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Okubo Y, Tsuruta D, Tang AC, Inoue S, Torisu-Itakura H, Hanada T, Ohtsuki M. Analysis of treatment goal alignment between Japanese psoriasis patients and their paired treating physicians. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:606-614. [PMID: 29034518 PMCID: PMC5900866 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Appropriate goal‐oriented treatment strategies are important for optimal treatment outcomes and may prevent under‐treatment. As treatment goals vary by patient, a study to examine treatment goals is more meaningful when patients and their physicians are paired. There has not been any study that examines alignment between paired psoriasis patients and physicians in real‐world clinical practice using skin clearance as a treatment goal indicator. Objectives To evaluate treatment goal alignment between psoriasis patients and their paired physicians, and to quantitatively identify factors associated with goal misalignment. Methods The study was a nationwide multicenter cross‐sectional observational study. Subjects were physician‐reported moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients with a history of systemic treatments, directly paired with their treating physicians. Subjects completed surveys independently. Treatment goals included seven categories, and patient–physician pairs were grouped as ‘aligned’ or ‘misaligned’ when the answers were the same or different, respectively. Results A total of 425 pairs (mean response rate, 94.7%) of responses were collected from 54 sites (64.8% general practitioners or clinics; 35.2% university or large hospitals). Treatment goal misalignment was found in 67.9% of the patient–physician pairs. The misalignment was mainly ‘patient predominant’ (60.9%) indicating that patients had higher goals (‘complete clearance’) than physicians. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, patients’ treatment expectation for ‘complete clearance’ [odds ratio (OR): 1.927; 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.232–3.016] and physician rating of ‘level of understanding on treatment options’ being low (OR: 1.552, 95% CI; 1.082–2.227) were significant factors for treatment goal misalignment. Conclusions The majority of treatment goal misalignment was found between paired psoriasis patients and their treating physicians in Japan. The most important contributing factors to misalignment were patients’ treatment expectation for ‘complete clearance’ and physicians’ rating of their patients’ ‘level of understanding on treatment options’ being low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okubo
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Tsuruta
- Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - A C Tang
- Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Inoue
- Crecon Medical Assessment Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - T Hanada
- Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Amano Y, Kawakubo K, Lee JS, Tang AC, Sugiyama M, Mori K. Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 58:1472-8. [PMID: 15127092 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the correlation between dietary glycemic index (GI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among subjects who consume white rice as a staple food. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the associations between dietary GI, dietary glycemic load (GL) and dietary intakes, and CVD risk factors. Dietary GI and GL were calculated from a 3-day (including two consecutive weekdays and one holiday) dietary records. SETTING A weight-reduction program at a municipal health center in Tokyo, Japan. SUBJECTS A total of 32 women aged 52.5+/-7.2 y participated in the weight-reduction program. RESULT The GI food list made for the current study calculated for 91% of carbohydrate intakes measured. The mean dietary GI was 64+/-6, and the mean dietary GL was 150+/-37. Individuals in the highest tertile of GI consumed more carbohydrate, mostly from white rice (P<0.001), and less fat (P<0.01). Individuals in all three groups by tertile of GL showed similar tendencies. In the lowest GI tertile, the highest concentration of HDL-cholesterol and lowest concentration of triacylglycerol and immunoreactive insulin were observed (P<0.01). In the lowest GL tertile, the highest concentration of HDL-cholesterol and the lowest concentration of triacylglycerol were observed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Calculated dietary GI and GL were positively associated with CVD risk factors among the Japanese women who consumed white rice as a staple food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Amano
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Sugiyama M, Tang AC, Wakaki Y, Koyama W. Glycemic index of single and mixed meal foods among common Japanese foods with white rice as a reference food. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:743-52. [PMID: 12792658 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives were to examine the feasibility of using white rice as a reference food in the study of glycemic index (GI) and to examine the GI values of both single and mixed meal foods among rice species, processed rice products, beans, and dairy products. DESIGN Subjects were served with 50 g carbohydrate content of white rice at least two times (maximum three times) and test food once after separate overnight fasts. Capillary blood glucose measurements were carried out before and during 120 min after each food load. SETTING The study was carried out in an outpatient setting. SUBJECTS A total of 58 (38 females and 20 males) nondiseased subjects, mean aged 37 y and mean BMI 22 kg/m(2) were included. RESULT The correlation between incremental area under curve of white rice and glucose was r=0.853 (n=10, P <0.0001) and white rice was considered suitable to be used as a reference food. Among mixed meal foods, the combination of carbohydrate foods with vinegar, dairy products, and bean products significantly decreased the GI value of white rice of 20-40%. The reduction of GI occurred whether the foods were taken together, before or after rice intake. GI of noodles such as udon, soba, and spaghetti showed low GI values. CONCLUSION White rice could be used as a reference food in determining GI values of foods. A total of 32 single and mixed meal Japanese common food products were examined for their GI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sugiyama
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Division of Applied Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition Care & Management, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
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Xiao XC, Li ZS, Sun CC, Tang AC. Invariant Property of the Distribution of Aa1, ..., Aas - Bb1, ..., Bbt-Type Ideal Polymerization. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00112a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zou B, Golarai G, Connor JA, Tang AC. Neonatal exposure to a novel environment enhances the effects of corticosterone on neuronal excitability and plasticity in adult hippocampus. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2001; 130:1-7. [PMID: 11557088 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(01)00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies have shown that activation of glucocorticoids receptors (GRs) influences neuronal excitability and activity dependent synaptic plasticity. In developmental studies, early life stimulation such as neonatal handling results in an up-regulation of glucocorticoid-receptor (GR) binding in the hippocampus that persists into adulthood. It is, therefore, hypothesized that early environment-induced changes in receptor sensitivity to corticosterone (CORT) might have functional effects on adult neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. To test this hypothesis, we exposed rats daily from post-natal days 1-21 to a non-home environment for 3 min. When the animals became adults, we studied the effects of glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT) on population spike (PS) amplitude and long-term potentiation of population spikes (PS-LTP) in vitro in the hippocampal CA1 region following activation of the Schaffer collateral fibers. Bath application of CORT reduced PS amplitude and subsequent induction of PS-LTP. This inhibitory effect of CORT was significantly greater in the slices from the novelty exposed rats (Novel) than the control rats that remained in their home cage (Home). Inhibition of population spike amplitude during CORT perfusion was 28.0+/-5.3% of baseline in Novel slices, and 9.1+/-4.4% in Home slices. CORT pre-exposure (20 min) also inhibited the subsequent induction of PS-LTP in Novel slices by 57.7+/-17.7% and by 7.5+/-12.1% in Home slices. These results provide electrophysiological evidence that neonatal novelty exposure results in functional increases in receptor sensitivity to CORT that enhances the inhibitory effects of CORT on field CA1 neuronal excitability and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zou
- Department of Psychology, Logan Hall, Room 162, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Tang AC. Neonatal exposure to novel environment enhances hippocampal-dependent memory function during infancy and adulthood. Learn Mem 2001; 8:257-64. [PMID: 11584072 PMCID: PMC311382 DOI: 10.1101/lm.43101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Accepted: 08/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early life experience affects behavior and brain mechanisms. Handling rats during the first three weeks in life can slow age-related cognitive decline (as measured by a hippocampal-dependent spatial learning task) and reduce age-related hippocampal neuron loss. It is not clear, however, whether this early environmental influence on learning is selective for old age or is more general, affecting cognitive development during infancy and young adulthood as well. We briefly exposed neonatal rats to a novel non-home environment for 3 min daily during the first three weeks of life (as a component of the handling method). We found that this brief early environmental manipulation resulted in enhanced hippocampal-dependent learning immediately after weaning and that this learning enhancement persisted into adulthood. These results suggest that subtle early life events can affect cognitive development in all developmental stages and that changes in neural mechanisms other than neuron number are likely to mediate the learning enhancement at multiple developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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Cheng W, Li QS, Tang AC. Vibrational Spectra of Tetrahedral Fullerenes. J Mol Spectrosc 1999; 193:1-6. [PMID: 9878486 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.1998.7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
From the topological structures of the following classes of tetrahedral fullerenes-(1) Cn(h, h; -i, i), Cn(h, 0; -i, 2i), Cn(2h + i, -h + i; i, i), Cn(h - i, h + 2i; -i, 2i), and Cn(h, i; 0, i) for Td symmetry; (2) Cn(h, k; k, h), Cn(h, k; -h - k, k), and Cn(h, k; -h, h + k) for Th symmetry; (3) Cn(h, k; i, j) for T symmetry-we have obtained theoretically the formulas for the numbers of their IR and Raman active modes for all of the tetrahedral fullerenes through the decomposition of their nuclear motions into irreducible representations by means of group theory. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cheng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130023, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Neocortical neurons in vivo are spontaneously active and intracellular recordings have revealed strongly fluctuating membrane potentials arising from the irregular arrival of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. In addition to these rapid fluctuations, more slowly varying influences from diffuse activation of neuromodulatory systems alter the excitability of cortical neurons by modulating a variety of potassium conductances. In particular, acetylcholine, which effects learning and memory, reduces the slow alterhyperpolarization, which contributes to spike frequency adaptation. We used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons in neocortical slices and computational simulations to show, first, that when fluctuating inputs were added to a constant current pulse, spike frequency adaptation was reduced as the amplitude of the fluctuations was increased. High-frequency, high-amplitude fluctuating inputs that resembled in vivo conditions exhibited only weak spike frequency adaptation. Second, bath application of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, significantly increased the firing rate in response to a fluctuating input but minimally displaced the spike times by < 3 ms, comparable to the spike jitter observed when a visual stimulus is repeated under in vivo conditions. These results suggest that cholinergic modulation may preserve information encoded in precise spike timing, but not in interspike intervals, and that cholinergic mechanisms other than those involving adaptation may contribute significantly to cholinergic modulation of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Tang AC, Huang FQ, Liu RZ. Electronic structures of fullerenes Cn with Ih symmetry and n=20k2. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:7442-7450. [PMID: 9982193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tang AC, Raphael SJ, Lampe HB, Matthews TW, Becks GP. Expression of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity in thyroid tumours: a possible marker of thyroid malignancy. J Otolaryngol 1996; 25:14-9. [PMID: 8816103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) activity staining in the investigation of a thyroid mass was explored. The study consisted of two parts: the first part involved DAP IV staining performed on various thyroid lesions sampled from operative specimens. These included frozen tissues or cytologic smears. The second part of the study, which is ongoing, prospectively examines the DAP IV activity in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from patients with a thyroid mass. Results from part 1 of the study indicated that DAP IV activity staining was a useful adjunct in distinguishing differentiated carcinoma from benign lesions, particularly the "follicular lesions." Preliminary findings of the second part of the study suggest that DAP IV staining can be applied to FNA specimens. The measure of DAP IV activity and its influence on the diagnostic accuracy of FNA remain to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Medicine, London
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Abstract
We studied the effect of long term baclofen treatment on recognition memory and novelty detection in rats using a habituation paradigm in an open field setting. Rats pretreated with 3 weeks' daily baclofen injection (0, 2 and 5 mg/kg) were tested in four 10 min sessions (familiarization session and three testing sessions: S1, S2 and S3) with 10-min intersession intervals. During S1, S2 and S3, rats were repeatedly exposed to the same two odor stimuli. During S3, for half of the rats in each treatment group, the spatial locations of the two stimuli were switched (Change) and for the other half the stimuli were replaced in the same locations (No Change). Two habituation scores were measured for each subject: H1 = N1 - N2; H2 = N2 - N3 (Ni the number of contacts made during Si). Baclofen at the highest dose (5 mg/kg) reduced the amount of habituation between S1 and S2 (H1) and increased responses to novel spatial arrangement, measured as the difference between H2 for the No-Change and Change groups. These results suggest a simultaneous impairment of recognition memory and enhancement of spatial novelty detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tang
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Hu XG, Li QS, Tang AC. Exact treatment of reactive scattering in the Torres-Vega-Frederick quantum phase-space representation. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:3780-3789. [PMID: 9912684 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Li ZS, Zheng FA, Sun CC, Tang AC. Curing Theory Involving Cyclization. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329508019176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. S. Li
- a Institute of Theoretical Chemisstry, Department of Chemistry Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , 130023 , P. R. China
| | - F. A. Zheng
- a Institute of Theoretical Chemisstry, Department of Chemistry Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , 130023 , P. R. China
| | - C. C. Sun
- a Institute of Theoretical Chemisstry, Department of Chemistry Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , 130023 , P. R. China
| | - A. C. Tang
- a Institute of Theoretical Chemisstry, Department of Chemistry Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , 130023 , P. R. China
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Abstract
The GABAB agonist baclofen has been shown to suppress synaptic transmission in subregions of the hippocampus and in the piriform (olfactory) cortex. Here we report a laminar selectivity of suppression of synaptic potentials in the olfactory cortex. In brain slice preparations, baclofen suppresses extracellularly recorded field potentials at the intrinsic fiber synapses proximal to the superficial pyramidal cell bodies (layer Ib) while leaving the afferent fiber synaptic potentials recorded at the distal dendrites (layer Ia) little affected. This dose-dependent selective suppression of intrinsic fiber synaptic transmission is also correlated with an increase of paired-pulse facilitation. These results suggest that afferent and intrinsic synaptic inputs may be differentially modulated by the activation of GABAB receptors and that this selective suppression is at least partially mediated via a presynaptic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tang
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Tang AC, Grignon DJ, MacRae DL. The association of human papillomavirus with Schneiderian papillomas: a DNA in situ hybridization study. J Otolaryngol 1994; 23:292-7. [PMID: 7996631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus has been identified with DNA hybridization techniques in Schneiderian papillomas, though results reported in the literature have been conflicting. This study investigated 33 cases of Schneiderian papilloma (26 inverted papillomas, seven fungiform papillomas). In situ hybridization using a cocktail of human papillomavirus (HPV) probes 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/35 failed to identify HPV genome in any of the inverted papillomas. This is contrasted by the detection of HPV 6/11 in six of seven fungiform papillomas. Of the 26 cases of inverted papilloma, 10 had recurrences, five were associated with dysplasia, and two were associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Of the seven cases of fungiform papillomas, two had recurrences, and two were associated with dysplasia, but not malignancy was found. This study supports the concept that fungiform papilloma and inverted papilloma are two distinct lesions: the former is associated with HPV 6/11.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario Faculty of Medicine, London
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Wu JY, Tsau Y, Hopp HP, Cohen LB, Tang AC, Falk CX. Consistency in nervous systems: trial-to-trial and animal-to-animal variations in the responses to repeated applications of a sensory stimulus in Aplysia. J Neurosci 1994; 14:1366-84. [PMID: 8120632 PMCID: PMC6577537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
What is the internal noise in a nervous system? We studied this question by determining the trial-to-trial consistency of the neuronal response in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. Because our voltage-sensitive dye recordings detected the spike activity from a large fraction of the neurons in the ganglion, these results provide a reasonably complete characterization of the consistency of the response to a sensory stimulus. The consistency of each neuron was evaluated by the number and timing of spikes in the response. The variability in the spike count was described using the coefficient of variation. The spike count variations follow a Poisson distribution, indicating that most of these variations were the result of a random process. For each neuron the reliability of the response to touch was measured in two ways; both measures indicated a broad distribution of reliabilities within the neuron population. The time of the maximum response also varied substantially in some animals. These timing variations were in part due to random processes and in part due to systematic effects (changes in activity of many neurons that were highly correlated). The time course of the activity of individual neurons was compared with the time course of the gill withdrawal. In some animals the activity of individual neurons was only poorly correlated with the behavior; in contrast, the summed activity of groups of neurons matched the behavior quite well. This implies that the behavioral output of the system may be a distributed combination of the activity of many neurons. The differences between animals were substantially larger than the trial-to-trial differences in one animal. The responses made by different preparations differed along many dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wu
- Department of Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Falk CX, Wu JY, Cohen LB, Tang AC. Nonuniform expression of habituation in the activity of distinct classes of neurons in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion. J Neurosci 1993; 13:4072-81. [PMID: 8366360 PMCID: PMC6576462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Global observations of neuronal response in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion were made during habituation of the gill withdrawal reflex using voltage-sensitive dye recording. This technique makes it possible to measure the spike activity of 30-50% of the 1000 neurons present in the ganglion. Our experiments address the issue of how habituation is expressed in the activity of the population of neurons responding to siphon stimulation. Several classes of neurons exhibited characteristically distinct responses to the stimuli and to habituation training. One class of neurons (group I) responded to the onset and offset of the sensory stimulus although they are probably not primary sensory neurons. They habituate only partially when the behavioral reflex has already habituated completely. Two other classes (groups II and III) both have sustained responses to the touch, but habituate differently. Members of group III habituate completely while those in group II habituate only partially. Another class of neurons are inhibited by the stimulus (group IV). They become less inhibited after habituation. The response of both group I and group IV are new classes of response that have not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C X Falk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Tang AC, Li ZS, Sun CC. On The Intramolecular Cyclization of A aType Crosslinking Reaction. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/10101329208054592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tang AC, Brodsky SJ, Pauli HC. Discretized light-cone quantization: Formalism for quantum electrodynamics. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1991; 44:1842-1865. [PMID: 10014065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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