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Woodward H, Schroeder A, de Nazelle A, Pain CC, Stettler MEJ, ApSimon H, Robins A, Linden PF. Do we need high temporal resolution modelling of exposure in urban areas? A test case. Sci Total Environ 2023; 885:163711. [PMID: 37149198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Roadside concentrations of harmful pollutants such as NOx are highly variable in both space and time. This is rarely considered when assessing pedestrian and cyclist exposures. We aim to fully describe the spatio-temporal variability of exposures of pedestrians and cyclists travelling along a road at high resolution. We evaluate the value added of high spatio-temporal resolution compared to high spatial resolution only. We also compare high resolution vehicle emissions modelling to using a constant volume source. We highlight conditions of peak exposures, and discuss implications for health impact assessments. Using the large eddy simulation code Fluidity we simulate NOx concentrations at a resolution of 2 m and 1 s along a 350 m road segment in a complex real-world street geometry including an intersection and bus stops. We then simulate pedestrian and cyclist journeys for different routes and departure times. For the high spatio-temporal method, the standard deviation in 1 s concentration experienced by pedestrians (50.9 μg.m-3) is nearly three times greater than that predicted by the high-spatial only (17.5 μg.m-3) or constant volume source (17.6 μg.m-3) methods. This exposure is characterised by low concentrations punctuated by short duration, peak exposures which elevate the mean exposure and are not captured by the other two methods. We also find that the mean exposure of cyclists on the road (31.8 μg.m-3) is significantly greater than that of cyclists on a roadside path (25.6 μg.m-3) and that of pedestrians on a sidewalk (17.6 μg.m-3). We conclude that ignoring high resolution temporal air pollution variability experienced at the breathing time scale can lead to a mischaracterization of pedestrian and cyclist exposures, and therefore also potentially the harm caused. High resolution methods reveal that peaks, and hence mean exposures, can be meaningfully reduced by avoiding hyper-local hotspots such as bus stops and junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Woodward
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - A Schroeder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - A de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C C Pain
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M E J Stettler
- Centre for Transport Studies, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H ApSimon
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Robins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - P F Linden
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zhylka A, Sollmann N, Kofler F, Radwan A, De Luca A, Gempt J, Wiestler B, Menze B, Schroeder A, Zimmer C, Kirschke JS, Sunaert S, Leemans A, Krieg SM, Pluim J. Reconstruction of the Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Motor-Eloquent High-Grade Gliomas Using Multilevel Fiber Tractography Combined with Functional Motor Cortex Mapping. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:283-290. [PMID: 36797033 PMCID: PMC10187805 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tractography of the corticospinal tract is paramount to presurgical planning and guidance of intraoperative resection in patients with motor-eloquent gliomas. It is well-known that DTI-based tractography as the most frequently used technique has relevant shortcomings, particularly for resolving complex fiber architecture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate multilevel fiber tractography combined with functional motor cortex mapping in comparison with conventional deterministic tractography algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients (mean age, 61.5 [SD, 12.2] years) with motor-eloquent high-grade gliomas underwent MR imaging with DWI (TR/TE = 5000/78 ms, voxel size = 2 × 2 × 2 mm3, 1 volume at b = 0 s/mm2, 32 volumes at b = 1000 s/mm2). DTI, constrained spherical deconvolution, and multilevel fiber tractography-based reconstruction of the corticospinal tract within the tumor-affected hemispheres were performed. The functional motor cortex was enclosed by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping before tumor resection and used for seeding. A range of angular deviation and fractional anisotropy thresholds (for DTI) was tested. RESULTS For all investigated thresholds, multilevel fiber tractography achieved the highest mean coverage of the motor maps (eg, angular threshold = 60°; multilevel/constrained spherical deconvolution/DTI, 25% anisotropy threshold = 71.8%, 22.6%, and 11.7%) and the most extensive corticospinal tract reconstructions (eg, angular threshold = 60°; multilevel/constrained spherical deconvolution/DTI, 25% anisotropy threshold = 26,485 mm3, 6308 mm3, and 4270 mm3). CONCLUSIONS Multilevel fiber tractography may improve the coverage of the motor cortex by corticospinal tract fibers compared with conventional deterministic algorithms. Thus, it could provide a more detailed and complete visualization of corticospinal tract architecture, particularly by visualizing fiber trajectories with acute angles that might be of high relevance in patients with gliomas and distorted anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zhylka
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.Z., J.P.), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - N Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (N.S.), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (N.S., F.K., B.W., C.Z., J.S.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (N.S., C.Z., J.S.K., S.M.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (N.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - F Kofler
- Helmholtz AI (F.K.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (N.S., F.K., B.W., C.Z., J.S.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar
- Image-Based Biomedical Modeling (F.K., B.M.)
- Department of Informatics, TranslaTUM (F.K., B.W.), Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research
| | - A Radwan
- Department of Imaging and Pathology (A.R., S.S.), Translational MRI
- Department of Neurosciences (A.R., S.S.), Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A De Luca
- Image Sciences Institute (A.D.L., A.L.)
- Neurology Department (A.D.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., A.S., S.M.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikumrechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Wiestler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (N.S., F.K., B.W., C.Z., J.S.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar
- Department of Informatics, TranslaTUM (F.K., B.W.), Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research
| | - B Menze
- Image-Based Biomedical Modeling (F.K., B.M.)
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine (B.M.), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., A.S., S.M.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikumrechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (N.S., F.K., B.W., C.Z., J.S.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (N.S., C.Z., J.S.K., S.M.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - J S Kirschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (N.S., F.K., B.W., C.Z., J.S.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (N.S., C.Z., J.S.K., S.M.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar
| | - S Sunaert
- Department of Imaging and Pathology (A.R., S.S.), Translational MRI
- Department of Neurosciences (A.R., S.S.), Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute (A.D.L., A.L.)
| | - S M Krieg
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (N.S., C.Z., J.S.K., S.M.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.G., A.S., S.M.K.), School of Medicine, Klinikumrechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Pluim
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.Z., J.P.), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Nakamura JP, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Sundram S, Hill RA. Timing of maternal immune activation and sex influence schizophrenia-relevant cognitive constructs and neuregulin and GABAergic pathways. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:70-82. [PMID: 34808289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is an established environmental risk factor for schizophrenia. Timing of immune activation exposure as well as sex of the exposed offspring are critical factors in defining the effects of MIA. However, the specificity of MIA on the component structure of schizophrenia, especially cognition, has been difficult to assess due to a lack of translational validity of maze-like testing paradigms. We aimed to assess cognitive domains relevant to schizophrenia using highly translational touchscreen-based tasks in male and female mice exposed to the viral mimetic, poly(I:C) (5 mg/k, i.p.), during early (gestational day (GD) 9-11) and late (GD13-15) gestational time points. Gene expression of schizophrenia candidate pathways were assessed in fetal brain immediately following poly(I:C) exposure and in adulthood to identify its influence on neurodevelopmental processes. Sex and window specific alterations in cognitive performance were found with the early window of MIA exposure causing female-specific disruptions to working memory and reduced perseverative behaviour, while late MIA exposure caused male-specific changes to working memory and deficits in reversal learning. GABAergic specification marker, Nkx2.1 gene expression was reduced in fetal brains and reelin expression was reduced in adult hippocampus of both early and late poly(I:C) exposed mice. Neuregulin and EGF signalling were initially upregulated in the fetal brain, but were reduced in the adult hippocampus, with male mice exposed in the late window showing reduced Nrg3 expression. Serine racemase was reduced in both fetal and adult brain, but again, adult reductions were specific to male mice exposed at the late time point. Overall, we show that cognitive constructs relevant to schizophrenia are altered by in utero exposure to maternal immune activation, but are highly dependent on the timing of infection and the sex of the offspring. Glutamatergic and epidermal growth factor pathways were similarly altered by MIA in a timing and sex dependent manner, while MIA-induced GABAergic deficits were independent of timing or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Bilen M, Xi A, Wong A, Schroeder A, Kim R, Liu F, Peng J, Robinson S, Bhanegaonkar A. 701P Real-world (RW) treatment (Tx) patterns and clinical outcomes in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving first-line (1L) Tx: Results from IMPACT UC. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Andric Z, Gálffy G, Dols MC, Szima B, Stojanovic G, Petrovic M, Font EF, Baz DV, Aix SP, Juan-Vidal O, Tehenes S, Szalai Z, Losonczy G, Blanco AC, Bernabe R, Duecker K, Zhou D, Schroeder A, Guezel G, Ciardiello F. 103P First-line avelumab in combination with cetuximab and chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(21)01945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schroeder A, Van Stavern G, Orlowski HLP, Stunkel L, Parsons MS, Rhea L, Sharma A. Detection of Optic Neuritis on Routine Brain MRI without and with the Assistance of an Image Postprocessing Algorithm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1130-1135. [PMID: 33737263 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE At times, there is a clinical need for using routine brain MR imaging performed close to the time of onset of patients' visual symptoms to firmly establish the diagnosis of optic neuritis. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic performance of radiologists in detecting optic neuritis on routine brain MR images and whether this performance could be enhanced using a postprocessing algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective case-control study of 60 patients (37 women, 23 men; mean age, 47.2 [SD, 17.9] years), 2 blinded neuroradiologists evaluated T2-weighted FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1WI from brain MR imaging for the presence of imaging evidence of optic neuritis. Images were processed using an image-processing algorithm that aimed to selectively accentuate the signal intensity of diseased optic nerves. We assessed the effect of image processing on the contrast-to-noise ratio between the optic nerves and normal-appearing white matter and on the diagnostic performance of the neuroradiologists, including the interobserver reliability. RESULTS The average sensitivity of readers was 55%, 56.5%, and 30.0% on FLAIR, coronal contrast-enhanced T1WI, and axial contrast-enhanced T1WI, respectively. Sensitivities were lower in the absence of fat saturation on FLAIR (P = .001) and coronal contrast-enhanced T1WI (P = .04). Processing increased the contrast-to-noise ratio of diseased (P value range = .03 to <.001) but not of control optic nerves. Processing did not improve the sensitivity but improved the specificity and positive predictive value. Interobserver agreement improved from slight to good. CONCLUSIONS Detection of optic neuritis on routine brain MR imaging is challenging. Specificity, positive predictive value, and interobserver agreement can be improved by postprocessing of MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schroeder
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, (A. Schroeder), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - G Van Stavern
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (G.V.S., L.S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology (G.V.S., L.S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - H L P Orlowski
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (H.L.P.O., M.S.P., A. S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - L Stunkel
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (G.V.S., L.S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology (G.V.S., L.S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M S Parsons
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (H.L.P.O., M.S.P., A. S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - L Rhea
- Department of Biostatistics (L.R.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - A Sharma
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (H.L.P.O., M.S.P., A. S.), Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Hill RA, Kouremenos K, Tull D, Maggi A, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Kulkarni J, Sundram S, Du X. Bazedoxifene - a promising brain active SERM that crosses the blood brain barrier and enhances spatial memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104830. [PMID: 32858306 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years of accumulated evidence has shown that the major female sex hormone 17β-estradiol can enhance cognitive functioning. However, the utility of estradiol as a therapeutic cognitive enhancer is hindered by its unwanted peripheral effects (carcinogenic). Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) avoid the unwanted effects of estradiol by acting as estrogen receptor antagonists in some tissues such as breast and uterus, but as agonists in others such as bone, and are currently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, understanding of their actions in the brain are limited. The third generation SERM bazedoxifene has recently been FDA approved for clinical use with an improved biosafety profile. However, whether bazedoxifene can enter the brain and enhance cognition is unknown. Using mice, the current study aimed to explore if bazedoxifene can 1) cross the blood-brain barrier, 2) rescue ovariectomy-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial memory deficit, and 3) activate neural estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent gene transcription. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we firstly demonstrate that a peripheral injection of bazedoxifene can enter the brain. Secondly, we show that an acute intraperitoneal injection of bazedoxifene can rescue ovariectomy-induced spatial memory deficits. And finally, using the ERE-luciferase reporter mouse, we show in vivo that bazedoxifene can activate the ERE in the brain. The evidence shown here suggest bazedoxifene could be a viable cognitive enhancer with promising clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - K Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - D Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - A Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - J Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, St Kilda, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - X Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Tricard T, Munier P, Schroeder A, Saussine C. Real-life outcomes after artificial urinary sphincter explantation in women suffering from severe stress incontinence. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Mueller-Sarnowski F, Houri L, Sollmann N, Schroeder A, Krieg S, Diehl-Schmid J. P92 Navigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) in the non fluent variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (nfvPPA). Clin Neurophysiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mueller-Sarnowski F, Houri L, Sollmann N, Schroeder A, Krieg S, Diehl-Schmid J. P284 Navigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) in the non fluent variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (nfvPPA). Clin Neurophysiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Banerjee S, Vergotte I, Colombo N, Barve M, Grisham R, Mehr K, Falk M, Beier F, Hennessy M, Schroeder A, Birrer M. Randomized, phase Ib/II study of M6620 + avelumab + carboplatin vs standard care (sc) in patients (pts) with platinum-sensitive poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor-(PARPi)-resistant ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Werlé P, Tricard T, Jochum F, Schroeder A, Gaullier M, Saussine C. [Temporary urethral stents changes as an alternative treatment for neurological bladder]. Prog Urol 2019; 29:560-566. [PMID: 31471265 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with detrusor-sphincter dysynergia (DSD) who are unable to perform self-catheterisation can benefit from an endoscopic treatment. We chose regular urethral stent changes as an alternative to sphincterotomy in this kind of patients. The purpose of this study is to show that temporary urethral stents changes represent a treatment option with a reasonable morbidity for patients with DSD. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients in our center who had been treated with urethral stents from April 2005 to September 2017. The stent changes were performed every 12 to 18 months depending on urethrovesical fibroscopy findings. The primary endpoint was treatment continuation. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were enrolled in our study and the average follow-up duration was 46 months [18.5-53.25]. Primary treatment failure was seen in 14 (32%) patients mainly due to problems related to equipment (n=3) and urinary retention (n=2). Four patients died before their first stent change. The treatment was successful in 30 (68%) patients, of whom 10 (33%) subsequently adopted a voiding mode change. We lost sight of 5 patients (11%) during follow-up. The main complications were urinary retention (29%), urinary tract infections (27%) and stent migration (18%). Fifteen (34%) experienced grade III-IV complications. CONCLUSIONS Regular urethral stent changes represent an alternative treatment option for patients with DSD but with a significant morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Werlé
- Service de chirurgie urologique, NHC hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - T Tricard
- Service de chirurgie urologique, NHC hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Jochum
- Service de chirurgie urologique, NHC hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Schroeder
- Service de chirurgie urologique, NHC hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Gaullier
- Service de chirurgie urologique, NHC hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Saussine
- Service de chirurgie urologique, NHC hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Schroeder A, Samuels M, Swarts M, Morris C, Cupido C, Engelbrecht A. Diet selection and preference of small ruminants during drought conditions in a dryland pastoral system in South Africa. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Honecker F, Wedding U, Kallischnigg G, Schroeder A, Klier J, Frangenheim T, Weißbach L. Vorhersage eines ungeplanten Therapieabbruchs bei Patienten mit kastrationsresistentem Prostatakarzinom – Ergebnisse der IBuTu-Studie. Urologe A 2018; 57:909-918. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-018-0704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Weber P, John R, Konrad K, v. Livonius B, Lorenz B, Ruple B, Stock-Mühlnickel S, Karch D, Schroeder A. Erratum zu: Visuelle Wahrnehmungsstörungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-018-0529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holzhauser L, Arnold K, Schroeder A, Imamura T, Nguyen A, Chung B, Narang N, Costanzo M, Jeevanandam V, Murks C, Riley T, Powers J, Sarswat N, Kalantari S, Raikhelkar J, Sayer G, Kim G, Uriel N, Alenghat F. Circulating Monocyte Subtypes Correlate with Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Differ from Atherosclerotic Disease: A Tool for Monitoring? J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Du X, Serena K, Hwang WJ, Grech A, Wu Y, Schroeder A, Hill R. Prefrontal cortical parvalbumin and somatostatin expression and cell density increase during adolescence and are modified by BDNF and sex. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:177-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Schroeder A. Ambulante spezialfachärztliche Versorgung (ASV; § 116b neu). Urologe A 2017; 56:985-987. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hansen L, Rosenkranz S, Schroeder A, Naugler W. HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS’ PERSPECTIVES OF CARING FOR PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Hansen
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - S. Rosenkranz
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - A. Schroeder
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - W. Naugler
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Ansite J, Balamurugan AN, Barbaro B, Battle J, Brandhorst D, Cano J, Chen X, Deng S, Feddersen D, Friberg A, Gilmore T, Goldstein JS, Holbrook E, Khan A, Kin T, Lei J, Linetsky E, Liu C, Luo X, McElvaney K, Min Z, Moreno J, O'Gorman D, Papas KK, Putz G, Ricordi C, Szot G, Templeton T, Wang L, Wilhelm JJ, Willits J, Wilson T, Zhang X, Avila J, Begley B, Cano J, Carpentier S, Holbrook E, Hutchinson J, Larsen CP, Moreno J, Sears M, Turgeon NA, Webster D, Deng S, Lei J, Markmann JF, Bridges ND, Czarniecki CW, Goldstein JS, Putz G, Templeton T, Wilson T, Eggerman TL, Al-Saden P, Battle J, Chen X, Hecyk A, Kissler H, Luo X, Molitch M, Monson N, Stuart E, Wallia A, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang X, Bigam D, Campbell P, Dinyari P, Kin T, Kneteman N, Lyon J, Malcolm A, O'Gorman D, Onderka C, Owen R, Pawlick R, Richer B, Rosichuk S, Sarman D, Schroeder A, Senior PA, Shapiro AMJ, Toth L, Toth V, Zhai W, Johnson K, McElroy J, Posselt AM, Ramos M, Rojas T, Stock PG, Szot G, Barbaro B, Martellotto J, Oberholzer J, Qi M, Wang Y, Bayman L, Chaloner K, Clarke W, Dillon JS, Diltz C, Doelle GC, Ecklund D, Feddersen D, Foster E, Hunsicker LG, Jasperson C, Lafontant DE, McElvaney K, Neill-Hudson T, Nollen D, Qidwai J, Riss H, Schwieger T, Willits J, Yankey J, Alejandro R, Corrales AC, Faradji R, Froud T, Garcia AA, Herrada E, Ichii H, Inverardi L, Kenyon N, Khan A, Linetsky E, Montelongo J, Peixoto E, Peterson K, Ricordi C, Szust J, Wang X, Abdulla MH, Ansite J, Balamurugan AN, Bellin MD, Brandenburg M, Gilmore T, Harmon JV, Hering BJ, Kandaswamy R, Loganathan G, Mueller K, Papas KK, Pedersen J, Wilhelm JJ, Witson J, Dalton-Bakes C, Fu H, Kamoun M, Kearns J, Li Y, Liu C, Luning-Prak E, Luo Y, Markmann E, Min Z, Naji A, Palanjian M, Rickels M, Shlansky-Goldberg R, Vivek K, Ziaie AS, Fernandez L, Kaufman DB, Zitur L, Brandhorst D, Friberg A, Korsgren O. Purified Human Pancreatic Islets, CIT Culture Media with Lisofylline or Exenatide. CellR4 Repair Replace Regen Reprogram 2017; 5:e2377. [PMID: 30613755 PMCID: PMC6319648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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22
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Zhan J, Wiler J, Jones C, Schroeder A, Favaro C, McLean R, Harpin S, Capp R. 137 Frequent Emergency Department Users: Describing Care Coordination Services. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sturm M, Becker A, Schroeder A, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Zimmer A. Effect of chronic corticosterone application on depression-like behavior in C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2015; 14:292-300. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sturm
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - A. Becker
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - A. Schroeder
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - A. Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - A. Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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Ekman DR, Skelton DM, Davis JM, Villeneuve DL, Cavallin JE, Schroeder A, Jensen KM, Ankley GT, Collette TW. Metabolite profiling of fish skin mucus: a novel approach for minimally-invasive environmental exposure monitoring and surveillance. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:3091-3100. [PMID: 25607249 DOI: 10.1021/es505054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of 'omics tools to biologically based monitoring and surveillance of aquatic environments shows considerable promise for complementing chemical monitoring in ecological risk assessments. However, few of the current approaches offer the ability to sample ecologically relevant species (e.g., fish) in a way that produces minimal impact on the health of the organism(s) under study. In the current study we employ liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess the potential for skin mucus-based metabolomics for minimally invasive sampling of the fathead minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas). Using this approach we were able to detect 204 distinct metabolites in the FHM skin mucus metabolome representing a large number of metabolite classes. An analysis of the sex specificity of the skin mucus metabolome showed it to be highly sexually dimorphic with 72 of the detected metabolites showing a statistically significant bias with regard to sex. Finally, in a proof-of-concept fashion we report on the use of skin mucus-based metabolomics to assess exposures in male and female fathead minnows to an environmentally relevant concentration of bisphenol A, a nearly ubiquitous environmental contaminant and an established endocrine active chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Ekman
- Ecosystems Research Division, U. S. EPA , 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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Tabano DC, Schroeder A, Sullivan K, Vaidya N. Impact of Assisted Reproductive Therapy (Art) On Infant Health and Health Care Cost Outcomes. Value Health 2014; 17:A520. [PMID: 27201623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D C Tabano
- University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Schroeder
- University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Sullivan
- University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - N Vaidya
- University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ex P, Schroeder A. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit selektiver Vertragsmöglichkeiten. Urologe A 2014; 53:1158-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ex P, Schroeder A. Neue Kooperation zwischen BDU und Industrie begründet. Urologe A 2013; 52:1065-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schroeder A, Stöckle M. Perspektiven zur Entwicklung der deutschen Urologie. Urologe A 2013; 52:1055-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Michel M, Schroeder A, Hakenberg O. Entwicklung und Ziele der Akademie der Deutschen Urologen. Urologe A 2013; 52:1061-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schroeder A, Hakenberg O. Zusammenarbeit von Berufsverband und Fachgesellschaft. Urologe A 2013; 52:1057-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ludin A, Sela JJ, Schroeder A, Samuni Y, Nitzan DW, Amir G. Injection of vascular endothelial growth factor into knee joints induces osteoarthritis in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:491-7. [PMID: 23257244 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder affecting circa 2% of the population. OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could play a role in the chain of events leading to OA. METHODS In the present study, healthy mice were injected intra-articularly with VEGF. RESULTS Shortly after the administration of VEGF, synovial hyperplasia, increased calcification of the articular cartilage and bone sclerosis were observed. Consequently, cartilage degradation characteristic of OA was found. These changes were seen to a lesser degree in the opposite knees of VEGF-injected mice and did not occur in the control mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an active role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of OA and render support to a possible role for subchondral bone sclerosis in the pathogenesis of cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Schroeder A, Müller S. Berufsbild und Sektorengrenzen im Wandel. Urologe A 2012; 51:1063-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-2933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hakenberg OW, Schroeder A, Gschwend J, Müller B, Köhrmann KU, Göckel-Beining B, Fichtner J, Krege S, Steffens J. [Position paper on urological oncology. Joint statement of the German Society for Urology, the Professional Association of German Urologists and the Working Group Urological Oncology of the German Cancer Society]. Urologe A 2012; 50 Suppl 1:165-9. [PMID: 21863407 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-011-2694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kin T, O'Gorman D, Schroeder A, Onderka C, Richer B, Rosichuk S, Zhai X, Shapiro AMJ. Human islet distribution program for basic research at a single center. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:3195-7. [PMID: 22099755 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Clinical Islet Laboratory at the University of Alberta/Alberta Health Services distributes human islets for basic research when islet preparations fail to meet defined release criteria for transplantation. This report highlights our islet distribution activity for diabetes research over a 3-year period. Shipments of the acinar-enriched fraction for research were not included in this report. In 2010, we distributed 6.3 million islet equivalents (IEQs) of islets through 127 shipments to 8 researchers, locally, nationally, and internationally. The number of preparations for research use was stable over the 3-year period (26, 23, and 29 preparations in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively). Islet yield distributed for research per isolation was 201, 212, and 218 × 10(3) IEQs, respectively. The number of basic researchers was stable as well, although there were only 2 researchers before 2007. Recently, each researcher has received fewer islets per shipment (49,820 IEQs in 2010 vs 75,635 IEQs in 2008) but more frequently (21.5 in 2010 vs 11.2 times per year in 2008). This paradigm shift would be desirable for researchers, because in our experience, most require <30,000 IEQs per shipment, and more frequent islet shipments results in a larger sample size for experimentation. After an initial expansion in the number of researchers requesting islets, our islet distribution activity has remained stable over the years in terms of total productivity of islets utilized for research. The current supply-versus-demand ratio in our program appears to be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Rhen T, Schroeder A, Sakata JT, Huang V, Crews D. Segregating variation for temperature-dependent sex determination in a lizard. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 106:649-60. [PMID: 20700140 PMCID: PMC2980574 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) was first reported in 1966 in an African lizard. It has since been shown that TSD occurs in some fish, several lizards, tuataras, numerous turtles and all crocodilians. Extreme temperatures can also cause sex reversal in several amphibians and lizards with genotypic sex determination. Research in TSD species indicates that estrogen signaling is important for ovary development and that orthologs of mammalian genes have a function in gonad differentiation. Nevertheless, the mechanism that actually transduces temperature into a biological signal for ovary versus testis development is not known in any species. Classical genetics could be used to identify the loci underlying TSD, but only if there is segregating variation for TSD. Here, we use the 'animal model' to analyze inheritance of sexual phenotype in a 13-generation pedigree of captive leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius, a TSD reptile. We directly show genetic variance and genotype-by-temperature interactions for sex determination. Additive genetic variation was significant at a temperature that produces a female-biased sex ratio (30°C), but not at a temperature that produces a male-biased sex ratio (32.5°C). Conversely, dominance variance was significant at the male-biased temperature (32.5°C), but not at the female-biased temperature (30°C). Non-genetic maternal effects on sex determination were negligible in comparison with additive genetic variance, dominance variance and the primary effect of temperature. These data show for the first time that there is segregating variation for TSD in a reptile and consequently that a quantitative trait locus analysis would be practicable for identifying the genes underlying TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rhen
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Rossol-Haseroth K, Eckes L, Schroeder A. [Persistence and adherence: Comparison between the five classes diuretics, beta-blocker, calcium channel blockers, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers as the first line in antihypertensive therapy]. MMW Fortschr Med 2011; 153 Suppl 1:21-25. [PMID: 21591327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Lee DH, Metz I, Berthele A, Stadelmann C, Brück W, Linker RA, Gold R, Schroeder A. Supraspinal demyelinating lesions in neuromyelitis optica display a typical astrocyte pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011; 36:685-7. [PMID: 20618839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Venkatesan T, Prieto T, Barboi A, Li B, Schroeder A, Hogan W, Ananthakrishnan A, Jaradeh S. Autonomic nerve function in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome: a prospective study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:1303-7, e339. [PMID: 20667005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense vomiting. There are several postulated mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and one potential explanation for this disorder may be linked to autonomic dysfunction. The aim of our study was to evaluate autonomic nerve function in patients with CVS prospectively. METHODS We tested the sympathetic nervous system through postural changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure and the thermoregulatory sweat test. The parasympathetic nervous system was tested through the HR response to deep breathing (R-R variability on EKG). KEY RESULTS A total of 20 patients who met Rome III criteria for CVS, 14 (70%) women and 6 (30%) men, and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. A total of 17 (85%) CVS subjects and 2 (10%) controls had abnormalities on thermoregulatory sweat testing (P < 0.001). A total of 7 (35%) patients and one control subject had evidence of postural tachycardia (P = 0.04) with an increase in HR > 30 on standing. Of the subjects, 18 (90%) had either abnormal sudomotor function or postural tachycardia or both. The HR response to deep breathing was normal in 19 (95%) subjects with CVS and 18 (95%) controls. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The results of this study suggest that the majority of subjects (90%) with CVS have impairment of the sympathetic nervous system with postural tachycardia and/or sudomotor dysfunction while parasympathetic nerve function appears to be intact. These findings of dysautonomia in CVS have implications in both the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Schroeder A, Peterson MA. Do synesthetes excel under object-substitution masking? Type of attention matters. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lussi A, Schroeder A, Hotz P, Stich H, Lussi A. Cleansing And Obturation Of The Root Canal System Without Conventional Instrumentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.1997.tb00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Charles Darwin first provided a lucid explanation of how gender differences evolve nearly 140 years ago. Yet, a disconnect remains between his theory of sexual selection and the mechanisms that underlie the development of males and females. In particular, comparisons between representatives of different phyla (i.e., flies and mice) reveal distinct genetic mechanisms for sexual differentiation. Such differences are hard to comprehend unless we study organisms that bridge the phylogenetic gap. Analysis of variation within monophyletic groups (i.e., amniotes) is just as important if we hope to elucidate the evolution of mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation. Here we review the molecular, cellular, morphological, and physiological changes associated with sex determination in reptiles. Most research on the molecular biology of sex determination in reptiles describes expression patterns for orthologs of mammalian sex-determining genes. Many of these genes have evolutionarily conserved expression profiles (i.e., DMRT1 and SOX9 are expressed at a higher level in developing testes vs. developing ovaries in all species), which suggests functional conservation. However, expression profiling alone does not test gene function and will not identify novel sex-determining genes or gene interactions. For that reason, we provide a prospectus on various techniques that promise to reveal new sex-determining genes and regulatory interactions among these genes. We offer specific examples of novel candidate genes and a new signaling pathway in support of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Rhen
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. Dak., USA
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific gene-silencing mechanism triggered by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The application of RNAi in the clinic requires the development of safe and effective delivery systems. Inspired by progress with lipid-based systems in drug delivery, efforts have been dedicated to the development of liposomal siRNA delivery systems. Many of the lipid-based delivery vehicles self-assemble with siRNA through electrostatic interactions with charged amines, generating multi-lamellar lipoplexes with positively charged lipid bilayers separated from one another by sheets of negatively charged siRNA strands. Internalization of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems into cells typically occurs through endocytosis; accordingly, delivery requires materials that can facilitate endosomal escape. The size of the carrier is important as carriers <100 nm in diameter have been reported to have higher accumulation levels in tumours, hepatocytes and inflamed tissue, whereas larger particles tend to be taken up by Kupffer cells or other components of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). To reduce RES uptake and increase circulation time, carriers have been modified on the surface with hydrophilic materials, such as polyethyleneglycol. Herein, we review the molecular and structural parameters of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Schroeder A, Kumar R, Pongracic JA, Sullivan CL, Caruso DM, Costello J, Meyer KE, Vucic Y, Gupta R, Kim JS, Fuleihan R, Wang X. Food allergy is associated with an increased risk of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:261-70. [PMID: 19187334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atopic march is well documented, but the interrelationship of food allergy (FA) and asthma is not well understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the strength of the association and temporal relationships between FA and asthma. METHODS This analysis included 271 children >or=6 years (older group) and 296 children <6 years (younger group) from a family-based FA cohort in Chicago, IL. Asthma was determined by parental report of physician diagnosis. FA status was determined based on the type and timing of clinical symptoms after ingestion of a specific food, and results of prick skin test (Multi-Test II) and allergen-specific IgE (Phadia ImmunoCAP). Analyses were carried out using logistic regression accounting for important covariates and auto-correlations among siblings. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the time to onset of asthma with the FA status. RESULTS Symptomatic FA was associated with asthma in both older [odds ratio (OR)=4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5-9.5] and younger children (OR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.7-16.2). The association was stronger among children with multiple or severe food allergies, especially in older children. Children with FA developed asthma earlier and at higher prevalence than children without FA (Cox proportional hazard ratio=3.7, 95% CI: 2.2-6.3 for children >or=6 years, and hazard ratio=3.3, 95% CI: 1.1-10 for children <6 years of age). No associations were seen between asymptomatic food sensitization and asthma. CONCLUSIONS Independent of markers of atopy such as aeroallergen sensitization and family history of asthma, there was a significant association between FA and asthma. This association was even stronger in subjects with multiple food allergies or severe FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schroeder
- The Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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Mundt C, Schroeder A, Backenstrass M. Altruism versus self-centredness in the personality of depressives in the 1950s and 1990s. J Affect Disord 2009; 113:157-64. [PMID: 18486236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in personality features of patients with major depression has emphasised their tendency to set high standards for themselves. Two directions of acting on high standards have been differentiated which can be summarised as altruistic and self-centred attitudes. Typus melancholicus and narcissistic personality features are representative for them. Since both types of features are age correlated, the question had to be settled whether this reflects an individual process of social adaptation or an epochal change of values. METHODS The study is based on a representative sample of case records of first episode depressives. Two cohorts of the 1950s and two of the 1990s were sampled. In both decades, one cohorts' age of onset was below 40 whereas the other cohorts' age of onset was over 40. Each cohort comprised 20 patients, yielding a total sample of 81 patients. The information from the records was prepared and evaluated in a two step procedure according to v. Zerssen. RESULTS Increase of altruism and decrease of self-centredness with advancing age could be confirmed. There is a weak to moderate epochal decline of altruistic attitudes only in the older cohorts and a marked increase of self-centred attitudes in both, the young and the old cohorts. LIMITATIONS The assessment of depression diagnosis and personality types by means of case records in a retrospective design could limit the reliability and validity of the measured concepts. In addition, items regarding narcissistic features were not validated in other samples. CONCLUSION Both, the age effect and the epochal effect show that such aspects should be born in mind for the psychotherapeutic treatment of depressive patients. This is especially important since basic personality attitudes contribute to the etiology of depression, partly conveyed by societal values, partly by requirements of life-spans in the individual life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Mundt
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schroeder A, Arguelles L, Kumar R, Gupta R, Caruso D, Meyer K, Rowland B, Frankis E, Costello J, Pongracic J. Associations between Early-life Infections, Antibiotic Use, and Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tsai HJ, Kumar R, Pongracic J, Liu X, Story R, Yu Y, Caruso D, Costello J, Schroeder A, Fang Y, Demirtas H, Meyer KE, O'Gorman MRG, Wang X. Familial aggregation of food allergy and sensitization to food allergens: a family-based study. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 39:101-9. [PMID: 19016802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of food allergy (FA) is a growing clinical and public health problem. The contribution of genetic factors to FA remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examined the pattern of familial aggregation and the degree to which genetic factors contribute to FA and sensitization to food allergens. METHODS This study included 581 nuclear families (2,004 subjects) as part of an ongoing FA study in Chicago, IL, USA. FA was defined by a set of criteria including timing, clinical symptoms obtained via standardized questionnaire interview and corroborative specific IgE cut-offs for > or =95% positive predictive value (PPV) for food allergens measured by Phadia ImmunoCAP. Familial aggregation of FA as well as sensitization to food allergens was examined using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, with adjustment for important covariates including age, gender, ethnicity and birth order. Heritability was estimated for food-specific IgE measurements. RESULTS FA in the index child was a significant and independent predictor of FA in other siblings (OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.6, P=0.01). There were significant and positive associations among family members (father-offspring, mother-offspring, index-other siblings) for total IgE and specific IgE to all the nine major food allergens tested in this sample (sesame, peanut, wheat, milk, egg white, soy, walnut, shrimp and cod fish). The estimated heritability of food-specific IgE ranged from 0.15 to 0.35 and was statistically significant for all the nine tested food allergens. CONCLUSION This family-based study demonstrates strong familial aggregation of FA and sensitization to food allergens, especially, among siblings. The heritability estimates indicate that food-specific IgE is likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Together, this study provides strong evidence that both host genetic susceptibility and environmental factors determine the complex trait of IgE-mediated FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Tsai
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Rhen T, Metzger K, Schroeder A, Woodward R. Expression of putative sex-determining genes during the thermosensitive period of gonad development in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Sex Dev 2008; 1:255-70. [PMID: 18391536 DOI: 10.1159/000104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modes of sex determination are quite variable in vertebrates. The developmental decision to form a testis or an ovary can be influenced by one gene, several genes, environmental variables, or a combination of these factors. Nevertheless, certain morphogenetic aspects of sex determination appear to be conserved in amniotes. Here we clone fragments of nine candidate sex-determining genes from the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). We then analyze expression of these genes during the thermosensitive period of gonad development. In particular, we compare gene expression profiles in gonads from embryos incubated at a male-producing temperature to those from embryos at a female-producing temperature. Expression of Dmrt1 and Sox9 mRNA increased gradually at the male-producing temperature, but was suppressed at the female-producing temperature. This finding suggests that Dmrt1 and Sox9 play a role in testis development. In contrast, expression of aromatase, androgen receptor (Ar), and Foxl2 mRNA was constant at the male-producing temperature, but increased several-fold in embryos at the female-producing temperature. Aromatase, Ar, and Foxl2 may therefore play a role in ovary development. In addition, there was a small temperature effect on ER alpha expression with lower mRNA levels found in embryos at the female-producing temperature. Finally, Dax1, Fgf9, and SF-1 were not differentially expressed during the sex-determining period, suggesting these genes are not involved in sex determination in the snapping turtle. Comparison of gene expression profiles among amniotes indicates that Dmrt1 and Sox9 are part of a core testis-determining pathway and that Ar, aromatase, ER alpha, and Foxl2 are part of a core ovary-determining pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rhen
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. Dak. 58202, USA.
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Wang LM, Schroeder A, Loh D, Smith D, Lin K, Han JH, Michel S, Hummer DL, Ehlen JC, Albers HE, Colwell CS. Role for the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in mediating light input to the circadian system. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:1771-9. [PMID: 18380671 PMCID: PMC2586987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Light information reaches the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) through a subpopulation of retinal ganglion cells that utilize glutamate as a neurotransmitter. A variety of evidence suggests that the release of glutamate then activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors within the SCN and triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to phase shifts in the circadian system. In this study, we first sought to explore the role of the NR2B subunit in mediating the effects of light on the circadian system of hamsters and mice. We found that localized microinjection of the NR2B subunit antagonist ifenprodil into the SCN region reduces the magnitude of light-induced phase shifts of the circadian rhythm in wheel-running activity. Next, we found that the NR2B message and levels of phospho-NR2B vary with time of day in SCN tissue using semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Functionally, we found that blocking the NR2B subunit with ifenprodil significantly reduced the magnitude of NMDA currents recorded in SCN neurons. Ifenprodil also significantly reduced the magnitude of NMDA-induced Ca2+ changes in SCN cells. Together, these results demonstrate that the NR2B subunit is an important component of NMDA receptor-mediated responses within SCN neurons and that this subunit contributes to light-induced phase shifts of the mammalian circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA
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Schroeder A. [Secondary prevention after urological cancers. What are the pertinent facts about aftercare?]. Urologe A 2007; 46:642-5. [PMID: 17447048 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Secondary prevention and aftercare of urological cancers are an essential part of outpatient care provided by the urologist in private practice. More than one-half of the patients who are confronted with the diagnosis of cancer turn to so-called unconventional treatment procedures. The difficulties for those affected and caregivers lie in equal measure in distinguishing between sensible and less advisable or even counterproductive treatment options. Fixed plans of action for aftercare do not do justice to the exigencies of individualized care of cancer patients in private practice, especially with respect to longer survival. Early detection of local recurrence and metastases and the management of complications are determined by the individual disease course and have to be measured against the improvement in quality of life. Secondary preventive measures in the sense of complementary medicine can be helpful. Current evidence is quite promising only for prostate cancer and is of some importance in urological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schroeder
- Facharzt für Urologie & ambulantes Operieren, Haart 87-89, 24534 Neumünster, Germany.
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Caruso D, Ouyang F, Pongracic J, Kumar R, Schroeder A, Costello J, Wang X. Prevalence of Sensitization to Food Allergens Among Food Allergy Index and Control Families. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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