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Rogier E, Plucinski M, Candrinho B, Moss DM, Gibbons A, Colborn J, Higgins J, Chambe G, Muchanga J, Muguande O, Matsinhe G, Mathe G, Doyle T, Zulliger R, Saifodine A, Montgomery JM, Klena JD, Priest JW. Adaptation to a Multiplex Bead Assay and Seroprevalence to Rift Valley Fever N Protein: Nampula Province, Mozambique, 2013-2014. J Virol 2022; 96:e0067222. [PMID: 35894603 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00672-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with outbreaks reported in the Arabian Peninsula and throughout SSA. The natural reservoir for RVFV are ruminants, with livestock populations exceeding 50% exposure rates in some areas of SSA. Transmission to humans can occur through exposure to infected livestock products or multiple species of mosquito vectors. In 2013 and 2014, cross-sectional surveys occurred in two districts of Nacala-a-Velha and Mecubúri in northern Mozambique, and participants provided blood samples for later serological assays. IgG against the N protein of RVFV was detected through multiplex bead assay (MBA). Of the 2,278 persons enrolled between the two surveys and study sites, 181 (7.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.9%-9.1%) were found to be IgG seropositive with increasing seroprevalence with older age and significantly higher seroprevalence in Nacala-a-Velha (10.5%, 8.8%-12.5%) versus Mecubúri (5.7%, 4.5%-7.1%). Seroprevalence estimates were not significantly different between the 2013 and 2014 surveys. Significant spatial clustering of IgG positive persons were consistent among surveys and within the two districts, pointing toward the consistency of serology data for making population-level assumptions regarding RVFV seroprevalence. A subset of persons (n = 539) provided samples for both the 2013 and 2014 surveys, and a low percentage (0.81%) of these were found to seroconvert between these two surveys. Including the RVFV N protein in an MBA antigen panel could assist elucidate RVFV exposure in SSA. IMPORTANCE Due to sporadic transmission, human contact with Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is difficult to ascertain at a population level. Detection of antibodies against RVFV antigens assist in estimating exposure as antibodies remain in the host long after the virus has been cleared. In this study, we show that antibodies against RVFV N protein can be detected from dried blood spot (DBS) samples being assayed by multiplex bead assay. DBS from two districts in northern Mozambique were tested for IgG against the N protein, and 7.9% of all enrolled persons were seropositive. Older persons, males, and persons residing closer to the coast had higher RVFV N protein seroprevalence. Spatial clustering of IgG positive persons was noted in both districts. These results show low exposure rates to RVFV in these two northern districts in Mozambique, and the ability to perform serology for the RVFV N protein from dried blood samples.
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Dione MM, Séry A, Sidibé CAK, Wieland B, Fall A. Exposure to multiple pathogens - serological evidence for Rift Valley fever virus, Coxiella burnetii, Bluetongue virus and Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep and goat in Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010342. [PMID: 35486653 PMCID: PMC9094527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An important problem for livestock production in Mali is occurrence of several infectious diseases. A particular challenge for control of pathogens that affect different species, especially in a system with mixed herds with cattle, sheep and goats. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate co-exposure with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Coxiella burnetii, Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Brucella spp. in different livestock species in mixed herds. With the exception of BTV these pathogens are also zoonotic. A retrospective assessment was carried out on a biobank of sera of cattle and small ruminants collected from Sikasso and Mopti regions. Nine hundred and twelve samples from cattle (n = 304), sheep (n = 318) and goat (n = 290) were screened. Serology tests were conducted using commercial kits as per the protocol of the manufacturers. Sero-prevalence for RVFV was 12.8% (Confidence Interval 95%: 9.3–17.1%); 4.7% (2.7–7.7%) and 3.1% (1.4–5.8%) in cattle, sheep and goat respectively. For Coxiella burnetii, the sero-prevalence was 55.3% (49.5–60.9%), 22.6% (18.2–27.6%), and 16.9% (12.8–21.7%); in cattle, sheep and goat respectively; and for BTV sero-prevalence was 88.8% (84.72–92.13%), 51.6% (45.9–57.2%), 56.2% (50.3–62.0%) in cattle, sheep in goat respectively. Brucella sp. had the lowest sero-prevalence and was only detected in cattle and sheep. Regional differences were observed with sero-prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goat with BTV in goat being significantly higher in Sikasso than in Mopti (p<0.001). Evidence of exposure to two pathogens in the same animal was most common for the combination Coxiella burnetii and BTV in cattle (51.6%), followed by sheep (17.0%) and goat (15.5%). Considering the scarcity of disease occurrence and epidemiological data in most sub-saharan countries including Mali, this multi-pathogen survey provides important evidence that cattle, sheep and goat are exposed to pathogens that may negatively impact productivity and pose a risk for public health. The results from this study highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of pathogen diversity and their impact on human and animal health in order to minimize resulting risks. Given that some of the pathogens investigated here are zoonotic, establishment of One-Health surveillance system to monitor disease in animals and people is warranted. Therefore, intersectoral collaboration is recommended. High prevalence of Rift Valley fever virus, Coxiella burnetii and Bluetongue virus were observed in cattle, sheep, and goats. We provided evidence that animals of the same herds have to cope with several pathogens. This study points out to need for important follow up studies to fill further knowledge gaps related to impacts of livestock diseases in Mali, especially zoonoses, and how to address the challenges.
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Agboli E, Zahouli JBZ, Badolo A, Jöst H. Mosquito-Associated Viruses and Their Related Mosquitoes in West Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050891. [PMID: 34065928 PMCID: PMC8151702 DOI: 10.3390/v13050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-associated viruses (MAVs), including mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) and mosquito-borne (arbo)viruses (MBVs), are an increasing public, veterinary, and global health concern, and West Africa is projected to be the next front for arboviral diseases. As in-depth knowledge of the ecologies of both western African MAVs and related mosquitoes is still limited, we review available and comprehensive data on their diversity, abundance, and distribution. Data on MAVs’ occurrence and related mosquitoes were extracted from peer-reviewed publications. Data on MSVs, and mosquito and vertebrate host ranges are sparse. However, more data are available on MBVs (i.e., dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, Zika, and Rift Valley fever viruses), detected in wild and domestic animals, and humans, with infections more concentrated in urban areas and areas affected by strong anthropogenic changes. Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes albopictus are incriminated as key arbovirus vectors. These findings outline MAV, related mosquitoes, key knowledge gaps, and future research areas. Additionally, these data highlight the need to increase our understanding of MAVs and their impact on host mosquito ecology, to improve our knowledge of arbovirus transmission, and to develop specific strategies and capacities for arboviral disease surveillance, diagnostic, prevention, control, and outbreak responses in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Julien B. Z. Zahouli
- Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouake, 27 BP 529 Abidjan 27, Cote D’Ivoire;
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Département de Recherche et Développement, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Cote D’Ivoire
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, Universitée Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Tong C, Javelle E, Grard G, Dia A, Lacrosse C, Fourié T, Gravier P, Watier-Grillot S, Lancelot R, Letourneur F, Comby F, Grau M, Cassou L, Meynard JB, Briolant S, Leparc-Goffart I, Pommier de Santi V. Tracking Rift Valley fever: From Mali to Europe and other countries, 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30808441 PMCID: PMC6446957 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.8.1800213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On 16 September 2016, the World Health Organization confirmed a Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak in Niger. Epidemiological surveillance was reinforced among the French Armed Forces deployed in Niger and bordering countries: Chad, Mali and Burkina Faso. On 26 October, a probable case of RVF was reported in a service member sampled in Mali 3 weeks earlier. At the time the result was reported, the patient was on vacation on Martinique. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to confirm this case and identify other cases. Finally, the case was not confirmed, but three suspected cases of RVF were confirmed using serological and molecular testing. RVF viral RNA was detectable in whole blood for 57 and 67 days after onset of symptoms for two cases, although it was absent from plasma and serum. At the time of diagnosis, these cases had already returned from Mali to Europe. The infectivity of other arboviruses in whole blood has already been highlighted. That RVF virus has been detected in whole blood that long after the onset of symptoms (67 days) raises the question of its potential prolonged infectivity. Because of exposure to tropical infectious diseases during deployment, military populations could import emerging pathogens to Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Tong
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | | | - Gilda Grard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Marseille, France
| | - Aissata Dia
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Constance Lacrosse
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Toscane Fourié
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Gravier
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Marseille, France
| | | | - Renaud Lancelot
- UMR ASTRE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,International Centre of Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems Unit (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Comby
- French Military Health Service, 10th Medical Unit, Laudun, France
| | - Martin Grau
- French Military Health Service, 18th Medical Unit, Fréjus, France
| | - Lionel Cassou
- French Military Health Service, 11th Medical Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Meynard
- French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- UMR VITROME, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- UMR VITROME, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
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