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Kapahi C, Silva AE, Cory DG, Kulmaganbetov M, Mungalsingh MA, Pushin DA, Singh T, Thompson B, Sarenac D. Measuring the visual angle of polarization-related entoptic phenomena using structured light. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:1278-1287. [PMID: 38404299 PMCID: PMC10890886 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The ability to perceive polarization-related entoptic phenomena arises from the dichroism of macular pigments held in Henle's fiber layer of the retina and can be inhibited by retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, which alters the structure of the macula. Structured light tools enable the direct probing of macular pigment density and retinal structure through the perception of polarization-dependent entoptic patterns. Here, we directly measure the visual angle of an entoptic pattern created through the illumination of the retina with a structured state of light and a perception task that is insensitive to corneal birefringence. The central region of the structured light stimuli was obstructed, with the size of the obstruction varying according to a psychophysical staircase. Two stimuli, one producing 11 azimuthal fringes and the other three azimuthal fringes, were presented to 24 healthy participants. The pattern with 11 azimuthal fringes produced an average visual angle threshold of 10° ± 1° and a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of [6°, 14°]. For the pattern with three azimuthal fringes, a threshold extent of 3.6° ± 0.3° C.I. = [1.3°, 5.8°] was measured, a value similar to the published extent of Haidinger's brush (4°). The increase in apparent size and clarity of entoptic phenomena produced by the presented structured light stimuli offers the potential to detect the early signs of macular disease over perception tasks using uniform polarization stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kapahi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - A E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D G Cory
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | | | - M A Mungalsingh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D A Pushin
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - T Singh
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - B Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - D Sarenac
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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2
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Lyu A, Silva AE, Cheung SH, Thompson B, Abel L, Cheong AMY. Effects of visual span on Chinese reading performance in normal peripheral vision. Vision Res 2022; 201:108119. [PMID: 36108416 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the relationships among temporal processing speed, spatial visual span and Chinese character reading speed in normal central and peripheral vision. Maximum reading speed (MRS) and critical print size (CPS) of 26 native Chinese readers (13 young and 13 older adults) were determined at three visual field locations: central vision, 10° left and 10° below fixation using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. Temporal processing speed was measured using trigrams of randomly selected Chinese characters presented at a range of exposure durations, while spatial visual span was measured using trigrams presented at different spatial positions. It was found that shorter temporal processing speed and larger spatial visual span were associated with faster MRS at the central and inferior visual field locations, but not at the left of fixation location. As expected, reading and visual span metrics were better in central vision compared to both peripheral locations. In addition, reading, temporal processing, and spatial visual span metrics were better in the young than older subjects (except for similar temporal processing speed at two peripheral locations). The results for central and inferior presentation locations support the hypothesis that temporal processing speed and spatial visual span were associated with Chinese character reading speed. Surprisingly, no correlation was observed for the 10° left of the fixation location, suggesting that the factors affecting reading speed might differ for inferior and lateral peripheral viewing locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lyu
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - A E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - S H Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - B Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong.
| | - L Abel
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
| | - A M Y Cheong
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong; Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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3
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Silva AE, Lyu A, Leat SJ, Khan S, Labreche T, Chan JCH, Li Q, Woo GC, Woo S, Cheong AMY, Thompson B. A differential effect of visual cortex tDCS on reading of English and Chinese in patients with central vision loss. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1215-1217. [PMID: 36044975 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - A Lyu
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - S J Leat
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Khan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Labreche
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - J C H Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Q Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - G C Woo
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Woo
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A M Y Cheong
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
| | - B Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong, China
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Sarenac D, Silva AE, Kapahi C, Cory DG, Thompson B, Pushin DA. Human psychophysical discrimination of spatially dependant Pancharatnam-Berry phases in optical spin-orbit states. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3245. [PMID: 35228565 PMCID: PMC8885666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the ability of human observers to discriminate distinct profiles of spatially dependant geometric phases when directly viewing stationary structured light beams. Participants viewed polarization coupled orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, or "spin-orbit" states, in which the OAM was induced through Pancharatnam-Berry phases. The coupling between polarization and OAM in these beams manifests as spatially dependant polarization. Regions of uniform polarization are perceived as specifically oriented Haidinger's brushes, and study participants discriminated between two spin-orbit states based on the rotational symmetry in the spatial orientations of these brushes. Participants used self-generated eye movements to prevent adaptation to the visual stimuli. After initial training, the participants were able to correctly discriminate between two spin-orbit states, differentiated by OAM [Formula: see text], with an average success probability of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). These results support our previous observation that human observers can directly perceive spin-orbit states, and extend this finding to non-rotating beams, OAM modes induced via Pancharatnam-Berry phases, and the discrimination of states that are differentiated by OAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarenac
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - A E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - C Kapahi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D G Cory
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - B Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - D A Pushin
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
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Proença MA, Fernandes GMM, Russo A, Lelis RB, Netinho JG, Cunrath GS, Silva AE, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino EC. A case-control study of CYP2E1 (PstI) and CYP1A1 (MspI) polymorphisms in colorectal cancer. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17856-63. [PMID: 26782431 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.22.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding P450 cytochrome enzymes may increase the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC). Here we investigated the association between SCRC and CYP2E1 (PstI) and CYP1A1 (MspI) polymorphisms in a case-control study. Moreover, we sought to determine any possible associations between this disease and the sociodemographic factors. We included 273 individuals (74 patients and 199 controls); the gender, age, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption of the included subjects, and the clinico-histopathological parameters of the tumors, were analyzed. Molecular analyses were performed using PCR-RFLP. The effect of polymorphisms on SCRC development, and the association between this disease and sociodemographic factors were determined by multiple-logistic regression analyses. The combined genotype was also evaluated. Statistically significant differences between the patients and controls regarding the male gender (odds ratio, OR = 0.19, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.08-0.46; P ≤ 0.05) and age ≥44 years (median = 44; OR = 96.84, 95%CI = 21.78-430.49; P ≤ 0.05) were observed. The evaluated polymorphisms were not associated with SCRC (PstI-CYP2E1: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.30-2.85; P = 0.897; MspI-CYP1A1: OR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.35-1.61; P = 0.463); the combined genotypes were not associated with the risk of disease. Thus, individuals aged ≥44 years are more sensitive to SCRC, while men are less susceptible. Additionally, polymorphisms in CYP2E1 (PstI) and CYP1A1 (MspI) were not associated with SCRC in the evaluated Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Proença
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.,Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G M M Fernandes
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A Russo
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - R B Lelis
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J G Netinho
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Serviço Ambulatorial de Coloproctologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G S Cunrath
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Serviço Ambulatorial de Coloproctologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A E Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - E M Goloni-Bertollo
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - E C Pavarino
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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6
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Silva AE, Liu Z. Vertical opponency modulates sensitivity to horizontal motion. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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7
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Chubb C, Silva AE. THE FOUR HUMAN VISUAL MECHANISMS SENSITIVE TO GRAY SCALE SCRAMBLES. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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8
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Panzera Y, Pita S, Ferreiro MJ, Ferrandis I, Lages C, Pérez R, Silva AE, Guerra M, Panzera F. High Dynamics of rDNA Cluster Location in Kissing Bug Holocentric Chromosomes (Triatominae, Heteroptera). Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 138:56-67. [PMID: 22907389 DOI: 10.1159/000341888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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9
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Menezes AM, Dumith S, Martinez J, Silva AE, Cascaes A, Ferreira F, Dominguez G, Franca G, Dame J, Ngale K, Anselmi L. P2-187 Mental health and smoking among adolescents from a cohort in Southern Brazil. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976j.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Duarte MC, Babeto E, Leite KRM, Miyazaki K, Borim AA, Rahal P, Silva AE. Expression of TERT in precancerous gastric lesions compared to gastric cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 44:100-4. [PMID: 21180888 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the levels of TERT mRNA and TERT protein expression in stomach precancerous lesions such as intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric ulcer (GU) and compare them to gastric cancer (GC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect TERT mRNA expression levels in 35 biopsies of IM, 30 of GU, and 22 of GC and their respective normal mucosas. TERT protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 68 samples, 34 of IM, 23 of GU, and 11 of GC. Increased TERT mRNA expression levels were observed in a significant number of cases, i.e., 46% of IM, 50% of GU, and 79% of GC. The relative mean level of TERT mRNA after normalization with the β-actin reference gene and comparison with the respective adjacent normal mucosa was slightly increased in the IM and GU groups, 2.008 ± 2.605 and 2.730 ± 4.120, respectively, but high TERT mRNA expression was observed in the GC group (17.271 ± 33.852). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. TERT protein-positive immunostaining was observed in 38% of IM, 39% of GU, and 55% of GC. No association of TERT mRNA and protein expression with Helicobacter pylori infection or other clinicopathological variables was demonstrable, except for the incomplete type vs the complete type of IM. This study confirms previous data of the high expression of both TERT mRNA and protein in gastric cancer and also demonstrates this type of changed expression in IM and GU, thus suggesting that TERT expression may be deregulated in precursor lesions that participate in the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Giunco
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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12
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Targa AC, César ACG, Cury PM, Silva AE. Apoptosis in different gastric lesions and gastric cancer: relationship with Helicobacter pylori, overexpression of p53 and aneuploidy. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6:554-565. [PMID: 17985308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis has an essential function in maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Its deregulation is associated with the occurrence of lesions such as in atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers, intestinal metaplasia, and stomach tumorigenesis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of apoptotic cells (apoptotic index, AI) by using two different immunohistochemical techniques, TUNEL and anti-activated caspase-3 antibody (CPP32), in gastric dyspepsia [chronic gastritis (CG, N = 34), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG, N = 11), gastric ulcer (GU, N = 17), and intestinal metaplasia (IM, N = 15)], normal gastric mucosae (NM, N = 8), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GC, N = 12). The relationship was investigated between the AI and Helicobacter pylori infection, diagnosed by PCR, overexpression of p53 protein determined by immunohistochemistry, and aneuploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization, as performed by our laboratory in previous studies. No significant differences were observed in AI between the different groups, whether by the TUNEL technique (F = 1.60; p = 0.1670) or by CPP32 antibody (F = 1.70; p = 0.1420). Nonetheless, CAG and CG groups had AI statistically higher than those of normal mucosae. These two groups (CAG and CG) also showed a higher frequency of apoptosis-positive cases (TUNEL+ or CPP32+). Generally, there was no correlation between the AI detected by the TUNEL and CPP32 techniques in the groups studied, except in the GC group (r = 0.70). Moreover, there was no significant association between apoptosis and H. pylori infection, overexpression of p53 protein and aneuploidy, but the H. pylori-positive cases only of GU (p = 0.0233) and IM (p = 0.0253) groups displayed a statistically higher AI compared to H. pylori-negative NM, when the CPP32 antibody technique was used. Thus, CG and CAG have increased apoptosis, which may occur independent of an association with H. pylori infection, aneuploidy and overexpression of p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Targa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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13
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dos Santos EF, Lauria-Pires L, Pereira MG, Silva AE, Rodrigues IP, Maia MO. Use of antibacterial agents in an intensive care unit in a hospital in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2007; 11:355-9. [PMID: 17684639 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702007000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to monitor the utilisation of antibacterial drugs in order to establish appropriate measures for their control. The pattern of usage of antibacterial drugs, and its association with indicators of hospital infection, has been investigated in a non-specialized adult intensive care unit (ICU) located in Santa Luzia Hospital (Brasília, DF, Brazil). The study was conducted between January 2001 and June 2004. Data concerning the utilisation of systemic antibacterial drugs, classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system, and indicators of hospital infection, defined according to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system, were obtained from appropriate hospital archives. During the study period, the average utilisation of antibacterial drugs was 1918.5 DDD units per 1000 patient-day (DDD(1000)). The three most used drugs were penicillins/beta-lactamase inhibitors (535.3 DDD(1000)), third generation cephalosporins (239.1 DDD(1000)) and quinolones (212.5 DDD(1000)). The total utilisation of antibacterial drugs was correlated significantly with the incidence of hospital infection (R = 0.62; p < 0.01) and the index of invasive procedures (R = 0.41; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the latter two indicators were significantly and positively correlated with the use of recently commercialized, broad spectrum antibacterial drugs (except for carbapenems). It is concluded that improved infection control procedures, together with more rigorous criteria regarding the use of invasive procedures, should be implemented by the ICU studied in order to diminish the utilisation of antibacterial drugs.
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14
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Ocarino NM, Marubayashi U, Cardoso TG, Guimaraes CV, Silva AE, Torres RC, Serakides R. Physical activity in osteopenia treatment improved the mass of bones directly and indirectly submitted to mechanical impact. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7:84-93. [PMID: 17396014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of physical activity in the treatment of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy was studied in 34 two-month-old Wistar female rats. Animals were divided into three groups in which two were formed by ovariectomized (OVX) animals and the other one had sham-operated animals. Group 1, active OVX'd rats; group 2, sedentary OVX'd rats and group 3, sham-operated ones (control). After three months of daily physical activity in a motor-driven treadmill all rats were sacrificed. In order to perform a histomorphometric analysis, long bones, vertebrae, and nasal bone were selected at necropsy. Ovariectomized rats which exercised showed an increased trabecular bone volume, cortical thickness in the long bones and vertebrae and also an increased nasal bone thickness. Physical activity also increased the connection of osteocytes. It was concluded that physical activity in osteopenia treatment increases and restores the mass of bones directly and indirectly submitted to physical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ocarino
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Freitas ES, Leite ED, Silva AE, Ocarino NM, Ferreira E, Gomes MG, Cassali GD, Serakides R. Effect of Thyroxine and Propylthiouracil in Ehrlich Ascitic Tumor Cells. INT J MORPHOL 2006. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022006000500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Maciel RF, Deboni LM, Guterres JC, Branco AJ, Branco AW, Silva AE, Ramos L, Vieira JA. Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy versus transperitoneal anterior approach in living donors for renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:2748-9. [PMID: 16182799 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare two surgical approaches for living donor nephrectomy: transperitoneal anterior approach and the hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. Between January 2001 and October 2003 we performed 63 kidney transplantations from living donors. The transperitoneal anterior approach was used in 36 cases and the hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in 27. Outcomes were compared in terms of hospital stay, postoperative analgesia, and graft quality. Mean hospital stay was 4.7 days in the transperitoneal anterior approach group and 3.7 days in the hand-assisted laparoscopic group (P < .005). Postoperative analgesia dosage was significantly lower in the hand-assisted laparoscopic group (P < .001). Surgical complications and graft quality were similar. We concluded that hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy patients had shorter hospital stays and less pain in the postoperative period, with better cosmetic results and equivalent graft quality compared to transperitoneal anterior approach patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Maciel
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundacão Prorim de Santa Catarina, Hospital Municipal São José de Joinville, Joinville, Brazil.
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17
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Maciel RF, Branco AJ, Branco AW, Guterres JC, Silva AE, Ramos LB, Rost C, Vieira CA, Cicogna PES, Daudt CA, Deboni LM, Vieira MA, Luz HA, Vieira JA. Renal artery aneurysm in hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: case report. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2858-9. [PMID: 14697921 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a living donor who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy using a hand-assisted device (HALD). At preoperative arteriography the donor showed a renal artery aneurysm. The patient was a 37-year-old female, 166 cm height, white, weighing 87 kg, HLA identical to the recipient. HALD was indicated due to the better visualization of renal pedicle and greater security in an obese patient. Renal artery aneurysm is a rare condition, with many possible complications. The method proved to be adequate and safe for donor nephrectomy, despite a renal artery aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Maciel
- Serviço de Cirurgia e Transplante da Fundação Pro-Rim SC, Hospital Municipal São José de Joinville SC, Rua Leopoldo Fischer, 126 Atiradores, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil CEP 892-01780
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18
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Bigras JL, Ryan G, Suda K, Silva AE, Seaward PGR, Windrim R, McCrindle BW. Echocardiographic evaluation of fetal hydrothorax: the effusion ratio as a diagnostic tool. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 21:37-40. [PMID: 12528159 DOI: 10.1002/uog.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal hydrothorax may lead to hydrops and is associated with mortality as high as 50%. The objective of this study was to define the pathophysiology of fetal hydrothorax and its relation to hydrops. METHODS Measurements from echocardiograms of 33 fetuses diagnosed with hydrothorax were made, and included diameters of the thorax, heart, inferior vena cava, right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and aortic and pulmonary valves. Doppler-derived velocities were measured in the aorta and pulmonary artery just above the aortic and pulmonary valves. The ratio of the area of the effusion to the area of the thorax (effusion ratio) was calculated. Variables were converted into Z-scores from regression equations based on normal data. Features of fetuses with and without hydrops were compared. RESULTS Higher effusion ratios were noted in hydropic versus non-hydropic fetuses. Compared to a normal population, study subjects had smaller dimensions of LV, RV and aortic and pulmonary valves. They also had higher pulmonary artery peak velocities. The comparison between non-hydropic and hydropic fetuses revealed lower values for LV and pulmonary valve dimensions, and peak aortic velocity in hydropic fetuses. The severity of LV compression correlated significantly with effusion ratio. CONCLUSION Fetal hydrothorax is accompanied by compression of the cardiac structures, resulting in altered cardiac hemodynamics. Echocardiographic assessment, including the measurement of effusion ratio, may be a useful tool in guiding fetal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Bigras
- Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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19
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Hirakauva EY, Ferraz MLG, Perez RM, Ferreira AS, Silva AE, Hauache O, Pestana JOM. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in renal transplant patients with hepatitis B or C virus infection. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:3220-2. [PMID: 12493426 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Hirakauva
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Division of Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Lewandrowski KU, Gresser JD, Bondre S, Silva AE, Wise DL, Trantolo DJ. Developing porosity of poly(propylene glycol-co-fumaric acid) bone graft substitutes and the effect on osteointegration: a preliminary histology study in rats. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2001; 11:879-89. [PMID: 11211098 DOI: 10.1163/156856200744075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioresorbable bone graft substitutes could eliminate disadvantages associated with the use of autografts, allografts and other synthetic materials. We investigated a bioresorbable bone graft substitute made from the unsaturated polyester poly(propylene fumarate) which is crosslinked in the presence of soluble and insoluble calcium filler salts. This compact bone graft substitute material develops porosity in vivo by leaching of the soluble filler salts. In attempt to develop materials whose in vivo porosity can be designed such that implant degradation would occur at a rate that remains supportive of the overall structural integrity of the repairing defect site, we studied the early tissue response upon implantation in a bony defect. Three grout formulations of varying solubilities using slightly soluble hydroxyapatite (HA) and soluble calcium acetate (CA) were evaluated in 3 mm holes made in the anteromedial tibial metaphysis of 200 g Sprague Dawley rats (n = 16 per formulation for a total of 48 animals). Grout formulations cured in situ. Animals from each formulation were sacrificed in groups of 8 at 4 days and 3 weeks postoperatively. Histologic analysis of the healing process revealed improved in vivo osteointegration of bone graft substitutes when a higher loading of calcium acetate was employed. All formulations maintained implant integrity and did not provoke sustained inflammatory responses. This study suggested that the presence of a soluble salt permits in vivo development of porosity of a poly(propylene fumarate) based bone graft substitute material.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Lewandrowski
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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21
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Lopes LV, Lopes EP, Ferraz ML, Silva AE, Kirsztajn G, Sesso R, Pereira AB. Urinary abnormalities in chronic hepatitis C--a follow-up study. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 78:237. [PMID: 9496751 DOI: 10.1159/000044924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been reported, in particular essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, lichen planus and thyroid disorders [1]. In addition, evidence of HCV infection has been found in patients with glomerulonephritis, but the exact incidence of urinary abnormalities in patients with this infection is unknown [2]. The present study was undertaken to investigate urinary abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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22
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Lopes EP, Granato CH, Lanzoni V, Granero L, Paranhos-Baccala G, Tomiyama H, Silva AE, Ferraz ML. Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus antibody detection using a recombinant protein derived from the core region of hepatitis C virus genome. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:717-20. [PMID: 10998223 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for hepatitis C virus antibody detection (anti-HCV), using just one antigen. Anti-HCV EIA was designed to detect anti-HCV IgG using on the solid-phase a recombinant C22 antigen localized at the N-terminal end of the core region of HCV genome, produced by BioMérieux. The serum samples diluted in phosphate buffer saline were added to wells coated with the C22, and incubated. After washings, the wells were loaded with conjugated anti-IgG, and read in a microtiter plate reader (492 nm). Serum samples of 145 patients were divided in two groups: a control group of 39 patients with non-C hepatitis (10 acute hepatitis A, 10 acute hepatitis B, 9 chronic hepatitis B, and 10 autoimmune hepatitis) and a study group consisting of 106 patients with chronic HCV hepatitis. In the study group all patients had anti-HCV detected by a commercially available EIA (Abbott), specific for HCV structural and nonstructural polypeptides, alanine aminotransferase elevation or positive serum HCV-RNA detected by nested-PCR. They also had a liver biopsy compatible with chronic hepatitis. The test was positive in 101 of the 106 (95%) sera from patients in the study group and negative in 38 of the 39 (97%) sera from those in the control group, showing an accuracy of 96%. According to these results, our EIA could be used to detect anti-HCV in the serum of patients infected with hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Lopes
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brasil
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23
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Felipe M, Silva AE, Lopes EP, Figueiredo VM, Cruz CN, Oliveira PM, Granero L, Lanzoni V, Ferraz LG. A prospective and randomized study using ribavirin as monotherapy for the treatment of naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. Braz J Infect Dis 2000; 4:183-91. [PMID: 11008222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the response to ribavirin in previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitic C, 39 patients were selected for a double-blind prospective and randomized trial, and divided into two groups: ribavirin-group (19 patients) and placebo-group (20 patients). Ribavirin was administered orally for 24 weeks (600 mg/day, followed by 1,000 mg/day and 1,200 mg/day each one for 8 weeks). After 3 months of drug administration, the patients were evaluated by measuring biochemical, virologic and histologic responses. After this phase, ribavirin was offered to the patients who had received placebo (second phase). The results showed that the patients who received ribavirin showed a higher reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity than patients in the placebo group. Among the patients in the ribavirin-group, a complete biochemical response (ALT levels normalized) was observed in 3 patients (16%), and a partial response (reduction greater than 50% of the initial value of ALT activity) in 4 (21%). In the 20 patients in the placebo group, only 1 showed a partial response (5%). In the second phase of the study, among 16 patients who received ribavirin, 4 (25%) showed a complete and 5 (31%) a partial biochemical response. HCV-RNA did not become negative in any patient during the two phases. A reduction in the score of portal and lobular activity was observed in patients who received ribavirin, but statistical analysis did not identify differences. This study showed that ribavirin alone induces a biochemical response (ALT reduction) in some patients with chronic hepatitis C, which may be associated with a reduction in hepatic inflammatory activity reduction, but the changes are not sufficient to recommend initial monotherapy with ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Felipe
- Federal University of São Paulo, Medical School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Lewandrowski KU, Bondre S, Gresser JD, Silva AE, Wise DL, Trantolo DJ. Augmentation of osteoinduction with a biodegradable poly(propylene glycol-co-fumaric acid) bone graft extender. A histologic and histomorphometric study in rats. Biomed Mater Eng 2000; 9:325-34. [PMID: 10822488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of enhancing the regeneration of skeletal tissues by augmenting bone grafts with a composite biodegradable bone graft extender material based on the polymer poly(propylene fumarate), PPF. The material was mixed with autograft and allograft and placed directly into a cylindrical metaphyseal defect made in the rat tibia. These formulations were compared to defects without any graft material, autografts, allografts and PPF alone. Nine animals were included in each group. Animals were sacrificed at 1 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Implantation sites were then evaluated using histologic and histomorphometric methods. Results of this study showed that defects did not heal in sham operated animals. In the experimental groups, there was early new woven bone formation in the autograft group with near complete healing of the defect at four weeks. When PPF was used alone, gradual ingrowth of new bone was seen. Mixing of the PPF bone graft extender with either allograft or autograft material resulted in enhancement of new bone formation with both allo- and autograft. However, significantly more new bone formation than in the autograft group was only seen when the PPF bone graft extender was mixed with fresh autograft. Histomorphometry corroborated these findings. Results of this study suggest that a PPF-based material may be used to increase the volume of smaller amounts of bone grafts supporting the concept of "bone graft extenders" by application of engineered biodegradable porous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Lewandrowski
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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25
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Bryan DJ, Holway AH, Wang KK, Silva AE, Trantolo DJ, Wise D, Summerhayes IC. Influence of glial growth factor and Schwann cells in a bioresorbable guidance channel on peripheral nerve regeneration. Tissue Eng 2000; 6:129-38. [PMID: 10941208 DOI: 10.1089/107632700320757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using an established rat peripheral nerve regeneration model, we investigated the role of glial growth factor (GGF) in nerve regeneration in combination with a novel bioresorbable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) guide in vivo. Schwann cells, established from a 1-cm segment of excised rat sciatic nerve, were isolated and seeded onto nerve guides with or without GGF (n = 24/group). Living nerve guides were re-established in these animals, and nerve regeneration was assessed over a period of 12 weeks. Histological studies revealed a reduction in the total axon count and the number of myelinated axons in the presence of exogenously added Schwann cells compared to saline controls. In contrast, the addition of GGF alone enhanced the total number of axons and significantly increased the number of blood vessels. Although combining GGF with Schwann cells negated the enhanced numbers of axons and blood vessels seen with GGF alone, this combination resulted in the highest myelination index and the fastest conduction velocities recorded. The PLGA guide material did not trigger any histologically detectable host response and was permissive for nerve regeneration in this animal model. The results from this study demonstrate the potential utility of this guide in vivo and establish a promotional role for GGF in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Bryan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Robert E. Wise M.D. Research and Education Institute Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Lopes LM, Lopes EP, Silva AE, Abreu PF, Kirsztajn GM, Pereira AB, Ferraz ML. [Glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis c virus infection]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1999; 32:1-6. [PMID: 9927817 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821999000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 4 patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection seen between August 1993 and July 1996. Two of them were male and median age was 41 years. Anti-HCV was detected by enzyme-immunoassay and HCV-RNA by PCR. Serum cryoglobulins, 24-hour proteinuria, and erythrocyte dismorphism were also determined. Viremia, cryoglobulinemia, hematuria and proteinuria were observed in all patients. Liver biopsies revealed inflammatory activity in 3 cases, and renal biopsies revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 3 patients and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 1 patient. Two patients are on specific therapy for HCV infection (IFN in combination with ribavirin) and have presented clinical and laboratory improvement. The occurrence of active liver disease and viremia concurrent with urinary alterations suggests viral involvement in renal disease, a conclusion supported by the by improvement of urinary alterations observed after treatment for HCV. We conclude that the search for viral markers in patients with GN is important since their detection could change the therapeutic approach.
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Abstract
We report a case of a patient with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) who showed improvement after interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy. A 35-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome and HBV antigens received a 24-week course of IFN-alpha. At the end of therapy there was an elevation in the level of plasma aminotransferase and an increase in proteinuria, which were followed by antigen/antibody seroconversion. This "flare-up" before seroconversion suggests an increase in disease activity in the liver and kidney, demonstrating in vivo HBV involvement in MGN.
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28
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Ferraz ML, Yoradjian A, Barbieri A, Figueiredo V, Lopes Neto E, Cruz CN, Silva AE. Epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil: retrospective study of two five-year periods. SAO PAULO MED J 1998; 116:1695-9. [PMID: 9876446 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31801998000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT HBV infection is endemic in Brazil and acute HBV infection is still a common disease. OBJECTIVE To analyze incidence, risk factors and evolution of acute HBV infection. SETTING University Hospital. PATIENTS 357 patients with acute HBV infection, comparing two periods: 1985-1989 vs. 1990-1994. RESULTS The overall incidence declined from 50 new cases/year in 1985-89 (30% of all cases) to 25 new cases/year in 1990-94 (8% of all cases). Transmission among male homosexuals (3.9% of cases in 85-89) declined to 1.3% in 90-94 (p > 0.05). Amongst health care workers (HCW) it declined from 8.2% to 2.0% (p = 0.02). Conversely, heterosexual transmission increased from 4.8% to 10.1% (p = 0.06). Chronification of HBV infection following the acute episode was observed in 1.7%. Fulminant hepatic failure was seen in 3.4%. However, 27.2% of patients were lost to follow-up before normalization of the biochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS The different patterns of risk factors observed is probably related to measures for preventing AIDS and to HCW vaccination programs. Chronification following acute episodes was not a common event.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Discipline of Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
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29
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Silva AE, McMahon BJ, Parkinson AJ, Sjogren MH, Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Hepatitis B virus DNA in persons with isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen who subsequently received hepatitis B vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:895-7. [PMID: 9564471 DOI: 10.1086/513918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum samples from 133 persons who were positive only for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were retested for seromarkers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by radioimmunoassay and for HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction analysis. All persons were subsequently vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine. HBV DNA was found in only five persons, four of whom remained positive during retesting. Most persons had a primary antibody response with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Evidence of HBV DNA was not detected in 96% of persons with isolated anti-HBc by EIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Silva
- Hepatitis Studies Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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31
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Turchi MD, Martelli CM, Ferraz ML, Silva AE, Cardoso D das D, Martelli P, Oliveira LJ. Immunogenicity of low-dose intramuscular and intradermal vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997; 39:15-9. [PMID: 9394531 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651997000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study is a randomized trial using recombinant DNA vaccine to determine whether an intramuscular 10 micrograms dose or intradermal 2 micrograms induces satisfactory anti-HBs levels compared to the standard dose of intramuscular 20 micrograms. Participants were 359 healthy medical and nurse students randomly allocated to one of the three groups: Group I-IM 20 micrograms; Group II-IM 10 micrograms; Group III-ID 2 micrograms at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs titres were measured after complete vaccine schedule by ELISA/Pasteur. Baseline variables were similar among groups and side effects were mild after any dose. Vaccines in the IM-10 micrograms group had seroconversion rate and geometric mean titre (GMT 2344 IU L-1), not significant different from the IM-20 micrograms group (GMT 4570 IU L-1). On the contrary, 21.4% of the ID-2 micrograms recipients mount antibody concentration below 10 IU L-1 and GMT of 91 IU L-1, a statistically significant difference compared with the standard schedule IM-20 micrograms (p < 0.001). A three dose regimen of half dose IM could be considered an appropriate schedule to prevent hepatitis B in young health adults which is of relevance to the expansion of hepatitis B vaccine programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Turchi
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
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Ferraz ML, Adania RS, Figueiredo VM, Lanzoni VP, Silva AE. Significance of the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in asymptomatic blood donors. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29:1275-82. [PMID: 9181097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the significance of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies in blood donors, 46 consecutive asymptomatic individuals were recruited at the blood bank of Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. They were submitted to an interview to collect epidemiological data and to clinical examination and blood samples were obtained for biochemical, serological and virological analysis. All patients were followed for a minimum period of six months and those with abnormal mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were submitted to a liver biopsy after giving informed consent. Hepatitis C virus RNA (HCVRNA) was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 22/47 (47.8%) patients and this finding was associated with parenteral risk factors (P = 0.03) and ethanol abuse (P = 0.03). HCVRNA positivity was also associated with abnormal levels of ALT (P < 0.001) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) (P = 0.01). Abnormal ALT levels were good marker of viremia, with 86.4% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity. Twenty-three patients with elevated mean ALT levels were submitted to a liver biopsy and histopathological changes were observed in 17 of them (73.9%). HCVRNA positivity was associated with severe forms of hepatic disease (chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis). These results indicate the need for a judicious evaluation of all anti-HCV-positive blood donors, including clinical examination, biochemical tests and liver histology when ALT is persistently elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. [Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian Reservation of Xingu, central Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996; 29:431-9. [PMID: 8966307 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821996000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical literature has shown that the inhabitants of the Amazon region are highly affected by hepatitis B and delta viruses infection, but this has never been studied in Indian children by age group. A study of the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B and delta viruses in Indian children aged 0 to 14 years living in the PIX was carried out. This Park is located in Central Brazil, a region which is in the transition between the savannab to the south and the Amazon jungle to the north. To determine the prevalence of HBV and HDV markers in Indian children and to characterize the route of HBV transmission in this region. Out of the 17 tribes living in the PIX, two--the Caiabi and the Txucarramãe--were chosen because both live in the North part of the Park, but have quite different ways of life. The overall prevalence of HBV serum markers was: HBsAg, 4.5%; anti-HBs, 39.6%; anti-HBc, 44.1%; any marker of HBV, 47.3%; and anti-HDV, 0.0%. However, a striking difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B markers was observed between the two tribes: younger Caiabi children were much less affected than the Txucarramãe ones. The prevalence of HBsAg in fertile women was 12%, being anti-HBe positive. Our data suggest that HBV infection is highly prevalent among Indian children living in this Indigenous Park and vertical infection is not an important route of transmission in either tribes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Azevedo
- Departamento de Pediatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo
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35
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Abstract
We present our results of intermittent prophylaxis with oral diazepam in febrile seizures. We treated 82 patients aged between 3 months and 5 years. They have had simple or complex febrile seizures. Recurrence occurred in 22 patients (26%), none had a long-lasting febrile convulsion. Transient side effects occurred in 21.95% of the cases. We conclude that diazepam is a safe and effective drug for prophylaxis of febrile seizures when used as soon as any sign of illness appears. We suggest, however, that the administration of the drug should be indicated if the child presents at least one consistent predictor of risk of recurrent febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costa
- Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
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36
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Ferraz ML, Silva AE, Macdonald GA, Tsarev SA, Di Biscelgie AM, Lucey MR. Fulminant hepatitis in patients undergoing liver transplantation: evidence for a non-A, non-B, non-C, non-D, and non-E syndrome. Liver Transpl Surg 1996; 2:60-6. [PMID: 9346629 DOI: 10.1002/lt.500020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in the absence of serum markers of hepatitis A (HAV) or B (HBV) infection or another cause is called non-A, non-B (NANB) FHF. The pathogenetic role of viral infection in NANB FHF remains controversial. To better define this relationship, we studied patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for FHF. Thirty-six patients with FHF underwent transplantation between 1987 and 1992. Pre-OLT serum was available for 24 patients, 14 with NANB FHF (all female; mean age, 32 years), and 10 (3 males, 7 females; mean age, 20 years) with a defined origin for FHF who formed the control group. Sera were tested using polymerase chain reaction for HAV, HCV, HDV, and HEV RNA and HBV DNA, and also serologically for antibodies to these viruses. In the NANB group, pre-OLT serum was negative for all viruses tested. Four patients in the control group had HBV serologically, 2 with HBV DNA in serum. One of these 4 also had hepatitis C and one hepatitis D infection. There was no difference in intensive care unit or hospital stay between the groups. The only significant difference in laboratory data was for peak creatinine pre-OLT (0.94 mg/dL in NANB v 1.62 mg/dL; P < .05). Two patients in the NANB groups and 3 in the control group required early retransplantation for graft primary nonfunction. One case of NANB FHF appeared to recur at 6 months but not after subsequent retransplantation. NANB FHF is not associated with hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E in plasma. It has a later age of onset but a similar clinical course to other forms of FHF and appears to preferentially affect women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, USA
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Ferraz ML, de Oliveira PM, Figueiredo VM, Kemp VL, Castelo Filho A, Silva AE. [The optimization of the use of economic resources for vaccination against hepatitis B in professionals in the health area]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1995; 28:393-403. [PMID: 8668841 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821995000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to optimize the employment of financial resources to be allocated for hepatitis B vaccination programs involving health care workers, two different aspects were studied: the need of a pre-vaccination screening and the efficacy of low-doses schedules of HBV vaccine by the intradermal (ID) route. The economical analysis (a cost-minimization study) showed that when the prevalence of immune individuals is higher than 11% it is more cost-effective to perform pre-vaccination screening. This situation was observed in the employees group. For students and doctors vaccination without screening was the best approach. Regarding the schedules, 3 doses of HBV vaccine by the intramuscular (IM) route (group A) were compared to first dose by the ID route and second and third doses by the IM route (group B) and to first and second doses by the ID route and the last dose by the IM route (group C). After the third dose, soroconversion rates in groups A and B (92% and 93%, respectively) and geometric mean titers of antiHBs (1278 UI/L and 789.6 UI/L) were similar, and both were different from group A (p < 0.05), showing that alternative vaccination schedules may be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
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Lopes EP, Silva AE, Sette Junior H, Guimarães RX, Ferraz ML. Autoantibodies before, during and after administration of recombinant interferon-alpha for chronic viral hepatitis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1995; 37:455-60. [PMID: 8729757 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651995000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C, before, during and after interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy and to study their relation to dose and type of IFN-alpha and response to treatment. Fifty patients with chronic hepatitis were divided in two groups, a control-group of 21 patients (10 type B and 11 type C) who were followed for 6 months without treatment and an IFN-group consisting of 29 patients (8 type B and 21 type C) who received IFN therapy for 6 months. Serum samples were tested for a range of antibodies at the start of the study, during therapy and at the end of the 6 month period. Antibodies tested for included: antinuclear, smooth muscle, antimitochondrial, parietal cell and thyroid microsomal. Four (8%) of the total patient group had autoantibodies at the beginning of the study (two in each group). During the follow-up period no patient in the control group developed antibodies compared with 3 (11%) patients in the treatment group. Autoantibodies developed in patients treated with higher doses of IFN and were found in those patients who tended to show a poor response to IFN-therapy. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between poor response to IFN-alpha and development of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Lopes
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract
Health care workers (HCW) are a group at risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; as a result, vaccination is recommended. However, elevated cost of the vaccination schedule is one of the limiting factors to this approach. Our aim in this study was to evaluate alternative schedules for vaccination against hepatitis B, in order to obtain safe immunization with reduced costs. We studied 300 HCW, randomized to be submitted to one of three vaccination schedules against hepatitis B: Group A--three doses of 20 micrograms i.m. (n = 103); Group B--first dose i.d. (2 micrograms), second and third doses i.m. (20 micrograms) (n = 97); Group C--first and second doses i.d. (2 micrograms), third dose i.m. (20 micrograms) (n = 100). All individuals received recombinant vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months. After the first dose, there was no difference among the three schedules, either in terms of anamnestic response or in seroconversion rate. After the second dose, there was statistical difference among the three schedules (A > B > C), in terms of seroconversion rates. After the third dose, seroconversion rates were 92.2% in Group A and 92.8% in group B; geometric mean titers (GMT) in Group B (789.6 UI l-1) were similar to group A (1248.0 UI l-1). Group C presented a seroconversion rate of 78% and a GMT of 323.0 UI l-1, both statistically inferior to other schedules. We concluded that the schedule applied in Group B had similar results when compared to schedule A, with estimated savings of 30% in vaccine costs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Oliveira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Paulista School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Cendoroglo Neto M, Manzano SI, Canziani ME, Silva AE, Cirenza LF, Sesso RDC, Ajzen H, Draibe SA. Environmental transmission of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses within the hemodialysis unit. Artif Organs 1995; 19:251-5. [PMID: 7539998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted in the dialysis setting through blood transfusions and environmental surfaces. Transfusion related hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is very well known, but only recently the environmental transmission of this virus was postulated. In order to study the prevalence, mechanisms of transmission, and the ALT patterns of HBV and HCV infections in hemodialysis and CAPD patients before the implementation of HBV vaccination and HCV screening in the blood bank, we conducted a study from January 1987 to January 1990. Sera from 185 hemodialysis and 124 CAPD patients were stored in this period and later analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV (second generation ELISA). The prevalence of any HBV marker was 55.7% (103/185) for hemodialysis patients and 31.5% (39/124) for CAPD patients (hemodialysis vs. CAPD, p < 0.001). The prevalence of positive anti-HCV was 35.1% (65/185) for hemodialysis and 33.9% (42/124) for CAPD patients (not significant). There was a significant association between HBV markers positivity and anti-HCV positivity. The multivariate analysis of risk factors revealed an association of the positivity of each virus with the duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT), number of previous blood transfusions, and past history of hemodialysis treatment. Thus, besides the transfusion-related transmission, hemodialysis environmental transmission may also occur for both viruses. The findings of a high prevalence of both viruses and evidence for environmental transmission in the dialysis setting are of major importance for the planning of future preventive measures.
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Sallie R, Silva AE, Purdy M, Smith H, McCaustland K, Tibbs C, Portmann B, Eddleston A, Bradley D, Williams R. Hepatitis C and E in non-A non-B fulminant hepatic failure: a polymerase chain reaction and serological study. J Hepatol 1994; 20:580-8. [PMID: 8071532 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with fulminant hepatic failure have clinical, biochemical and histological features suggestive of acute viral hepatitis, without serological evidence of either hepatitis A or B. The contribution of hepatitis C to such cases of non-A non-B fulminant hepatic failure is presently uncertain while hepatitis E is well recognized as a cause of fulminant hepatic failure in endemic areas. Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of both hepatitis C and E virus as well as two serological assays for anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-hepatitis E virus western blotting (both IgG and IgM) were performed on acute sera of 42 consecutive cases of non A, non B-fulminant hepatic failure and on convalescent sera of 17 of 20 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Fresh liver tissue, obtained at the time of transplantation, was also studied by polymerase chain reaction in eight cases. Evidence of an acute hepatitis E virus infection (hepatitis E virus RNA amplified from serum by polymerase chain reaction or serum IgM positive to western blot) was found in eight patients. One patient had anti-HCV at presentation but assays on later sera proved negative. Convalescent sera and sera obtained after orthotopic liver transplantation were all negative to both anti-HCV assay systems, but HCV RNA was not found in either serum or liver tissue in any case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sallie
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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Silva AE, Hosein B, Boyle RW, Fang CT, Shindo M, Waggoner JG, Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C: comparison of immunoassays and the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:493-6. [PMID: 8147348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a series of first- and second-generation enzyme-linked immunoassays for anti-HCV and compared the findings to those with two confirmatory assays, the recombinant immunoblot assay and serum HCV RNA, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, primary biliary cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis B. All second-generation immunoassays had good sensitivities (98-100%). Interestingly, detection of HCV RNA had a sensitivity of only 93%, although it was 100% specific. The recombinant immunoblot assay and a peptide-based immunoassay also had good specificity (97% and 100%, respectively), whereas the second-generation immunoassay based on recombinant proteins had a high rate of false positivity, particularly among patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and hyperglobulinemia (specificity 68%). Thus, the diagnosis of HCV infection appears to require the use of more than one test. Whereas a second-generation enzyme-linked immunoassay can be used as an initial test, a confirmatory test (such as recombinant immunoblot assay or determination of hepatitis C viral RNA) may be required if the diagnosis remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Silva
- Liver Diseases Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lopes EP, Oliveira PM, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Costa CH, Miranda W, Dib SA. Exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus during interferon-alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Lancet 1994; 343:244. [PMID: 7904708 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ferraz ML, Lopes EP, Adania RS, de Oliveira PM, Silva AE, Guimarães RX. [Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 1993; 39:107-14. [PMID: 7694730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica da Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo
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Zaterka S, Massuda H, Chinzon D, Eisig JN, Miszputen S, Kendo M, Silva AE, Ferrari Júnior AP, Castro LP, Castro FJ. Treatment of duodenal ulcer with omeprazole or ranitidine in a Brazilian population: a multicenter double-blind, parallel group study. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:397-401. [PMID: 8438847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and forty-one patients with at least one ulcer at stage A1 or A2, measuring at least 5 mm in its larger diameter, were included in this Brazilian double-blind randomized study. Patients received omeprazole 20 mg in the morning (n = 120) or ranitidine 300 mg at night (n = 121) for 2 wk; unhealed ulcers were treated for an additional 2 wk. At the end of 4 wk, unhealed ulcers were treated openly with omeprazole 20 mg o.m. for 4 wk. Healing rates at 2 and 4 wk were 67.3% and 92.9% for omeprazole and 39.8% and 82.0% for ranitidine (per protocol analysis). Results were similar when analyzed as intention to treat (p significant in favor of omeprazole). Epigastric day-time pain was the most common of all symptoms (89.2%), but only heartburn at day 15 showed a significantly better response to omeprazole than to ranitidine. A multivariate analysis (logit analysis) showed that the odds in favor of healing were greater for small ulcers, nonsmokers, and omeprazole treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaterka
- Department of Clinical Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da F.M.U.S.P., Brazil
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Cendoroglo Neto M, Tedesco Júnior HS, Silva Júnior AP, Manzano SI, Silva AE, Draibe SA, Ajzen H, Pestana JO. Viral hepatitis B and HCV infection among renal transplant patients in Brazil. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:3087-8. [PMID: 1466067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Cendoroglo Neto
- Division of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva AE, Manzato AJ, Varella-Garcia M. Sister-chromatid exchanges in beta-thalassaemic patients under conditions of in vivo and in vitro depletion of folic acid. Mutat Res 1992; 282:213-7. [PMID: 1378556 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(92)90098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of folate depletion, lymphocyte sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) rates were compared among homozygous beta-thalassaemic patients with low folic acid levels, heterozygous beta-thalassaemic patients with normal folate levels and healthy persons with normal haemoglobin, in cultures with both normal and depleted folate conditions. Significantly higher SCE rates were found in homozygous patients in all assays, but the in vitro folate depletion did not induce an increase in SCE frequency in any group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
The authors developed a comparative study of the various methods of assessment of immune response to Hepatitis B vaccine. Eighty-six health care professionals underwent a vaccination programme with three doses of plasma-derived vaccine against Hepatitis B (H-B-Vax, Merck, Sharp & Dohme) given intramuscularly. Assessment of immune response was carried out three months after the end of the programme, by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The results showed that the semi-quantitative assessment of Anti-HBs antibodies by RIA or EIA was perfectly comparable to the reference method (quantitative determination of antibodies by RIA). In view of these findings, the authors suggest a standardization of assessment of immune response to the vaccine, thus permitting correct planning of booster doses and easier comparison between different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
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49
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Ferraz ML, Silva AE, Kemp VL, Cruz CN, Guimarães RX. [Evaluation of the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccine in health care professionals]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 1992; 38:5-8. [PMID: 1307059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown the safety and efficacy of Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, but it is well known that host and immunization factors can affect the response to HB vaccine. In order to assess the importance of some of these factors we evaluated the immune response of 86 health care workers who received three doses of H-B-Vax intramuscularly (deltoid), at days 0, 30 and 180. Serum samples were taken after each dose and anti-HBs antibodies were determined by quantitative radioimmunoassay. The results showed that males had a diminished immune response to the first dose of HB vaccine (31.7% x 53.3%, p < 0.05) and had geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs lower than females at the end of the vaccination program (2109.4 x 2453.8, p > 0.05). Smokers had a lower rate of seroconversion after the first dose (29.7% x 53.1%, p < 0.05) and reached lower GMT (2015.2 x 2453.8, p > 0.05) than non-smokers. There were no statistically significant differences between individuals younger or older than 35 years old, in either immunological response of level of anti-HBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ferraz
- Disc. de Gastroenterol. da Esc. Paul. de Med., São Paulo
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Ferrari AP, Geocze S, Ferraz ML, Silva AE, Vilela MP. Lack of evidence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as a risk factor for transmission of hepatitis B virus. Endoscopy 1991; 23:353. [PMID: 1778148 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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