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Yen A, Zhong X, Lin MH, Nwachukwu C, Albuquerque K, Hrycushko B. Improved Dosimetry with Daily Online Adaptive Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer: Waltzing the Pear. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:165-172. [PMID: 38246849 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Standard of care radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer includes large margins to ensure the uterocervix remains within the treatment fields over the course of treatment. Daily online cone-beam adaptive radiotherapy corrects for interfractional changes by adjusting the plan to match the target position during each treatment session, thus allowing for significantly reduced clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins. We hypothesise that reduced margins from daily online adaptive radiotherapy will reduce organ at risk dose without compromising target coverage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients with cervical cancer (stage IIB-IIIC2) were treated with definitive chemoradiation using daily online cone-beam adaptive radiotherapy in 25-27 fractions. Initial and all adapted treatment plans were generated with CTV to PTV margins versus standard of care image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) plans as follows: cervix/uterus/gross tumour volume (0.5 versus 1.5 cm), parametria/vagina (0.5 versus 1.0 cm) and nodal chains and gross nodes (0.5 versus 0.5 cm). IGRT plans were created and copied to synthetic computed tomography scans and contours generated from each daily adapted fraction. The dosimetry of each clinically treated online adapted fraction was compared with emulated IGRT plans. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS Daily online cone-beam adaptive radiotherapy significantly improves bowel bag dosimetry compared with IGRT, with a reduction in V40 by an average of 91.3 cm3 [V40 (-6.2%) and V45 (-6.1%)]. The daily adapted plans showed significant improvements in bladder and rectum [V40 (-25.2% and -36.0%) and V30 (-9.7% and -17.1%), respectively]. Additionally, bone marrow had a significantly reduced dose [V10 (-2.7%) and V20 (-3.3%)]. Daily online cone-beam adaptive radiotherapy improved uterocervix CTV coverage and reduced hotspots compared with IGRT [D95% (+1.6%) and Dmax (-0.9%)]. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CTV to PTV margins achievable with daily online adaptive radiotherapy improves organ at risk dosimetry and target coverage when compared with standard of care IGRT for locally advanced cervical cancer. The clinical impact of improved dosimetry is currently undergoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - X Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - M-H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - C Nwachukwu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - K Albuquerque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - B Hrycushko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Song T, Miljanic M, Yen A, Kwon J, Christie A, Garant A, Aguilera TA, Brugarolas J, Timmerman RD, Hannan R. Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Glandular Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e439. [PMID: 37785425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Glandular metastases including pancreatic and adrenal sites of disease are associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of indolent biology. Adrenal and pancreatic metastases may develop in isolation or involve other organs and are associated with prolonged survival. Glandular metastases can be treated with systemic therapy, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAbR) or surgical resection and the optimal management of these patients is unknown. There is paucity of data on SAbR for RCC glandular metastases. We hypothesize that ablative doses of radiation therapy utilizing SAbR are associated with high rates of local control greater than 90%, with minimal or no acute grade 3 toxicities or higher with this approach. Here, we report local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) rates as well as toxicities related to SAbR for RCC metastases to the pancreatic and adrenal glands. MATERIALS/METHODS This IRB-approved, single-institution, retrospective study included patients with RCC metastases to the adrenal glands and pancreas treated with SAbR. Data on patient demographics, functional status, tumor characteristics, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk category, local and systemic treatments, toxicities, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. RECIST 1.1 principals were utilized to determine LC rates and PFS. PFS was determined from the initiation of SAbR to progression (at SAbR-treated or other sites), or death. OS was defined from the start of SAbR to death. Two independent reviewers assessed these measures and analyzed patient electronic health records for toxicities using CTCAE v5 and relatedness scores. RESULTS A total of 50 RCC patients were included in this study with 36 adrenal and 20 pancreatic metastases treated with SAbR. Median dose fractionation used was 40 Gray delivered in 5 fractions. Sixteen patients (32%) were treatment naïve with oligometastatic disease, and thirty-four (68%) were oligo-progressive on systemic therapy with 1-3 prior lines of systemic therapy. For treated adrenal metastatic lesions at 1 year, patients demonstrated a 75.3% OS, 46.7% PFS, and LC of 93.3%. For treated pancreatic metastatic lesions at 1 year, patients demonstrated a 100% OS, 48.6% PFS, and LC of 100%. At 1 year, there was an OS of 82.2%, PFS of 48.2%, and LC of 95.9 % in the combined cohort. The percentage of patients experiencing an acute grade 2 or 3 toxicity attributed to adrenal or pancreatic gland SAbR was 7.4%. There were no acute grade >3 toxicities. The percentage of patients experiencing a late grade 2 or 3 toxicity was 9.3%. Median time to late adverse events was 37.4 months. CONCLUSION SAbR of RCC metastases to the pancreas and adrenal glands is feasible, safe and appears to be effective. Median PFS and OS in this cohort compared favorably to those reported in historical cohorts and is consistent with indolent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Song
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - M Miljanic
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A Yen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - J Kwon
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A Christie
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A Garant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - T A Aguilera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - J Brugarolas
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - R D Timmerman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - R Hannan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Yen A, Zhong X, Lin MH, Nwachukwu CR, Albuquerque KV, Hrycushko BA. Enough and Some to Spare: Improved OAR Sparing with Daily Online Cone Beam Adaptive Radiation Therapy (OnC-ART) of the Cervix. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e742-e743. [PMID: 37786154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The standard of care treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer involves pelvic chemoradiation. During treatment planning, the cervix and uterus contours are expanded by 1.5 to 2 cm margins to account for inter- and intrafractional motion per the consensus guidelines. Daily online cone-beam adaptive radiation therapy (OnC-ART) accounts for interfractional motion, thus significantly reducing CTV to PTV margins. In this study, we compared the dosimetry of standard larger margin plans (IGRT) to 0.5 cm margins for patients treated with daily OnC-ART and hypothesized that daily OnC-ART with reduced margins will have improved dosimetry. MATERIALS/METHODS A retrospective cohort of 10 patients with cervical cancer (stage IIB - IIIC2) treated with 260 definitive daily fractions of OnC-ART chemoradiation between April 2021 and December 2022 was included. Initial plans were generated with OnC-ART and IGRT CTV to PTV margins as follows: combined cervix, uterus, and GTV (0.5 cm vs. 1.5 cm), combined parametria and vagina (0.5 cm vs. 1 cm), nodal chains (0.5 cm vs. 0.5 cm), and gross nodes (0.5 cm vs. 0.5 cm). The initial IGRT plan was copied to synthetic CTs generated for each fraction in the adaptive workflow containing the daily contours of all targets and OARs. The dosimetry of each IGRT fraction was compared to the dose delivered from each daily OnC-ART fraction. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS When compared with dosimetry from daily IGRT, the daily OnC-ART plans had significantly improved CTV coverage and less hotspots with improvements in D95% (+1.6%), D99% (+2.9%), and Dmax (-0.9%). Bowel bag and bowel loops showed significant improvements in Dmax (-1.4% and - 2.6%), V40 (-6.2% and -5.3%), and V45 (-6.1% and 5.5%). The daily OnC-ART plans had a mean bowel bag V40 of 177.4 cm3. Contrastingly, the mean bowel bag V40 for the large margin IGRT plans was 268.7 cm3. The bladder and rectum also showed significant improvements in Dmax (-1.7% and -1.6%), V40 (-25.2% and -36.0%), and V30 (-9.7% and -17.1%). The daily OnC-ART plans had a mean bladder and rectum V40 of 41.6 cm3 and 18.4 cm3, and the large margin IGRT plans had a mean bladder and rectum V40 of 65.1 cm3 and 40.8 cm3. Bone marrow had a significantly reduced dose with improvements in Dmean (-3.2%), V10 (-2.7%), and V20 (-3.3%). CONCLUSION Reduced CTV to PTV margins achievable with daily OnC-ART is shown to not only improve sparing of critical OARs, especially the bladder and rectum, but also improves target coverage compared to larger margins from daily IGRT. The clinical impact of these dosimetric improvements is currently undergoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - X Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - M H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - C R Nwachukwu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - K V Albuquerque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - B A Hrycushko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Yen A, Morgan H, Wang K, Albuquerque K, Wang J. Interpretable Machine Learning Model Supported by Parallel Ensemble Learning to Predict Local Recurrence for Patients with Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yen A, Chen L, Jeng Y. Evaluating the effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Taoyuan city on adult population. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pneumococcus is one of the major threat for senior citizens health worldwide. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) were gradually commenced in the national pediatric immunization programme in Taiwan since 2005 and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) was granted adult indication since 2015. However, in a most-recent nationwide long-term surveillance, the PCV13 serotypes have shifted to being dominated types in that of > = 65 years-old seniors. This study aims to evaluate the PCV13-introduction effectiveness based on a selected test city. Data of the national health insurance research database (NHIRD) between 2013 and 2018 were retrieved to collect data on yearly medical use of citizen aged 65-66 years and were linked to the death registry database for death-ascertainment. Compared to females, males had more hospitalization due to IPD (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04-1.79) and due to pneumonia (1.69, 1.34-2.14). The introduction of PCV13 free-vaccination was associated with significant reductions of hospitalization by 40% for IPD (0.6, 0.51-0.71) and 36% for pneumonia (0.64, 0.58-0.7) in females. However, the effects were not significant in both sex combined and in males. As far as mortality is concerned, the introduction of the PCV13 free-vaccination had 33% lower risk of all cause death with IPD claimed within one month of death (0.67, 0.49-0.91) and for pneumonia (0.77, 0.60-0.99). This was also observed in both sex combined (0.82, 0.68-0.98) for IPD, but not for pneumonia, or for both events in males. In conclusion, the policy of PCV13 vaccination for seniors aged 65 years was associated with all-cause mortality with IPD or pneumonia claims one month before death. The evidence was stronger in females than in males. The effectiveness for the associated reduced hospitalization has been demonstrated in females. Further analysis with individual vaccination history and extended years is needed. Funding: The current study was funded by Pfizer Limited (Taiwan).
Key messages
The pneumococcal serotype shift has been found in elderly from PPV-23 vaccine-type to PCV vaccine-type and hence the preparedness of PCV13-introduction for elderly immunization programme is necessary. The findings of this pilot study included the effectiveness of PCV13-introduction in seniors aged 65 years and some implications to subgroup analyses needed for preparing a nationwide implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yen
- School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Chen
- School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Jeng
- School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Johns C, Yen A, Liu Y, Rahimi A, Alluri P, Spangler A, Kim D. Aspirin Use is Associated with Improvement in Overall Survival and Recurrence Free Survival in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hetts SW, Yen A, Cooke DL, Nelson J, Jolivalt P, Banaga J, Amans MR, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Kim H, Halbach VV. Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:2315-2320. [PMID: 28970244 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are principally supplied by dural branches of the external carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries, they can also be fed by pial arteries that supply the brain. We sought to determine the frequency of neurologic deficits following treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with and without pial artery supply. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent treatment for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas at our hospital from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data were examined for posttreatment neurologic deficits; patients with such deficits were evaluated for imaging evidence of cerebral infarction. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 122 treated patients, 29 (23.8%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial artery supply and 93 (76.2%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas without pial arterial supply. Of patients with pial artery supply, 4 (13.8%) had posttreatment neurologic deficits, compared with 2 patients (2.2%) without pial artery supply (P = .04). Imaging confirmed that 3 patients with pial artery supply (10.3%) had cerebral infarcts, compared with only 1 patient without pial artery supply (1.1%, P = .03). Increasing patient age was also positively associated with pial supply and treatment-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas supplied by the pial arteries were more likely to experience posttreatment complications, including ischemic strokes, than patients with no pial artery supply. The approach to dural arteriovenous fistula treatment should be made on a case-by-case basis so that the risk of complications can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Hetts
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)
| | - A Yen
- School of Medicine (A.Y., J.B.)
| | - D L Cooke
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)
| | - J Nelson
- Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)
| | - P Jolivalt
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.).,Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)
| | | | - M R Amans
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)
| | - C F Dowd
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.).,Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.).,Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.).,Neurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - R T Higashida
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.).,Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.).,Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.).,Neurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M T Lawton
- Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)
| | - H Kim
- Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)
| | - V V Halbach
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.).,Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.).,Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.).,Neurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Friesen C, Vukovich R, Yen A, Kistler B, Wilson R. Health and Nutrition-Related Characteristics of Faculty and Staff Who Received Services at the Nutrition Assessment Laboratory: Part of Ball State University's “Working Well” Worksite Wellness Program. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grotzinger JP, Sumner DY, Kah LC, Stack K, Gupta S, Edgar L, Rubin D, Lewis K, Schieber J, Mangold N, Milliken R, Conrad PG, DesMarais D, Farmer J, Siebach K, Calef F, Hurowitz J, McLennan SM, Ming D, Vaniman D, Crisp J, Vasavada A, Edgett KS, Malin M, Blake D, Gellert R, Mahaffy P, Wiens RC, Maurice S, Grant JA, Wilson S, Anderson RC, Beegle L, Arvidson R, Hallet B, Sletten RS, Rice M, Bell J, Griffes J, Ehlmann B, Anderson RB, Bristow TF, Dietrich WE, Dromart G, Eigenbrode J, Fraeman A, Hardgrove C, Herkenhoff K, Jandura L, Kocurek G, Lee S, Leshin LA, Leveille R, Limonadi D, Maki J, McCloskey S, Meyer M, Minitti M, Newsom H, Oehler D, Okon A, Palucis M, Parker T, Rowland S, Schmidt M, Squyres S, Steele A, Stolper E, Summons R, Treiman A, Williams R, Yingst A, Team MS, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Cremers D, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Li S, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Farley K, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Bish D, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Szopa C, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, Francois P, Raulin F, Teinturier S, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Fay D, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Harpold D, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Trainer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Aubrey A, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Christensen L, DeFlores L, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Webster CR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Vicenzi E, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Kortmann O, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Owen T, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Franz H, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Atreya S, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Wong M, Pepin R, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science 2013; 343:1242777. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Leshin LA, Mahaffy PR, Webster CR, Cabane M, Coll P, Conrad PG, Archer PD, Atreya SK, Brunner AE, Buch A, Eigenbrode JL, Flesch GJ, Franz HB, Freissinet C, Glavin DP, McAdam AC, Miller KE, Ming DW, Morris RV, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Niles PB, Owen T, Pepin RO, Squyres S, Steele A, Stern JC, Summons RE, Sumner DY, Sutter B, Szopa C, Teinturier S, Trainer MG, Wray JJ, Grotzinger JP, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Minitti M, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Schmidt M, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Stolper E, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Maurice S, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Coscia D, Israel G, Dromart G, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Stalport F, Francois P, Raulin F, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Wiens RC, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Treiman A, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Floyd M, Garvin J, Harpold D, Jones A, Martin DK, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Tan F, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp JA, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada AR, Yen A, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, McLennan S, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Gellert R, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Rowland S, Atlaskin E, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Bower H, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Wong M, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. Volatile, Isotope, and Organic Analysis of Martian Fines with the Mars Curiosity Rover. Science 2013; 341:1238937. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1238937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mahaffy PR, Webster CR, Atreya SK, Franz H, Wong M, Conrad PG, Harpold D, Jones JJ, Leshin LA, Manning H, Owen T, Pepin RO, Squyres S, Trainer M, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Minitti M, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Schmidt M, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Grotzinger J, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Stolper E, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Leveille R, Marchand G, Sanchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Steele A, Fluckiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israel G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Perez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens-Aparicio C, Rodriguez JC, Blazquez IC, Gomez FG, Gomez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jimenez MM, Martinez-Frias J, Martin-Soler J, Martin-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, Lopez SN, Peinado-Gonzalez V, Pla-Garcia J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planello JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Fairen A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpaa H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d'Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Maurice S, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schroder S, Toplis M, Lewin E, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Israel G, Szopa C, Dromart G, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouelic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, Francois P, Raulin F, Teinturier S, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Wiens RC, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Treiman A, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Summons R, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Dworkin JP, Eigenbrode J, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Jones A, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp JA, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada AR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Ming D, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhes G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, McLennan S, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernandez MADP, Avalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-Gonzalez R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Sumner DY, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Gellert R, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Rowland S, Atlaskin E, Savijarvi H, Boehm E, Bottcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Kohler J, Garcia CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Renno N, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. Abundance and Isotopic Composition of Gases in the Martian Atmosphere from the Curiosity Rover. Science 2013; 341:263-6. [PMID: 23869014 DOI: 10.1126/science.1237966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Leung F, Cheung R, Fan R, Fischer L, Friedland S, Ho S, Hsieh Y, Hung I, Li M, Matsui S, McQuaid K, Ohning G, Ojuri A, Sato T, Shergill A, Shoham M, Simons T, Walter M, Yen A. The water exchange method for colonoscopy-effect of coaching. J Interv Gastroenterol 2012; 2:122-125. [PMID: 23805391 DOI: 10.4161/jig.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing popularity of water immersion is supported by its long history as an adjunct to air insufflation; after facilitating colonoscope passage, the infused water is conveniently removed during withdrawal. Water exchange, a modification of water immersion to minimize discomfort in scheduled unsedated patients in the U.S. is new. Even though it may be superior in reducing pain and increasing adenoma detection, the paradigm shift to complete exclusion of air during insertion necessitates removal of infused water containing residual feces, a step often perceived as laborious and time-consuming. The nuances are the efficient steps to remove infused water predominantly during insertion to maintain minimal distension and deliver salvage cleansing. Mastery of the novel maneuvers with practice returns insertion time towards baseline. In this observational study the impact of direct verbal coaching on the primary outcome of intention-to-treat cecal intubation was assessed. The results showed that 14 of 19 (74%) experienced colonoscopists achieved 100% intention-to-treat cecal intubation. Initiation of the examination with water exchange did not preclude completion when conversion to the more familiar air insufflation method was deemed necessary to achieve cecal intubation (total 98%). The overall intention-to-treat cecal intubation rate was 88%, 90% in male and 87% in female. Only 2.7% of bowel preparation was rated as poor during withdrawal. The mean volume of water infused and cecal intubation time was 1558 ml and 18 min, respectively. Direct coaching appears to facilitate understanding of the nuances of the water exchange method. Studies of individual learning curves are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fw Leung
- Gastroenterology, Sepulveda ACC, VAGLAHS, North Hills, CA, United States ; Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
AbstractThe electrochromic behavior of crystalline WO3 thin films of two different crystal structures was investigated. The films were deposited on ITO-coated Coming 7059 glass and transparent single crystal sapphire substrates by electron beam evaporation. The usual monoclinic crystal structure was obtained by post-annealing films deposited at low substrate temperatures. An alternative phase was generated by in-situ growth of crystalline films at high substrate temperatures. The reversible electrochemical insertion of Li was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry. Optical switching was observed by comparing visible transmittance, visible reflectance, and infrared reflectance spectra of films before and after Li intercalation. The two film types assumed similar crystal structures upon lithiation. High infrared reflectance in the monoclinic phase was described well by an elementary freeelectron plasma edge model. However, the high-Ts. film exhibited significantly poorer reflectance in the infrared when lithiated.
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Squyres SW, Knoll AH, Arvidson RE, Ashley JW, Bell JF, Calvin WM, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Cohen BA, de Souza PA, Edgar L, Farrand WH, Fleischer I, Gellert R, Golombek MP, Grant J, Grotzinger J, Hayes A, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson JR, Jolliff B, Klingelhöfer G, Knudson A, Li R, McCoy TJ, McLennan SM, Ming DW, Mittlefehldt DW, Morris RV, Rice JW, Schröder C, Sullivan RJ, Yen A, Yingst RA. Exploration of Victoria Crater by the Mars Rover Opportunity. Science 2009; 324:1058-61. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1170355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - A. H. Knoll
- Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63031, USA
| | - J. W. Ashley
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - W. M. Calvin
- University of Nevada, Reno, Geological Sciences, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA
| | - B. A. Cohen
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Tasmanian Information and Communication Technologies Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia
| | - L. Edgar
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - I. Fleischer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - J. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. Hayes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - B. Jolliff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63031, USA
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Knudson
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - T. J. McCoy
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - D. W. Mittlefehldt
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - R. V. Morris
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. J. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - R. A. Yingst
- Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
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McSween HY, Ruff SW, Morris RV, Gellert R, Klingelhöfer G, Christensen PR, McCoy TJ, Ghosh A, Moersch JM, Cohen BA, Rogers AD, Schröder C, Squyres SW, Crisp J, Yen A. Mineralogy of volcanic rocks in Gusev Crater, Mars: Reconciling Mössbauer, Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer, and Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Ruff S, Gellert R, Morris RV, Ming DW, Crumpler L, Farmer JD, Marais DJD, Yen A, McLennan SM, Calvin W, Bell JF, Clark BC, Wang A, McCoy TJ, Schmidt ME, de Souza PA. Detection of Silica-Rich Deposits on Mars. Science 2008; 320:1063-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1155429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - S. Ruff
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - R. V. Morris
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - L. Crumpler
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J. D. Farmer
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - D. J. Des Marais
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - A. Yen
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - W. Calvin
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - A. Wang
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - T. J. McCoy
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - M. E. Schmidt
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
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17
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Abstract
Cerebral venous anomalies may have a variety of clinical consequences. MR or CT venogram can assist the imaging diagnosis; yet, cerebral angiogram may be required to confirm or establish the correct diagnosis. Venous anomalies predisposing venous hypertension may be categorized into three major entities such as congenital variations, outflow obstruction, and increased blood flow. The degree of clinical presentations of venous hypertension depends upon the chronicity or acuteness. Venous hypertension may lead to venous congestion with edema, hemorrhage and encephalopathy. Endovascular therapeutic procedures may be employed to relieve venous congestion either from reducing blood flow or relieving obstruction. Those endovascular treatment options include embolization, thrombolysis and angioplastic stentings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Tsai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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18
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Squyres SW, Aharonson O, Clark BC, Cohen BA, Crumpler L, de Souza PA, Farrand WH, Gellert R, Grant J, Grotzinger JP, Haldemann AFC, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Lewis KW, Li R, McCoy T, McEwen AS, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moore JM, Morris RV, Parker TJ, Rice JW, Ruff S, Schmidt M, Schröder C, Soderblom LA, Yen A. Pyroclastic activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars. Science 2007; 316:738-42. [PMID: 17478719 DOI: 10.1126/science.1139045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Home Plate is a layered plateau in Gusev crater on Mars. It is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. A coarsegrained lower unit lies under a finer-grained upper unit. Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, whereas the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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19
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Yen A, Rose T, Langcake M, Hollands M. HP35P THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GALL STONE VS ALCOHOL INDUCED-SEVERE PANCREATITIS IN WESTERN SYDNEY. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04122_35.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Clark BC, Arvidson RE, Gellert R, Morris RV, Ming DW, Richter L, Ruff SW, Michalski JR, Farrand WH, Yen A, Herkenhoff KE, Li R, Squyres SW, Schröder C, Klingelhöfer G, Bell JF. Evidence for montmorillonite or its compositional equivalent in Columbia Hills, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Morris RV, Klingelhöfer G, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, Yen A, Ming DW, de Souza PA, Wdowiak T, Fleischer I, Gellert R, Bernhardt B, Bonnes U, Cohen BA, Evlanov EN, Foh J, Gütlich P, Kankeleit E, McCoy T, Mittlefehldt DW, Renz F, Schmidt ME, Zubkov B, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Mössbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Meridiani Planum, Mars: Opportunity's journey across sulfate-rich outcrop, basaltic sand and dust, and hematite lag deposits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - D. S. Rodionov
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- CVRD Group; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - I. Fleischer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - B. Bernhardt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - U. Bonnes
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - B. A. Cohen
- Institute of Meteoritics; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | - J. Foh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - P. Gütlich
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - E. Kankeleit
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - T. McCoy
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | | | - F. Renz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - M. E. Schmidt
- Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | - B. Zubkov
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bollen D, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin WM, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand WH, Folkner W, Gellert R, Glotch TD, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Schröder C, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Tosca NJ, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle Crater to Purgatory Ripple. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - D. Bollen
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. Brückner
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute; Moffett Field California USA
| | - W. M. Calvin
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Nevada, Reno; Reno Nevada USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - L. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - C. d'Uston
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements; Toulouse France
| | - T. Economou
- Enrico Fermi Institute; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - J. Farmer
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - W. Folkner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - T. D. Glotch
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D. C. USA
| | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - S. Hviid
- Max Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | | | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - A. H. Knoll
- Botanical Museum; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - G. Landis
- NASA Glenn Research Center; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - M. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute; Ørsted Laboratory; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. C. Malin
- Malin Space Science Systems; San Diego California USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - H. Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - J. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | - T. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - L. Richter
- DLR Institute of Space Simulation; Cologne Germany
| | - R. Rieder
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - M. Sims
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - M. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - P. Smith
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - R. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - N. J. Tosca
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - H. Wänke
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - M. Wolff
- Space Science Institute; Martinez Georgia USA
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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23
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Ganapathi M, Chikamori K, Hill J, Grabowski D, Zarkhin E, Grozav A, Vaziri S, Bukowski R, Yen A, Ganapathi R. 493 POSTER Down regulation of topoisomerase IIβ in myeloid leukemia cell lines leads to activation of apoptosis following all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation/growth arrest. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Chikamori K, Hill JE, Grabowski DR, Zarkhin E, Grozav AG, Vaziri SAJ, Wang J, Gudkov AV, Rybicki LR, Bukowski RM, Yen A, Tanimoto M, Ganapathi MK, Ganapathi R. Downregulation of topoisomerase IIbeta in myeloid leukemia cell lines leads to activation of apoptosis following all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation/growth arrest. Leukemia 2006; 20:1809-18. [PMID: 16932348 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the topoisomerase (topo) II isozymes (alpha and beta), topo IIbeta has been suggested to regulate differentiation. In this study, we examined the role of topo IIbeta in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines. Inhibition of topo IIbeta activity or downregulation of protein expression enhanced ATRA-induced differentiation/growth arrest and apoptosis. ATRA-induced apoptosis in topo IIbeta-deficient cells involved activation of the caspase cascade and was rescued by ectopic expression of topo IIbeta. Gene expression profiling led to the identification of peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) as a candidate gene that was downregulated in topo IIbeta-deficient cells. Reduced expression of PRDX2 validated at the mRNA and protein level, in topo IIbeta-deficient cells correlated with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following ATRA-induced differentiation. Overexpression of PRDX2 in topo IIbeta-deficient cells led to reduced accumulation of ROS and partially reversed ATRA-induced apoptosis. These results support a role for topo IIbeta in survival of ATRA-differentiated myeloid leukemia cells. Reduced expression of topo IIbeta induces apoptosis in part by impairing the anti-oxidant capacity of the cell owing to downregulation of PRDX2. Thus, suppression of topo IIbeta and/or PRDX2 levels in myeloid leukemia cells provides a novel approach for improving ATRA-based differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chikamori
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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25
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Morris RV, Klingelhöfer G, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, Yen A, Ming DW, de Souza PA, Fleischer I, Wdowiak T, Gellert R, Bernhardt B, Evlanov EN, Zubkov B, Foh J, Bonnes U, Kankeleit E, Gütlich P, Renz F, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Mössbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev crater, Mars: Spirit's journey through weakly altered olivine basalt on the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - D. S. Rodionov
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- CVRD Group; Vitoria Brazil
| | - I. Fleischer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - B. Bernhardt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | | | - B. Zubkov
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - J. Foh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - U. Bonnes
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - E. Kankeleit
- Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - P. Gütlich
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - F. Renz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
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26
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Ming DW, Mittlefehldt DW, Morris RV, Golden DC, Gellert R, Yen A, Clark BC, Squyres SW, Farrand WH, Ruff SW, Arvidson RE, Klingelhöfer G, McSween HY, Rodionov DS, Schröder C, de Souza PA, Wang A. Geochemical and mineralogical indicators for aqueous processes in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Gellert
- Institut für Inorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
- University of Guelph; Guelph Canada
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - S. W. Ruff
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Inorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - H. Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - D. S. Rodionov
- Institut für Inorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Inorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | | | - A. Wang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
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27
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Gellert R, Rieder R, Brückner J, Clark BC, Dreibus G, Klingelhöfer G, Lugmair G, Ming DW, Wänke H, Yen A, Zipfel J, Squyres SW. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS): Results from Gusev crater and calibration report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gellert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - R. Rieder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Brückner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - G. Dreibus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Inorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Lugmair
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - H. Wänke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. Zipfel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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28
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Arvidson RE, Squyres SW, Anderson RC, Bell JF, Blaney D, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin WM, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, de Souza PA, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand WH, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Guinness E, Hahn BC, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hurowitz JA, Hviid S, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Leff C, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Rodionov DS, Schröder C, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Thompson SD, Tosca NJ, Wang A, Wänke H, Ward J, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. Overview of the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Gusev Crater: Landing site to Backstay Rock in the Columbia Hills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McSween HY, Wyatt MB, Gellert R, Bell JF, Morris RV, Herkenhoff KE, Crumpler LS, Milam KA, Stockstill KR, Tornabene LL, Arvidson RE, Bartlett P, Blaney D, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crisp JA, Des Marais DJ, Economou T, Farmer JD, Farrand W, Ghosh A, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Greeley R, Hamilton VE, Johnson JR, Joliff BL, Klingelhöfer G, Knudson AT, McLennan S, Ming D, Moersch JE, Rieder R, Ruff SW, Schröder C, de Souza PA, Squyres SW, Wänke H, Wang A, Yen A, Zipfel J. Characterization and petrologic interpretation of olivine-rich basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sullivan R, Banfield D, Bell JF, Calvin W, Fike D, Golombek M, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Herkenhoff K, Jerolmack D, Malin M, Ming D, Soderblom LA, Squyres SW, Thompson S, Watters WA, Weitz CM, Yen A. Aeolian processes at the Mars Exploration Rover Meridiani Planum landing site. Nature 2005; 436:58-61. [PMID: 16001061 DOI: 10.1038/nature03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The martian surface is a natural laboratory for testing our understanding of the physics of aeolian (wind-related) processes in an environment different from that of Earth. Martian surface markings and atmospheric opacity are time-variable, indicating that fine particles at the surface are mobilized regularly by wind. Regolith (unconsolidated surface material) at the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's landing site has been affected greatly by wind, which has created and reoriented bedforms, sorted grains, and eroded bedrock. Aeolian features here preserve a unique record of changing wind direction and wind strength. Here we present an in situ examination of a martian bright wind streak, which provides evidence consistent with a previously proposed formational model for such features. We also show that a widely used criterion for distinguishing between aeolian saltation- and suspension-dominated grain behaviour is different on Mars, and that estimated wind friction speeds between 2 and 3 m s(-1), most recently from the northwest, are associated with recent global dust storms, providing ground truth for climate model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sullivan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA.
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Marais DJD, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand W, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson J, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. The Opportunity Rover's Athena science investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Science 2004; 306:1698-703. [PMID: 15576602 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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32
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Rieder R, Gellert R, Anderson RC, Brückner J, Clark BC, Dreibus G, Economou T, Klingelhöfer G, Lugmair GW, Ming DW, Squyres SW, d'Uston C, Wänke H, Yen A, Zipfel J. Chemistry of rocks and soils at Meridiani Planum from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer. Science 2004; 306:1746-9. [PMID: 15576611 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer on the Opportunity rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Meridiani Planum. Chemical compositions differentiate between basaltic rocks, evaporite-rich rocks, basaltic soils, and hematite-rich soils. Although soils are compositionally similar to those at previous landing sites, differences in iron and some minor element concentrations signify the addition of local components. Rocky outcrops are rich in sulfur and variably enriched in bromine relative to chlorine. The interaction with water in the past is indicated by the chemical features in rocks and soils at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rieder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, J. J. Becher-Weg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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33
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Soderblom LA, Anderson RC, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Economou T, Ehlmann BL, Farrand WH, Fike D, Gellert R, Glotch TD, Golombek MP, Greeley R, Grotzinger JP, Herkenhoff KE, Jerolmack DJ, Johnson JR, Jolliff B, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Learner ZA, Li R, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Morris RV, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Rodionov D, Schröder C, Seelos FP, Soderblom JM, Squyres SW, Sullivan R, Watters WA, Weitz CM, Wyatt MB, Yen A, Zipfel J. Soils of Eagle Crater and Meridiani Planum at the Opportunity Rover Landing Site. Science 2004; 306:1723-6. [PMID: 15576606 DOI: 10.1126/science.1105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The soils at the Opportunity site are fine-grained basaltic sands mixed with dust and sulfate-rich outcrop debris. Hematite is concentrated in spherules eroded from the strata. Ongoing saltation exhumes the spherules and their fragments, concentrating them at the surface. Spherules emerge from soils coated, perhaps from subsurface cementation, by salts. Two types of vesicular clasts may represent basaltic sand sources. Eolian ripples, armored by well-sorted hematite-rich grains, pervade Meridiani Planum. The thickness of the soil on the plain is estimated to be about a meter. The flatness and thin cover suggest that the plain may represent the original sedimentary surface.
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Klingelhöfer G, Morris RV, Bernhardt B, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, de Souza PA, Yen A, Gellert R, Evlanov EN, Zubkov B, Foh J, Bonnes U, Kankeleit E, Gütlich P, Ming DW, Renz F, Wdowiak T, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Jarosite and Hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer Spectrometer. Science 2004; 306:1740-5. [PMID: 15576610 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mossbauer spectra measured by the Opportunity rover revealed four mineralogical components in Meridiani Planum at Eagle crater: jarosite- and hematite-rich outcrop, hematite-rich soil, olivine-bearing basaltic soil, and a pyroxene-bearing basaltic rock (Bounce rock). Spherules, interpreted to be concretions, are hematite-rich and dispersed throughout the outcrop. Hematitic soils both within and outside Eagle crater are dominated by spherules and their fragments. Olivine-bearing basaltic soil is present throughout the region. Bounce rock is probably an impact erratic. Because jarosite is a hydroxide sulfate mineral, its presence at Meridiani Planum is mineralogical evidence for aqueous processes on Mars, probably under acid-sulfate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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35
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, D'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand W, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson J, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll A, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. The Spirit Rover's Athena science investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars. Science 2004; 305:794-9. [PMID: 15297657 DOI: 10.1126/science.1100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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36
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McSween HY, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Blaney D, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crisp JA, Crumpler LS, Des Marais DJ, Farmer JD, Gellert R, Ghosh A, Gorevan S, Graff T, Grant J, Haskin LA, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson JR, Jolliff BL, Klingelhoefer G, Knudson AT, McLennan S, Milam KA, Moersch JE, Morris RV, Rieder R, Ruff SW, De Souza PA, Squyres SW, Wänke H, Wang A, Wyatt MB, Yen A, Zipfel J. Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater. Science 2004; 305:842-5. [PMID: 15297668 DOI: 10.1126/science.1099851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain </=25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mössbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA.
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37
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McSween HY, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Blaney D, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crisp JA, Crumpler LS, Des Marais DJ, Farmer JD, Gellert R, Ghosh A, Gorevan S, Graff T, Grant J, Haskin LA, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson JR, Jolliff BL, Klingelhoefer G, Knudson AT, McLennan S, Milam KA, Moersch JE, Morris RV, Rieder R, Ruff SW, de Souza PA, Squyres SW, WaÌnke H, Wang A, Wyatt MB, Yen A, Zipfel J. Basaltic Rocks Analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater. Science 2004. [DOI: 10.1126/science.3050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - D. Blaney
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. A. Crisp
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - D. J. Des Marais
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. D. Farmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - A. Ghosh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - S. Gorevan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - T. Graff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. Grant
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - L. A. Haskin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - K. E. Herkenhoff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. R. Johnson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - B. L. Jolliff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - G. Klingelhoefer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - A. T. Knudson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - S. McLennan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - K. A. Milam
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - R. V. Morris
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - R. Rieder
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - S. W. Ruff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - H. WaÌnke
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - A. Wang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - M. B. Wyatt
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - A. Yen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
| | - J. Zipfel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996â1410, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130â4899, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853â6801, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109â8099, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035â1000, USA
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38
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Morris RV, Klingelhöfer G, Bernhardt B, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, De Souza PA, Yen A, Gellert R, Evlanov EN, Foh J, Kankeleit E, Gütlich P, Ming DW, Renz F, Wdowiak T, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Mineralogy at Gusev Crater from the Mossbauer Spectrometer on the Spirit Rover. Science 2004; 305:833-6. [PMID: 15297666 DOI: 10.1126/science.1100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mössbauer spectra measured on Mars by the Spirit rover during the primary mission are characterized by two ferrous iron doublets (olivine and probably pyroxene) and a ferric iron doublet (tentatively associated to nanophase ferric iron oxide). Two sextets resulting from nonstoichiometric magnetite are also present, except for a coating on the rock Mazatzal, where a hematite-like sextet is present. Greater proportions of ferric-bearing phases are associated with undisturbed soils and rock surfaces as compared to fresh rock surfaces exposed by grinding. The ubiquitous presence of olivine in soil suggests that physical rather than chemical weathering processes currently dominate at Gusev crater.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Morris
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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39
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Gellert R, Rieder R, Anderson RC, Brückner J, Clark BC, Dreibus G, Economou T, Klingelhöfer G, Lugmair GW, Ming DW, Squyres SW, D'Uston C, Wänke H, Yen A, Zipfel J. Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer. Science 2004; 305:829-32. [PMID: 15297665 DOI: 10.1126/science.1099913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The alpha particle x-ray spectrometer on the Spirit rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Gusev crater in order to unravel the crustal evolution of planet Mars. The composition of soils is similar to those at previous landing sites, as a result of global mixing and distribution by dust storms. Rocks (fresh surfaces exposed by the rock abrasion tool) resemble volcanic rocks of primitive basaltic composition with low intrinsic potassium contents. High abundance of bromine (up to 170 parts per million) in rocks may indicate the alteration of surfaces formed during a past period of aqueous activity in Gusev crater.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gellert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, J. J. Becher-Weg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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40
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin W, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand W, Folkner W, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Haskin L, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson J, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll A, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars. Science 2004. [DOI: 10.1126/science.3050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. Brückner
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - W. Calvin
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - L. Crumpler
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - D. J. Des Marais
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - C. d'Uston
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - T. Economou
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. Farmer
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - W. Farrand
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - W. Folkner
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. Golombek
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - S. Gorevan
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. A. Grant
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - R. Greeley
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. Grotzinger
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - L. Haskin
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - K. E. Herkenhoff
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - S. Hviid
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. Johnson
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - A. Knoll
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - G. Landis
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. Lemmon
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. C. Malin
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - H. Y. McSween
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. Moersch
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - R. V. Morris
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - T. Parker
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - L. Richter
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - R. Rieder
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. Sims
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. Smith
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - P. Smith
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - L. A. Soderblom
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - R. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - H. Wänke
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M. Wolff
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - A. Yen
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Dorrough J, Yen A, Turner V, Clark SG, Crosthwaite J, Hirth JR. Livestock grazing management and biodiversity conservation in Australian temperate grassy landscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ar03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the development of livestock grazing management strategies that achieve environmental sustainability and maintain or improve the long-term production capacity of commercial grazing systems. In temperate Australia, these strategies are generally focussed on reducing perennial pasture decline, soil loss, acidity, and salinity. An additional challenge facing land managers and researchers is developing grazing strategies that also maintain and enhance local and regional biodiversity. However, few studies have assessed the compatibility of management practices for maintaining long-term productivity and biodiversity conservation. We still have only a very basic understanding of the effects of different grazing strategies and pasture management on biodiversity and this is a major impediment to the development of appropriate and compatible best management practice. We argue that although there is an increasing desire to find management strategies that protect and enhance biodiversity without hindering long-term agricultural production, in many cases this may not be possible. Current knowledge suggests that compatibility is most likely to be achieved using low-input systems in low productivity (fragile) landscapes, whereas in highly productive (robust) landscapes there is less opportunity for integration of productive land-use and biodiversity conservation. There is an urgent need for improved communication and collaboration between agronomic and ecological researchers and research agencies to ensure that future programs consider sustainability in terms of biodiversity as well as pasture and livestock productivity and soil and water health.
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Rieder R, Gellert R, Brückner J, Klingelhöfer G, Dreibus G, Yen A, Squyres SW. The new Athena alpha particle X-ray spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rovers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rieder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - R. Gellert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Brückner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Dreibus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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43
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is known to cause the myeloid differentiation of HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cells in a process requiring MEK-dependent ERK2 activation. This RA-induced ERK2 activation appears after approximately 4 h and persists until the cells are differentiated and G0 arrested (Yen et al, 1998). This motivates the question of whether RA also activated RAF as part of a typical RAF/MEK/MAPK cascade. Retinoic acid is shown here to also increase the phosphorylation of RAF, but in an unusual way. Surprisingly, increased RAF phosphorylation is first detectable after 12 to 24 hours by phosphorylation-induced retardation of polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility. The RA-induced increased RAF phosphorylation is still apparent after 72 hours of treatment when most cells are differentiated and G0 arrested. There is a progressive dose-response relationship with 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) M RA. The RA-induced RAF phosphorylation corresponds to increased in vitro kinase activity. Inhibition of MEK with a PD98059 dose which inhibits ERK2 phosphorylation and subsequent cell differentiation also inhibits RAF phosphorylation. RA-induced MEK-dependent RAF phosphorylation is not due to changes in the amount of cellular MEK. The induced RAF phosphorylation, as well as anteceding ERK2 activation, depends on ligand-induced activation of both an RARalpha receptor and an RXR receptor. This and the slow kinetics of activation suggest a need for prior RA-induced gene expression. In summary, RA induces a MEK-dependent prolonged RAF activation, whose slow onset occurs after ERK2 activation but still well before cell cycle arrest and cell differentiation. The RA-induced increased RAF phosphorylation thus differs from typical mitogenic growth factor signaling, features that may contribute to cell cycle arrest and differentiation instead of division as the cellular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Yen A, Placanica L, Bloom S, Varvayanis S. Polyomavirus small t antigen prevents retinoic acid-induced retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation and redirects retinoic acid-induced G0 arrest and differentiation to apoptosis. J Virol 2001; 75:5302-14. [PMID: 11333911 PMCID: PMC114935 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.11.5302-5314.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus small t antigen (ST) impedes late features of retinoic acid (RA)-induced HL-60 myeloid differentiation as well as growth arrest, causing apoptosis instead. HL-60 cells were stably transfected with ST. ST slowed the cell cycle, retarding G2/M in particular. Treated with RA, the ST transfectants continued to proliferate and underwent apoptosis. ST also impeded the normally RA-induced hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein consistent with failure of the cells to arrest growth. The RA-treated transfectants expressed CD11b, an early cell surface differentiation marker, but inducible oxidative metabolism, a later and more mature functional differentiation marker, was largely inhibited. Instead, the cells underwent apoptosis. ST affected significant known components of RA signaling that result in G0 growth arrest and differentiation in wild-type HL-60. ST increased the basal amount of activated ERK2, which normally increases when wild-type cells are treated with RA. ST caused increased RARalpha expression, which is normally down regulated in RA-treated wild-type cells. The effects of ST on RA-induced myeloid differentiation did not extend to monocytic differentiation and G0 arrest induced by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, whose receptor is also a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone superfamily. In this case, ST abolished the usually induced G0 arrest and retarded, but did not block, differentiation without inducing apoptosis, thus uncoupling growth arrest and differentiation. In sum, the data show that ST disrupted the normal RA-induced program of G0 arrest and differentiation, causing the cells to abort differentiation and undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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45
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Yen A, Norman AW, Varvayanis S. Nongenomic vitamin D3 analogs activating ERK2 in HL-60 cells show that retinoic acid-induced differentiation and cell cycle arrest require early concurrent MAPK and RAR and RXR activation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:93-9. [PMID: 11332745 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0093:nvdaae>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Battle TE, Roberson MS, Zhang T, Varvayanis S, Yen A. Retinoic acid-induced blr1 expression requires RARalpha, RXR, and MAPK activation and uses ERK2 but not JNK/SAPK to accelerate cell differentiation. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:59-67. [PMID: 11211936 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream signaling requirements of retinoic acid (RA)-induced blr1 expression and downstream signaling consequences of blr1 over-expression in a human myeloid leukemia cell line demonstrate that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling complexes are involved in both avenues. RA-induced myeloid differentiation and G1/G0 growth arrest of HL-60 cells is known to require the activation of the RARalpha and RXR retinoid receptors, as well as activation of the MAPK, ERK2. Transcriptional activation of the Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (blr1) gene occurs early during RA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells and requires these same three activating processes. The use of retinoid ligands that activate either the RARalpha or the RXR retinoid receptors revealed that blr1 mRNA induction was detectable only when both RARalpha and RXR were activated. Neither the RARalpha nor RXR selective ligands alone induced expression of blr1, but the combination of the two ligands induced the expression of blr1 to the same extent as RA. The MAPKK (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, was used to determine whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2) activation was necessary for induction of blr1 mRNA. PD98059 inhibited induced blr1 mRNA expression, due to RA or activated RARalpha plus RXR ligands, indicating that ERK2 activation is necessary for blr1 mRNA expression. Previous studies showed that ectopic expression of blr1 also caused increased MAPK activation, in particular ERK2, and subsequently accelerated RA-induced differentiation and G1/G0 growth arrest. Inhibition of ERK2 activation inhibited differentiation of blr1 transfectants, suggesting that the accelerated differentiation reflected blr1-enhanced ERK2 activation. The present data also demonstrate that ectopic expression of blr1 increased JNK/SAPK activity, but JNK/ SAPK activation was not needed for accelerated RA-induced differentiation and growth arrest. The results show that the signals known to be required for HL-60 differentiation, activated RARalpha, RXR, and ERK2, are necessary for blr1 mRNA expression. Downstream consequences of blr1 overexpression include enhanced MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Battle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. traci
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Bielinska AU, Yen A, Wu HL, Zahos KM, Sun R, Weiner ND, Baker JR, Roessler BJ. Application of membrane-based dendrimer/DNA complexes for solid phase transfection in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2000; 21:877-87. [PMID: 10735464 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study a general description of the use of solid support membranes as the device for DNA delivery mediated by PAMAM dendrimers is presented. In contrast to the other DNA carriers, dendrimer/DNA complexes retain the ability to transfect after drying, which enabled coating or incorporation of complexes into poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) or collagen-based bioerodable membranes. These studies provide support for the use of this technology for in vitro and in vivo transfection of skin cells. Expression of luciferase or green fluorescent protein from pCF1-Luc and pEGFP1 plasmids indicated that dendrimer/DNA complexes can mediate transfection after dissociation from the solid support and/or when retained on the surface of the membranes. Modification of the membranes by incorporation of an anionic lipid, phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) at 1-5% concentrations, resulted in more efficient in situ transfection, particularly with dendrimer/DNA complexes formed at the low charge ratios (1-5). We also report data supporting the feasibility of membrane-based dendrimer/DNA complexes, particularly formed at lower than neutralizing conditions, for topical in vivo delivery of DNA to hairless mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Bielinska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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48
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Giussani DA, Farber DM, Jenkins SL, Yen A, Winter JA, Tame JD, Nathanielsz PW. Opposing effects of androgen and estrogen on pituitary-adrenal function in nonpregnant primates. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:1445-51. [PMID: 10775199 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal administration of androstenedione produces a sustained fall in maternal plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in the pregnant nonhuman primate. We hypothesize a negative feedback influence on the maternal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by androgens in primates. This may reflect an important maternal adaptation during pregnancy in primates preventing premature induction of labor by maternal stress. However, androstenedione is precursor for placental estradiol-17beta synthesis, and infusion of androstenedione into pregnant primates elevates maternal plasma estradiol-17beta to term concentrations. Thus, it could be argued that 1) the effects attributed to androstenedione on the maternal HPA axis are mediated by estrogen rather than by androgen and 2) the negative influence of androgens may be on placental ACTH rather than, or in addition to, pituitary ACTH. To discriminate between androgenic and estrogenic effects of androstenedione on pituitary and/or placental ACTH function in primates we measured plasma ACTH, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations in nonpregnant baboons after treatment with either androstenedione or estradiol-17beta. Nine female baboons were studied between 14 and 22 days postpartum prior to estrous cycling. After 2 days of baseline, a continuous i.v. infusion of androstenedione (1.5 mg/kg per h in 10% intralipid, IL) was started at 0900 h and maintained for 9 days in 3 baboons. A similar protocol was carried out in another 3 baboons that received a continuous i.v. infusion of estradiol-17beta (10 microg/kg per h in 10% IL) instead of androstenedione. Three additional baboons received continuous i.v. IL vehicle alone and served as controls. Arterial blood samples (0.5 ml) for measurement of plasma hormones were taken during baseline and after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of infusion. Baseline plasma ACTH, DHEAS, and cortisol concentrations were similar among all groups. Plasma ACTH did not change during IL, increased following estradiol-17beta, and fell during androstenedione treatment. Accordingly, plasma cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were also unaltered by IL, and both steroids increased during estradiol-17beta treatment. In contrast, plasma cortisol and DHEAS remained unaltered from baseline during androstenedione treatment, despite the fall in plasma ACTH measured at this time. These data in the nonpregnant baboon 1) are consistent with negative feedback on pituitary ACTH by androgens and 2) demonstrate a positive influence on pituitary-adrenal function by estrogen in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Giussani
- Laboratory for Pregnancy & Newborn Research, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401
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49
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Yen A, Varvayanis S. Retinoic acid increases amount of phosphorylated RAF; ectopic expression of cFMS reveals that retinoic acid-induced differentiation is more strongly dependent on ERK2 signaling than induced GO arrest is. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2000; 36:249-55. [PMID: 10852350 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0249:raiaop>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid is known to cause the myeloid differentiation and G1/0 cell cycle arrest of HL-60 cells in a process that requires mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK)-dependent extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)2 activation. It has also been shown that ectopic expression of cFMS, a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-family transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, enhances retinoic acid-induced differentiation and G1/0 arrest. The mechanism of how the retinoic acid and cFMS signaling pathways intersect is not known. The present data show that the ectopic expression of cFMS results in the differential loss of sensitivity of retinoic acid-induced differentiation or G1/0 arrest to inhibition of ERK2 activation. PD98059 was used to inhibit MEK and consequently ERK2. In wildtype HL-60 cells, PD98059 blocked retinoic acid-induced differentiation; but in cFMS stable transfectants, PD98059 only attenuated the induced differentiation, with the resulting response resembling that of retinoic acid-treated wild-type HL-60. In wild-type HL-60, PD98059 greatly attenuated the retinoic acid-induced G1/0 arrest allied with retinoblastoma (RB) hypophosphorylation; but in cFMS stable transfectants, PD98059 had no inhibitory effect on RB hypophosphorylation and G1/0 arrest. This differential sensitivity to PD98059 and uncoupling of retinoic acid-induced differentiation and G1/0 arrest in cFMS transfectants is associated with changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling molecules. The cFMS transfectants had more activated ERK2 than did the wild-type cells, which surprisingly was not attributable to enhanced mitogen-activated protein-kinase-kinase-kinase (RAF) phosphorylation. Retinoic acid increased the amount of activated ERK2 and phosphorylated RAF in both cell lines. But PD98059 eliminated detectable ERK2 activation, as well as inhibited RAF phosphorylation, in untreated and retinoic acid-treated wild-type HL-60 and cFMS transfectants, consistent with MEK or ERK feedback-regulation of RAF, in all four cases. Since PD98059 blocks the cFMS-conferred enhancement of the retinoic acid-induced differentiation, but not growth arrest, the data indicate that cFMS-enhanced differentiation acts primarily through MEK and ERK2, but cFMS-enhanced G1/0 arrest allied with RB hypophosphorylation depends on another cFMS signal route, which by itself can effect G1/0 arrest without activated ERK2. Ectopic expression of cFMS and differential sensitivity to ERK2 inhibition thus reveal that retinoic acid-induced HL-60 cell differentiation and G1/0 arrest are differentially dependent on ERK2 and can be uncoupled. A significant unanticipated finding was that retinoic acid caused a MEK-dependent increase in the amount of phosphorylated RAF. This increase may help sustain prolonged ERK2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yen
- Departmernt of Biomredical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Retinoids are known to induce the differentiation and cell cycle arrest of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. Differential display was used to identify putative early regulatory genes that are differentially expressed in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells treated with retinoic acid. One of the cDNAs cloned encodes sequences identifying Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1), a recently described chemokine receptor. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that blr1 mRNA expression increases within 9 h of retinoic acid treatment, well before functional differentiation or G(1)/G(0) growth arrest at 48 h or onset of morphological changes, suggesting a possible regulatory function. The expression of blr1 mRNA is transient, peaking at 72 h when cells are differentiated. blr1 mRNA also is induced by other differentiation-inducing agents, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and DMSO. Induction of blr1 mRNA by retinoic acid is not blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. In HL-60 cells stably transfected with blr1 cDNA, ectopic expression of blr1 causes an increase in ERK2 MAPK activation and promotes retinoic acid-induced G(1)/G(0) growth arrest and cell differentiation. The early expression of blr1 mRNA during differentiation, its ability to increase ERK2 activation, and its enhancement of retinoic acid-induced differentiation suggest that blr1 expression may be involved in retinoic acid-induced HL-60 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Battle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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