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Akbulut H, Tang Y, Akbulut KG, Maynard J, Deisseroth AB. Combination of vaccine with targeted chemotherapy reduced levels of CSC like (CD44 +CD24 - hematopoietic lineage negative {LIN -}) cells and improves outcome of cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Deisseroth AB, Tang Y, Akbulut H, Maynard J, Petersen L. Donor lymphocyte infusions from Ad-sig-TAA/ecdCD40L vector prime-TAA/ecdCD40L protein boost (VPP) vaccinated allodonors decrease tumor cell growth post allograft. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3071 Background: Individuals of advanced chronological age exhibit an impaired immune response to vaccines. This may be due to a reduction in the ratio of antigen naïve/memory CD4 and CD8 T cells and acquisition of functional defects in activated “helper” CD4 T cells (eg diminished CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression) during the aging process. Methods: In order to circumvent this defective response to vaccines in individuals in the fifth and sixth decades of life, our laboratory has developed an adenoviral vector (Ad-sig- TAA/ecdCD40L) vaccine which is designed for the in vivo target associated antigen (TAA) loading and activation of dendritic cells (DCs), and to overcome the absence of CD40L expression in activated CD4 helper T cells in older individuals. Results: The subcutaneous (sc) injection of this vector leads to the release of a fusion protein composed of a TAA linked to the extracellular domain (ecd) of the CD40 ligand (CD40L), which binds to the CD40 receptor on DCs, activates the DCs, and leads to the presentation of TAA fragments on Class I MHC. Two sc injections of the TAA/ecdCD40L protein as a booster following the sc administration of the Ad-sig-TAA/ecdCD40L vector (VPP) expands the magnitude of the cellular and humoral immune response induced by the vector in 18 month old aged mice as well as in younger mice. This vaccine decreased levels of negative regulatory CD4 FOXP3 T cells in tumor nodules. We administered TBI and an allogeneic stem cell transplant 7 days post sc injection of the E7 positive TC-1 cells. DLI from an Ad-sig-E7/ecdCD40L vector prime-E7/ecdCD40L protein boost vaccinated donor were injected iv 3 days post transplant, and a single E7/ecdCD40L protein boost sc vaccination one week thereafter. We found that the growth rate of the E7 positive TC-1 tumor cells post allograft was less in the vaccinated than in the control (injection of tumor cells followed in 7 days by TBI), or the animals in which the allograft recipient was vaccinated without DLI. Conclusions: Thus, the use of DLI from VPP vaccinated allodonors decreased tumor cell growth post allograft. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Tang
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
| | - H. Akbulut
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
| | - J. Maynard
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
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Abstract
The 2005 International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer (ISCGT) Congress was held in Shenzhen, China (www.iscgtchina2005.com) from December 9th-11th 2005. Here, we describe a representation of the most seminal presentations providing an overview of the progress in the field of cancer gene therapy including the successful introduction of the first approved gene therapy drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Guinn
- King's College London School of Medicine, Department of Haematological Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, UK.
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Deisseroth AB, Tang Y, Zhang L, Akbulut H, Linton PJ. Vector vaccine overcomes anergy. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Tang
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
| | - L. Zhang
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
| | - H. Akbulut
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA
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5
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Zhang W, Deisseroth AB. Direct PCR sequencing with denaturants (formamide). Methods Mol Biol 2003; 65:137-47. [PMID: 8956261 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-344-9:137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Neuro-oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA
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Fujii T, Brandsma JL, Peng X, Srimatkandada S, Li L, Canaan A, Deisseroth AB. High and low levels of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus E2 protein generate opposite effects on gene expression. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:867-74. [PMID: 11013251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The papillomavirus E2 protein plays an important role in viral transcriptional regulation and replication. We chose to study the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) E2 protein as a transcriptional regulator because of the availability of an animal model for papilloma formation, which may be relevant for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and replication. We studied the effect of expression levels of E2 on the long control region, which contains transcriptional promoter and enhancer elements, and synthetic E2-dependent artificial promoters in which the E2 was the dominant factor in the transcriptional activation. These experiments indicated that high levels of E2 were inhibitory and low levels were stimulatory for transactivation. In addition, we showed that the complex formed between CRPV E2 and the cognate binding site was less stable than the complex formed between HPV E2 and the same cognate binding site. Furthermore, we showed that CRPV E2 binding to its transcriptional regulatory sequence was stabilized by other proteins such as E1, which produced increments in transcriptional activation of E2-dependent genes. The data may be used to define conditions in which the rabbit model can be used for the screening of drugs which are inhibitory to the HPV and CRPV replication and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujii
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Genetic Therapy Program of the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8032, USA
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7
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Yin L, Zhao X, Fu S, Garacia-Sanchez F, Deisseroth AB. [Correlation of cell apoptosis induction with expression of human beta5 integrin on hematopoietic cells]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:13-6. [PMID: 11877043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of alpha(v)beta5 integrin in hematopoietic cells. METHODS Beta5 integrin cDNA was expressed in K562 cells through a retroviral vector system. The changes of the alpha(v)beta5 and alpha(v)beta3 integrins expression in apoptosis and differentiation induced by serum depletion were observed. RESULT The beta5 integrin cDNA failed to express in K562 cells after the introduction of the beta5 integrin retrovirus vector pG beta5CHT. Imbalanced expression of alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 integrins occurred during apoptosis and differentiation induced by serum depletion. Treatment of hematopoietic cells with anti-alpha(v)beta5 monoclonal antibody inhibited the cells apoptosis. CONCLUSION Overexpression of the alpha(v)beta5 integrin cDNA in hematopoietic cells was associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Leonard KA, Deisseroth AB, Austin DJ. Combinatorial chemistry in cancer drug development. Cancer J 2001; 7:79-83. [PMID: 11269651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The field of combinatorial chemistry has grown at an enormous rate in recent years, both in response to high-throughput capabilities and the discovery of a plethora of novel therapeutic targets. This review attempts to outlinethe recent developments of combinatorial chemistry in the search for novel cancer-related therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Rosenberg SA, Blaese RM, Brenner MK, Deisseroth AB, Ledley FD, Lotze MT, Wilson JM, Nabel GJ, Cornetta K, Economou JS, Freeman SM, Riddell SR, Brenner M, Oldfield E, Gansbacher B, Dunbar C, Walker RE, Schuening FG, Roth JA, Crystal RG, Welsh MJ, Culver K, Heslop HE, Simons J, Wilmott RW, Boucher RC, Siegler HF, Barranger JA, Karlsson S, Kohn D, Galpin JE, Raffel C, Hesdorffer C, Ilan J, Cassileth P, O'Shaughnessy J, Kun LE, Das TK, Wong-Staal F, Sobol RE, Haubrich R, Sznol M, Rubin J, Sorcher EJ, Rosenblatt J, Walker R, Brigham K, Vogelzang N, Hersh E, Eck SL. Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:919-79. [PMID: 10779168 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050015536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hortobagyi GN, Buzdar AU, Theriault RL, Valero V, Frye D, Booser DJ, Holmes FA, Giralt S, Khouri I, Andersson B, Gajewski JL, Rondon G, Smith TL, Singletary SE, Ames FC, Sneige N, Strom EA, McNeese MD, Deisseroth AB, Champlin RE. Randomized trial of high-dose chemotherapy and blood cell autografts for high-risk primary breast carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:225-33. [PMID: 10655439 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled studies have reported encouraging outcomes for patients with high-risk primary breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to compare standard-dose chemotherapy with the same therapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes after primary breast surgery or patients with four or more positive lymph nodes after four cycles of primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy were eligible. All patients were to receive eight cycles of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cyclophosphamide (FAC). Patients were stratified by stage and randomly assigned to receive two cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support or no additional chemotherapy. Tamoxifen was planned for postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors and chest wall radiotherapy was planned for all. All P values are from two-sided tests. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients (48 after primary surgery and 30 after primary chemotherapy) were registered. Thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to FAC and 39 to FAC followed by high-dose chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, there have been 41 relapses. In intention-to-treat analyses, estimated 3-year relapse-free survival rates were 62% and 48% for FAC and FAC/high-dose chemotherapy, respectively (P =.35), and 3-year survival rates were 77% and 58%, respectively (P =.23). Overall, there was greater and more frequent morbidity associated with high-dose chemotherapy than with FAC; there was one septic death associated with high-dose chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS No relapse-free or overall survival advantage was associated with the use of high-dose chemotherapy, and morbidity was increased with its use. Thus, high-dose chemotherapy is not indicated outside a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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11
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Rosenberg SA, Blaese RM, Brenner MK, Deisseroth AB, Ledley FD, Lotze MT, Wilson JM, Nabel GJ, Cornetta K, Economou JS, Freeman SM, Riddell SR, Oldfield E, Gansbacher B, Dunbar C, Walker RE, Schuening FG, Roth JA, Crystal RG, Welsh MJ, Culver K, Heslop HE, Simons J, Wilmott RW, Habib NA. Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Hum Gene Ther 1999; 10:3067-123. [PMID: 10609664 DOI: 10.1089/10430349950016465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Yin L, Fu S, Zhao X, Garcia-Sanchez F, Deisseroth AB. Correlation of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction with expression of human beta 5 integrin on hematopoietic cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 1999; 112:659-64. [PMID: 11601265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of the alpha v beta 5 integrin in hematopoietic cells. METHODS Tissue culture, integrin expression vectors, gene transfer, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), apoptosis analyses and cytometic analysis were made on hematopoietic cells. RESULTS The beta 5 integrin cDNA was not expressed in hematopoietic cells following exposure to the beta 5 integrin retrovirus vector pG beta 5CHT. Unbalanced expression of the alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 integrins occurred during apoptosis induced by serum depletion and upon differentiation. The treatment of hematopoietic cells with anti-alpha v beta 5 monoclonal antibody inhibited apoptosis induced by serum depletion. Inducible expression of the beta 5 integrin cDNA in the hematopoietic cell line K562 caused cellular proliferation inhibition. CONCLUSION The alpha v beta 5 integrin cDNA in hematopoietic cells can inhibit the proliferation of the hematopoietic cell, cause the differentiation of the hematopoietic cells and induce the apoptosis of the hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Deisseroth AB. Clinical trials involving multidrug resistance transcription units in retroviral vectors. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:1607-9. [PMID: 10430058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Abstract
L-selectin, a surface adhesion glycoprotein expressed on leukocytes, has a well-established role in mediating inflammation and lymphocyte recirculation. Recent evidence suggests that L-selectin may also influence hematopoiesis. We observed that a greater proportion of CD34+ cells express L-selectin in cord blood compared with adult bone marrow, and we hypothesized that L-selectin expression is associated with enhanced clonogenic properties. To test this, we compared CD34+/L-selectin+ cells with CD34+/L-selectin- cells in hematopoietic clonogenic assays. From CD34+/L-selectin+ cell cultures, we observed a 3-fold increase of d 12-14 colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage and multipotent progenitor cells, and a 5-fold enhancement of primitive d 21 high proliferative potential colony-forming cells compared with the progeny of CD34+/L-selectin- cells. We conclude that CD34+ cord blood cells expressing L-selectin are enriched in their clonogenic activity compared with cell fractions lacking L-selectin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Koenig
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Przepiorka D, Khouri I, Thall P, Mehra R, Lee MS, Ippoliti C, Giralt S, Gajewski J, van Besien K, Andersson B, Körbling M, Deisseroth AB, Champlin R. Thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23:977-81. [PMID: 10373061 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six adults with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in second or greater chronic phase, accelerated phase, or blast crisis underwent marrow or blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling using high-dose thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide (TBC) as the preparative regimen. All evaluable patients engrafted and had complete donor chimerism. One patient failed to clear meningeal leukemia, and one patient had one of 30 metaphases positive for the Philadelphia chromosome at 2 months post transplant. The remainder of the patients studied had eradication of CML documented by cytogenetics and/or Southern blot for BCR gene rearrangement, and 13 of 15 patients studied became negative for the BCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction. Three-year relapse rate is 42% (95% CI, 19-64%). The relapse rate was significantly lower for patients transplanted without blast crisis (9% vs 100%, P < 0.001). Eight (22%, 95% CI, 10-39%) patients had severe or fatal veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Elevated liver enzymes within 1 month prior to transplantation and transplantation using marrow were significantly associated with the occurrence of VOD. Three-year survival is 28% (95% CI, 13-43%). Survival was significantly higher for patients transplanted without blast crisis (45% vs 0%, P = 0.01). TBC is an effective preparative regimen for CML in accelerated phase but not refractory blast crisis, and it should be used with caution in patients with prior hepatopathy who have an increased risk of severe VOD.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/therapy
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Busulfan/administration & dosage
- Busulfan/adverse effects
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/etiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr
- Risk Factors
- Thiotepa/administration & dosage
- Thiotepa/adverse effects
- Transplantation Conditioning/adverse effects
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- D Przepiorka
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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16
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Chung I, Schwartz PE, Crystal RG, Pizzorno G, Leavitt J, Deisseroth AB. Use of L-plastin promoter to develop an adenoviral system that confers transgene expression in ovarian cancer cells but not in normal mesothelial cells. Cancer Gene Ther 1999; 6:99-106. [PMID: 10195877 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an adenoviral vector system that would generate a pattern of expression of exogenous therapeutic genes appropriate for the treatment of ovarian cancer. For this purpose, we have generated a replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector, AdLPLacZ, which contains the human L-plastin (LP) promoter (LP-P) driving the Escherichia coli LacZ gene. LP is constitutively expressed at high levels in malignant epithelial cells but is not expressed in normal tissues, except at low levels in mature hematopoietic cells. Because adenoviral vectors infect early hematopoietic multilineage precursor cells only poorly or not at all, this vector would be of use in the peritoneal cavity and in vitro for marrow purging. We first analyzed the expression of the LacZ reporter gene in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, normal fibroblasts, and leukemia cell lines using the adenoviral vector in which the LacZ gene is governed by the LP-P promoter (AdLPLacZ) or in which the LacZ gene is governed by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (AdCMVLacZ). We found equivalent and high levels of expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) by AdLPLacZ and AdCMVLacZ vectors in the breast or ovarian cancer cell lines as well as in a fibrosarcoma cell line, indicating that the adenoviral vectors infected these cells and expressed their transgenes equally with the LP and CMV promoters. Expression of the LacZ gene with the CMV vector but not with the LP-P vector was observed in experiments with normal fibroblasts, indicating that the vectors infected the cells, but that the LP-P was not active within them. In hematopoietic cells such as U937 cells, no measurable beta-gal activity was detected in cells infected either by AdLPLacZ or by AdCMVLacZ, indicating that the adenoviral vectors were not infecting the cells. Although beta-gal activity was observed in fresh ascitic ovarian cancer cells after infection with adenoviral vectors containing CMV or the LP promoters, beta-gal activity was detected in a portion of a biopsy of normal peritoneum when the tissues were exposed to the AdCMVLacZ vector, but not when tissues were exposed to the AdLPLacZ vector. These results suggest that the transcription of therapeutic genes in cells infected by the AdLP vectors would be restricted to LP expression-positive ovarian carcinoma cells but would not be seen in the normal mesothelial cells of the peritoneal cavity. This possibility implies that adenoviral vectors carrying therapeutic genes driven by the LP-P would be of use for the intracavitary treatment ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chung
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8032, USA
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17
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Guo XY, Balague C, Wang T, Randhawa G, Yuan Z, Bachier C, Greenberger J, Arlinghaus R, Kufe D, Deisseroth AB. The presence of the Rb c-box peptide in the cytoplasm inhibits p210bcr-abl transforming function. Oncogene 1999; 18:1589-95. [PMID: 10102629 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to test if the carboxyl terminal polypeptide of the Retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein, could be used to suppress the growth factor-independent growth phenotype of p210bcr-abl positive myeloid cells, we introduced a truncated form of the 3' end of the Rb cDNA encoding its last 173 amino acid residues (Rb C-box) which localize into the cytoplasm where the p210bcr-abl transforming protein is found, into myeloid cells (32D) which depends on the p210bcr-abl protein for IL3 growth factor-independent growth (32D-p210). The expression of the plasmid vectors carrying the Rb C-box cDNAs was shown to inhibit the abl tyrosine specific protein kinase activity of the p210(bcr-abl) oncoprotein and to suppress the IL3-independent growth phenotype of the 32D-p210 cells. The Rb C-box polypeptides did not suppress the growth of the untransfected 32D parental cell line in methylcellulose in the presence of IL3-conditioned medium. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic localization of the p210(bcr-abl) allows it to escape the effect of intranuclear proteins such as Rb which negatively regulate the p145(c-abl) kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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18
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Lane CM, Guo XY, Macaluso LH, Yung KC, Deisseroth AB. Presence of P210bcrabl is associated with decreased expression of a beta chemokine C10 gene in a P210bcrabl-positive myeloid leukemia cell line. Mol Med 1999; 5:55-61. [PMID: 10072448 PMCID: PMC2230372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is thought to start with the acquisition of the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation that codes for the P210bcrabl tyrosine-specific protein kinase. The CML cells exhibit anchorage-independent cell growth and genetic instability. After the initial phase, the cells acquire the phenotype of growth factor-independent growth. After the chronic phase, the disease evolves into the accelerated and blastic phases through the process of sequential random mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify some of the genetic changes that contribute to the phenotype of blastic and accelerated phase cells, we used differential display PCR to compare levels of cDNA reverse transcripts of mRNA in 32Dc13 cells and 32Dc13 cells that were stably transfected with a bcrabl cDNA plasmid in a constitutively expressed transcription unit. These cells were designated 32Dc13P210bcrabl. For these studies, we used the 32D myeloid leukemia cell line, which depends on IL-3 for growth. RESULTS Following introduction of the bcr-abl cDNA through transfection, the cell line became growth factor independent, mimicking the change in phenotype that occurs during the later phases of CML. These differential display screening assays detected altered levels of transcripts for 28 genes. Of interest to the biology of growth factor-independent growth in the bcrabl-positive 32D cells was the fact that the C10 beta chemokine gene was expressed at higher levels in the 32Dc13 cells than in the 32Dc13P210bcrabl cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that a C10 beta chemokine gene was expressed at different levels with or without P210bcrabl.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Phenotype
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lane
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Bachier CR, Giles RE, Ellerson D, Hanania EG, Garcia-Sanchez F, Andreeff M, Cabanillas F, Champlin R, Choudhury R, Berenson R, Heimfeld S, Deisseroth AB. Hematopoietic retroviral gene marking in patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 1999; 32:279-88. [PMID: 10037025 DOI: 10.3109/10428199909167388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a double retroviral vector (RV) gene marking trial to test for the possible contribution to relapse of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (FNHL) cells present in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) grafts used for hematopoietic reconstitution of patients undergoing myelaoblative chemotherapy and autologous transplant. CD34 positive selection using the CellPro Ceprate CD34 column was performed on PB mononuclear cells obtained after cyclophosphamide/G-CSF mobilization. CD34 positive cells were exposed for 4-6 hours to the LNL6 or G1 Na RV in the absence of growth factors or stromal monolayers. One week later, BM mononuclear cells were similarly processed. Patients then received total body irradiation (TBI), cyclophosphamide, and etoposide followed by infusion of both PB and BM CD34 positive cells. Semiquantitative Southern blot analysis of DNA t(14;18) amplification products showed approximately a three log reduction in t(14;18) positive cells after CD34 positive selection. The first patient showed evidence of engraftment with RV positive BM and PB cells for 9 months. He relapsed one year after transplant. At relapse, one year after transplant, he had lost evidence of RV positive cells in ficolled mononuclear BM and PB cells as well as in CD19 positive cells. The second and third patients showed evidence of engraftment with RV positive cells up to 9 and 6 months post BMT respectively. The second and third patients are still in clinical remission. Our results demonstrate engraftment of RV transduced hematopoietic cells in the PB and BM for up to 9 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Bachier
- South Texas Cancer Institute, San Antonio 78229, USA
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20
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Deisseroth AB. How to do more with less. Cancer J Sci Am 1998; 4:349-50. [PMID: 9853132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A B Deisseroth
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8032, USA
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21
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Guo XY, Cuillerot JM, Wang T, Wu Y, Arlinghaus R, Claxton D, Bachier C, Greenberger J, Colombowala I, Deisseroth AB. Peptide containing the BCR oligomerization domain (AA 1-160) reverses the transformed phenotype of p210bcr-abl positive 32D myeloid leukemia cells. Oncogene 1998; 17:825-33. [PMID: 9779999 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We first showed that the introduction of a bcr-abl transcription unit into the 32D murine myeloid cell line (P210bcrabl32D) converts this cell line from an IL3 dependent cell line to an IL3 growth independent cell line. We next cloned a fragment of the bcr-abl cDNA, which codes for the bcr oligomerization domain and neighboring regions. To test for a transformation inhibitory effect of this oligomerization inhibitory peptide transcription unit on the p210bcr-abl mediated IL3 independent growth of the P210bcrabl32D cell line, we transiently co-electroporated into the growth factor dependent 32D cells, mixtures of plasmids which contained varying ratios of the plasmid expression vectors for the bcr oligomerization inhibitory peptide along with a smaller amount of the plasmid expression vector for the full length p210bcr-abl. (The P210bcr-abl protein converts the 32D from a growth factor dependent into a growth factor independent cell line.) We then showed that the oligomerization domain containing fragment from the bcr and bcr-abl proteins, can be used to inhibit the IL3 independent growth of p210bcr-abl positive 32D cells. These studies may be of eventual interest for those investigators whose goal is to design molecular therapeutic approaches to CML based on the use of peptidomimetic chemical functionalities, which mimic the structure and the inhibitory binding properties of the oligomerization domain containing fragment so as to inhibit the transforming function of the P210bcr-abl oncoprotein.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
- Mice
- Phenotype
- Plasmids
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Gene Therapy Program of the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8032, USA
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22
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Kornblau SM, Andreeff M, Hu SX, Xu HJ, Patel S, Theriault A, Koller C, Kantarjian H, Estey E, Deisseroth AB, Benedict WF. Low and maximally phosphorylated levels of the retinoblastoma protein confer poor prognosis in newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia: a prospective study. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4:1955-63. [PMID: 9717825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A prior retrospective study suggested that the level of retinoblastoma protein (RB) expression was prognostic for survival in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Individuals with no/low RB protein expression were considered to have loss of RB function, and those with maximally phosphorylated (maxphos) RB were also felt to have nonfunctional RB. To confirm this, we prospectively investigated whether the level of RB expression was prognostic in AML in a larger cohort of patients. RB level was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis on peripheral blood samples from 210 newly diagnosed AML patients. Patients were divided into three groups based on the level of RB protein expression (i.e., no or low, elevated, and maxphos) or into two groups on the basis of presumed RB function, altered function (AF-RB, low and maxphos RB), versus normal function (NF-RB, elevated RB). By combined results of Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis, 20%, 65%, and 15% of patients had low, elevated, and maxphos RB, respectively. Most patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with a French-American-British classification of M3 were in the low RB group, likely reflecting a lower proliferative rate of promyelocytes. Analysis was performed with and without these APL patients. The median survival was significantly shorter for both patients with low RB expression (48 weeks, P = 0.05, including APL patients; 34 weeks, corrected P = 0.008, with APL patients excluded) and maxphos RB expression (51 weeks, P = 0.007) compared to those with elevated RB expression (122 weeks including and 98 weeks excluding APL patients). Differences were greatest among patients with nonfavorable prognosis cytogenetics (median survival, 34 weeks versus 85 weeks; corrected P = 0.001 for AF-RB versus NF-RB). Remission duration was also significantly shorter for non-APL patients with AF-RB versus NF-RB (median survival, 36 weeks versus not reached; corrected P = 0.02). In multivariate analyses, including cytogenetics, performance status, age, antecedent hematological disorder, and RB status, with and without APL patients included, no/low and maxphos-RB protein expression were independent predictors for poorer survival. This prospective study confirms that the level of expression of RB is a strong prognostic factor in AML, with an inferior survival experience being associated with no/low RB and maxphos RB expression. Therefore, therapeutic decisions based on the level of RB expression may be indicated, and protocols to incorporate this are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kornblau
- Department of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4095, USA.
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23
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Garcia-Sanchez F, Pizzorno G, Fu SQ, Nanakorn T, Krause DS, Liang J, Adams E, Leffert JJ, Yin LH, Cooperberg MR, Hanania E, Wang WL, Won JH, Peng XY, Cote R, Brown R, Burtness B, Giles R, Crystal R, Deisseroth AB. Cytosine deaminase adenoviral vector and 5-fluorocytosine selectively reduce breast cancer cells 1 million-fold when they contaminate hematopoietic cells: a potential purging method for autologous transplantation. Blood 1998; 92:672-82. [PMID: 9657770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ad.CMV-CD is a replication incompetent adenoviral vector carrying a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven transcription unit of the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene. The CD transcription unit in this vector catalyzes the deamination of the nontoxic pro-drug, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), thus converting it to the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This adenoviral vector prodrug activation system has been proposed for use in selectively sensitizing breast cancer cells, which may contaminate collections of autologous stem cells products from breast cancer patients, to the toxic effects of 5-FC, without damaging the reconstitutive capability of the normal hematopoietic cells. This system could conceivably kill even the nondividing breast cancer cells, because the levels of 5-FU generated by this system are 10 to 30 times that associated with systemic administration of 5-FU. The incorporation of 5-FU into mRNA at these high levels is sufficient to disrupt mRNA processing and protein synthesis so that even nondividing cells die of protein starvation. To test if the CD adenoviral vector sensitizes breast cancer cells to 5-FC, we exposed primary explants of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) and the established breast cancer cell (BCC) lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 to the Ad.CMV-CD for 90 minutes. This produced a 100-fold sensitization of these epithelial cells to the effects of 48 hours of exposure to 5-FC. We next tested the selectivity of this system for BCC. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), collected from cancer patients during the recovery phase from conventional dose chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, were exposed to the Ad.CMV-CD for 90 minutes in serum-free conditions, little or no detectable conversion of 5-FC into 5-FU was seen even after 48 hours of exposure to high doses of 5-FC. In contrast, 70% of 5-FC was converted into the cytotoxic agent 5-FU when MCF-7 breast cancer cells (BCCs) were exposed to the same Ad.CMV-CD vector followed by 5-FC for 48 hours. All of the BCC lines tested were shown to be sensitive to infection by adenoviral vectors when exposed to a recombinant adenoviral vector containing the reporter gene betagalactosidase (Ad.CMV-betagal). In contrast, less than 1% of the CD34-selected cells and their more immature subsets, such as the CD34+CD38- or CD34(+)CD33- subpopulations, were positive for infection by the Ad.CMV-betagal vector, as judged by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, when exposed to the adenoviral vector under conditions that did not commit the early hematopoietic precursor cells to maturation. When artificial mixtures of hematopoietic cells and BCCs were exposed for 90 minutes to the Ad.CMV-CD vector and to 5-FC for 10 days or more, a greater than 1 million fold reduction in the number of BCCs, as measured by colony-limiting dilution assays, was observed. To test if the conditions were damaging for the hematopoietic reconstituting cells, marrow cells collected from 5-FU-treated male donor mice were incubated with the cytosine deaminase adenoviral vector and then exposed to 5-FC either for 4 days in vitro before transplantation or for 14 days immediately after transplantation in vivo. There was no significant decrease in the reconstituting capability of the male marrow cells, as measured by their persistence in female irradiated recipients for up to 6 months after transplantation. These observations suggest that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase gene followed by exposure to the nontoxic pro-drug 5-FC may be a potential strategy to selectively reduce the level of contaminating BCCs in collections of hematopoietic cells used for autografts in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Garcia-Sanchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8032, USA
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24
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Randhawa GS, Cui H, Barletta JA, Strichman-Almashanu LZ, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Deisseroth AB, Champlin RC, Feinberg AP. Loss of imprinting in disease progression in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1998; 91:3144-7. [PMID: 9558368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiologic role of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been known for nearly 20 years. However, the most significant morbidity and mortality in CML are caused by progression to blast crisis, about which comparatively little is known at the molecular level. Genomic imprinting is a chromosomal modification leading to parental-origin-specific gene expression in somatic cells. Recently, we and others have described loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2), leading to biallelic rather than monoallelic expression in a wide variety of solid tumors. We have now examined the imprinting status of IGF2 in samples from CML patients in stable phase, accelerated phase, and blast crisis. Five of six stable-phase patients showed normal imprinting, but LOI was found in all six cases of advanced disease (three accelerated phase, three blast crisis), which was statistically highly significant (P < .01). Thus, LOI represents a novel type of genetic alteration in CML that appears to be specifically associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Randhawa
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Molecular Biology & Genetics, and the Graduate Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Deng G, Lane C, Kornblau S, Goodacre A, Snell V, Andreeff M, Deisseroth AB. Ratio of bcl-xshort to bcl-xlong is different in good- and poor-prognosis subsets of acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Med 1998; 4:158-64. [PMID: 9562974 PMCID: PMC2230351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous collection of leukemic disorders ranging from chemotherapy-sensitive subsets [inversion 16 and t(8;21)], which often can be cured with cytosine arabinoside alone, to the most resistant subsets, which can survive even supralethal levels of combination alkylator chemotherapy (cytogenetic subsets monosomy 5 and monosomy 7). MATERIALS AND METHODS To analyze the expression of BCL-2 family genes, which are expressed in these subsets of AML, we used PCR sequence amplification reactions that are dependent on oligonucleotide primers representing the BH1 and BH2 homology domains to generate the unique regions between BH1 and BH2. These primers are conserved among all members of the BCL-2 gene family and are separated by a 150 nucleotide region sequence between the BH1 and BH2 domains. The PCR products unique to each BCL-2 family member were cloned directionally into sequencing vectors. The identity of the insert of each clone was determined by slotblots of the DNA amplified from individual colonies and by hybridization with radioactive probes specific to the bcl-2, bcl-x, or bax genes. RESULTS We found that bcl-2 is the predominant member expressed in AML samples with a poor prognosis (-5, -7), whereas the transcripts of bcl-x are higher than those of bcl-2 in the AML samples with a good prognosis [inv16, t(8;21)]. No significant difference in bax expression was detected between AML subsets of good and bad prognosis. The ratio of bcl-xlong, which inhibits apoptosis, to bcl-xshort, which promotes apoptosis, was determined by amplification with a pair of primers specific to bcl-x followed by separation of the PCR product on agarose gels. Bcl-xlong and bcl-xshort appeared as bands of different molecular mass on a molecular weight gel and were visualized by ethidium bromide staining or Southern blot analysis with a bcl-x-specific probe. CONCLUSIONS We found that the ratio of bcl-x long to bcl-x short was higher in the AML patients with a poor prognosis. These experiments showed that the levels of BCL-2 family members in the leukemia cells of good- and poor-prognosis subsets are different. In addition, novel members of the BCL-2 family were isolated from the cells of AML patients of either prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deng
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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26
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Wang MW, Consoli U, Lane CM, Durett A, Lauppe MJ, Champlin R, Andreeff M, Deisseroth AB. Rescue from apoptosis in early (CD34-selected) versus late (non-CD34-selected) human hematopoietic cells by very late antigen 4- and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) 1-dependent adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Growth Differ 1998; 9:105-12. [PMID: 9486846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) recognize the alpha4beta1 integrin receptor. This monoclonal antibody blocks the adhesion between early hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34-selected cells) and stromal cells when added to cultures of these cells. Addition of the VLA-4 monoclonal antibody to cultures of stromal cells and CD34-selected cells was shown to induce apoptosis of CD34-selected cells in these CD34-selected cell/stromal cell cocultures, as measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling method. In contrast to these experiments with early hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+), the level of adhesion between more differentiated cells (unfractionated hematopoietic cells) and stromal cells was not significantly altered by addition of the anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody. Similarly, the level of apoptosis of unfractionated hematopoietic cells was not significantly increased by the addition of anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody to cultures of the latter cells with stromal cells. The binding of the unfractionated cells is less than that of the CD34-selected cells. Given that there is no difference between the alpha4beta1 integrin expression level of the early and late myeloid cells, there may be a difference in the functional state of the integrin between the early and late myeloid cells. We also show that CD34+-selected precursor cells proliferate at a higher rate when these cells are plated on recombinant vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 molecules. These data indicate that the alpha4beta1 integrin receptor (VLA-4) plays a central role in the apoptosis rescue function that results from the anchorage-dependent growth of the CD34-selected early hematopoietic cells on stromal cells. The data suggest that these apoptosis rescue pathways have less significance as the cells mature and become anchorage independent in their growth. These data should assist in the design of systems for the ex vivo proliferation and transduction of early hematopoietic cells for genetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Wang
- The Medical Oncology Section and The Comprehensive Cancer Center of The Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8032, USA
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27
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Rosenberg SA, Blaese RM, Brenner MK, Deisseroth AB, Ledley FD, Lotze MT, Wilson JM, Nabel GJ, Cornetta K, Economou JS, Freeman SM, Riddell SR, Oldfield E, Gansbacher B, Dunbar C, Walker RE, Schuening FG, Roth JA, Crystal RG, Welsh MJ, Culver K, Heslop HE, Simons J, Wilmott RW, Boucher RC. Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Hum Gene Ther 1997; 8:2301-38. [PMID: 9449381 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1997.8.18-2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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28
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Hu G, Liu W, Mendelsohn J, Ellis LM, Radinsky R, Andreeff M, Deisseroth AB. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and human papillomavirus E6/E7 proteins in cervical carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:1271-6. [PMID: 9293917 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/89.17.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) proteins are highly expressed in many tumors, including those of the cervix. We have observed previously that the introduction of a transcription unit containing an antisense sequence for the E6/E7 genes of human papillomavirus (HPV) 18, along with a transcription unit containing a sense complementary DNA sequence for the wild-type retinoblastoma (Rb) gene, decreased the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells (HPV 18 positive) both in vitro and in vivo. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms by which this reduction in cell proliferation occurred, we studied the expression of EGF-R proteins in these cells. METHODS Western blot and northern blot techniques were used to measure EGF-R expression, and a pulse-chase immunoprecipitation assay was used to measure the stability of EGF-R protein in HeLa cells and HeLa cells that had been transfected with the antisense E6/E7 or sense Rb sequences. Cell proliferation was measured by use of a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for numbers of viable cells. RESULTS The introduction of sense Rb or antisense E6/E7 transcription units or a combination of these two transcription units into HeLa cells dramatically decreased the level of EGF-R proteins in these cells; EGF-R levels were not affected at the transcriptional level but at the post-transcriptional level. Addition of the anti-EGF-R-specific monoclonal antibody 225mAb to HeLa cells caused 53% (95% confidence interval = 44%-62%) growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HeLa cervical carcinoma cells are dependent on EGF-R for proliferation and that changes in functional levels of the E6/E7 HPV proteins and endogenous Rb proteins may alter the growth rate of cervical cancer cell lines by reducing the stability of EGF-R at the post-transcriptional level.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Retinoblastoma/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hu
- Department of Hematology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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29
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Abstract
The large size of the adenoviral genome unfortunately precludes there being many unique, useful restriction sites available for in vitro manipulation. Two methods have been developed for the construction of recombinant adenoviral vectors to date: in vivo homologous recombination or direct ligation in vitro. The efficiency of either the direct ligation method or the homologous recombination method is low because of the large size of the recombinant adenoviral vectors. To circumvent these problems, we have chosen to use the cosmid vector system to facilitate the assembly of recombinant adenoviral vectors. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that recombinant adenoviral vectors can be efficiently constructed in vitro by the cosmid vector system. With this method, it is possible to amplify the recombinant adenoviral vector DNA sufficiently to transfect 293 cells. The cosmid adenoviral vector cloning method for in vitro construction of the full-length recombinant adenoviral vectors represented here is simple and efficient and should facilitate the development of recombinant adenoviral vectors for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fu
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA
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30
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Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a positive transcriptional regulatory protein which acts in the interferon signal transduction pathway to activate the transcription of the type I interferon genes by binding to the PRDI response element. The aim of this study was to explore the role of IRF-1 in regulating the expression of other interferon-stimulated genes in the interferon signal transduction pathway. A transient transfection assay was used to show that IRF-1 induced the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. The induction was a direct result of IRF-1 binding to the promoters of the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). The levels of endogenous mRNA of two interferon-stimulated genes, 6-16 and 9-27, were increased in cells containing increased levels of IRF-1. In addition, IRF-1 activates the expression of IRF-2, a negative regulator of the type I interferon genes themselves. Two sequences were found in the IRF-2 promoter which were the binding sites for IRF-1. Mutations in the oligonucleotide sequences of these sites could abolish the binding of the IRF-1. These data suggested that IRF-1 not only plays an important role in the induction of type I interferon genes, but also in the activation of interferon-stimulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Henderson
- Department of Hematology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, U.S.A
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31
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Deisseroth AB, Pizzorno G. The use of chemotherapy resistance in cancer treatment. Cancer J Sci Am 1997; 3:60-9. [PMID: 9099453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A B Deisseroth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8032, USA
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32
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Przepiorka D, Anderlini P, Ippoliti C, Khouri I, Fietz T, Thall P, Mehra R, Giralt S, Gajewski J, Deisseroth AB, Cleary K, Champlin R, van Besien K, Andersson B, Körbling M. Allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation in advanced hematologic cancers. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:455-60. [PMID: 9052911 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for advanced hematologic cancer is associated with a high risk of early treatment-related morbidity and mortality. To determine the short-term benefits of allogeneic blood stem cell transplants when compared to bone marrow transplants, we reviewed outcomes of 74 adults with advanced hematologic cancer transplanted from HLA-matched related donors after conditioning with thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. There were three cohorts: group 1 received bone marrow transplants with cyclosporine (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX) for GVHD prophylaxis; group 2 received bone marrow transplants with CsA and methylprednisolone (MP); and group 3 received blood stem cells with CsA and MP. All patients received filgrastim post-transplant. Median times (range) to neutrophils > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/l were 17 (8-30), 9 (8-16) and 10 (8-13) days post-transplant, and to platelets > or = 20 x 10(9)/l were 28 (14-100+), 19 (13-100+) and 14 (9-86) days post-transplant for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P < 0.05 only for group 1 vs group 3 for both outcomes). Blood stem cell recipients had the least regimen-related toxicity, fewest early deaths and earliest discharge. There was no significant difference in acute GVHD between the three groups. One hundred and eighty-day survivals (95% CI) were 53% (35-72%), 32% (10-53%), and 68% (49-87%) for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P < 0.05 only for group 2 vs group 3). For allogeneic transplantation, use of blood stem cell grafts has substantial advantages over marrow grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Przepiorka
- Department of Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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33
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Hanania EG, Deisseroth AB. Simultaneous genetic chemoprotection of normal marrow cells and genetic chemosensitization of breast cancer cells in a mouse cancer gene therapy model. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:281-6. [PMID: 9815684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposures to high doses of chemotherapy are often required to eradicate solid tumors. The success of such high-dose therapy is often limited by the myelosuppressive and toxic effects of these drugs on bone marrow cells and by the intrinsic resistance of the cancer cells to chemotherapy. To test ways of using genetic modification of somatic cells to circumvent both of these problems, we first genetically modified normal bone marrow cells with multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) cDNA retroviral vectors to render these cells more resistant to p-glycoprotein-transported agents. Experiments conducted previously in a mouse model in our laboratory (E. G. Hanania et al., Cancer Gene Ther., 2: 251-261, 1995; E. G. Hanania and A. B. Deisseroth, Cancer Gene Ther., 1: 21-25, 1994), which involve transplantation of mouse marrow cells modified with the human MDR-1 cDNA, showed that the majority of the marrow cells of these animals were resistant to repetitive administration of myelotoxic doses of Taxol, a MDR-1-transported drug. Next, to test the effects of genetically modifying marrow cells to make them resistant to chemotherapy, and genetically modifying tumor cells to make them more sensitive to chemotherapy, a mouse breast cancer cell line was transfected with a plasmid expression vector that contained a wild-type p53 chemosensitization transcription unit. Others have shown that restoration of the p53 gene can lead to decreased proliferation, reduced tumorigenicity, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In this animal model, the simultaneous use of both chemoprotection and chemosensitization vectors, which provided protection of the normal cells to the chemotherapy and at the same time sensitized the tumor cells to the toxic effects of the chemotherapy, resulted in levels of in vivo tumor reduction that were not possible when either genetic chemoprotection of marrow cells or chemosensitization of tumor cells was used alone. These data should be of interest to those who are studying ways of using genetic modification to improve the outcome of established chemotherapy treatment programs for solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Chemoprevention
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/therapy
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Hanania
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Henderson YC, Guo XY, Greenberger J, Deisseroth AB. Potential role of bcr-abl in the activation of JAK1 kinase. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:145-9. [PMID: 9815665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
To study the oncogenic role of the p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, we generated a mouse cell line that was stably transfected with and overexpressed the human p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein. We then looked for phosphorylation activation of the Janus-activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine-specific protein kinases by the p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein. We found that JAK1, which has been shown by others to be associated with the IFN-alpha and -gamma plasma membrane receptors, was phosphorylated to a much greater degree in cells containing the p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein than was the case in the original, untransfected cell line. In contrast, no phosphorylation of the JAK2 kinase, which is associated with the IFN-gamma but not IFN-alpha receptor, was observed either with or without p210(bcr-abl) protein. A substrate of JAK1, STAT1 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 1), was found to be phosphorylated in cells containing overexpressed p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein. These results indicate that the presence of the p210(bcr-abl) protein kinase within a cell is associated with phosphorylation of the JAK1 kinase and its substrate STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Henderson
- Department of Hematology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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35
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Sarris AH, Daliani D, Ulmer R, Crow M, Broxmeyer HE, Reiss M, Karasavvas N, Zelenetz AD, Pugh W, Cabanillas F, Deisseroth AB, Duvic M. Interferon-inducible protein 10 as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:169-77. [PMID: 9815669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Human IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a C-X-C chemokine secreted by IFN-gamma-stimulated keratinocytes, is chemotactic for normal CD4-positive lymphocytes and inhibits the proliferation of early subsets of normal and of leukemic hemopoietic progenitors. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder of CD4-positive lymphocytes that remain confined to the skin for many years before visceral dissemination. Because IFN-gamma mRNA was detected in the epidermis of CTCL lesions, we decided to investigate the role of IP-10 in the epidermotropism of CTCL by determining its expression in normal skin and in CTCL lesions. Using purified recombinant IP-10 (rIP-10) or a recombinant fusion protein between IP-10 and the straight phi10 protein of phage T7, we generated rabbit antisera that recognized and neutralized rIP-10. Immunoperoxidase staining of normal epidermis demonstrated that IP-10 was expressed by basal keratinocytes but not by the more differentiated cells. In the often hyperplastic epidermis overlying CTCL lesions, IP-10 immunostaining was enhanced compared to normal skin and extended to the suprabasal keratinocytes in 28 of 29 patients for a frequency of 97% and a 95% confidence interval of 82-100%. However, IP-10 was detectable in the dermal or epidermal lymphoid infiltrates in only 3 of 29 patients (10%; 95% confidence interval, 2-29%). Skin clinically free of CTCL demonstrated normal IP-10 immunostaining. In one patient who had matching biopsies performed before and after treatment, IP-10 was overexpressed before treatment but was normally expressed at remission. The in vitro proliferation of primary normal human keratinocytes was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by rIP-10. These results suggest that IP-10 plays a role in the epidermotropism of CTCL. Additional work is needed to determine whether IP-10 stimulates or inhibits CTCL proliferation. A better understanding of the growth controls operating in CTCL may be useful in the development of curative strategies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sarris
- Departments of Hematology, Medical Specialties, and Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Bachier
- South Texas Cancer Institute, San Antonio 78229, USA
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37
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Przepiorka D, Ippoliti C, Khouri I, Anderlini P, Mehra R, Giralt S, Gajewski J, Fritsche H, Deisseroth AB, Cleary K, Champlin R, van Besien K, Andersson B, Korbling M. Allogeneic transplantation for advanced leukemia: improved short-term outcome with blood stem cell grafts and tacrolimus. Transplantation 1996; 62:1806-10. [PMID: 8990368 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199612270-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the use of blood stem cell grafts for rapid hematopoietic recovery and tacrolimus (FK506) as GVHD prophylaxis to reduce early mortality after allogeneic transplantation. Eighty-five adults with advanced leukemia received high-dose thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen in a prospective Phase II study. All donors were HLA-matched and related. Marrow (BMT) was used for 44 patients and filgrastim-mobilized blood stem cells (SCT) for 41 patients. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine (CsA) or FK506 with methotrexate (MTX) or methylprednisolone (MP). The median time to neutrophil recovery was earlier after SCT than after BMT (day 10 vs. 17, P<0.001), but this was due to the selective use of MTX only in the BMT patients. The risk of grades 2-4 GVHD was lower with FK506 than with CsA (16% vs. 45%, P=0.02) and was the same for SCT recipients as for BMT recipients (33% vs. 34%). Regimen-related toxicity was significantly lower after SCT than after BMT but did not differ between the FK506 and CsA patients. In comparison with those receiving the standard transplant (BMT with CsA and MTX), only the SCT recipients using FK506 and MP had a significantly higher survival at day 180 posttransplant (84% vs. 53%, P=0.014). In multivariate analyses, use of FK506 was associated with a lower risk of treatment-related mortality and a higher survival at day 180, while the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was associated with a higher risk of treatment-related mortality. These data suggest that the use of blood stem cell grafts and FK506 can reduce the early mortality after allogeneic transplantation for advanced leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Przepiorka
- The Department of Hematology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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38
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Hanania EG, Giles RE, Kavanagh J, Fu SQ, Ellerson D, Zu Z, Wang T, Su Y, Kudelka A, Rahman Z, Holmes F, Hortobagyi G, Claxton D, Bachier C, Thall P, Cheng S, Hester J, Ostrove JM, Bird RE, Chang A, Korbling M, Seong D, Cote R, Holzmayer T, Deisseroth AB. Results of MDR-1 vector modification trial indicate that granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming unit cells do not contribute to posttransplant hematopoietic recovery following intensive systemic therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:15346-51. [PMID: 8986814 PMCID: PMC26407 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/1996] [Accepted: 10/14/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To formally test the hypothesis that the granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming unit (GM-CFU) cells can contribute to early hematopoietic reconstitution immediately after transplant, the frequency of genetically modified GM-CFU after retroviral vector transduction was measured by a quantitative in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is specific for the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) vector, and by a quantitative GM-CFU methylcellulose plating assay. The results of this analysis showed no difference between the transduction frequency in the products of two different transduction protocols: "suspension transduction" and "stromal growth factor transduction." However, when an analysis of the frequency of cells positive for the retroviral MDR-1 vector posttransplantation was carried out, 0 of 10 patients transplanted with cells transduced by the suspension method were positive for the vector MDR-1 posttransplant, whereas 5 of 8 patients transplanted with the cells transduced by the stromal growth factor method were positive for the MDR-1 vector transcription unit by in situ or in solution PCR assay (a difference that is significant at the P = 0.0065 level by the Fisher exact test). These data suggest that only very small subsets of the GM-CFU fraction of myeloid cells, if any, contribute to the repopulation of the hematopoietic tissues that occurs following intensive systemic therapy and transplantation of autologous hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Hanania
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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39
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Rosenberg SA, Blaese RM, Brenner MK, Deisseroth AB, Ledley FD, Lotze MT, Wilson JM, Nabel GJ, Cornetta K, Economou JS, Freeman SM, Riddell SR, Oldfield E, Gansbacher B, Dunbar C, Walker RE, Schuening FG, Roth JA, Crystal RG, Welsh MJ, Culver K, Heslop HE, Simons J, Wilmott RW, Tiberghien P. Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:2287-313. [PMID: 8953320 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.18-2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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40
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Sarris AH, Daliani D, Ulmer R, Crow M, Broxmeyer HE, Pugh W, Reiss M, Cabanillas F, Deisseroth AB, Duvic M. Interferon-inducible protein-10 and the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 1996; 24:103-10. [PMID: 9049966 DOI: 10.3109/10428199609045718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human interferon-g inducible protein-10 (IP-10), a small basic protein secreted by interferon (INF)-g stimulated keratinocytes, is chemotactic for normal CD4-positive lymphocytes and inhibits early normal and leukemic hemopoietic progenitor proliferation. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an indolent CD4-positive lymphoma characterized by multiple skin relapses before visceral dissemination. We investigated the role of IP-10 in the biology of CTCL by using immunocytochemistry to define IP-10 expression in normal and CTCL skin biopsies. Using purified recombinant (r) IP-10, we generated a rabbit antiserum that recognized and neutralized rIP-10 but did not cross-react with any keratinocyte proteins or any other chemokine. Immunoperoxidase staining of normal epidermis demonstrated that IP-10 was expressed by basal but not by differentiated keratinocytes. The epidermis overlying CTCL lesions was often hyperplastic, IP-10 immunostaining was enhanced compared to normal skin, and extended to the suprabasal keratinocytes in 25 of 26 patients for a frequency of 96%; and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 80% to 100%. However, IP-10 was detectable in the dermal or epidermal lymphoid infiltrates in only three of these 26 patients (12%; 95% Cl, 2% to 39%). Skin clinically free of CTCL demonstrated normal IP-10 immunostaining. In one patient who had matching biopsies performed before and after treatment, IP-10 was initially overexpressed before treatment but was normally expressed when he achieved remission. These results suggest that IP-10 may play a role in the epidermotropism of CTCL. More work is required to determine whether IP-10 stimulates or inhibits CTCL proliferation. A better understanding of the growth controls operating in CTCL may be used to develop curative therapies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sarris
- Department's of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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41
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Przepiorka D, Ippoliti C, Khouri I, Woo M, Mehra R, Le Bherz D, Giralt S, Gajewski J, Fischer H, Fritsche H, Deisseroth AB, Cleary K, Champlin R, Besien K, Andersson B, Maher R, Fitzsimmons W. Tacrolimus and minidose methotrexate for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after matched unrelated donor marrow transplantation. Blood 1996; 88:4383-9. [PMID: 8943876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty adults with leukemia or lymphoma undergoing marrow transplantation from HLA-compatible unrelated donors received tacrolimus (FK506), a new immunosuppressive macrolide lactone, and minidose methotrexate to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The group had a median age of 36 years (range 21 to 49 years). Twenty-four patients had advanced disease, and 11 were resistant to conventional therapy. Tacrolimus was administered at 0.03 mg/kg/d intravenously (i.v.) by continuous infusion from day -2, converted to oral at four times the i.v. dose following engraftment, and continued through day 180 posttransplant. Methotrexate 5 mg/m2 was given i.v. on days 1, 3, 6, and 11. All patients engrafted. Grades 2-4 GVHD occurred in 34% (95% CI, 17% to 52%), and grades 3-4 GVHD in 17% (95% CI, 3% to 31%). Mild renal toxicity was common before day 100; 63% of patients had a doubling of creatinine, and 52% had a peak creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL, but only one patient was dialyzed. The median last i.v. dose of tacrolimus was 53% of the scheduled dose, and the median oral dose on day 100 was 41% of that scheduled. Overall survival at 1 year was 47% (95% CI, 27% to 66%). We conclude that tacrolimus can be combined safely with minidose methotrexate, and the combination has substantial activity in preventing acute GVHD after unrelated donor marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Przepiorka
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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42
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Guo JQ, Lian J, Glassman A, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Deisseroth AB, Arlinghaus RB. Comparison of bcr-abl protein expression and Philadelphia chromosome analyses in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 106:442-8. [PMID: 8853030 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/106.4.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) is found in most chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. The bcr-abl oncoprotein (P210 or P185), the product of the fused bcr-abl gene produced by the Ph, is known to be the major factor in initiation and maintenance of the leukemic state in these types of leukemias. The authors have devised a Western blot test to detect and quantitate the bcr-abl oncoprotein in blood and bone marrow cells. The authors analyzed 1,155 peripheral blood samples from CML patients, for which there were same day Ph data, to determine if there was a correlation between bcr-abl protein levels and the percentage of Ph. A ratio of bcr-abl protein (P210 or P185) to normal abl protein (P145), the latter is ubiquitously expressed in all blood cells, has been established as a criterion for quantitating bcr-abl levels. The bcr-abl/abl protein ratio from 399 patient who were 100% Ph-positive had a mean of 2.47 (standard error [SE] of +/- 0.05); no false negatives were detected. A decreasing ratio was found in patients with decreasing percentages of Ph. The relationship between the ratio of bcr-abl/abl proteins to the percentage of Ph-positive cells was nearly linear in 392 patients with Ph percentages between 5% to 95% (r = 0.97, P < .001). For patients in remission with no detectable Ph, the bcr-abl/abl ratio had a mean of 0.01 (SE = 0 +/- 0.00). The level of bcr-abl expression in samples from peripheral blood and bone marrow also were compared. The results indicated that the amount of bcr-abl protein within peripheral blood is usually similar to that in marrow. In conclusion, quantitation of the bcr-abl oncoprotein in peripheral blood cells or marrow cells as measured by a Western blot assay provides reliable data for both diagnosis and monitoring patients with pH-chromosome positive leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow/chemistry
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/analysis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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43
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Claxton D, Xie QS, Patel S, Deisseroth AB, Kornblau S. The gene product of CBFB-MYH11. Leukemia 1996; 10:1479-85. [PMID: 8751466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The inversion(16)(p13;q22) gives rise to chimeric transcripts CBFB-MYH11. To date however, no reports have described the full length coding sequence cloned from patient material or the protein product derived from transcripts. We describe here the cloning and sequencing of the coding region of the fusion gene (type A) from patient cells. The sequence is identical to the included portions of the normal constituent transcripts. We report the study of CBFB and CBFB-MYH11 protein using two anti-CBFB antisera. Twenty-two cases of inv(16) leukemia and a number of other cases of AML were examined. The predicted 70 kDa type A or 95 kDa type D CBFB-MYH11 peptide was detected in 20/22 cases of inv(16) AML. CBFB was expressed as a 21 kDa protein in all samples studied, including hematopoietic cell lines of all major lineages.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Chromosome Inversion
- Cloning, Molecular
- Core Binding Factor beta Subunit
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Open Reading Frames
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factor AP-2
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- D Claxton
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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44
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Rosenberg SA, Blaese RM, Brenner MK, Deisseroth AB, Ledley FD, Lotze MT, Wilson JM, Nabel GJ, Cornetta K, Economou JS, Freeman SM, Riddell SR, Oldfield E, Gansbacher B, Dunbar C, Walker RE, Schuening FG, Roth JA, Crystal RG, Welsh MJ, Culver K, Heslop HE, Simons J, Wilmott RW, Aebischer P. Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:1621-47. [PMID: 8864763 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.13-1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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45
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Seong D, Bruner JM, Lee KH, Mirza N, Kwon BD, Lee JH, Lee YY, Ro J, Talpaz M, Champlin R, Deisseroth AB. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:402-3. [PMID: 8842290 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/23.2.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/virology
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- JC Virus/genetics
- JC Virus/isolation & purification
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/complications
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/complications
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/physiopathology
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/virology
- Papillomavirus Infections/complications
- Papillomavirus Infections/physiopathology
- Papillomavirus Infections/therapy
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Tumor Virus Infections/complications
- Tumor Virus Infections/physiopathology
- Tumor Virus Infections/therapy
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Seong
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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46
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Freedman RS, Platsoucas CD, Deisseroth AB. Use of a retroviral vector to study the trafficking patterns of purified ovarian tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) used in intraperitoneal adoptive immunotherapy of ovarian cancer patients. A pilot study. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:1351-65. [PMID: 8818723 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.11-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R S Freedman
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Houston, 77030, USA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- V T DeVita
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, USA
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48
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Khouri IF, Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M, Giralt S, Rios MO, Hester JP, Champlin RE, Deisseroth AB. Results with high-dose chemotherapy and unpurged autologous stem cell transplantation in 73 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: the MD Anderson experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 1996; 17:775-9. [PMID: 8733697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of unpurged autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and its impact on the survival of patients in first and late chronic phase (CML-CP) including those resistant to or unable to tolerate interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) therapy. Between 1982 and 1993, 73 patients with CML who underwent ASCT were evaluated. Twenty-eight patients had signs of transformation, 20 were in second or subsequent CP, 22 had CML-CP and had shown resistance to or were unable to tolerate IFN-alpha therapy, and there had Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-negative CML. Survival of patients in CML-CP who underwent ASCT was compared to controls who were in first CP receiving INF-a therapy. Patients and controls were matched for age, decade of therapy, response to IFN-alpha therapy (resistance vs toxicity) and the time to ASCT (study group) vs time to resistance (control group). Nine 12% patients failed to achieve hematologic recovery, and five (7%) had early death secondary to toxicity. Twenty-seven (58%) patients who received transplants in advanced-stage CML and 18 (82%) transplanted in CML-CP achieved complete hematologic remission (CHR). The incidence of complete cytogenetic response was 10 and 14%, respectively. The median survival of these two groups of patients was 5 and 34 months, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the survival of patients in CML-CP was not significantly different from controls (34 vs 49 months; P = 0.17). We conclude that unpurged ASCT does not prolong the survival of patients in CML-CP who are resistant to IFN-alpha therapy. Progress in autotransplantation in CML might require innovative approaches to eradicate the leukemic cells from the autologous stem cells prior to transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Khouri
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Sarris AH, Talpaz M, Deisseroth AB, Estrov Z. Human recombinant interferon-inducible protein-10 inhibits the proliferation of normal and acute myelogenous leukemia progenitors. Leukemia 1996; 10:757-65. [PMID: 8656668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human interferon-inducible protein-10 (rIP-10) has been recently identified, purified and shown to suppress the multiplication of normal marrow early hemopoietic progenitors. In the present study we investigated the effect of rIP-10 on different normal and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) progenitor populations. We first studied hematologically normal bone marrow using the delta culture assay, in which marrow low-density cells were incubated in liquid culture with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) for 1 week, to allow the differentiation of mature progenitors, and thereafter cultured in methylcellulose in the presence of rGM-CSF and recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO). In this assay rIP-10 significantly inhibited the proliferation of normal marrow hemopoietic progenitors in a dose-dependent fashion. However, when fresh normal marrow cells were cultured in methylcellulose without preincubation in liquid culture, rIP-10 did not affect the growth of colony-forming cells. In contrast, when recombinant c-kit ligand (rKL) was added to rGM-CSF and rEPO, an increment in colony numbers was observed that was eliminated by rIP-10. Similar experiments performed with low-density, non-adherent, T cell-depleted AML marrow cells, obtained from 12 untreated adult AML patients, revealed qualitatively similar results: rIP-10 inhibited the proliferation of AML progenitors in the AML delta assay but did not affect the growth of rGM-CSF-responsive AML colony-forming cells when plated in semisolid media in the presence of rGM-CSF. When rKL was added to rGM-CSF during plating in an effort to recruit additional AML progenitor populations, there was an increment in leukemic blast colony numbers that was eliminated by rIP-10. As observed with normal progenitors, the effect of rIP-10 on these AML progenitors was concentration-dependent, statistically significant and reversible with a rIP-10-neutralizing antiserum. To delineate the mechanism of action of rIP-10 we used the thymidine suicide assay and found that rIP-10 significantly reduced the fraction of leukemic progenitors synthesizing DNA. Our data suggest the rIP-10 inhibits the proliferation of (probably immature) AML progenitor populations by reducing the fraction of cells undergoing DNA synthesis. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition and to determine the potential clinical benefits of rIP-10 in future therapies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sarris
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Zhang W, Piatyszek MA, Kobayashi T, Estey E, Andreeff M, Deisseroth AB, Wright WE, Shay JW. Telomerase activity in human acute myelogenous leukemia: inhibition of telomerase activity by differentiation-inducing agents. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2:799-803. [PMID: 9816233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The terminal regions of human chromosomes, the telomeres, shorten with each cell division in most normal somatic cells. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto chromosomal ends, is activated in germline cells and almost all tumor cells. Telomerase activity maintains the stability of telomere length, resulting in indefinite cellular proliferation (immortality). In the present study, telomerase activity was analyzed in leukemic mononuclear blood cells obtained from 56 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with known cytogenetic alterations. Heterogenous levels of telomerase activity were observed and generally correlated with cytogenetic status. Patients with 11q abnormalities and -5/-7 (unfavorable cytogenetics) tended to have high telomerase activity compared with cells obtained from AML patients with other types of cytogenetics. Additional studies with a larger cohort of patients will determine whether these differences are statistically significant. Chemotherapy agents that result in differentiation of leukemic cells also resulted in inhibition of telomerase activity. Knowledge of telomerase activity in patients with AML, before and throughout therapy, may have clinical utility for following disease progression and may predict early cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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