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Wood JL, Malik AA, Greening C, Green PT, McGeoch M, Franks AE. Rethinking CSR theory to incorporate microbial metabolic diversity and foraging traits. ISME J 2023; 17:1793-1797. [PMID: 37596410 PMCID: PMC10579239 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - A A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - C Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - P T Green
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M McGeoch
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A E Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hassan M, Fang S, Malik AA, Lak TA, Rizwan M. Impact of perceived social support and psychological capital on university students' academic success: testing the role of academic adjustment as a moderator. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:340. [PMID: 37849001 PMCID: PMC10583442 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic adjustment is a significant predictor of the academic success of students. The aim of this study is to examine how academic adjustment plays an important role as a moderator in perceived social support, psychological capital, and success outcome relationships among university students. METHODS Three hundred seventy-three valid questionnaires were collected from different departments of different universities using convenience sampling method. Smart PLS 3.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS The study results indicated that perceived social support and psychological capital have a significant direct impact on academic adjustment and academic success. The results of the study also demonstrated that the relationships between perceived social support, psychological capital, and successful outcomes are partially and moderated by academic adjustment. CONCLUSION This research develops a predictive model for examining students' academic adjustment to university and the outcomes of success based on social capital theory and conservation of resources theory. The current study suggests that it is necessary for policymakers to make full use of their ability to enable students to adjust to university life effectively. Higher education institutions should therefore pay full attention to the development of students' academic skills that contribute to academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shuanghu Fang
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
| | - Aamir Abbas Malik
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tauqeer Ahmad Lak
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Malik AA, Jaswal M, Siddiqui S, Amanullah F, Hussain H. Role of symptom and chest X-ray screening in evaluating child household contacts for pulmonary TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:235-236. [PMID: 36855032 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - M Jaswal
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | | | - F Amanullah
- Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
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Malik AA, Hassan M, Rizwan M, Mushtaque I, Lak TA, Hussain M. Impact of academic cheating and perceived online learning effectiveness on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic among Pakistani students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1124095. [PMID: 36935968 PMCID: PMC10019462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1124095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study was conducted to examine academic cheating behaviors and perceived online effectiveness on academic performance during the period of COVID-19 among schools, colleges, and university students in Pakistan. Methodology A cross-sectional research design was used in the current study. Convenience sampling was used to collect the data. The study included a total sample of N = 8,590 students, with males (n = 3,270, 38%) and females (n = 5,320, 61%) participating. The data was divided into three categories: high schools (n = 1,098, 12.7%), colleges (n = 4,742, 55.2%), and universities (n = 2,570, 32.1%). School students had an average age of (M = 15, SD = 4.65), college students had an average age of (M = 20, SD = 5.64), and university students had an average age of (M = 24, SD = 5.01). Result The results indicated that 60% of students admitted to cheating during online exams most of the time; 30% of students admitted to cheating at least once during an online exam. The study found that students (from high school, college, and university) obtained higher grades in online exams as compared to physical exams. Furthermore, significant gender differences were found on the scales of online learning effectiveness in school, college, and university students (t = 2.3*, p = 0.05 vs. t = 4.32**, p = 0.000 vs. t = -3.3*, p = 0.04). Similarly, on the scale of academic performance, students have significant gender differences. Multivariate regression analysis confirms that students' 26% academic performance was increased due to cheating (F (2, 8,588) = 16.24, p = 0.000). Students believe online learning is effective because academic grades are easily obtained. Conclusion Cheating is more common and easier in online courses, according to more than half of respondents, and they take advantage of this. Academicians are heavily encouraged to develop morality and ethics in their students so that their institutions can produce ethical professionals for the educational community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Abbas Malik
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Aamir Abbas Malik,
| | - Mehdi Hassan
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Education Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Iqra Mushtaque
- Department of Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Iqra Mushtaque,
| | | | - Mussarat Hussain
- Department of Sociology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Khatun A, Fazili MR, Malik AA, Naikoo M, Choudhury AR, Shah S, Lone FA, Qureshi S, Hussain I. Can honey improve the quality of cryopreserved cross bred ram semen added to tris egg yolk extender? Cryo Letters 2022; 43:334-340. [PMID: 36629828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey can improve the quality of cryopreserved ram semen because of its multinutrient and cryoprotective nature added to standard tris egg yolk extender. OBJECTIVE Different concentrations of honey were added to the standard tris egg yolk extender to improve the post-thaw quality of crossbred ram semen. METHOD Thirty six (36) ejaculates from eight healthy cross bred rams were pooled and divided into four aliquots. Standard tris egg yolk extender without any alteration acted as Control (C) and was supplemented with different concentrations of honey, viz. T1 (honey 1.5%), T2 (2.5%), and T3 (3.5%). RESULTS The percent (mean ± S.E.M) sperm motility at pre-freeze was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Group T2 and at post-thaw in Group T3 in comparison to T1 and C treatment groups. The percent (mean ± S.E.M) HOST reacted spermatozoa at post-thaw was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Group C and at pre-freeze the value was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the same treatment group than Group T1. The mean MDA level (mean ± S.E.M) at post thaw was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in Group T3 than the treatment groups C and Group T1. CONCLUSION From this study it is concluded that the addition of 3.5% honey to the standard tris egg yolk extender provides better protection to ram semen than the addition of 1.5% honey (i.e., Control). doi.org/10.54680/fr22610110212.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khatun
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India.
| | - M R Fazili
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - A A Malik
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - M Naikoo
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - A R Choudhury
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - S Shah
- Frozen Semen Station, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - F A Lone
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - S Qureshi
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
| | - I Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar - 190006, J and K, India
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Malik AA, Shumail S, Jaswal M, Farooq S, Maniar R, Khowaja S, Safdar N, Khan AJ, Hussain H. Use of 3HP for TB preventive treatment in prisons. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:894-896. [PMID: 35996293 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - M Jaswal
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - S Khowaja
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - N Safdar
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - A J Khan
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
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Malik AA, Siddique M, Chandir S, Jaswal M, Siddiqui S, Fuad J, Khan AJ, Amanullah F, Hussain H. Travel reimbursements, distance to health facility and preventive treatment cascade for drug-resistant TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:789-791. [PMID: 35898142 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | | | - S Chandir
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - M Jaswal
- Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Siddiqui
- Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - J Fuad
- Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A J Khan
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - F Amanullah
- Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
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Jaswal M, Farooq S, Madhani F, Noorani S, Salahuddin N, Amanullah F, Khowaja S, Safdar N, Khan A, Yuen C, Keshavjee S, Becerra M, Hussain H, Malik AA. Implementing 3HP vs. IPT as TB preventive treatment in Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:741-746. [PMID: 35898140 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We assessed treatment uptake and completion for 6 months of isoniazid (6H) and 3 months of isoniazid plus rifapentine weekly (3HP) in a programmatic setting in Pakistan.METHODS: All household contacts were clinically evaluated to rule out TB disease. 6H was used for TB preventive treatment (TPT) from October 2016 to April 2017; from May to September 2017, 3HP was used for contacts aged ≥2 years. We compared clinical evaluation, TPT uptake and completion rates between contacts aged ≥2 years in the 6H period and in the 3HP period.RESULTS: We identified 3,442 contacts for the 6H regimen. After clinical evaluation, 744/1,036 (72%) started treatment, while 46% completed treatment. In contrast, 3,722 contacts were identified for 3HP. After clinical evaluation, 990/1,366 (72%) started treatment, while 67% completed treatment. Uptake of TPT did not differ significantly between the 6H and 3HP groups (OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.86-1.24). However, people who initiated 3HP had 2.3 times greater odds (95% CI 1.9-2.8) of completing treatment than those who initiated 6H after adjusting for age and sex.CONCLUSION: In programmatic settings in a high-burden country, household contacts of all ages were more likely to complete TPT with shorter weekly regimens, although treatment uptake rate for the two regimens was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jaswal
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Farooq
- TB Control Programme, The Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F Madhani
- Programmes Unit, Aga Khan Health Services, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Noorani
- Monitoring & Evaluation, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - N Salahuddin
- TB Control Programme, The Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F Amanullah
- TB Control Programme, The Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khowaja
- TB Department, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - N Safdar
- TB Department, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - A Khan
- TB Department, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore, TB Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery, Boston, MA
| | - C Yuen
- TB Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery, Boston, MA
| | - S Keshavjee
- TB Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery, Boston, MA, TB Department, Partners In Health, Boston, MA, Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - M Becerra
- TB Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery, Boston, MA, TB Department, Partners In Health, Boston, MA, Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - H Hussain
- TB Department, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - A A Malik
- TB Department, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Malik AA, Amanullah F. Source case investigation can reduce the diagnostic gap for childhood TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:566-567. [PMID: 35650691 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
| | - F Amanullah
- The Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
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Masrat-Un-Nisa EY, Malik AA, Sofi KA, Khatun A, Yousuf N. Recent advancements in vitrification cryodevices for gamete and gonadal tissue. Cryo Letters 2022; 43:129-139. [PMID: 36626137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissue is nowadays primarily accomplished through vitrification. Variables such as cooling rate, viscosity and volume of vitrification solution are critical in gamete vitrification. In addition, sample size and stepwise exposure are also crucial for gonadal tissue vitrification. Recently a class of cryodevices has been developed to reduce the volume of vitrification solution so as to achieve higher cooling rates. Vitrification devices are classified as "open" or "closed" depending on whether the medium comes into direct contact with liquid nitrogen during the process. Examples of the open cryodevices for gamete vitrification are Cryotop, Cryolock, open pulled straw (OPS), etc., and closed devices are Vitrisafe, CryoTip, and high security vitrification kit. Similarly, for tissue vitrification open cryodevices used are needles, cryovials and closed devices used are Cryotissue, ovarian tissue cryosystem, etc. Among all the gamete cryodevices, Cryotop is unique and the best-selling micro-volume storage device. Use of this device has resulted in the highest number of babies born after embryo or oocyte vitrification. Another novel device, Kitasato vitrification system, is a vitrification solution absorber, which is similar to Cryotop but differs in one way, as it possesses a porous membrane that absorbs extra solution from the gamete. This review provides an update on the recent use of cryodevices for gamete and gonadal tissue vitrification. doi.org/10.54680/fr22310110112.
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Affiliation(s)
- EmptyYN Y Masrat-Un-Nisa
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - A A Malik
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - K A Sofi
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - A Khatun
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - N Yousuf
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
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Malik AA, Hussain H. Preventive treatment for MDR-TB exposure in households. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:466-467. [PMID: 35505480 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore, Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
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12
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Malik AA, Hussain H. Improving enrolment for TB preventive treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:291. [PMID: 35197172 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore, Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore
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Habib SS, Malik AA, Khan U, Khowaja S, Hussain H, Ayub SM, Khan S, Creswell J, Khan AJ, Zaidi SMA. Impact of upfront Xpert testing on time to treatment initiation for multidrug-resistant TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:584-586. [PMID: 34183105 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S S Habib
- Community Health Solutions, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A A Malik
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan, Interactive Research & Development Global, Singapore
| | - U Khan
- Interactive Research & Development Global, Singapore
| | - S Khowaja
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan, Interactive Research & Development Global, Singapore
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research & Development Global, Singapore
| | - S M Ayub
- Community Health Solutions, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - A J Khan
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan, Interactive Research & Development Global, Singapore
| | - S M A Zaidi
- Community Health Solutions, Karachi, Pakistan
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Malik AA, Fuad J, Abbass W, Ikhlaque S, Fareeda G, Siddiqui MR, Khan AJ, Keshavjee S, Becerra MC, Hussain H. Preventive treatment of drug-resistant TB in a rural setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:231-233. [PMID: 33688813 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan, Interactive Research and Development Global, Singapore, Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Fuad
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W Abbass
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Ikhlaque
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - G Fareeda
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M R Siddiqui
- Institute of Chest Diseases Kotri, Kotri, Pakistan
| | - A J Khan
- Interactive Research and Development Global, Singapore, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Center for Global Health Delivery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S Keshavjee
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Center for Global Health Delivery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M C Becerra
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Center for Global Health Delivery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development Global, Singapore
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Khatun A, Fazili MR, Malik AA, Shah RA, Khan HM, Choudhury AR, Naikoo M, Lone FA, Malik A. In vitro Assessment of Tris Egg Yolk and Soybean Lecithin Based Extenders for Cryopreservation of Crossbred Ram Semen. Cryo Letters 2021; 42:73-80. [PMID: 33970983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replacement of egg yolk with alternative plant-derived soybean lecithin is gaining interest in both animal and human sperm cryopreservation owing to biosecurity issues with egg yolk based extenders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the comparative effect of egg yolk and soyabean lecithin based extenders on the quality of cryopreserved crossbred ram semen. METHODS Pooled ejaculates (total ejaculates = 36) were divided into two aliquots and extended with Tris egg yolk extender (Tris extender) and soybean lecithin based commercial extender (Ovixcell) RESULTS: Among the two extenders, Ovixcell showed better sperm quality both at the pre-freeze (Sperm motility) and post-thaw stages. Lower malondialdehyde (MDA) level (nmol/mL) was observed in Ovixcell as compared to Tris extender. Both sperm quality and MDA level decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from pre-freeze to post-thaw in both the extenders. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that Ovixcell is a comparable alternative to Tris extender for the cryopreservation of crossbred ram semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khatun
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - M R Fazili
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A A Malik
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R A Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H M Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goats (MRCSG), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A R Choudhury
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M Naikoo
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - F A Lone
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A Malik
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shere-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Misgar RA, Bhat MH, Rather TA, Masoodi SR, Wani AI, Bashir MI, Wani MA, Malik AA. Primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1493-1498. [PMID: 32253728 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The true association between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and pancreatitis continues to be controversial. In this study, we present clinical data, investigative profile, management and follow-up of PHPT patients with pancreatitis and compare this group with PHPT patients without pancreatitis. METHODS Records of 242 patients with PHPT managed at our center over 24 years were retrospectively analyzed for demographic and laboratory data. The diagnosis of pancreatitis was entertained in the presence of at least two of the three following features: abdominal pain, levels of serum amylase greater than three times the normal or characteristic features at imaging. RESULTS Fifteen (6.19%) of the 242 consecutive patients with PHPT had had pancreatitis. Fourteen patients (93.3%) had acute pancreatitis (AP), while one patient had chronic calcific pancreatitis. Over half (8 of 14) of the patients with AP had at least two episodes of pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was the presenting symptom in 14 (93.3%) patients. None of the pancreatitis cases had additional risk factors for pancreatitis. PHPT patients with pancreatitis had significantly higher serum calcium and ALP than PHPT patients without pancreatitis. After successful parathyroidectomy, 14 patients had no further attacks of pancreatitis during a median follow-up of 16 months (range 2-41 months), while recurrence of pancreatitis was seen in one patient. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pancreatitis can be the only presenting complaint of PHPT. Our study highlights the importance of fully investigating for PHPT in any pancreatitis patient with high normal or raised serum calcium level, especially in the absence of other common causes of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Misgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
| | - M H Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - T A Rather
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - S R Masoodi
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - A I Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - M I Bashir
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - M A Wani
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - A A Malik
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, in particular its stiffness, are known to impact cell migration. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of a single cell migrating on an elastic matrix, which accounts for the deformation of the matrix induced by forces exerted by the cell, and investigate how the stiffness impacts the direction and speed of migration. We model a cell in 1D as a nucleus connected to a number of adhesion sites through elastic springs. The cell migrates by randomly updating the position of its adhesion sites. We start by investigating the case where the cell springs are constant, and then go on to assuming that they depend on the matrix stiffness, on matrices of both uniform stiffness as well as those with a stiffness gradient. We find that the assumption that cell springs depend on the substrate stiffness is necessary and sufficient for an efficient durotactic response. We compare simulations to recent experimental observations of human cancer cells exhibiting durotaxis, which show good qualitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - B Wennberg
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Gerlee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Malik AA, Amanullah F, Codlin AJ, Siddiqui S, Jaswal M, Ahmed JF, Saleem S, Khurshid A, Hussain H. Improving childhood tuberculosis detection and treatment through facility-based screening in rural Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:851-857. [PMID: 29991392 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Many children with tuberculosis (TB) remain undiagnosed due to the absence of services, lack of child-friendly diagnostics and underappreciation of TB as a common cause of childhood illness. OBJECTIVE To show the impact of systematic verbal screening and contact tracing with appropriate management services on TB case finding in pediatric populations. DESIGN Between October 2014 and March 2016, children were verbally screened at the pediatric out-patient departments of four public hospitals in Jamshoro District, Pakistan. Children with symptoms or risk of TB were referred for clinical evaluation and free chest X-ray and bacteriological tests. Children with TB were started on treatment and their care givers asked to bring household members to the hospital for screening. RESULTS Over 105 000 children were verbally screened and 5880 presumptive childhood TB patients were identified; 1417 children (prevalence 1.3%) were diagnosed with TB; 43% were female. The median age was 5 years; 82% had pulmonary TB. An additional 390 children with TB were diagnosed through contact tracing. These activities resulted in a three-fold increase in pediatric TB case notifications. CONCLUSION Systematic verbal screening with clinical evaluation and free diagnostics can identify children with TB who may otherwise be missed in rural health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Interactive Research and Development, Pakistan, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Amanullah
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network, Interactive Research and Development, Pakistan
| | | | - S Siddiqui
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network
| | - M Jaswal
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network
| | - J F Ahmed
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network
| | - S Saleem
- Global Health Directorate, Indus Health Network
| | - A Khurshid
- Provincial TB Control Program, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - H Hussain
- Interactive Research and Development, Pakistan
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Amanullah F, Malik AA. Unmasking childhood tuberculosis in Pakistan: efforts to improve detection and management. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19 Suppl 1:47-49. [PMID: 26564541 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is getting increasing global attention, as tuberculous infection and TB disease in children indicate ongoing transmission in the community. In this note from the field, we highlight issues in child TB detection, management and prevention; child TB underdiagnosis, under-reporting and lack of integration with the National TB Programme are the main challenges faced in rural settings in Pakistan. We provide examples of solutions to overcome some of these challenges and enable early TB diagnosis, effective management and disease prevention in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Malik
- Interactive Research and Development, Karachi, Pakistan
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20
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Abstract
Pre-existing cardiac disease contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality amongst patients undergoing non cardiac surgery. Patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or with risk factors for it, have as much as a 3.9% risk of suffering a major perioperative cardiac event (Lee et al 1999, Devereaux 2005). Furthermore, the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) is increased 10 to 50 fold in patients with previous coronary events (Jassal 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Aresti
- Trauma & Orthopaedics, Royal London Hospital, Percivall Pott Rotation, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB.
| | - A A Malik
- SpR Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
| | | | - S M E Aftab
- SpR Spinal Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
| | - W S Khan
- University College London Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore
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21
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Yamamoto SS, Phalkey R, Malik AA. A systematic review of air pollution as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in South Asia: limited evidence from India and Pakistan. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 217:133-44. [PMID: 24064368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major contributors to mortality and morbidity in South Asia. Chronic exposure to air pollution is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, although the majority of studies to date have been conducted in developed countries. Both indoor and outdoor air pollution are growing problems in developing countries in South Asia yet the impact on rising rates of CVD in these regions has largely been ignored. We aimed to assess the evidence available regarding air pollution effects on CVD and CVD risk factors in lower income countries in South Asia. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Our inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed, original, empirical articles published in English between the years 1990 and 2012, conducted in the World Bank South Asia region (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). This resulted in 30 articles. Nine articles met our inclusion criteria and were assessed for this systematic review. Most of the studies were cross-sectional and examined measured particulate matter effects on CVD outcomes and indicators. We observed a bias as nearly all of the studies were from India. Hypertension and CVD deaths were positively associated with higher particulate matter levels. Biomarkers of oxidative stress such as increased levels of P-selection expressing platelets, depleted superoxide dismutase and reactive oxygen species generation as well as elevated levels of inflammatory-related C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were also positively associated with biomass use or elevated particulate matter levels. An important outcome of this investigation was the evidence suggesting important air pollution effects regarding CVD risk in South Asia. However, too few studies have been conducted. There is as an urgent need for longer term investigations using robust measures of air pollution with different population groups that include a wider range of air pollutants and outcomes, including early indicators of CVD. These regions are facing burdens from increasing urbanization, air pollution and populations, generally weaker health infrastructure, aging populations and increased incidence of non-communicable diseases, included CVD. The extent to which the problem of air pollution and CVD will impact these countries will depend largely on the information available to inform policy and programs, which are still lacking, political will as well as social and economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Yamamoto
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - R Phalkey
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Malik
- Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
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22
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Aslam MN, Sudár S, Hussain M, Malik AA, Shah HA, Qaim SM. Evaluation of excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on enriched tellurium isotopes with special relevance to the production of iodine-124. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1760-73. [PMID: 20338771 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cross-section data for the production of medically important radionuclide (124)I via five proton and deuteron induced reactions on enriched tellurium isotopes were evaluated. The nuclear model codes, STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS, were used for consistency checks of the experimental data. Recommended excitation functions were derived using a well-defined statistical procedure. Therefrom integral yields were calculated. The various production routes of (124)I were compared. Presently the (124)Te(p,n)(124)I reaction is the method of choice; however, the (125)Te(p,2n)(124)I reaction also appears to have great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Aslam
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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23
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Abstract
Acute compartment syndrome is a life and limb threatening condition. Clinical assessment is the diagnostic cornerstone of compartment syndrome but pressure monitoring also has a role in equivocal cases, in unconscious or uncooperative patients, and in patients with nerve blocks and other forms of regional and epidural anesthesia. A high degree of suspicion and early decompression of all compartments at risk are important for a satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
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24
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Khan WS, Agarwal M, Malik AA, Cox AG, Denton J, Holt EM. Chromium, cobalt and titanium metallosis involving a Nottingham shoulder replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 90:502-5. [PMID: 18378928 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.90b4.20302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Metallosis after shoulder replacement has not previously been described in the literature. We report a patient who developed extensive metallosis after implantation of an uncemented Nottingham shoulder replacement. He underwent a revision procedure. Examination of the retrieved prosthesis showed that the titanium porous coating was separating from the humeral stem and becoming embedded in the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene glenoid component, resulting in abrasive wear of the humeral component. There was metallosis despite exchange of the modular humeral head. Both components had to be exchanged to resolve the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Khan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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25
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case report of spinal cord dysfunction following meningococcal meningitis. OBJECTIVES To describe a rare complication of meningococcal meningitis. SETTING Spinal Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS A young healthy male developed meningococcal meningitis followed by acute onset low thoracic flaccid paraplegia with complete motor and sensory loss and sphincter disturbance. He responded well to antibiotics but was not investigated for causes of paraplegia. While at home in a rural area, he developed pressure ulcers, anemia and depression. Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine and computed tomography scan of the brain performed after 4 and 10 weeks were normal. RESULTS The patient had a comprehensive rehabilitation at our institute. Recovery was complicated by ossification in the right thigh, which responded well to radiotherapy. At 1-year follow-up, the motor deficit and neurogenic bladder and bowel persisted and the patient remained wheelchair dependent for mobility. CONCLUSION Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain spinal cord damage after meningitis. These include spinal cord infarction; autoimmune-mediated inflammatory myelopathy and direct infection of the cord. Most probable cause of spinal cord dysfunction in this case was thoracic myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F A Rathore
- Spinal Rehabilitation Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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26
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Abstract
Neglected fracture dislocations of ankle are rare in western countries. Failure to achieve anatomic reduction is associated with a poor prognosis. We present a case of a patient with a neglected Weber B fracture of the fibula with postero-lateral subluxation of the ankle. In theatre, the subluxation could not be reduced, and a posterior and lateral soft tissue release was performed. Granulation tissue was removed from the medial gutter. The fibular fracture was reduced and fixed with a six-hole dynamic compression plate. Post-operative radiographs was satisfactory and the patient was followed up for 12 months with full range of movement and function of the joint. In our case, correction was not obtained by osteotomy of the lateral malleolus alone, and medial and posterior soft tissue release was required. This was due to disruption of the deltoid ligament and posterior tibiofibular ligament and the associated scar tissue. Previous studies have shown that, if anatomic reduction is achieved, results with delayed surgery can be as good as those obtained with immediate surgery. Surgically correcting an old fracture dislocation is a difficult undertaking due to soft-tissue contractures and malunited fractures. It is important to preserve as much soft tissue attachments and periosteum to prevent avascular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Khan
- Department of orthopaedics & trauma, Stepping hill hospital, Stockport, UK
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27
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. OBJECTIVES To identify the epidemiological features specific to spinal injuries as a result of an earthquake. SETTINGS Rawalpindi, Pakistan in the months after the 8 October 2005 earthquake. METHODS In the month after the earthquake, the one established rehabilitation center was augmented with two makeshift spinal cord centers. Information on mechanism of injury, mode of evacuation, associated injuries was gathered, and a detailed clinical and radiological assessment was performed. Neurological status and functional outcome was determined after 10 weeks. RESULTS Of an estimated 650-750 spinal cord injuries, 187 were admitted to these centers, including 80 men and 107 women with a mean age of 28.3+/-12.4 years. Injuries occurred while standing in 57.8% of patients. Most (83.4%) who reached the spinal cord center were airlifted. A urinary catheter had been placed before admission in 91.5%. Most of the patients were paraplegic 89.3, with 50.8% incomplete injuries. Fracture or fracture dislocation was present in 70, and 75% underwent spinal fixation. Although pressure ulcers (28.9%) and urinary tract infections (39%) were common, deep venous thromboses (4.8%) and depression (5.8%) were seldom detected. At 10 weeks, 75% were continent or performing intermittent catheterization. There were no deaths and two births. CONCLUSION After a disaster, evacuation of persons with a spinal cord injury to a specialized center results in low mortality. Response planning for disasters should include early aggressive medical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F A Rathore
- Spinal Rehabilitation Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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28
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis with protean manifestations may simulate almost any other acute abdominal illness and in turn may be mimicked by a variety of conditions. Progression of symptoms and signs is usual in contrast to the fluctuating course of some other diseases that lead to heavy morbidity and mortality. METHODS A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis was established by Alvarado in 1986 and was assessed in this study for its accuracy in pre-operative diagnosis. The usefulness of this scoring system in reducing the evaluated negative appendicectomy rate of acute appendicitis in 91 patients, diagnosed by clinical parameters only, over a period of 12 months is determined. RESULTS A total of 106 patients underwent Alvarado scoring in emergency surgical service at SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar Kashmir, India. CONCLUSIONS The high scores in men and children were found to be an easy and satisfactory aid in the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but a high false-positive rate for acute appendicitis was found in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Department of General Surgery, SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar Kashmir, India
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29
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Menzies AR, Osman ME, Malik AA, Baldwin TC. A comparison of the physicochemical and immunological properties of the plant gum exudates of Acacia senegal (gum arabic) and Acacia seyal (gum tahla). Food Addit Contam 1996; 13:991-9. [PMID: 8950118 DOI: 10.1080/02652039609374485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The physiochemical and immunological properties of three Sudanese gum arabic samples and four gum tahla samples (two Sudanese, one West African and one Tanzanian--Acacia seyal var. seyal) were compared. The optical rotation (ca -30 degrees) and rhamnose (12-14%), arabinose (24-29%), galactose (36-42%), glucuronic acid (16-17%), nitrogen (0.327-0.365%) and protein (2.16-2.41%) contents of the gum arabic samples were consistent with the FAO (1990) specification for Acacia gum. In contrast the gum tahla samples had positive [alpha]D values (+45 degrees to +54 degrees), lower rhamnose (3-4%) and higher arabinose (41-45%) contents and lower nitrogen (0.147-0.175%), and hence protein (0.97-1.15%), contents. All of the gum arabic samples precipitated with beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent and hence were shown to contain arabinogalactan-protein(s) (AGPs), whereas in all but one of the gum tahla samples AGPs were not detected. The strong interaction of gum tahla with a monoclonal antibody known to recognize arabinose residues present in AGPs and arabinogalactans (AGs) was consistent with the observed higher levels of arabinose present in the gum tahla samples relative to the gum arabic samples. The data presented confirm that there are a number of physicochemical and structural differences between gum arabic (A. senegal gum) and gum tahla (A. seyal gum), and that a quick and simple immunological technique (immunodot blots) using an antiAGP/AG monoclonal antibody (MAC 207) could be used to screen for the presence of gum tahla in gum arabic consignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Menzies
- Research Division, North East Wales Institute, Clwyd, UK
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- R D London
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, 10029
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