subpopulation in melanoma is also characterized by a low immunogenic profile as well as by the ability to escape the immune system, through the expression of a negative modulation of T cell functions and the secretion of immunosuppressive factors. These biological features allow melanoma CSCs to escape standard treatments, thus being deeply involved in tumor relapse. Targeting the CSCs subpopulation is now considered an attractive treatment strategy; in particular, combination treatments, based on both CSCs-targeting and standard drugs, will likely increase the therapeutic options for melanoma patients. The characterization of CSCs in liquid biopsies from single patients will pave the way towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Brás R, Sunkel CE, Resende LP. Tissue stem cells: the new actors in the aneuploidy field. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1813-1823. [PMID: 31242809 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1635867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms and the maintenance of its tissues relies on mitosis. However, this process represents a major challenge for genomic stability as each time a cell division occurs there are multiple steps where errors can lead to an abnormal chromosomal content in daughter cells - aneuploidy. Aneuploidy was first postulated to act as a tumour promoting agent over one century ago. Since then, we have learned to appreciate the complexity involving the cellular responses to aneuploidy and to value the importance of models where aneuploidy is induced in vivo and in a cell-type specific manner. Recent data suggests that stem cells evolved a distinct response to aneuploidy, being able to survive and proliferate as aneuploid. Since stem cells are the main cells responsible for tissue renewal, it is of the utmost importance to place the spotlight on stem cells within the aneuploidy field. Here, we briefly review some of the biological mechanisms implicated in aneuploidy, the relationship between aneuploidy and tissue pathologies, and summarize the most recent findings in Drosophila on how tissue stem cells respond to aneuploidy. Once we understand how stem cell behavior is impacted by aneuploidy, we might be able to better describe the complicated link between aneuploidy and tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Brás
- a Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Claudio E Sunkel
- a Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Resende
- a Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC's) have emerged as a key area of investigation due to associations with cancer development and treatment resistance, related to their ability to remain quiescent, self-renew and terminally differentiate. Targeting CSC's in addition to the tumour bulk could ensure complete removal of the cancer, lessening the risk of relapse and improving patient survival. Understanding the mechanisms supporting the functions of CSC's is essential to highlight targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. Changes in intracellular calcium through calcium channel activity is fundamental for integral cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival in a range of cell types, under both normal and pathological conditions. Here in we highlight how calcium channels represent a key mechanism involved in CSC function. It is clear that expression and or function of a number of channels involved in calcium entry and intracellular store release are altered in CSC's. Correlating with aberrant proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation, which in turn promoted cancer progression and treatment resistance. Research outlined has demonstrated that targeting altered calcium channels in CSC populations can reduce their stem properties and induce terminal differentiation, sensitising them to existing cancer treatments. Overall this highlights calcium channels as emerging novel targets for CSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie O'Reilly
- National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Human science, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Buchanan
- National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Human science, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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Chen C, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Liu J. Induction/reversal of drug resistance in gastric cancer by non-coding RNAs (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1511-1524. [PMID: 30896792 PMCID: PMC6438417 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent and malignant types of cancer worldwide. In China, it is the second most common type of cancer and the malignancy with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Chemotherapy for GC is not always effective due to the development of drug resistance. Drug resistance, which is frequently observed in GC, undermines the success rate of chemotherapy and the survival of patients with GC. The dysregulation of non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs), primarily microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is involved in the development of GC drug resistance via numerous mechanisms. These mechanisms contribute to the involvement of a large and complex network of ncRNAs in drug resistance. In this review, we focus on and summarize the latest research on the specific mechanisms of action of miRNAs and lncRNAs that modulate drug resistance in GC. In addition, we discuss future prospects and clinical applications of ncRNAs as potential targeted therapies against the chemoresistance of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Liskova A, Kubatka P, Samec M, Zubor P, Mlyncek M, Bielik T, Samuel SM, Zulli A, Kwon TK, Büsselberg D. Dietary Phytochemicals Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050899. [PMID: 30836718 PMCID: PMC6429493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness of the importance of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables for human health. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized as a subpopulation of cancer cells with aberrant regulation of self-renewal, proliferation or apoptosis leading to cancer progression, invasiveness, metastasis formation, and therapy resistance. Anticancer effects of phytochemicals are also directed to target CSCs. Here we provide a comprehensive review of dietary phytochemicals targeting CSCs. Moreover, we evaluate and summarize studies dealing with effects of dietary phytochemicals on CSCs of various malignancies in preclinical and clinical research. Dietary phytochemicals have a significant impact on CSCs which may be applied in cancer prevention and treatment. However, anticancer effects of plant derived compounds have not yet been fully investigated in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, 03601 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, 03601 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, 03601 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, 03601 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Milos Mlyncek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Hospital Nitra Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Tibor Bielik
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, 03601 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 426 01, Korea.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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Beckmann A, Hainz N, Tschernig T, Meier C. Facets of Communication: Gap Junction Ultrastructure and Function in Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030288. [PMID: 30823688 PMCID: PMC6468480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junction proteins are expressed in cancer stem cells and non-stem cancer cells of many tumors. As the morphology and assembly of gap junction channels are crucial for their function in intercellular communication, one focus of our review is to outline the data on gap junction plaque morphology available for cancer cells. Electron microscopic studies and freeze-fracture analyses on gap junction ultrastructure in cancer are summarized. As the presence of gap junctions is relevant in solid tumors, we exemplarily outline their role in glioblastomas and in breast cancer. These were also shown to contain cancer stem cells, which are an essential cause of tumor onset and of tumor transmission into metastases. For these processes, gap junctional communication was shown to be important and thus we summarize, how the expression of gap junction proteins and the resulting communication between cancer stem cells and their surrounding cells contributes to the dissemination of cancer stem cells via blood or lymphatic vessels. Based on their importance for tumors and metastases, future cancer-specific therapies are expected to address gap junction proteins. In turn, gap junctions also seem to contribute to the unattainability of cancer stem cells by certain treatments and might thus contribute to therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Hainz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Carola Meier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Li X, Liu Y, Wang N, Liu Y, Wang S, Wang H, Li A, Ren S. Synthesis and discovery of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives inhibiting cancer stem cell properties in ovarian cancer cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27294-27304. [PMID: 35529208 PMCID: PMC9070660 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in ovarian cancer treatment, the five-year overall survival rate is less than 30% with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). To develop CSC-targeting therapy, a series of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives containing cinnamamide moiety have been designed, synthesized, and screened for their antiproliferative activity in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Most of the compounds exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity than GA, and compound 7c was the most active one. Further biological studies showed that compound 7c could induce apoptosis and suppress migration. In addition, compound 7c could not only observably decrease the colony formation and sphere formation ability, but also significantly reduce the CD44+, CD133+, and ALDH+ subpopulation in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that compound 7c is a promising anti-CSC agent for further anti-ovarian cancer studies. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives containing cinnamamide moiety could inhibit cancer stem cell properties in ovarian cancer cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design
- School of Pharmacy
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Central Laboratory
- Liaocheng People's Hospital
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design
- School of Pharmacy
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Zibo 255400
- China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design
- School of Pharmacy
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design
- School of Pharmacy
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Liaocheng People's Hospital
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
| | - Shaoda Ren
- Central Laboratory
- Liaocheng People's Hospital
- Liaocheng 252000
- China
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