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Zhang L, Saito H, Higashimoto T, Kaji T, Nakamura A, Iwamori K, Nagano R, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, Uezumi A, Seno S, Fukada SI. Regulation of muscle hypertrophy through granulin: Relayed communication among mesenchymal progenitors, macrophages, and satellite cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114052. [PMID: 38573860 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles exert remarkable regenerative or adaptive capacities in response to injuries or mechanical loads. However, the cellular networks underlying muscle adaptation are poorly understood compared to those underlying muscle regeneration. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the gene expression patterns and cellular networks activated in overloaded muscles and compared these results with those observed in regenerating muscles. The cellular composition of the 4-day overloaded muscle, when macrophage infiltration peaked, closely resembled that of the 10-day regenerating muscle. In addition to the mesenchymal progenitor-muscle satellite cell (MuSC) axis, interactome analyses or targeted depletion experiments revealed communications between mesenchymal progenitors-macrophages and macrophages-MuSCs. Furthermore, granulin, a macrophage-derived factor, inhibited MuSC differentiation, and Granulin-knockout mice exhibited blunted muscle hypertrophy due to the premature differentiation of overloaded MuSCs. These findings reveal the critical role of granulin through the relayed communications of mesenchymal progenitors, macrophages, and MuSCs in facilitating efficient muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, China; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hayato Saito
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Higashimoto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayasa Nakamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanako Iwamori
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Division of Cell Heterogeneity, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Xie S, Liu Q, Fu C, Chen Y, Li M, Tian C, Li J, Han M, Li C. Molecular Regulation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development: Insights from Research on CDC23 Expression and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3664. [PMID: 38612477 PMCID: PMC11011816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 23 (CDC23) is a component of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) subunit in the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) complex, which participates in the regulation of mitosis in eukaryotes. However, the regulatory model and mechanism by which the CDC23 gene regulates muscle production in pigs are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of CDC23 in pigs, and the results indicated that CDC23 is widely expressed in various tissues and organs. In vitro cell experiments have demonstrated that CDC23 promotes the proliferation of myoblasts, as well as significantly positively regulating the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed a significant downregulation of the cell cycle pathway during the differentiation process of skeletal muscle satellite cells. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed a high degree of interaction between genes related to the cell cycle pathway and CDC23. Subsequently, in differentiated myocytes induced after overexpression of CDC23, the level of CDC23 exhibited a significant negative correlation with the expression of key factors in the cell cycle pathway, suggesting that CDC23 may be involved in the inhibition of the cell cycle signaling pathway in order to promote the differentiation process. In summary, we preliminarily determined the function of CDC23 with the aim of providing new insights into molecular regulation during porcine skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xie
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yansen Chen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Mengxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Cheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
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Korb A, Tajbakhsh S, Comai GE. Functional specialisation and coordination of myonuclei. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38477382 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Myofibres serve as the functional unit for locomotion, with the sarcomere as fundamental subunit. Running the entire length of this structure are hundreds of myonuclei, located at the periphery of the myofibre, juxtaposed to the plasma membrane. Myonuclear specialisation and clustering at the centre and ends of the fibre are known to be essential for muscle contraction, yet the molecular basis of this regionalisation has remained unclear. While the 'myonuclear domain hypothesis' helped explain how myonuclei can independently govern large cytoplasmic territories, novel technologies have provided granularity on the diverse transcriptional programs running simultaneously within the syncytia and added a new perspective on how myonuclei communicate. Building upon this, we explore the critical cellular and molecular sources of transcriptional and functional heterogeneity within myofibres, discussing the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on myonuclear programs. This knowledge provides new insights for understanding muscle development, repair, and disease, but also opens avenues for the development of novel and precise therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Korb
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Glenda E Comai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
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Gilbert CJ, Rabolli CP, Golubeva VA, Sattler KM, Wang M, Ketabforoush A, Arnold WD, Lepper C, Accornero F. YTHDF2 governs muscle size through a targeted modulation of proteostasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2176. [PMID: 38467649 PMCID: PMC10928198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of proteostasis is fundamental for maintenance of muscle mass and function. Activation of the TGF-β pathway drives wasting and premature aging by favoring the proteasomal degradation of structural muscle proteins. Yet, how this critical post-translational mechanism is kept in check to preserve muscle health remains unclear. Here, we reveal the molecular link between the post-transcriptional regulation of m6A-modified mRNA and the modulation of SMAD-dependent TGF-β signaling. We show that the m6A-binding protein YTHDF2 is essential to determining postnatal muscle size. Indeed, muscle-specific genetic deletion of YTHDF2 impairs skeletal muscle growth and abrogates the response to hypertrophic stimuli. We report that YTHDF2 controls the mRNA stability of the ubiquitin ligase ASB2 with consequences on anti-growth gene program activation through SMAD3. Our study identifies a post-transcriptional to post-translational mechanism for the coordination of gene expression in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gilbert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles P Rabolli
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Volha A Golubeva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Meifang Wang
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arsh Ketabforoush
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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5
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Esteca MV, Divino IA, Vieira da Silva AL, Severino MB, Braga RR, Ropelle ER, Simabuco FM, Baptista IL. Parkin is a critical player in the effects of caffeine over mitochondrial quality control pathways during skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14111. [PMID: 38314948 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on pathways associated with mitochondrial quality control and mitochondrial capacity during skeletal muscle regeneration, focusing on the role of Parkin, a key protein involved in mitophagy. METHODS We used in vitro C2C12 myoblast during differentiation with and without caffeine in the medium, and we evaluated several markers of mitochondrial quality control pathways and myotube growth. In vivo experiments, we used C57BL/6J (WT) and Parkintm 1Shn lineage (Parkin-/- ) mice and injured tibial anterior muscle. The mice regenerated TA muscle for 3, 10, and 21 days with or without caffeine ingestion. TA muscle was used to analyze the protein content of several markers of mitochondrial quality pathways, muscle satellite cell differentiation, and protein synthesis. Furthermore, it analyzed mtDNA, mitochondrial respiration, and myofiber growth. RESULTS C2C12 differentiation experiments showed that caffeine decreased Parkin content, potentially leading to increased DRP1 and PGC-1α content and altered mitochondrial population, thereby enhancing growth capacity. Using Parkin-/- mice, we found that caffeine intake during the regenerative process induces an increase in AMPKα phosphorylation and PGC-1α and TFAM content, changes that were partly Parkin-dependent. In addition, the absence of Parkin potentiates the ergogenic effect of caffeine by increasing mitochondrial capacity and myotube growth. Those effects are related to increased ATF4 content and activation of protein synthesis pathways, such as increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that caffeine ingestion changes mitochondrial quality control during skeletal muscle regeneration, and Parkin is a central player in those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Esteca
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - I A Divino
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - A L Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - M B Severino
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Multidisciplinarity Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - R R Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - E R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinarity Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I L Baptista
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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6
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Bachman JF, Chakkalakal JV. Satellite cells in the growth and maintenance of muscle. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:1-14. [PMID: 38670701 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic skeletal muscle growth is contingent upon a population of somite derived satellite cells, however, the contribution of these cells to early postnatal skeletal muscle growth remains relatively high. As prepubertal postnatal development proceeds, the activity and contribution of satellite cells to skeletal muscle growth diminishes. Eventually, at around puberty, a population of satellite cells escapes terminal commitment, continues to express the paired box transcription factor Pax7, and reside in a quiescent state orbiting the myofiber periphery adjacent to the basal lamina. After adolescence, some satellite cell contributions to muscle maintenance and adaptation occur, however, their necessity is reduced relative to embryonic, early postnatal, and prepubertal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC, USA.
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Espino-Gonzalez E, Tickle PG, Altara R, Gallagher H, Cheng CW, Engman V, Wood N, Justo da Silva GJ, Scalabrin M, Yu X, Zhong Z, Colman MA, Yuldasheva NY, Booz GW, Adams V, Pereira MG, Cataliotti A, Roberts LD, Egginton S, Bowen TS. Caloric Restriction Rejuvenates Skeletal Muscle Growth in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:223-240. [PMID: 38510717 PMCID: PMC10950401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major clinical problem, with limited treatments. HFpEF is characterized by a distinct, but poorly understood, skeletal muscle pathology, which could offer an alternative therapeutic target. In a rat model, we identified impaired myonuclear accretion as a mechanism for low myofiber growth in HFpEF following resistance exercise. Acute caloric restriction rescued skeletal muscle pathology in HFpEF, whereas cardiac therapies had no effect. Mechanisms regulating myonuclear accretion were dysregulated in patients with HFpEF. Overall, these findings may have widespread implications in HFpEF, indicating combined dietary with exercise interventions as a beneficial approach to overcome skeletal muscle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Espino-Gonzalez
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Tickle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Harrison Gallagher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chew W. Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Viktor Engman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mattia Scalabrin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyue Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Colman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y. Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Volker Adams
- Heart Center Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcelo G. Pereira
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Lin KH, Hibbert JE, Lemens JL, Torbey MM, Steinert ND, Flejsierowicz PM, Melka KM, Lares M, Setaluri V, Hornberger TA. The role of satellite cell-derived TRIM28 in mechanical load- and injury-induced myogenesis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.20.572566. [PMID: 38187693 PMCID: PMC10769277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells that contribute to postnatal muscle growth, and they endow skeletal muscle with the ability to regenerate after a severe injury. Here we discovered that this myogenic potential of satellite cells requires a protein called tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28). Unexpectedly, multiple lines of both in vitro and in vivo evidence revealed that the myogenic function of TRIM28 is not dependent on changes in the phosphorylation of its serine 473 residue. Moreover, the functions of TRIM28 were not mediated through the regulation of satellite cell proliferation or differentiation. Instead, our findings indicate that TRIM28 regulates the ability of satellite cells to progress through the process of fusion. Specifically, we discovered that TRIM28 controls the expression of a fusogenic protein called myomixer and concomitant fusion pore formation. Collectively, the outcomes of this study expose the framework of a novel regulatory pathway that is essential for myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jamie E. Hibbert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jake L. Lemens
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa M. Torbey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel D. Steinert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philip M. Flejsierowicz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kiley M. Melka
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marcos Lares
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Troy A. Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
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Ochi E, Barrington A, Wehling‐Henricks M, Avila M, Kuro‐o M, Tidball JG. Klotho regulates the myogenic response of muscle to mechanical loading and exercise. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1531-1547. [PMID: 37864311 PMCID: PMC10841225 DOI: 10.1113/ep091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the hormone Klotho affect the myogenic response of muscle cells to mechanical loading or exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Klotho prevents direct, mechanical activation of genes that regulate muscle differentiation, including genes that encode the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin and proteins in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Similarly, elevated levels of klotho expression in vivo prevent the exercise-induced increase in myogenin-expressing cells and reduce exercise-induced activation of the Wnt pathway. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism through which the responses of muscle to the mechanical environment are regulated. ABSTRACT Muscle growth is influenced by changes in the mechanical environment that affect the expression of genes that regulate myogenesis. We tested whether the hormone Klotho could influence the response of muscle to mechanical loading. Applying mechanical loads to myoblasts in vitro increased RNA encoding transcription factors that are expressed in activated myoblasts (Myod) and in myogenic cells that have initiated terminal differentiation (Myog). However, application of Klotho to myoblasts prevented the loading-induced activation of Myog without affecting loading-induced activation of Myod. This indicates that elevated Klotho inhibits mechanically-induced differentiation of myogenic cells. Elevated Klotho also reduced the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the canonical Wnt pathway or their target genes (Wnt9a, Wnt10a, Ccnd1). Because the canonical Wnt pathway promotes differentiation of myogenic cells, these findings indicate that Klotho inhibits the differentiation of myogenic cells experiencing mechanical loading. We then tested whether these effects of Klotho occurred in muscles of mice experiencing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) by comparing wild-type mice and klotho transgenic mice. The expression of a klotho transgene combined with HIIT synergized to tremendously elevate numbers of Pax7+ satellite cells and activated MyoD+ cells. However, transgene expression prevented the increase in myogenin+ cells caused by HIIT in wild-type mice. Furthermore, transgene expression diminished the HIIT-induced activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in Pax7+ satellite cells. Collectively, these findings show that Klotho inhibits loading- or exercise-induced activation of muscle differentiation and indicate a new mechanism through which the responses of muscle to the mechanical environment are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied ChemistryHosei UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alice Barrington
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Marcus Avila
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Makoto Kuro‐o
- Division of Anti‐Aging MedicineCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - James G. Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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10
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Noviello C, Kobon K, Randrianarison-Huetz V, Maire P, Pietri-Rouxel F, Falcone S, Sotiropoulos A. RhoA Is a Crucial Regulator of Myoblast Fusion. Cells 2023; 12:2673. [PMID: 38067102 PMCID: PMC10705320 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells that are mobilized when muscle homeostasis is perturbed. Here we show that RhoA in SCs is indispensable to have correct muscle regeneration and hypertrophy. In particular, the absence of RhoA in SCs prevents a correct SC fusion both to other RhoA-deleted SCs (regeneration context) and to growing control myofibers (hypertrophy context). We demonstrated that RhoA is dispensable for SCs proliferation and differentiation; however, RhoA-deleted SCs have an inefficient movement even if their cytoskeleton assembly is not altered. Proliferative myoblast and differentiated myotubes without RhoA display a decreased expression of Chordin, suggesting a crosstalk between these genes for myoblast fusion regulation. These findings demonstrate the importance of RhoA in SC fusion regulation and its requirement to achieve an efficient skeletal muscle homeostasis restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noviello
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France (P.M.); (A.S.)
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Kassandra Kobon
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Pascal Maire
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - France Pietri-Rouxel
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Sestina Falcone
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Athanassia Sotiropoulos
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France (P.M.); (A.S.)
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11
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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12
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Sun C, Swoboda CO, Petrany MJ, Parameswaran S, VonHandorf A, Weirauch MT, Lepper C, Millay DP. Lineage tracing of newly accrued nuclei in skeletal myofibers uncovers distinct transcripts and interplay between nuclear populations. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.24.554609. [PMID: 37662191 PMCID: PMC10473681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Multinucleated skeletal muscle cells have an obligatory need to acquire additional nuclei through fusion with activated skeletal muscle stem cells when responding to both developmental and adaptive growth stimuli. A fundamental question in skeletal muscle biology has been the reason underlying this need for new nuclei in syncytial cells that already harbor hundreds of nuclei. To begin to answer this long-standing question, we utilized nuclear RNA-sequencing approaches and developed a lineage tracing strategy capable of defining the transcriptional state of recently fused nuclei and distinguishing this state from that of pre-existing nuclei. Our findings reveal the presence of conserved markers of newly fused nuclei both during development and after a hypertrophic stimulus in the adult. However, newly fused nuclei also exhibit divergent gene expression that is determined by the myogenic environment to which they fuse. Moreover, accrual of new nuclei through fusion is required for nuclei already resident in adult myofibers to mount a normal transcriptional response to a load-inducing stimulus. We propose a model of mutual regulation in the control of skeletal muscle development and adaptations, where newly fused and pre-existing myonuclear populations influence each other to maintain optimal functional growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Sun
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Casey O. Swoboda
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J. Petrany
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas P. Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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13
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Pizza FX, Buckley KH. Regenerating Myofibers after an Acute Muscle Injury: What Do We Really Know about Them? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12545. [PMID: 37628725 PMCID: PMC10454182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle through trauma, physical activity, or disease initiates a process called muscle regeneration. When injured myofibers undergo necrosis, muscle regeneration gives rise to myofibers that have myonuclei in a central position, which contrasts the normal, peripheral position of myonuclei. Myofibers with central myonuclei are called regenerating myofibers and are the hallmark feature of muscle regeneration. An important and underappreciated aspect of muscle regeneration is the maturation of regenerating myofibers into a normal sized myofiber with peripheral myonuclei. Strikingly, very little is known about processes that govern regenerating myofiber maturation after muscle injury. As knowledge of myofiber formation and maturation during embryonic, fetal, and postnatal development has served as a foundation for understanding muscle regeneration, this narrative review discusses similarities and differences in myofiber maturation during muscle development and regeneration. Specifically, we compare and contrast myonuclear positioning, myonuclear accretion, myofiber hypertrophy, and myofiber morphology during muscle development and regeneration. We also discuss regenerating myofibers in the context of different types of myofiber necrosis (complete and segmental) after muscle trauma and injurious contractions. The overall goal of the review is to provide a framework for identifying cellular and molecular processes of myofiber maturation that are unique to muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis X. Pizza
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kole H. Buckley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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14
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Hansson KA, Eftestøl E. Scaling of nuclear numbers and their spatial arrangement in skeletal muscle cell size regulation. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:pe3. [PMID: 37339435 PMCID: PMC10398882 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-09-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells display considerable functional plasticity and depend on the regulation of numerous organelles and macromolecules for their maintenance. In large cells, organelles also need to be carefully distributed to supply the cell with essential resources and regulate intracellular activities. Having multiple copies of the largest eukaryotic organelle, the nucleus, epitomizes the importance of scaling gene products to large cytoplasmic volumes in skeletal muscle fibers. Scaling of intracellular constituents within mammalian muscle fibers is, however, poorly understood, but according to the myonuclear domain hypothesis, a single nucleus supports a finite amount of cytoplasm and is thus postulated to act autonomously, causing the nuclear number to be commensurate with fiber volume. In addition, the orderly peripheral distribution of myonuclei is a hallmark of normal cell physiology, as nuclear mispositioning is associated with impaired muscle function. Because underlying structures of complex cell behaviors are commonly formalized by scaling laws and thus emphasize emerging principles of size regulation, the work presented herein offers more of a unified conceptual platform based on principles from physics, chemistry, geometry, and biology to explore cell size-dependent correlations of the largest mammalian cell by means of scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenth-Arne Hansson
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Zhao X, Wang G, Han H, Zhou Y, Feng J, Zhang M. Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on Skeletal Muscle Growth in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1926. [PMID: 37370436 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia, one of the most polluted gases in poultry houses, has always been an urgent problem to solve. Exposure to ammonia can threaten the respiratory tract, induce inflammation, and decrease growth performance. To date, there are few studies investigating the effects of ammonia on skeletal muscle growth. In this experiment, a total of 144 broilers were randomly divided into two groups, and 0 ppm and 35 ppm atmospheric ammonia were administered in the chambers. The trial lasted for 21 days. The breast muscle, thigh muscle, dressed weight, and serum biochemical indexes were measured. The skeletal muscle fibre morphology was observed using light microscopy, and the expressions of genes associated with skeletal muscle development and myosin heavy chain genes were assessed. After 7 days of ammonia exposure, the broilers' weight in the ammonia group decreased. On the 21st day of the experiment, in the ammonia group, the breast muscle weight, thigh muscle weight, and dressed weight decreased, the blood urea nitrogen content increased, skeletal muscle fibre diameter shortened, the expression of myostatin increased, and the expression of myosin heavy chain-FWM and myosin heavy chain-FRM decreased significantly. This article suggests that 35 ppm atmospheric ammonia seriously affects the skeletal muscle gain rate of broilers, and the myostatin pathway could be a potential regulation of the growth rate of muscle fibre under ammonia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animals Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Madigan LA, Jaime D, Fallon JR. MuSK-BMP signaling in adult muscle stem cells maintains quiescence and regulates myofiber size. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.17.541238. [PMID: 37292636 PMCID: PMC10245747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A central question in the biology of adult stem cells is elucidating the signaling pathways regulating their dynamics and function in diverse physiological and age-related contexts. Adult muscle stem cells (Satellite Cells; SCs) are generally quiescent but can activate and contribute to muscle homeostasis and repair. Here we tested the role of the MuSK-BMP pathway in regulating adult SC quiescence and myofiber size. We attenuated MuSK-BMP signaling by deletion of the BMP-binding MuSK Ig3 domain ('ΔIg3-MuSK') and studied the fast TA and EDL muscles. In germ line mutants at 3 months of age SC and myonuclei numbers as well as myofiber size were comparable in ΔIg3-MuSK and WT animals. However, in 5-month-old ΔIg3-MuSK animals SC density was decreased while myofiber size, myonuclear number and grip strength were increased - indicating that SCs had activated and productively fused into the myofibers over this interval. Notably, myonuclear domain size was conserved. Following injury, the mutant muscle fully regenerated with restoration of myofiber size and SC pool to WT levels, indicating that ΔIg3-MuSK SCs maintain full stem cell function. Conditional expression of ΔIg3-MuSK in adult SCs showed that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous fashion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SCs from uninjured ΔIg3-MuSK mice exhibit signatures of activation, including elevated Notch and epigenetic signaling. We conclude that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates SC quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous, age-dependent manner. Targeting MuSK-BMP signaling in muscle stem cells thus emerges a therapeutic strategy for promoting muscle growth and function in the settings of injury, disease, and aging.
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17
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Hindi SM, Petrany MJ, Greenfeld E, Focke LC, Cramer AAW, Whitt MA, Khairallah RJ, Ward CW, Chamberlain JS, Podbilewicz B, Prasad V, Millay DP. Enveloped viruses pseudotyped with mammalian myogenic cell fusogens target skeletal muscle for gene delivery. Cell 2023; 186:2062-2077.e17. [PMID: 37075755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Entry of enveloped viruses into cells is mediated by viral fusogenic proteins that drive membrane rearrangements needed for fusion between viral and target membranes. Skeletal muscle development also requires membrane fusion events between progenitor cells to form multinucleated myofibers. Myomaker and Myomerger are muscle-specific cell fusogens but do not structurally or functionally resemble classical viral fusogens. We asked whether the muscle fusogens could functionally substitute for viral fusogens, despite their structural distinctiveness, and fuse viruses to cells. We report that engineering of Myomaker and Myomerger on the membrane of enveloped viruses leads to specific transduction of skeletal muscle. We also demonstrate that locally and systemically injected virions pseudotyped with the muscle fusogens can deliver μDystrophin to skeletal muscle of a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and alleviate pathology. Through harnessing the intrinsic properties of myogenic membranes, we establish a platform for delivery of therapeutic material to skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedah M Hindi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Petrany
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elena Greenfeld
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leah C Focke
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa A W Cramer
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Whitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopedics and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Departments of Neurology, Medicine and Biochemistry, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vikram Prasad
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle development and regeneration depend on cellular fusion of myogenic progenitors to generate multinucleated myofibers. These progenitors utilize two muscle-specific fusogens, Myomaker and Myomerger, which function by remodeling cell membranes to fuse to each other or to existing myofibers. Myomaker and Myomerger expression is restricted to differentiating progenitor cells as they are not detected in adult myofibers. However, Myomaker remains expressed in myofibers from mice with muscular dystrophy. Ablation of Myomaker from dystrophic myofibers results in reduced membrane damage, leading to a model where persistent fusogen expression in myofibers, in contrast to myoblasts, is harmful. METHODS Dox-inducible transgenic mice were developed to ectopically express Myomaker or Myomerger in the myofiber compartment of skeletal muscle. We quantified indices of myofiber membrane damage, such as serum creatine kinase and IgM+ myofibers, and assessed general muscle histology, including central nucleation, myofiber size, and fibrosis. RESULTS Myomaker or Myomerger expression in myofibers independently caused membrane damage at acute time points. This damage led to muscle pathology, manifesting with centrally nucleated myofibers and muscle atrophy. Dual expression of both Myomaker and Myomerger in myofibers exacerbated several aspects of muscle pathology compared to expression of either fusogen by itself. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that while myofibers can tolerate some level of Myomaker and Myomerger, expression of a single fusogen above a threshold or co-expression of both fusogens is damaging to myofibers. These results explain the paradigm that their expression in myofibers can have deleterious consequences in muscle pathologies and highlight the need for their highly restricted expression during myogenesis and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip C Witcher
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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19
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Kurosaka M, Hung YL, Machida S, Kohda K. IL-4 Signaling Promotes Myoblast Differentiation and Fusion by Enhancing the Expression of MyoD, Myogenin, and Myomerger. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091284. [PMID: 37174683 PMCID: PMC10177410 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for skeletal muscle development, growth, and regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying myoblast fusion and differentiation are not fully understood. Previously, we reported that interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes myoblast fusion; therefore, we hypothesized that IL-4 signaling might regulate the expression of the molecules involved in myoblast fusion. In this study, we showed that in addition to fusion, IL-4 promoted the differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells by inducing myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) and myogenin, both of which regulate the expression of myomerger and myomaker, the membrane proteins essential for myoblast fusion. Unexpectedly, IL-4 treatment increased the expression of myomerger, but not myomaker, in C2C12 cells. Knockdown of IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) in C2C12 cells by small interfering RNA impaired myoblast fusion and differentiation. We also demonstrated a reduction in the expression of MyoD, myogenin, and myomerger by knockdown of IL-4Rα in C2C12 cells, while the expression level of myomaker remained unchanged. Finally, cell mixing assays and the restoration of myomerger expression partially rescued the impaired fusion in the IL-4Rα-knockdown C2C12 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the IL-4/IL-4Rα axis promotes myoblast fusion and differentiation via the induction of myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and myogenin, and myomerger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yung-Li Hung
- Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kohda
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
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20
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Lee S, Baek M, Khaliq SA, Parveen A, Kim SY, Kim J, Kim I, Yoon M. Antarctic krill extracts enhance muscle regeneration and muscle function via mammalian target of rapamycin regulation. J Funct Foods 2023; 103:105483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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21
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Hindi SM, Petrany MJ, Greenfeld E, Focke LC, Cramer AA, Whitt MA, Prasad V, Chamberlain JS, Podbilewicz B, Millay DP. Enveloped viruses pseudotyped with mammalian myogenic cell fusogens target skeletal muscle for gene delivery. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.17.533157. [PMID: 36993357 PMCID: PMC10055243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Entry of enveloped viruses into cells is mediated by fusogenic proteins that form a complex between membranes to drive rearrangements needed for fusion. Skeletal muscle development also requires membrane fusion events between progenitor cells to form multinucleated myofibers. Myomaker and Myomerger are muscle-specific cell fusogens, but do not structurally or functionally resemble classical viral fusogens. We asked if the muscle fusogens could functionally substitute for viral fusogens, despite their structural distinctiveness, and fuse viruses to cells. We report that engineering of Myomaker and Myomerger on the membrane of enveloped viruses leads to specific transduction of skeletal muscle. We also demonstrate that locally and systemically injected virions pseudotyped with the muscle fusogens can deliver micro-Dystrophin (μDys) to skeletal muscle of a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Through harnessing the intrinsic properties of myogenic membranes, we establish a platform for delivery of therapeutic material to skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedah M. Hindi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J. Petrany
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elena Greenfeld
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leah C. Focke
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa A.W. Cramer
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A. Whitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
- Departments of Neurology, Medicine and Biochemistry, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Douglas P. Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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22
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Tomasch J, Maleiner B, Hromada C, Szwarc-Hofbauer D, Teuschl-Woller AH. Cyclic Tensile Stress Induces Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Myonuclear Accretion in a 3D Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:257-268. [PMID: 36606693 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly adaptive to mechanical stress due to its resident stem cells and the pronounced level of myotube plasticity. Herein, we study the adaptation to mechanical stress and its underlying molecular mechanisms in a tissue-engineered skeletal muscle model. We subjected differentiated 3D skeletal muscle-like constructs to cyclic tensile stress using a custom-made bioreactor system, which resulted in immediate activation of stress-related signal transducers (Erk1/2, p38). Cell cycle re-entry, increased proliferation, and onset of myogenesis indicated subsequent myoblast activation. Furthermore, elevated focal adhesion kinase and β-catenin activity in mechanically stressed constructs suggested increased cell adhesion and migration. After 3 days of mechanical stress, gene expression of the fusogenic markers MyoMaker and MyoMixer, myotube diameter, myonuclear accretion, as well as S6 activation, were significantly increased. Our results highlight that we established a promising tool to study sustained adaptation to mechanical stress in healthy, hypertrophic, or regenerating skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Tomasch
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Babette Maleiner
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Hromada
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorota Szwarc-Hofbauer
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas H Teuschl-Woller
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Flynn CGK, Ginkel PRV, Hubert KA, Guo Q, Hrycaj SM, McDermott AE, Madruga A, Miller AP, Wellik DM. Hox11-expressing interstitial cells contribute to adult skeletal muscle at homeostasis. Development 2023; 150:dev201026. [PMID: 36815629 PMCID: PMC10110422 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial stromal cells play critical roles in muscle development, regeneration and repair and we have previously reported that Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 are expressed in the interstitial cells of muscles attached to the zeugopod, and are crucial for the proper embryonic patterning of these muscles. Hoxa11eGFP expression continues in a subset of muscle interstitial cells through adult stages. The induction of Hoxa11-CreERT2-mediated lineage reporting (Hoxa11iTom) at adult stages in mouse results in lineage induction only in the interstitial cells. However, Hoxa11iTom+ cells progressively contribute to muscle fibers at subsequent stages. The contribution to myofibers exceeds parallel Pax7-CreERT2-mediated lineage labeling. Nuclear-specific lineage labeling demonstrates that Hoxa11-expressing interstitial cells contribute nuclear contents to myofibers. Crucially, at no point after Hoxa11iTom induction are satellite cells lineage labeled. When examined in vitro, isolated Hoxa11iTom+ interstitial cells are not capable of forming myotubes, but Hoxa11iTom+ cells can contribute to differentiating myotubes, supporting Hox-expressing interstitial cells as a new population of muscle progenitors, but not stem cells. This work adds to a small but growing body of evidence that supports a satellite cell-independent source of muscle tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey G. K. Flynn
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul R. Van Ginkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katharine A. Hubert
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Genetics Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Steven M. Hrycaj
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aubrey E. McDermott
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Angelo Madruga
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Anna P. Miller
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deneen M. Wellik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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24
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Flack KD, Vítek L, Fry CS, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Cutting edge concepts: Does bilirubin enhance exercise performance? Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1040687. [PMID: 36713945 PMCID: PMC9874874 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise performance is dependent on many factors, such as muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular capacity, liver health, and metabolic flexibility. Recent studies show that plasma levels of bilirubin, which has classically been viewed as a liver dysfunction biomarker, are elevated by exercise training and that elite athletes may have significantly higher levels. Other studies have shown higher plasma bilirubin levels in athletes and active individuals compared to general, sedentary populations. The reason for these adaptions is unclear, but it could be related to bilirubin's antioxidant properties in response to a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that originates from mitochondria during exercise. However, the mechanisms of these are unknown. Current research has re-defined bilirubin as a metabolic hormone that interacts with nuclear receptors to drive gene transcription, which reduces body weight. Bilirubin has been shown to reduce adiposity and improve the cardiovascular system, which might be related to the adaption of bilirubin increasing during exercise. No studies have directly tested if elevating bilirubin levels can influence athletic performance. However, based on the mechanisms proposed in the present review, this seems plausible and an area to consider for future studies. Here, we discuss the importance of bilirubin and exercise and how the combination might improve metabolic health outcomes and possibly athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Flack
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Correspondence: Kyle D. Flack Terry D. Hinds
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Correspondence: Kyle D. Flack Terry D. Hinds
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25
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Bernard C, Zavoriti A, Pucelle Q, Chazaud B, Gondin J. Role of macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy-Implications for immunomodulatory strategies. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15480. [PMID: 36200266 PMCID: PMC9535344 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue that regenerates ad integrum after injury and adapts to raise mechanical loading/contractile activity by increasing its mass and/or myofiber size, a phenomenon commonly refers to as skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Both muscle regeneration and hypertrophy rely on the interactions between muscle stem cells and their neighborhood, which include inflammatory cells, and particularly macrophages. This review first summarizes the role of macrophages in muscle regeneration in various animal models of injury and in response to exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. Then, the potential contribution of macrophages to skeletal muscle hypertrophy is discussed on the basis of both animal and human experiments. We also present a brief comparative analysis of the role of macrophages during muscle regeneration versus hypertrophy. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge on the impact of different immunomodulatory strategies, such as heat therapy, cooling, massage, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and resolvins, on skeletal muscle regeneration and their potential impact on muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bernard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Aliki Zavoriti
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Quentin Pucelle
- Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐En‐YvelinesVersaillesFrance
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
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26
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Hung YL, Sato A, Takino Y, Ishigami A, Machida S. Influence of oestrogen on satellite cells and myonuclear domain size in skeletal muscles following resistance exercise. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2525-2536. [PMID: 35818664 PMCID: PMC9530499 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen deficiency reduces skeletal muscle mass and force generation in postmenopausal women. Muscle mass is maintained by satellite cells, which are regulated by oestrogen. Although oestrogen therapy enhances muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training in postmenopausal women, the molecular mechanism is unclear. METHODS Adult female rats (10 weeks old) were divided into six groups: sham sedentary (Sham-Sed), sham climbing training (Sham-CT), ovariectomy sedentary (OVX-Sed), ovariectomy climbing training (OVX-CT), ovariectomy plus oestrogen treatment sedentary (OVX+E-Sed), and ovariectomy plus oestrogen treatment climbing training (OVX+E-CT). At 8 weeks after ovariectomy, rats in the training group were trained (one session every 3 days for 8 weeks) to climb a ladder while bearing a load. Oestrogen treatment involved subcutaneous insertion of a 17β-oestradiol pellet. After 8 weeks, the flexor hallucis longus muscle was collected and analysed. RESULTS Following climbing training, the flexor hallucis longus muscle mass and muscle-to-body weight ratios were dramatically increased by training (main effect of training, P < 0.01); the OVX+E-CT group showed the highest values (main effect of group, P < 0.01). The cross-sectional area of all muscle fibre types was increased by training (main effect of training, P < 0.01). Particularly, the cross-sectional area of MHC IIa in the OVX+E-CT group was significantly larger than that in the Sham-CT and OVX-CT groups. Satellite cell numbers were increased in all training groups (main effect of training, P < 0.05), and the myonuclear number was increased by training (main effect of training, P < 0.01), but there was no main group effect. The myonuclear domain size of all muscle fibre types and MHC IIa was increased in all training groups (main effect of training, P < 0.01) and showed a main group effect (P < 0.01). The myonuclear domain sizes of all muscle fibre types and MHC IIa in the OVX+E-CT group were significantly larger than those in the Sham-CT and OVX-CT groups. The total RNA contents revealed main effects of training and the group (P < 0.01); the OVX+E-CT group showed the highest contents (main effect of group, P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of rpS6 were increased in the OVX+E-Sed and CT groups (main effects of group, P < 0.05). Particularly, the 28S ribosomal RNA content in OVX+E-Sed group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-Sed group. CONCLUSIONS Oestrogen enhanced the resistance training-induced increase in myonuclear domain size but did not affect satellite cells and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Li Hung
- Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayami Sato
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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27
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Chen YF, Lee CW, Wu HH, Lin WT, Lee OK. Immunometabolism of macrophages regulates skeletal muscle regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948819. [PMID: 36147742 PMCID: PMC9485946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength disease. In addition, sarcopenia is tightly correlated with age-associated pathologies, such as sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies in muscle regeneration requires a deeper knowledge of the interaction of skeletal muscle and other cells in the muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that requires a series of highly coordinated events involving communication between muscle stem cells and niche cells, such as muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors and macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in tissue regeneration and the maintenance of muscle homeostasis by producing growth factors and cytokines that regulate muscle stem cells and myofibroblast activation. Furthermore, the aging-related immune dysregulation associated with the release of trophic factors and the polarization in macrophages transiently affect the inflammatory phase and impair muscle regeneration. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of macrophages in skeletal muscle regeneration and homeostasis. The aim of this review is to highlight the important roles of macrophages as a therapeutic target in age-related sarcopenia and the increasing understanding of how macrophages are regulated will help to advance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chen
- Center for Translational Genomics Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Oscar K. Lee,
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28
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Brightwell CR, Latham CM, Thomas NT, Keeble AR, Murach KA, Fry CS. A glitch in the matrix: the pivotal role for extracellular matrix remodeling during muscle hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C763-C771. [PMID: 35876284 PMCID: PMC9448331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00200.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multinuclear muscle fibers are the most voluminous cells in skeletal muscle and the primary drivers of growth in response to loading. Outside the muscle fiber, however, is a diversity of mononuclear cell types that reside in the extracellular matrix (ECM). These muscle-resident cells are exercise-responsive and produce the scaffolding for successful myofibrillar growth. Without proper remodeling and maintenance of this ECM scaffolding, the ability to mount an appropriate response to resistance training in adult muscles is severely hindered. Complex cellular choreography takes place in muscles following a loading stimulus. These interactions have been recently revealed by single-cell explorations into muscle adaptation with loading. The intricate ballet of ECM remodeling involves collagen production from fibrogenic cells and ECM modifying signals initiated by satellite cells, immune cells, and the muscle fibers themselves. The acellular collagen-rich ECM is also a mechanical signal-transducer and rich repository of growth factors that may directly influence muscle fiber hypertrophy once liberated. Collectively, high levels of collagen expression, deposition, and turnover characterize a well-trained muscle phenotype. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent evidence for how the ECM and its cellular components affect loading-induced muscle hypertrophy. We also address how the muscle fiber may directly take part in ECM remodeling, and whether ECM dynamics are rate limiting for muscle fiber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Brightwell
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christine M Latham
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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29
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Abstract
Despite the evolutionary loss of tissue regenerative potential, robust skeletal muscle repair processes are largely retained even in higher vertebrates. In mammals, the skeletal muscle regeneration program is driven by resident stem cells termed satellite cells, guided by the coordinated activity of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and other cell types. A thorough understanding of muscle repair mechanisms is crucial not only for combating skeletal myopathies, but for its prospective aid in devising therapeutic strategies to endow regenerative potential on otherwise regeneration-deficient organs. In this review, we discuss skeletal muscle regeneration from an evolutionary perspective, summarize the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and highlight novel paradigms of muscle repair revealed by explorations of the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedah M Hindi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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30
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Barshick MR, Gonzalez ML, Busse NI, Helsel PJ, Johnson SE. The initial delay to mitotic activity in primary cultures of equine satellite cells is reduced by combinations of growth factors. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652326. [PMID: 35908788 PMCID: PMC9339324 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cell (SC) activation is defined as the time frame during which the stem cell becomes poised to reenter G1 of the cell cycle. The growth factors and events leading to full mitotic activation in equine SCs remain largely unknown. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are sequentially transcribed during the muscle repair and recovery period following strenuous exercise in adult horses. Expression of IGF-I occurs within 24 h of the postexercise recovery period suggesting it may affect early SC actions. As a first step, gluteus medius muscle cryosections from adult horses (n = 9) were examined for the presence of central nuclei (CN), a marker of SC addition to the fiber. Results demonstrate few CN fibers prior to exercise with a 3-fold increase (P = 0.05) 24 h postexercise. Cultures of SC (n = 4 isolates) were treated with 100 ng/mL IGF-I for varying times prior to measurement of myogenic events. Results demonstrate that IGF-I does not affect the initial lag period, proliferation, or subsequent differentiation of equine SC in vitro (P > 0.05). However, media containing a combination of IGF-I and 10 ng/mL FGF2 and 25 ng/mL HGF hastens (P < 0.05) the time to S-phase entry in fresh isolates of SCs. Media supplementation with optimal concentrations of FGF2, HGF, or a combination of HGF and FGF2 suppresses (P < 0.05) the percentage of myogenin immunopositive SCs to levels below that found in control- or IGF-I-treated SCs. These results provide new insight into the combinatorial roles growth factors play during equine SC myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R Barshick
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Madison L Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Nicolas I Busse
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Patricia J Helsel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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31
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Fukada SI, Higashimoto T, Kaneshige A. Differences in muscle satellite cell dynamics during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 35794679 PMCID: PMC9258228 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle homeostasis and function are ensured by orchestrated cellular interactions among several types of cells. A noticeable aspect of skeletal muscle biology is the drastic cell–cell communication changes that occur in multiple scenarios. The process of recovering from an injury, which is known as regeneration, has been relatively well investigated. However, the cellular interplay that occurs in response to mechanical loading, such as during resistance training, is poorly understood compared to regeneration. During muscle regeneration, muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) rebuild multinuclear myofibers through a stepwise process of proliferation, differentiation, fusion, and maturation, whereas during mechanical loading-dependent muscle hypertrophy, MuSCs do not undergo such stepwise processes (except in rare injuries) because the nuclei of MuSCs become directly incorporated into the mature myonuclei. In this review, six specific examples of such differences in MuSC dynamics between regeneration and hypertrophy processes are discussed.
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32
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Ramirez-Martinez A, Zhang Y, van den Boogaard MJ, McAnally JR, Rodriguez-Caycedo C, Chai AC, Chemello F, Massink MP, Cuppen I, Elferink MG, van Es RJ, Janssen NG, Walraven-van Oijen LP, Liu N, Bassel-Duby R, van Jaarsveld RH, Olson EN. Impaired activity of the fusogenic micropeptide Myomixer causes myopathy resembling Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:159002. [PMID: 35642635 PMCID: PMC9151691 DOI: 10.1172/jci159002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers contain hundreds of nuclei, which increase the overall transcriptional activity of the tissue and perform specialized functions. Multinucleation occurs through myoblast fusion, mediated by the muscle fusogens Myomaker (MYMK) and Myomixer (MYMX). We describe a human pedigree harboring a recessive truncating variant of the MYMX gene that eliminates an evolutionarily conserved extracellular hydrophobic domain of MYMX, thereby impairing fusogenic activity. Homozygosity of this human variant resulted in a spectrum of abnormalities that mimicked the clinical presentation of Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome (CFZS), caused by hypomorphic MYMK variants. Myoblasts generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells displayed defective fusion, and mice bearing the human MYMX variant died perinatally due to muscle abnormalities. In vitro assays showed that the human MYMX variant conferred minimal cell-cell fusogenicity, which could be restored with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated base editing, thus providing therapeutic potential for this disorder. Our findings identify MYMX as a recessive, monogenic human disease gene involved in CFZS, and provide new insights into the contribution of myoblast fusion to neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Ramirez-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Caycedo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andreas C Chai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Jj van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nard G Janssen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Buckley KH, Nestor-Kalinoski AL, Pizza FX. Positional Context of Myonuclear Transcription During Injury-Induced Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:845504. [PMID: 35492593 PMCID: PMC9040890 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.845504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental aspects underlying downstream processes of skeletal muscle regeneration, such as myonuclear positioning and transcription are poorly understood. This investigation begins to address deficiencies in knowledge by examining the kinetics of myonuclear accretion, positioning, and global transcription during injury-induced muscle regeneration in mice. We demonstrate that myonuclear accretion plateaus within 7 days of an injury and that the majority (∼70%) of myonuclei are centrally aligned in linear arrays (nuclear chains) throughout the course of regeneration. Relatively few myonuclei were found in a peripheral position (∼20%) or clustered (∼10%) together during regeneration. Importantly, transcriptional activity of individual myonuclei in nuclear chains was high, and greater than that of peripheral or clustered myonuclei. Transcription occurring primarily in nuclear chains elevated the collective transcriptional activity of regenerating myofibers during the later stage of regeneration. Importantly, the number of myonuclei in chains and their transcriptional activity were statistically correlated with an increase in myofiber size during regeneration. Our findings demonstrate the positional context of transcription during regeneration and highlight the importance of centralized nuclear chains in facilitating hypertrophy of regenerating myofibers after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kole H Buckley
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Francis X Pizza
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Ramírez-ramírez M, Fernández-valverde F, Reséndiz-garcía A, Martínez-damas M, Cano-martínez LJ, Zentella-dehesa A, Coral-vázquez R. (-) - Epicatechin improves Tibialis anterior muscle repair in CD1 mice with BaCl2-induced damage. J Nutr Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bachman JF, Chakkalakal JV. Insights into muscle stem cell dynamics during postnatal development. FEBS J 2022; 289:2710-2722. [PMID: 33811430 PMCID: PMC9947813 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During development, resident stem cell populations contribute to the growth and maturation of tissue and organs. In skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), are responsible for the maturation of postnatal myofibers. However, the role SCs play in later stages of postnatal growth, and thus, when they enter a mature quiescent state is controversial. Here, we discuss the current literature regarding the role SCs play in all stages of postnatal growth, from birth to puberty onset to young adulthood. We additionally highlight the implications of SC loss or dysfunction during developmental stages, both in the context of experimental paradigms and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, United States.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States
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36
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Petkov S, Brenmoehl J, Langhammer M, Hoeflich A, Röntgen M. Myogenic Precursor Cells Show Faster Activation and Enhanced Differentiation in a Male Mouse Model Selected for Advanced Endurance Exercise Performance. Cells 2022; 11:1001. [PMID: 35326452 PMCID: PMC8947336 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SATC), the most abundant skeletal muscle stem cells, play a main role in muscle plasticity, including the adaptive response following physical activity. Thus, we investigated how long-term phenotype selection of male mice for high running performance (Dummerstorf high Treadmill Performance; DUhTP) affects abundance, creatine kinase activity, myogenic marker expression (Pax7, MyoD), and functionality (growth kinetics, differentiation) of SATC and their progeny. SATC were isolated from sedentary male DUhTP and control (Dummerstorf Control; DUC) mice at days 12, 43, and 73 of life and after voluntary wheel running for three weeks (day 73). Marked line differences occur at days 43 and 73 (after activity). At both ages, analysis of SATC growth via xCELLigence system revealed faster activation accompanied by a higher proliferation rate and lower proportion of Pax7+ cells in DUhTP mice, indicating reduced reserve cell formation and faster transition into differentiation. Cultures from sedentary DUhTP mice contain an elevated proportion of actively proliferating Pax7+/MyoD+ cells and have a higher fusion index leading to the formation of more large and very large myotubes at day 43. This robust hypertrophic response occurs without any functional load in the donor mice. Thus, our selection model seems to recruit myogenic precursor cells/SATC with a lower activation threshold that respond more rapidly to external stimuli and are more primed for differentiation at the expense of more primitive cells.
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37
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Attwaters M, Hughes SM. Cellular and molecular pathways controlling muscle size in response to exercise. FEBS J 2022; 289:1428-1456. [PMID: 33755332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery of ATP and motor proteins to synaptic neurotransmitters and growth factor control of cell differentiation, skeletal muscle has provided an extreme model system in which to understand aspects of tissue function. Muscle is one of the few tissues that can undergo both increase and decrease in size during everyday life. Muscle size depends on its contractile activity, but the precise cellular and molecular pathway(s) by which the activity stimulus influences muscle size and strength remain unclear. Four correlates of muscle contraction could, in theory, regulate muscle growth: nerve-derived signals, cytoplasmic calcium dynamics, the rate of ATP consumption and physical force. Here, we summarise the evidence for and against each stimulus and what is known or remains unclear concerning their molecular signal transduction pathways and cellular effects. Skeletal muscle can grow in three ways, by generation of new syncytial fibres, addition of nuclei from muscle stem cells to existing fibres or increase in cytoplasmic volume/nucleus. Evidence suggests the latter two processes contribute to exercise-induced growth. Fibre growth requires increase in sarcolemmal surface area and cytoplasmic volume at different rates. It has long been known that high-force exercise is a particularly effective growth stimulus, but how this stimulus is sensed and drives coordinated growth that is appropriately scaled across organelles remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Attwaters
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
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38
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Ganassi M, Muntoni F, Zammit PS. Defining and identifying satellite cell-opathies within muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 411:112906. [PMID: 34740639 PMCID: PMC8784828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies arise from specific genetic mutations causing skeletal muscle weakness that reduces quality of life. Muscle health relies on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells, which enable life-course muscle growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. Such tuned plasticity gradually diminishes in muscle diseases, suggesting compromised satellite cell function. A central issue however, is whether the pathogenic mutation perturbs satellite cell function directly and/or indirectly via an increasingly hostile microenvironment as disease progresses. Here, we explore the effects on satellite cell function of pathogenic mutations in genes (myopathogenes) that associate with muscle disorders, to evaluate clinical and muscle pathological hallmarks that define dysfunctional satellite cells. We deploy transcriptomic analysis and comparison between muscular dystrophies and myopathies to determine the contribution of satellite cell dysfunction using literature, expression dynamics of myopathogenes and their response to the satellite cell regulator PAX7. Our multimodal approach extends current pathological classifications to define Satellite Cell-opathies: muscle disorders in which satellite cell dysfunction contributes to pathology. Primary Satellite Cell-opathies are conditions where mutations in a myopathogene directly affect satellite cell function, such as in Progressive Congenital Myopathy with Scoliosis (MYOSCO) and Carey-Fineman-Ziter Syndrome (CFZS). Primary satellite cell-opathies are generally characterised as being congenital with general hypotonia, and specific involvement of respiratory, trunk and facial muscles, although serum CK levels are usually within the normal range. Secondary Satellite Cell-opathies have mutations in myopathogenes that affect both satellite cells and muscle fibres. Such classification aids diagnosis and predicting probable disease course, as well as informing on treatment and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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39
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Minai L, Yelin D. Plasmonic fusion between fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells for skeletal muscle regeneration. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:608-619. [PMID: 35284171 PMCID: PMC8884231 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Normal regeneration of skeletal muscle takes place by the differentiation of muscle-specific stem cells into myoblasts that fuse with existing myofibers for muscle repair. This natural repair mechanism could be ineffective in some cases, for example in patients with genetic muscular dystrophies or massive musculoskeletal injuries that lead to volumetric muscle loss. In this study we utilize the effect of plasmonic cell fusion, i.e. the fusion between cells conjugated by gold nanospheres and irradiated by resonant femtosecond laser pulses, for generating human heterokaryon cells of myoblastic and fibroblastic origin, which further develop into viable striated myotubes. The heterokaryon cells were found to express the myogenic transcription factors MyoD and Myogenin, as well as the Desmin protein that is essential in the formation of sarcomeres, and could be utilized in various therapeutic approaches that involve transplantation of cells or engineered tissue into the damaged muscle.
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40
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Ato S, Fukada SI, Kokubo H, Ogasawara R. Implication of satellite cell behaviors in capillary growth via VEGF expression-independent mechanism in response to mechanical loading in HeyL-null mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C275-C282. [PMID: 35020502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00343.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and muscle satellite cell (SC)-mediated myonuclear accretion are considered essential for the robust response of contraction-induced muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, both myonucleus and SCs are physically adjacent to capillaries and are the major sites for the expression of proangiogenic factors, such as VEGF, in the skeletal muscle. Thus, events involving the addition of new myonuclei via activation of SCs may play an important role in angiogenesis during muscle hypertrophy. However, the relevance among myonuclei number, capillary supply, and angiogenesis factor is not demonstrated. The Notch effector HeyL is specifically expressed in SCs in the skeletal muscle and is crucial for SC proliferation by inhibiting MyoD in overload-induced muscle hypertrophy. Here, we tested whether the addition of new myonuclei by SC in overloaded muscle is associated with angiogenic adaptation by reanalyzing skeletal muscle from HeyL-knockout (KO) mice, which show blunted responses of SC proliferation, myonucleus addition, and overload-induced muscle hypertrophy. Reanalysis confirmed blunted SC proliferation and myonuclear accretion in the plantaris muscle of HeyL-KO mice 9 wk after synergist ablation. Interestingly, the increase in capillary-to-fiber ratio observed in wild-type (WT) mice was impaired in HeyL-KO mice. In both WT and HeyL-KO mice, the expression of VEGFA and VEGFB was similarly increased in response to overload. In addition, the expression pattern of TSP-1, a negative regulator of angiogenesis, was also not changed between WT and HeyL-KO mice. Collectively, these results suggest that SCs activation-myonuclear accretion plays a crucial role in angiogenesis during overload-induced muscle hypertrophy via independent of angiogenesis regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
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41
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Petrosino JM, Longenecker JZ, Angell CD, Hinger SA, Martens CR, Accornero F. CCN2 participates in overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Matrix Biol 2022; 106:1-11. [PMID: 35045313 PMCID: PMC8854352 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of skeletal muscle growth following pro-hypertrophic stimuli requires a coordinated response by different cell types that leads to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and increases in muscle cross-sectional area. Indeed, matricellular proteins serve a key role as communication vehicles that facilitate the propagation of signaling stimuli required for muscle adaptation to environmental challenges. We found that the matricellular protein cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is induced during a time course of overload-driven skeletal muscle hypertrophy in mice. To elucidate the role of CCN2 in mediating the hypertrophic response, we utilized genetically engineered mouse models for myofiber-specific CCN2 gain- and loss-of-function and then examined their response to mechanical stimuli through muscle overload. Interestingly, myofiber-specific deletion of CCN2 blunted muscle's hypertrophic response to overload without interfering with ECM deposition. On the other hand, when in excess through transgenic CCN2 overexpression, CCN2 was efficient in promoting overload-induced aberrant ECM accumulation without affecting myofiber growth. Altogether, our genetic approaches highlighted independent ECM and myofiber stress adaptation responses, and positioned CCN2 as a central mediator of both. Mechanistically, CCN2 acts by regulating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediated transduction of overload-induced extracellular signals, including interleukin 6 (IL6), and their regulatory impact on global protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Overall, our study highlights the contribution of muscle-derived extracellular matrix factor CCN2 for proper hypertrophic muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Petrosino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob Z Longenecker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Colin D Angell
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott A Hinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Colton R Martens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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42
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Ortuste Quiroga HP, Ganassi M, Yokoyama S, Nakamura K, Yamashita T, Raimbach D, Hagiwara A, Harrington O, Breach-Teji J, Asakura A, Suzuki Y, Tominaga M, Zammit PS, Goto K. Fine-Tuning of Piezo1 Expression and Activity Ensures Efficient Myoblast Fusion during Skeletal Myogenesis. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 35159201 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli, such as stretch and resistance training, are essential in regulating the growth and functioning of skeletal muscles. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in sensing mechanical stress during muscle formation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 during myogenic progression of both fast and slow muscle satellite cells. We found that Piezo1 level increases during myogenic differentiation and direct manipulation of Piezo1 in muscle stem cells alters the myogenic progression. Indeed, Piezo1 knockdown suppresses myoblast fusion, leading to smaller myotubes. Such an event is accompanied by significant downregulation of the fusogenic protein Myomaker. In parallel, while Piezo1 knockdown also lowers Ca2+ influx in response to stretch, Piezo1 activation increases Ca2+ influx in response to stretch and enhances myoblasts fusion. These findings may help understand molecular defects present in some muscle diseases. Our study shows that Piezo1 is essential for terminal muscle differentiation acting on myoblast fusion, suggesting that Piezo1 deregulation may have implications in muscle aging and degenerative diseases, including muscular dystrophies and neuromuscular disorders.
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43
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Petrosino JM, Hinger SA, Golubeva VA, Barajas JM, Dorn LE, Iyer CC, Sun HL, Arnold WD, He C, Accornero F. The m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 regulates muscle maintenance and growth in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:168. [PMID: 35013323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle serves fundamental roles in organismal health. Gene expression fluctuations are critical for muscle homeostasis and the response to environmental insults. Yet, little is known about post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating such fluctuations while impacting muscle proteome. Here we report genome-wide analysis of mRNA methyladenosine (m6A) dynamics of skeletal muscle hypertrophic growth following overload-induced stress. We show that increases in METTL3 (the m6A enzyme), and concomitantly m6A, control skeletal muscle size during hypertrophy; exogenous delivery of METTL3 induces skeletal muscle growth, even without external triggers. We also show that METTL3 represses activin type 2 A receptors (ACVR2A) synthesis, blunting activation of anti-hypertrophic signaling. Notably, myofiber-specific conditional genetic deletion of METTL3 caused spontaneous muscle wasting over time and abrogated overload-induced hypertrophy; a phenotype reverted by co-administration of a myostatin inhibitor. These studies identify a previously unrecognized post-transcriptional mechanism promoting the hypertrophic response of skeletal muscle via control of myostatin signaling. Muscle undergoes hypertrophy and atrophy in response to physiological stimuli or in pathological conditions, which is partially controlled through altered gene expression. Here the authors report that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 and mRNA m6A post-transcriptional modifications as a mechanism that regulates muscle hypertrophy and atrophy via myostatin signalling in mice.
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44
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Fukada SI. [Involvement of muscle stem cell in skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by mechanical loading and drugs]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:23-25. [PMID: 34980805 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in our body, consisting of bundles of multinuclear cells called myofibers. Skeletal muscle is responsible for locomotion, metabolism, and life activities such as swallowing and respiration, and is also attracting attention as an endocrine organ. Skeletal muscle has two abilities, regeneration and adaptation, and the understanding of these mechanisms is expected to contribute to the development of therapies for muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophies and muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle-specific stem cells, muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are involved in these abilities. As well as other tissue stem cells, MuSCs are also maintained in a dormant state under steady-state conditions. However, when myofibers are damaged, they start to proliferate and eventually rebuilt new myofibers. While, muscle hypertrophy is one of the "adaptation", and MuSCs contribute to muscle hypertrophy by supplying new nuclei to myofibers. In contrast to studies of MuSCs during regeneration, the dynamics of MuSCs during hypertrophy had not been well studied. One reason is that the specific regulatory mechanisms of MuSC in hypertrophic muscle had not been elucidated. In addition to physical stimuli, drugs such as dopings, hormones, and myostatin inhibition are known to induce muscle hypertrophy. The necessity of MuSCs and new myonuclei in various model of muscle hypertrophy has been highly debated. In this review, we introduce the mechanism of MuSC proliferation specific to hypertrophic muscle, and outline the mechanism of muscle hypertrophy induced by exercise and drugs and the involvement of MuSCs.
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Emmert ME, Aggarwal P, Shay-Winkler K, Lee SJ, Goh Q, Cornwall R. Sex-specific role of myostatin signaling in neonatal muscle growth, denervation atrophy, and neuromuscular contractures. eLife 2022; 11:81121. [PMID: 36314781 PMCID: PMC9873256 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) causes disabling and incurable muscle contractures that result from impaired longitudinal growth of denervated muscles. This deficit in muscle growth is driven by increased proteasome-mediated protein degradation, suggesting a dysregulation of muscle proteostasis. The myostatin (MSTN) pathway, a prominent muscle-specific regulator of proteostasis, is a putative signaling mechanism by which neonatal denervation could impair longitudinal muscle growth, and thus a potential target to prevent NBPI-induced contractures. Through a mouse model of NBPI, our present study revealed that pharmacologic inhibition of MSTN signaling induces hypertrophy, restores longitudinal growth, and prevents contractures in denervated muscles of female but not male mice, despite inducing hypertrophy of normally innervated muscles in both sexes. Additionally, the MSTN-dependent impairment of longitudinal muscle growth after NBPI in female mice is associated with perturbation of 20S proteasome activity, but not through alterations in canonical MSTN signaling pathways. These findings reveal a sex dimorphism in the regulation of neonatal longitudinal muscle growth and contractures, thereby providing insights into contracture pathophysiology, identifying a potential muscle-specific therapeutic target for contracture prevention, and underscoring the importance of sex as a biological variable in the pathophysiology of neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Emmert
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Parul Aggarwal
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Kritton Shay-Winkler
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- The Jackson LaboratoryFarmingtonUnited States,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Qingnian Goh
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Roger Cornwall
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
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46
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Noviello C, Kobon K, Delivry L, Guilbert T, Britto F, Julienne F, Maire P, Randrianarison-huetz V, Sotiropoulos A. RhoA within myofibers controls satellite cell microenvironment to allow hypertrophic growth. iScience 2022; 25:103616. [PMID: 35106464 PMCID: PMC8786647 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue that can adapt its size to workload. Here, we show that RhoA within myofibers is needed for overload-induced hypertrophy by controlling satellite cell (SC) fusion to the growing myofibers without affecting protein synthesis. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that RhoA controls in a cell autonomous manner Erk1/2 activation and the expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators such as Mmp9/Mmp13/Adam8 and macrophage chemo-attractants such as Ccl3/Cx3cl1. Their decreased expression in RhoA mutants is associated with ECM and fibrillar collagen disorganization and lower macrophage infiltration. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinases inhibition and macrophage depletion in controls phenocopied the altered growth of RhoA mutants while having no effect in mutants showing that their action is RhoA-dependent. These findings unravel the implication of RhoA within myofibers, in the building of a permissive microenvironment for muscle hypertrophic growth and for SC accretion through ECM remodeling and inflammatory cell recruitment. RhoA within myofibers controls SC fusion and muscle hypertrophic growth RhoA controls the expression of Mmps and of macrophage chemoattractants (Ccl3/Cx3cl1) RhoA controls ECM remodeling and macrophage recruitment upon hypertrophy Mmp inhibition and macrophage depletion phenocopy the blunted growth of RhoA mutant muscles
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47
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Kaneshige A, Kaji T, Zhang L, Saito H, Nakamura A, Kurosawa T, Ikemoto-Uezumi M, Tsujikawa K, Seno S, Hori M, Saito Y, Matozaki T, Maehara K, Ohkawa Y, Potente M, Watanabe S, Braun T, Uezumi A, Fukada SI. Relayed signaling between mesenchymal progenitors and muscle stem cells ensures adaptive stem cell response to increased mechanical load. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:265-280.e6. [PMID: 34856120 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to mechanical load, leading to enhanced force and power output, is a characteristic feature of skeletal muscle. Formation of new myonuclei required for efficient muscle hypertrophy relies on prior activation and proliferation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). However, the mechanisms controlling MuSC expansion under conditions of increased load are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that interstitial mesenchymal progenitors respond to mechanical load and stimulate MuSC proliferation in a surgical mouse model of increased muscle load. Mechanistically, transcriptional activation of Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz) in mesenchymal progenitors results in local production of thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1), which, in turn, drives MuSC proliferation through CD47 signaling. Under homeostatic conditions, however, CD47 signaling is insufficient to promote MuSC proliferation and instead depends on prior downregulation of the Calcitonin receptor. Our results suggest that relayed signaling between mesenchymal progenitors and MuSCs through a Yap1/Taz-Thbs1-CD47 pathway is critical to establish the supply of MuSCs during muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kaneshige
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kaji
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hayato Saito
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayasa Nakamura
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kurosawa
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Madoka Ikemoto-Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Maehara
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH) - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuichi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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48
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Fukada SI, Ito N. Regulation of muscle hypertrophy: Involvement of the Akt-independent pathway and satellite cells in muscle hypertrophy. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112907. [PMID: 34793776 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of multinuclear cells called myofibers and have unique abilities, one of which is plasticity. In response to the mechanical load induced by physical activity, skeletal muscle exerts several local adaptations, including an increase in myofiber size and myonuclear number, known as muscle hypertrophy. Protein synthesis and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) are mainly responsible for these adaptations. However, the upstream signaling pathways that promote protein synthesis remain controversial. Further, the necessity of MuSCs in muscle hypertrophy is also a highly debated issue. In this review, we summarized the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/Akt-independent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in muscle hypertrophy and the involvement of mTOR signaling in age-related loss of skeletal muscle function and mass and in sarcopenia. The roles and behaviors of MuSCs, characteristics of new myonuclei in muscle hypertrophy, and their relevance to sarcopenia have also been updated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation (IBRI), Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
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49
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Murach KA, Fry CS, Dupont-Versteegden EE, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Fusion and beyond: Satellite cell contributions to loading-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21893. [PMID: 34480776 PMCID: PMC9293230 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell-cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of time in the absence of satellite cells, but satellite cell participation is ultimately required to achieve full adaptive potential, be it growth, function, or proprioceptive coordination. While significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of satellite cells in adult muscle over the last few decades, many conclusions have been extrapolated from regeneration studies. This review highlights our current understanding of satellite cell behavior and contributions to adaptation outside of regeneration in adult muscle, as well as the roles of satellite cells beyond fusion and myonuclear accretion, which are gaining broader recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Murach
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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50
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle has attracted attention as endocrine organ, because exercise-dependent cytokines called myokines/exerkines are released from skeletal muscle and are involved in systemic functions. While, local mechanical loading to skeletal muscle by exercise or resistance training alters myofiber type and size and myonuclear number. Skeletal muscle-resident stem cells, known as muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for the increased number of myonuclei. Under steady conditions, MuSCs are maintained in a mitotically quiescent state but exit from that state and start to proliferate in response to high physical activity. Alterations in MuSC behavior occur when myofibers are damaged, but the lethal damage to myofibers does not seem to evoke mechanical loading-dependent MuSC activation and proliferation. Given that MuSCs proliferate without damage, it is unclear how the different behaviors of MuSCs are controlled by different physical activities. Recent studies demonstrated that myonuclear number reflects the size of myofibers; hence, it is crucial to know the properties of MuSCs and the mechanism of myonuclear accretion by MuSCs. In addition, the elucidation of mechanical load-dependent changes in muscle resident cells, including MuSCs, will be necessary for the discovery of new myokines/exerkines and understating skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayasa Nakamura
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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