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Du Toit J, Storath K, Dunn I, Makekeng P, Moosa M, Mothibi K, Umuneza N, Rees CA, Blau D, Lala S, Adam Y, Velaphi S, Hale M, Swart P, Wadula J, Mothibi L, Wise A, Baba V, Jaglal P, Mahtab S, Madhi S, Dangor Z. Experience on postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling to ascertain the cause of death determination in South African children: A case for implementing as standard of care. S Afr Med J 2024; 114:e1538. [PMID: 38525575 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2024.v114i2.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the death burden for prioritising public health interventions necessitates detailed data on the causal pathways to death. Postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), incorporating histology, molecular and microbial culture diagnostics, enhances cause-of-death attribution, particularly for infectious deaths. MITS proves a valid alternative to full diagnostic autopsies, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Soweto, South Africa (SA), the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) programme has delineated over 1 000 child and stillbirth deaths since 2017. This SA CHAMPS site supports advocating for the use of postmortem MITS as routine practice, for more granular insights into under-5 mortality causes. This knowledge is crucial for SA's pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 3.2, targeting reduced neonatal and under-5 mortality rates. This commentary explores the public health advantages and ethicolegal considerations surrounding implementing MITS as standard of care for stillbirths, neonatal and paediatric deaths in SA. Furthermore, based on the data from CHAMPS, we present three pragmatic algorithmic approaches to the wide array of testing options for cost-effectiveness and scalability of postmortem MITS in South African state facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Du Toit
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - K Storath
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - I Dunn
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - P Makekeng
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - M Moosa
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - K Mothibi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - N Umuneza
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - C A Rees
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA.
| | - D Blau
- Global Health Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
| | - S Lala
- Office for Teaching and Learning; and Paediatric Education and Research Ladder, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Y Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic HospitalJohannesburg, South Africa.
| | - S Velaphi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - M Hale
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - P Swart
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - J Wadula
- epartment of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - L Mothibi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - A Wise
- Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - V Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - P Jaglal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - S Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - S Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Z Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Smitherman EA, Chahine RA, Beukelman T, Lewandowski LB, Rahman AKMF, Wenderfer SE, Curtis JR, Hersh AO, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar‐Smiley F, Barillas‐Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell‐Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang‐Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel‐Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie‐Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui‐Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein‐Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PM, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen‐Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O'Brien B, O'Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O'Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei‐Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan‐Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas‐Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth‐Wojcicki E, Rouster – Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert‐Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner‐Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Childhood-Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short-Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1553-1562. [PMID: 36775844 PMCID: PMC10500561 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to characterize short-term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis. METHODS We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded. RESULTS We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8-29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers. CONCLUSION In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short-term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long-term kidney outcomes.
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McPeake J, Blayney M, Stewart N, Kaye C, Chan Seem R, Hall R, Martin C, Paton M, Wise A, Puxty K, Lone N. COVID-19 infection and maternal morbidity in critical care units in Scotland: a national cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 53:103613. [PMID: 36564271 PMCID: PMC9715259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that, in comparison with non-pregnant women of reproductive age, pregnant women with COVID-19 are more likely to be admitted to critical care, receive invasive ventilation, and die. At present there are limited data in relation to outcomes and healthcare utilisation following hospital discharge of pregnant and recently pregnant women admitted to critical care. METHODS A national cohort study of pregnant and recently pregnant women who were admitted to critical care in Scotland with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. We examined hospital outcomes as well as hospital re-admission rates. RESULTS Between March 2020 and March 2022, 75 pregnant or recently pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to 24 Intensive Care Units across Scotland. Almost two thirds (n=49, 65%) were from the most deprived socio-economic areas. Complete 90-day acute hospital re-admission data were available for 74 (99%) patients. Nine (12%) women required an emergency non-obstetric hospital re-admission within 90 days. Less than 5% of the cohort had received any form of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS This national cohort study has demonstrated that pregnant or recently pregnant women admitted to critical care with COVID-19 were more likely to reside in areas of socio-economic deprivation, and fewer than 5% of the cohort had received any form of vaccination. More targeted public health campaigning across the socio-economic gradient is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. McPeake
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, UK,Corresponding author at: Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St., Glasgow, G4 OSF, UK
| | - M.C. Blayney
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK,Public Health Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K. Puxty
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK,University of Glasgow, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Scotland, UK
| | - N.I. Lone
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK,NHS Lothian, Scotland, UK
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Hahn T, Daymont C, Beukelman T, Groh B, Hays K, Bingham CA, Scalzi L, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Intraarticular steroids as DMARD-sparing agents for juvenile idiopathic arthritis flares: Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 36434731 PMCID: PMC9701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who achieve a drug free remission often experience a flare of their disease requiring either intraarticular steroids (IAS) or systemic treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). IAS offer an opportunity to recapture disease control and avoid exposure to side effects from systemic immunosuppression. We examined a cohort of patients treated with IAS after drug free remission and report the probability of restarting systemic treatment within 12 months. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of patients from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry who received IAS for a flare after a period of drug free remission. Historical factors and clinical characteristics and of the patients including data obtained at the time of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of those with follow up data available 49% had restarted systemic treatment 6 months after IAS injection and 70% had restarted systemic treatment at 12 months. The proportion of patients with prior use of a biologic DMARD was the only factor that differed between patients who restarted systemic treatment those who did not, both at 6 months (79% vs 35%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (81% vs 33%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION While IAS are an option for all patients who flare after drug free remission, it may not prevent the need to restart systemic treatment. Prior use of a biologic DMARD may predict lack of success for IAS. Those who previously received methotrexate only, on the other hand, are excellent candidates for IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children's Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA, 17033-0855, USA.
| | - Carrie Daymont
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | - Timothy Beukelman
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPN G10, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Brandt Groh
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | | | - Catherine April Bingham
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | - Lisabeth Scalzi
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
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Masterson JA, Adamestam I, Beatty M, Boardman JP, Johnston P, Joss J, Lawrence H, Litchfield K, Walsh TS, Wise A, Wood R, Weir CJ, Denison FC, Lone NI. Severe maternal morbidity in Scotland. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:971-980. [PMID: 35820195 PMCID: PMC9544155 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using a cohort study design, we analysed 17 diagnoses and 9 interventions (including critical care admission) as a composite measure of severe maternal morbidity for pregnancies recorded over 14 years in Scotland. There were 762,918 pregnancies, of which 7947 (10 in 1000 pregnancies) recorded 9345 severe maternal morbidity events, 2802 episodes of puerperal sepsis being the most common (30%). Severe maternal morbidity incidence increased from 9 in 1000 pregnancies in 2012 to 17 in 1000 pregnancies in 2018, due in part to puerperal sepsis recording. The odds ratio (95%CI) for severe maternal morbidity was higher for: older women, for instance 1.22 (1.13-1.33) for women aged 35-39 years and 1.44 (1.27-1.63) for women aged > 40 years compared with those aged 25-29 years; obese women, for instance 1.13 (1.06-1.21) for BMI 30-40 kg.m-2 and 1.32 (1.15-1.51) for BMI > 40 kg.m-2 compared with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg.m-2 ; multiple pregnancy, 2.39 (2.09-2.74); and previous caesarean delivery, 1.52 (1.40-1.65). The median (IQR [range]) hospital stay was 3 (2-5 [1-8]) days with severe maternal morbidity and 2 (1-3 [1-5]) days without. Forty-one women died during pregnancy or up to 42 days after delivery, representing mortality rates per 100,000 pregnancies of about 365 with severe maternal morbidity and 1.6 without. There were 1449 women admitted to critical care, 807 (58%) for mechanical ventilation or support of at least two organs. We recorded an incidence of severe maternal morbidity higher than previously published, possibly because sepsis was coded inaccurately in our databases. Further research may determine the value of this composite measure of severe maternal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Masterson
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - M. Beatty
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghUK
| | - J. P. Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghUK
| | - P. Johnston
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineNinewells HospitalDundeeUK
| | - J. Joss
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineNinewells HospitalDundeeUK
| | | | - K. Litchfield
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineGlasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - T. S. Walsh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghUK
- Usher InstituteUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - A. Wise
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghUK
| | - R. Wood
- Usher InstituteUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Public Health ScotlandGlasgowUK
| | - C. J. Weir
- Usher InstituteUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - F. C. Denison
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghUK
| | - N. I. Lone
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghUK
- Usher InstituteUniversity of EdinburghUK
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Estrada LD, Ağaç Çobanoğlu D, Wise A, Maples RW, Çobanoğlu MC, Farrar JD. Adrenergic signaling controls early transcriptional programs during CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272017. [PMID: 35944008 PMCID: PMC9362915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine is a key sympathetic neurotransmitter, which acts to suppress CD8 + T cell cytokine secretion and lytic activity by signaling through the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Although ADRB2 signaling is considered generally immunosuppressive, its role in regulating the differentiation of effector T cells in response to infection has not been investigated. Using an adoptive transfer approach, we compared the expansion and differentiation of wild type (WT) to Adrb2-/- CD8 + T cells throughout the primary response to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in vivo. We measured the dynamic changes in transcriptome profiles of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells as they responded to VSV. Within the first 7 days of infection, WT cells out-paced the expansion of Adrb2-/- cells, which correlated with reduced expression of IL-2 and the IL-2Rα in the absence of ADRB2. RNASeq analysis identified over 300 differentially expressed genes that were both temporally regulated following infection and selectively regulated in WT vs Adrb2-/- cells. These genes contributed to major transcriptional pathways including cytokine receptor activation, signaling in cancer, immune deficiency, and neurotransmitter pathways. By parsing genes within groups that were either induced or repressed over time in response to infection, we identified three main branches of genes that were differentially regulated by the ADRB2. These gene sets were predicted to be regulated by specific transcription factors involved in effector T cell development, such as Tbx21 and Eomes. Collectively, these data demonstrate a significant role for ADRB2 signaling in regulating key transcriptional pathways during CD8 + T cells responses to infection that may dramatically impact their functional capabilities and downstream memory cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D. Estrada
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Didem Ağaç Çobanoğlu
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Aaron Wise
- Encodia Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Maples
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Murat Can Çobanoğlu
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - J. David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Soulsby WD, Balmuri N, Cooley V, Gerber LM, Lawson E, Goodman S, Onel K, Mehta B, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Social determinants of health influence disease activity and functional disability in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35255941 PMCID: PMC8903717 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH) greatly influence outcomes during the first year of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease similar to polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). We investigated the correlation of community poverty level and other SDH with the persistence of moderate to severe disease activity and functional disability over the first year of treatment in pJIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. METHODS In this cohort study, unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear mixed effects models analyzed the effect of community poverty and other SDH on disease activity, using the clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-10, and disability, using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire, measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS One thousand six hundred eighty-four patients were identified. High community poverty (≥20% living below the federal poverty level) was associated with increased odds of functional disability (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.60) but was not statistically significant after adjustment (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.86) and was not associated with increased disease activity. Non-white race/ethnicity was associated with higher disease activity (aOR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.41-4.36). Lower self-reported household income was associated with higher disease activity and persistent functional disability. Public insurance (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.29) and low family education (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.12) was associated with persistent functional disability. CONCLUSION High community poverty level was associated with persistent functional disability in unadjusted analysis but not with persistent moderate to high disease activity. Race/ethnicity and other SDH were associated with persistent disease activity and functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Daniel Soulsby
- University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Nayimisha Balmuri
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Victoria Cooley
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Karen Onel
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Golkaram M, Salmans ML, Kaplan S, Vijayaraghavan R, Martins M, Khan N, Garbutt C, Wise A, Yao J, Casimiro S, Abreu C, Macedo D, Costa AL, Alvim C, Mansinho A, Filipe P, Marques da Costa P, Fernandes A, Borralho P, Ferreira C, Aldeia F, Malaquias J, Godsey J, So A, Pawlowski T, Costa L, Zhang S, Liu L. HERVs establish a distinct molecular subtype in stage II/III colorectal cancer with poor outcome. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:13. [PMID: 33589643 PMCID: PMC7884730 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. The extreme heterogeneity in survival rate is driving the need for new prognostic biomarkers. Human endogenous retroviruses (hERVs) have been suggested to influence tumor progression, oncogenesis and elicit an immune response. We examined multiple next-generation sequencing (NGS)-derived biomarkers in 114 CRC patients with paired whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WES and WTS, respectively). First, we demonstrate that the median expression of hERVs can serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis, relapse, and resistance to chemotherapy in stage II and III CRC. We show that hERV expression and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) synergistically stratify overall and relapse-free survival (OS and RFS): the median OS of the CD8-/hERV+ subgroup was 29.8 months compared with 37.5 months for other subgroups (HR = 4.4, log-rank P < 0.001). Combing NGS-based biomarkers (hERV/CD8 status) with clinicopathological factors provided a better prediction of patient survival compared to clinicopathological factors alone. Moreover, we explored the association between genomic and transcriptomic features of tumors with high hERV expression and establish this subtype as distinct from previously described consensus molecular subtypes of CRC. Overall, our results underscore a previously unknown role for hERVs in leading to a more aggressive subtype of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marta Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Casimiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Abreu
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Macedo
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Costa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília Alvim
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Mansinho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Filipe
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Marques da Costa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Afonso Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Borralho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Aldeia
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Malaquias
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Alex So
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Luis Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - Li Liu
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Zander M, Lewsey MG, Clark NM, Yin L, Bartlett A, Saldierna Guzmán JP, Hann E, Langford AE, Jow B, Wise A, Nery JR, Chen H, Bar-Joseph Z, Walley JW, Solano R, Ecker JR. Publisher Correction: Integrated multi-omics framework of the plant response to jasmonic acid. Nat Plants 2020; 6:1065. [PMID: 32694625 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zander
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lingling Yin
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hann
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Amber E Langford
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Jow
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Wise
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justin W Walley
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Zander M, Lewsey MG, Clark NM, Yin L, Bartlett A, Saldierna Guzmán JP, Hann E, Langford AE, Jow B, Wise A, Nery JR, Chen H, Bar-Joseph Z, Walley JW, Solano R, Ecker JR. Integrated multi-omics framework of the plant response to jasmonic acid. Nat Plants 2020; 6:290-302. [PMID: 32170290 PMCID: PMC7094030 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the systems-level actions of transcriptional responses to hormones provides insight into how the genome is reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we investigated the signalling pathway of the hormone jasmonic acid (JA), which controls a plethora of critically important processes in plants and is orchestrated by the transcription factor MYC2 and its closest relatives in Arabidopsis thaliana. We generated an integrated framework of the response to JA, which spans from the activity of master and secondary regulatory transcription factors, through gene expression outputs and alternative splicing, to protein abundance changes, protein phosphorylation and chromatin remodelling. We integrated time-series transcriptome analysis with (phospho)proteomic data to reconstruct gene regulatory network models. These enabled us to predict previously unknown points of crosstalk of JA to other signalling pathways and to identify new components of the JA regulatory mechanism, which we validated through targeted mutant analysis. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how a plant hormone remodels cellular functions and plant behaviour, the general principles of which provide a framework for analyses of cross-regulation between other hormone and stress signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zander
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lingling Yin
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hann
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Amber E Langford
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Jow
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Wise
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justin W Walley
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Zander M, Lewsey MG, Clark NM, Yin L, Bartlett A, Saldierna Guzmán JP, Hann E, Langford AE, Jow B, Wise A, Nery JR, Chen H, Bar-Joseph Z, Walley JW, Solano R, Ecker JR. Integrated multi-omics framework of the plant response to jasmonic acid. Nat Plants 2020; 6:290-302. [PMID: 32170290 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0605-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the systems-level actions of transcriptional responses to hormones provides insight into how the genome is reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we investigated the signalling pathway of the hormone jasmonic acid (JA), which controls a plethora of critically important processes in plants and is orchestrated by the transcription factor MYC2 and its closest relatives in Arabidopsis thaliana. We generated an integrated framework of the response to JA, which spans from the activity of master and secondary regulatory transcription factors, through gene expression outputs and alternative splicing, to protein abundance changes, protein phosphorylation and chromatin remodelling. We integrated time-series transcriptome analysis with (phospho)proteomic data to reconstruct gene regulatory network models. These enabled us to predict previously unknown points of crosstalk of JA to other signalling pathways and to identify new components of the JA regulatory mechanism, which we validated through targeted mutant analysis. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how a plant hormone remodels cellular functions and plant behaviour, the general principles of which provide a framework for analyses of cross-regulation between other hormone and stress signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zander
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lingling Yin
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hann
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Amber E Langford
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Jow
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Wise
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justin W Walley
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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12
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Udar N, Iyer A, Porter M, Haigis R, Smith S, Dhillon S, Meier K, Ward D, Lu J, Wenz P, Buchner L, Dunn T, Wise A, Mueller A, Gutekunst K. Development and Analytical Validation of a DNA Dual-Strand Approach for the US Food and Drug Administration-Approved Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Praxis Extended RAS Panel for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Samples. J Mol Diagn 2019; 22:159-178. [PMID: 31837434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A next-generation sequencing method was developed that can distinguish single-stranded modifications from low-frequency somatic mutations present on both strands of DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer samples. We applied this method for analytical validation of the Praxis Extended RAS Panel, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic for panitumumab, on the Illumina MiSeqDx platform. With the use of the TruSeq amplicon workflow, both strands of DNA from the starting material were interrogated independently. Mutations were reported only if found on both strands; artifacts usually present on only one strand would not be reported. A total of 56 mutations were targeted within the KRAS and NRAS genes. A minimum read depth of 1800× per amplicon is required per sample but averaged >30,000× at maximum multiplexing levels. Analytical validation studies were performed to determine the simultaneous detection of mutations on both strands, reproducibility, assay detection level, precision of the assay across various factors, and the impact of interfering substances. In conclusion, this assay can clearly distinguish single-stranded artifacts from low-frequency mutations. Furthermore, the assay is accurate, precise, and reproducible, can achieve consistent detection of a mutation at 5% mutation frequency, exhibits minimal impact from tested interfering substances, and can simultaneously detect 56 mutations in a single run using 10 samples plus controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Udar
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Anita Iyer
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California.
| | - Margaret Porter
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Robert Haigis
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Shannon Smith
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Shivani Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Kristen Meier
- Department of Biostatistics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Diane Ward
- Department of Biostatistics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Paul Wenz
- Department of Biostatistics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Leonard Buchner
- Department of Biostatistics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Tamsen Dunn
- Department of Bioinformatics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Aaron Wise
- Department of Bioinformatics, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Amy Mueller
- Department of Medical Affairs, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Karen Gutekunst
- Department of Clinical Genomics Assay Development and Oncology, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California
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Farrar JD, Estrada L, Agac D, Wise A, Maples R, Chen B, Cobanoglu MC. Memory CD8+ T Cell Development is Controlled by the Sympathetic Nervous System. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.116.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune memory is critical for protection from repeated infections by pathogenic organisms and is the basis for the success of vaccines. Memory CD8+ T cell development is guided by important signals that alter their function and transcriptional program, enabling them to persist as pools of primed memory cells capable of rapid response. Lymphoid organs are highly innervated by sympathetic neurons that secrete norepinephrine as the primary neurotransmitter, which places the nervous and immune systems in direct communication. CD8+ T cells express the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), and we found that it was required for the development of long-lived memory cells in response to virus infection. The failure of Adrb2−/− T cells to form memory populations correlated with profound differences in gene expression and predicted upstream regulators during the early stages of T cell priming. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system controls memory CD8+ T cell development through ADRB2 signaling.
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Wise A, Evans M. Secondary multicystic changes in the contralateral lung associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Aakko J, Kumar H, Rautava S, Wise A, Autran C, Bode L, Isolauri E, Salminen S. Human milk oligosaccharide categories define the microbiota composition in human colostrum. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:563-567. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse unconjugated glycans with a composition unique to each lactating mother. While HMOs have been shown to have an impact on the development of infant gut microbiota, it is not well known if HMOs also already affect milk microbial composition. To address this question, we analysed eleven colostrum samples for HMO content by high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiota composition by quantitative PCR. Higher total HMO concentration was associated with higher counts of Bifidobacterium spp. (ρ=0.63, P=0.036). A distinctive effect was seen when comparing different HMO groups: positive correlations were observed between sialylated HMOs and Bifidobacterium breve (ρ=0.84, P=0.001), and non-fucosylated/non-sialylated HMOs and Bifidobacterium longum group (ρ=0.65, P=0.030). In addition to associations between HMOs and bifidobacteria, positive correlations were observed between fucosylated HMOs and Akkermansia muciniphila (ρ=0.70, P=0.017), and between fucosylated/sialylated HMOs and Staphylococcus aureus (ρ=0.75, P=0.007). Our results suggest that the characterised HMOs have an effect on specific microbial groups in human milk. Both oligosaccharides and microbes provide a concise inoculum for the compositional development of the infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aakko
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinenpitkäkatu 4 A 5 krs., 20014 Turku, Finland
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - H. Kumar
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinenpitkäkatu 4 A 5 krs., 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S. Rautava
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - A. Wise
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - C. Autran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - L. Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - E. Isolauri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - S. Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinenpitkäkatu 4 A 5 krs., 20014 Turku, Finland
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Deras IL, Wise A, Zhao C, Glidewell-Kenney C, Le P, Aderhold EU, Gutekunst K. Abstract 3585: Determination of gene amplifications with a next-generation sequencing cancer panel. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
TruSight® Tumor 15* (TST15) uses next-generation sequencing technology to detect somatic point mutations, insertions, and deletions in 15 genes that are commonly mutated in solid tumors. It accurately detects low-frequency mutations with low DNA input and is optimized for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. The test is a multiplexed PCR panel that includes primers to support amplification detection in the EGFR, ERBB2, and MET genes.
Here we describe development of a bioinformatics analysis method to enable detection of these gene amplifications. DNA extracted from 31 FFPE samples with amplifications in EGFR, ERBB2, or MET—some with dual amplifications—were diluted with DNA extracted from 18 normal FFPE samples to create a total of 67 unique samples at low-level amplification. Undiluted and diluted samples were assessed for quality based on amplifiability (ΔCq or library yield) and tested with TST15. For comparison, the samples were also tested with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to determine the copy ratio of target to wild type. For amplifiable samples, the TST15 algorithm was able to detect amplifications in EGFR and ERBB2 at ddPCR ratios of 1.4 and 1.6, respectively. ddPCR was unable to accurately quantify low MET amplifications; therefore, expected ddPCR ratios were used for comparison. The TST15 algorithm was able to detect amplifications in MET samples at an expected ddPCR ratio of 1.3. Poor sample quality (i.e., high ΔCq or low library yield) impaired amplification detection. In some samples, the presence of multiple amplifications also impaired detection.
The addition of this algorithm to the TST15 workflow will allow researchers to more accurately characterize tumor samples by detecting somatic mutations and amplifications simultaneously.
*For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Citation Format: Ina L. Deras, Aaron Wise, Chen Zhao, Christine Glidewell-Kenney, Phillip Le, Elizabeth Upsall Aderhold, Karen Gutekunst. Determination of gene amplifications with a next-generation sequencing cancer panel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3585. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3585
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So A, Kaplan S, Wang NY, Zhang S, Wise A, Kruglyak K, Gutekunst K. Abstract 427: A path towards determining tumor mutation burden and identifying neoantigens using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The recent clinical demonstrations that cancer immunotherapy is effective for some patients, but not others has led to widespread interest in identifying cancer genetic factors that can predict positive response. Importantly, it has been shown by various studies that tumor mutation burden (TMB) and predicted neoantigen load correlate with patient response to checkpoint inhibitors. This project aims to develop a clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay that utilizes TMB and neoantigen information to guide cancer immunotherapy selection.
Experimental Procedures: Whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) libraries were generated using Illumina’s TruSeq® Exome and RNA Access library preparation kits, respectively. The samples were pair-end sequenced (2x75bp) using HiSeq® 2000 and 2500 instruments.
Data Summary: Here, we demonstrate a workflow using tumor/normal WES and tumor-only WTS to determine expressed TMB. Using the WES data, we were also able to accurately identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I genes at four-digit resolution. We then identified putative neoantigens, defined as peptides with mutated amino acids, that were expressed in the tumor samples and predicted to bind to the respective HLA sequences. In addition, as a path towards developing a clinical assay for TMB and neoantigen determination, we tested the ability of reagents developed for Illumina’s Trusight® Tumor 170 panel to be used for an exome panel. With workflow modifications, we achieved comparable quality of sequencing metrics as compared to the TruSeq® Exome kit.
Conclusion: Our data demonstrate a path towards developing a clinical assay that can be used to assess TMB and neoantigen candidates.
Citation Format: Alex So, Shannon Kaplan, Nai-yu Wang, Shile Zhang, Aaron Wise, Kristina Kruglyak, Karen Gutekunst. A path towards determining tumor mutation burden and identifying neoantigens using next-generation sequencing (NGS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-427
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Song L, Huang SSC, Wise A, Castanon R, Nery JR, Chen H, Watanabe M, Thomas J, Bar-Joseph Z, Ecker JR. A transcription factor hierarchy defines an environmental stress response network. Science 2017; 354:354/6312/aag1550. [PMID: 27811239 PMCID: PMC5217750 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are universally encountered by microbes, plants, and animals. Yet systematic studies of stress-responsive transcription factor (TF) networks in multicellular organisms have been limited. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) influences the expression of thousands of genes, allowing us to characterize complex stress-responsive regulatory networks. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we identified genome-wide targets of 21 ABA-related TFs to construct a comprehensive regulatory network in Arabidopsis thaliana Determinants of dynamic TF binding and a hierarchy among TFs were defined, illuminating the relationship between differential gene expression patterns and ABA pathway feedback regulation. By extrapolating regulatory characteristics of observed canonical ABA pathway components, we identified a new family of transcriptional regulators modulating ABA and salt responsiveness and demonstrated their utility to modulate plant resilience to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shao-Shan Carol Huang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Wise
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rosa Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marina Watanabe
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerushah Thomas
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Low S, Tan G, Han M, Tang B, Chang S, Wise A, Soong R, Bhattacharya B. Combination treatment with novel GLUT1 inhibitors and sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Genes are often combinatorially regulated by multiple transcription factors (TFs). Such combinatorial regulation plays an important role in development and facilitates the ability of cells to respond to different stresses. While a number of approaches have utilized sequence and ChIP-based datasets to study combinational regulation, these have often ignored the combinational logic and the dynamics associated with such regulation. Here we present cDREM, a new method for reconstructing dynamic models of combinatorial regulation. cDREM integrates time series gene expression data with (static) protein interaction data. The method is based on a hidden Markov model and utilizes the sparse group Lasso to identify small subsets of combinatorially active TFs, their time of activation, and the logical function they implement. We tested cDREM on yeast and human data sets. Using yeast we show that the predicted combinatorial sets agree with other high throughput genomic datasets and improve upon prior methods developed to infer combinatorial regulation. Applying cDREM to study human response to flu, we were able to identify several combinatorial TF sets, some of which were known to regulate immune response while others represent novel combinations of important TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wise
- Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Corbett D, Wise A, Birchall S, Warn P, Baines SD, Crowther G, Freeman J, Chilton CH, Vernon J, Wilcox MH, Vickers RJ. In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to SMT19969 and comparators, as well as the killing kinetics and post-antibiotic effects of SMT19969 and comparators against C. difficile. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1751-6. [PMID: 25652750 PMCID: PMC4498293 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SMT19969 is a novel antimicrobial under clinical development for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The objective was to determine the comparative susceptibility of 82 C. difficile clinical isolates (which included ribotype 027 isolates and isolates with reduced metronidazole susceptibility) to SMT19969, fidaxomicin, vancomycin and metronidazole and to determine the killing kinetics and post-antibiotic effects of SMT19969, fidaxomicin and vancomycin against C. difficile. METHODS MICs were determined by agar incorporation. Killing kinetics and post-antibiotic effects were determined against C. difficile BI1, 630 and 5325 (ribotypes 027, 012 and 078, respectively). RESULTS SMT19969 showed potent inhibition of C. difficile (MIC90=0.125 mg/L) and was markedly more active than either metronidazole (MIC90 = 8 mg/L) or vancomycin (MIC90 = 2 mg/L). There were no differences in susceptibility to SMT19969 between different ribotypes. Fidaxomicin was typically one doubling dilution more active than SMT19969 and both agents maintained activity against isolates with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole. In addition, SMT19969 was bactericidal against the C. difficile strains tested, with reductions in viable counts to below the limit of detection by 24 h post-inoculation. Vancomycin was bacteriostatic against all three strains. Fidaxomicin was bactericidal although reduced killing was observed at concentrations <20 × MIC against C. difficile BI1 (ribotype 027) compared with other strains tested. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SMT19969 is associated with potent and bactericidal activity against the strains tested and support further investigation of SMT19969 as potential therapy for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corbett
- Evotec (UK), Williams House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SE, UK
| | - A Wise
- Evotec (UK), Williams House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SE, UK
| | - S Birchall
- Evotec (UK), Williams House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SE, UK
| | - P Warn
- Evotec (UK), Williams House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SE, UK
| | - S D Baines
- Department of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - G Crowther
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, The University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - J Freeman
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, The University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - C H Chilton
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, The University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - J Vernon
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, The University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - M H Wilcox
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, The University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - R J Vickers
- Summit plc, 85b Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
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Wise A, Bar-Joseph Z. SMARTS: reconstructing disease response networks from multiple individuals using time series gene expression data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 31:1250-7. [PMID: 25480376 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Current methods for reconstructing dynamic regulatory networks are focused on modeling a single response network using model organisms or cell lines. Unlike these models or cell lines, humans differ in their background expression profiles due to age, genetics and life factors. In addition, there are often differences in start and end times for time series human data and in the rate of progress based on the specific individual. Thus, new methods are required to integrate time series data from multiple individuals when modeling and constructing disease response networks. RESULTS We developed Scalable Models for the Analysis of Regulation from Time Series (SMARTS), a method integrating static and time series data from multiple individuals to reconstruct condition-specific response networks in an unsupervised way. Using probabilistic graphical models, SMARTS iterates between reconstructing different regulatory networks and assigning individuals to these networks, taking into account varying individual start times and response rates. These models can be used to group different sets of patients and to identify transcription factors that differentiate the observed responses between these groups. We applied SMARTS to analyze human response to influenza and mouse brain development. In both cases, it was able to greatly improve baseline groupings while identifying key relevant TFs that differ between the groups. Several of these groupings and TFs are known to regulate the relevant processes while others represent novel hypotheses regarding immune response and development. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Software and Supplementary information are available at http://sb.cs.cmu.edu/smarts/. CONTACT zivbj@cs.cmu.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wise
- Lane Center for Computational Biology and Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Lane Center for Computational Biology and Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Lane Center for Computational Biology and Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
Emotional self-efficacy (ESE) is an important aspect of emotional functioning, with current measures for children and adolescents focused on the measurement of self-beliefs in relation to the management of emotions. In the present study, we report the psychometric properties of the first adaptation of the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale for youth (Youth-ESES) that measures additional aspects of ESE, such as perceiving and understanding emotions and helping others modulate their emotions. Participants were 192 young adolescents aged 11 to 13 years from a U.K. state school. They completed the Youth-ESES and measures of ability emotional intelligence (EI) and cognitive ability. Results support the same four-factor structure that has been previously documented using the adult version of the ESES, with the four subscales being largely independent from cognitive ability and only moderately related to ability EI. However, the four subscales were less differentiated in the present study compared with adult data previously published, suggesting that there is a strong general factor underlying young adolescents’ ESE scores. Overall, the results suggest that the adapted Youth-ESES can be reliably used with youth, and that confidence in how a young person feels about his or her emotional functioning remains distinct from emotional skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Qualter
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | | | | | - A. Wise
- New Line Learning Academy, Maidstone, UK
| | - A. Wols
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Coupe N, Corrie P, Hategan M, Larkin J, Gore M, Gupta A, Wise A, Suter S, Ciria C, Love S, Collins L, Middleton M. A Phase 1, Dose Escalation Study of Paclitaxel with Gsk1120212 (Trametinib) for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu344.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prak S, Dahl MI, Oeurn S, Conkle J, Wise A, Laillou A. Breastfeeding trends in Cambodia, and the increased use of breast-milk substitute-why is it a danger? Nutrients 2014; 6:2920-30. [PMID: 25054552 PMCID: PMC4113769 DOI: 10.3390/nu6072920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional analysis of the Cambodia Demographic Health Surveys from 2000, 2005 and 2010 was conducted to observe the national trends in infant and young child feeding practices. The results showed that rates of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–5.9 months have increased substantially since 2000, concurrent with an increase in the rates of early initiation of breastfeeding and a reduction in the giving of pre-lacteal feeds. However, the proportion of infants being fed with breast-milk substitutes (BMS) during 0–5.9 months doubled in 5 years (3.4% to 7.0%) from 2000 to 2005, but then did not increase from 2005, likely due to extensive public health campaigns on exclusive breastfeeding. BMS use increased among children aged 6–23.9 months from 2000 to 2010 (4.8% to 9.3%). 26.1% of women delivering in a private clinic provided their child with breast-milk substitute at 0–5.9 months, which is five times more than women delivering in the public sector (5.1%), and the greatest increase in bottle use happened among the urban poor (5.8% to 21.7%). These findings are discussed with reference to the increased supply and marketing of BMS that is occurring in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophonneary Prak
- Maternal and Child Health Center, N° 31A, Rue de France (St. 47), 12202 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Miriam Iuell Dahl
- UNICEF, Maternal, Newborn Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 Street 75, 12202 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Sam Oeurn
- UNICEF, Maternal, Newborn Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 Street 75, 12202 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Joel Conkle
- UNICEF, Maternal, Newborn Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 Street 75, 12202 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Aaron Wise
- UNICEF, Maternal, Newborn Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 Street 75, 12202 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Arnaud Laillou
- UNICEF, Maternal, Newborn Child Health and Nutrition Section, No. 11 Street 75, 12202 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Gupta A, Love S, Schuh A, Shanyinde M, Larkin JM, Plummer R, Nathan PD, Danson S, Ottensmeier CH, Lorigan P, Collins L, Wise A, Asher R, Lisle R, Middleton MR. DOC-MEK: a double-blind randomized phase II trial of docetaxel with or without selumetinib in wild-type BRAF advanced melanoma. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:968-74. [PMID: 24567366 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for wild-type BRAF melanoma patients remain limited. Selumetinib, a MEK 1/2 inhibitor, suppresses pERK levels independent of BRAF and NRAS mutation status, and combination with docetaxel has demonstrated synergy in xenograft models. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of selumetinib plus docetaxel as first-line treatment in patients with wild-type BRAF advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this double-blind multicentre phase II trial patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma were randomized (1:1) to docetaxel with selumetinib or placebo. Docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously every 3 weeks up to six cycles. Selumetinib 75 mg or placebo was given orally twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Tumour NRAS mutation status was analysed retrospectively and correlated with treatment outcomes. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were randomized to docetaxel plus selumetinib (n = 41) or docetaxel plus placebo (n = 42). The PFS hazard ratio (HR) (selumetinib:placebo) was 0.75 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-1.14; P = 0.130], with a median PFS of 4.23 months (90% CI 3.63-6.90) for docetaxel plus selumetinib and 3.93 months (90% CI 2.07-4.16) for docetaxel alone. There was no significant difference in overall survival. The objective response rate was 32% with selumetinib versus 14% with placebo (P = 0.059). In a retrospective subset analysis, NRAS mutation status did not affect significantly upon clinical outcomes in either arm. The combination of docetaxel and selumetinib could be administered effectively to patients with metastatic melanoma, although the combination was less well tolerated than docetaxel alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of docetaxel with selumetinib showed no significant improvement in PFS compared with docetaxel alone, although more patients showed a response to combination therapy. We found no evidence to support using tumour NRAS mutation as a basis for selecting patients for combined MEK inhibitor and chemotherapy. CLINICAL TRIAL DOC-MEK (EudraCT no: 2009-018153-23).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wise
- School of Nutritional Science Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen
| | - Gillian M. Lockie
- School of Nutritional Science Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen
| | - Judith A. Liddell
- School of Nutritional Science Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology, Aberdeen
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Zhou Y, Vazquez A, Wise A, Warita T, Warita K, Bar-Joseph Z, Oltvai ZN. Carbon catabolite repression correlates with the maintenance of near invariant molecular crowding in proliferating E. coli cells. BMC Syst Biol 2013; 7:138. [PMID: 24330501 PMCID: PMC3924228 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is critical for optimal bacterial growth, and in bacterial (and yeast) cells it leads to their selective consumption of a single substrate from a complex environment. However, the root cause(s) for the development of this regulatory mechanism is unknown. Previously, a flux balance model (FBAwMC) of Escherichia coli metabolism that takes into account the crowded intracellular milieu of the bacterial cell correctly predicted selective glucose uptake in a medium containing five different carbon sources, suggesting that CCR may be an adaptive mechanism that ensures optimal bacterial metabolic network activity for growth. RESULTS Here, we show that slowly growing E. coli cells do not display CCR in a mixed substrate culture and gradual activation of CCR correlates with an increasing rate of E. coli cell growth and proliferation. In contrast, CCR mutant cells do not achieve fast growth in mixed substrate culture, and display differences in their cell volume and density compared to wild-type cells. Analyses of transcriptome data from wt E. coli cells indicate the expected regulation of substrate uptake and metabolic pathway utilization upon growth rate change. We also find that forced transient increase of intracellular crowding or transient perturbation of CCR delay cell growth, the latter leading to associated cell density-and volume alterations. CONCLUSIONS CCR is activated at an increased bacterial cell growth rate when it is required for optimal cell growth while intracellular macromolecular density is maintained within a narrow physiological range. In addition to CCR, there are likely to be other regulatory mechanisms of cell metabolism that have evolved to ensure optimal cell growth in the context of the fundamental biophysical constraint imposed by intracellular molecular crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoltán N Oltvai
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, S701 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Abstract
Motivation: With the vast increase in the number of gene expression datasets deposited in public databases, novel techniques are required to analyze and mine this wealth of data. Similar to the way BLAST enables cross-species comparison of sequence data, tools that enable cross-species expression comparison will allow us to better utilize these datasets: cross-species expression comparison enables us to address questions in evolution and development, and further allows the identification of disease-related genes and pathways that play similar roles in humans and model organisms. Unlike sequence, which is static, expression data changes over time and under different conditions. Thus, a prerequisite for performing cross-species analysis is the ability to match experiments across species. Results: To enable better cross-species comparisons, we developed methods for automatically identifying pairs of similar expression datasets across species. Our method uses a co-training algorithm to combine a model of expression similarity with a model of the text which accompanies the expression experiments. The co-training method outperforms previous methods based on expression similarity alone. Using expert analysis, we show that the new matches identified by our method indeed capture biological similarities across species. We then use the matched expression pairs between human and mouse to recover known and novel cycling genes as well as to identify genes with possible involvement in diabetes. By providing the ability to identify novel candidate genes in model organisms, our method opens the door to new models for studying diseases. Availability: Source code and supplementary information is available at: www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/aaronwis/cotrain12. Contact:zivbj@cs.cmu.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wise
- Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Reinsch BC, Levard C, Li Z, Ma R, Wise A, Gregory KB, Brown GE, Lowry GV. Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles decreases Escherichia coli growth inhibition. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:6992-7000. [PMID: 22296331 DOI: 10.1021/es203732x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation of metallic nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) released to the environment may be an important detoxification mechanism. Two types of AgNPs-an engineered polydisperse and aggregated AgNP powder, and a laboratory-synthesized, relatively monodisperse AgNP aqueous dispersion-were studied. The particles were sulfidized to varying degrees and characterized to determine the effect of initial AgNP polydispersity and aggregation state on AgNP sulfidation, and then exposed to Escherichia coli to determine if the degree of sulfidation of pristine AgNPs affects growth inhibition of bacteria. The extent of sulfidation was found to depend on the HS(-)/Ag ratio. However, for the same reaction times, the more monodisperse particles were fully transformed to Ag(2)S, and the polydisperse, aggregated particles were not fully sulfidized, thus preserving the toxic potential of Ag(0) in the aggregates. A higher Ag(2)S:Ag(0) ratio in the sulfidized nanoparticles resulted in less growth inhibition of E. coli over 6 h of exposure. These results suggest that the initial properties of AgNPs can affect sulfidation products, which in turn affect microbial growth inhibition, and that these properties should be considered in assessing the environmental impact of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Reinsch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Long PM, Wesley UV, Jaworski DM, Rana M, Kiehl TR, So K, Gould P, Ajewung N, Kamnasaran D, Emmett MR, Wang X, Marshall AG, Ji Y, Fokt I, Skora S, Conrad CA, Priebe W, Zhu H, Cao X, Keir S, Ali-Osman F, Lo HW, Da Fonseca CO, Arun V, Wiley JC, Kaur H, Guha A, Fenton K, Abdelwahab MG, Stafford P, Rho JM, Preul MC, Scheck AC, Brossier NM, Carroll SL, Gajadhar A, Guha A, Mukherjee J, Wolf A, Hawkins C, Guha A, Costa P, Cardoso ALC, de Almeida LP, de Lima MCP, Canoll P, Bruce J, Lavon I, Granit A, Einstein O, Ben-Hur T, Siegal T, Pang JC, Poon WS, Zhou L, Ng HK, Rovin RA, Lawrence JE, Segula JJ, Winn RJ, Patil S, Burzynski SR, Mrowczynski E, Grela K, Cheng S, Liu K, Feng H, Bacho R, Kazlauskas A, Smith EM, Symes K, Hu B, Lee CY, Fotovati A, Dunn SE, Proescholdt MA, Storr EM, Lohmeier A, Brawanski A, Hu B, Feng H, Jarzynka MJ, Liu K, Ravichandran KS, Vuori K, Tang C, Nshikawa R, Johns TG, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK, Cheng S, Zhong J, O'Neill GM, Deleyrolle LP, Rahman M, Dunbar EM, Caldeira MA, Reynolds BA, Liu X, Yacyshyn S, Dasgupta B, Han X, Yang X, Wheeler CG, Filippova N, Langford CP, Ding Q, Fathallah HM, Gillespie GY, Nabors LB, Davidson TB, Gortalum F, Ji L, Engell K, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S, Erdreich-Epstein A, Lawn SO, Weiss S, Senger D, Forsyth P, Latha K, Chumbalkar V, Li M, Gururaj A, Hwang Y, Maywald R, Dakeng S, Dao L, Baggerly K, Sawaya R, Aldape K, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Bogler O, Hwang Y, Chumbalkar V, Latha K, Bogler O, Gururaj A, Bogler O, Chumbalkar V, Arumugam J, Dao L, Baggerly K, Priebe W, Bogler O, Sim H, Pineda CA, Pan Y, Hu B, Viapiano MS, Van Schaick JA, Akagi K, Burkett S, DiFabio C, Tuskan R, Walrath J, Reilly K, Dai B, Jing Z, Kang SH, Li D, Xie K, Huang S, Gong X, Vuong Y, Bota DA, Stegh AH, Furnari F, Inda MDM, Bonavia R, Mukasa A, Narita Y, Sah D, Vandenberg S, Brennan C, Johns T, Bachoo R, Hadwiger P, Tan P, Tan P, DePinho R, Cavenee W, Kusne Y, Meerson A, Rushing EJ, Yang W, Aldape K, McDonough W, Kislin K, Loftus JC, Berens M, Lu Z, Ghosh S, Verma A, Zhou H, Chin S, Bruggers C, Kestle J, Khatua S, Broekman ML, Maas NS, Skog J, Breakefield XO, Sena-Esteves M, de Vrij J, Lamfers M, Maas N, Dirven C, Esteves M, Broekman M, Chidambaram A, Dumur CI, Graf M, Vanmeter TE, Fillmore HL, Broaddus WC, Silber J, Ozawa T, Kastenhuber E, Djaballah H, Holland EC, Huse JT, Wolf A, Agnihotri S, Munoz D, Hawkins C, Guha A, Han JE, Albesiano E, Pradilla G, Lim M, Alshami J, Sabau C, Seyed Sadr M, Anan M, Seyed Sadr E, Siu V, Del Maestro R, Trinh G, Le P, Petrecca K, Sonabend AM, Soderquist C, Lei L, Guarnieri P, Leung R, Yun J, Sisti J, Castelli M, Bruce S, Bruce R, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Phillips JJ, Huillard E, Polley MY, Rosen SD, Rowitch DH, Werb Z, Sarkar C, Jha P, Pathak P, Suri V, Sharma MC, Chattopadhyay P, Chosdol K, Suri A, Gupta D, Mahapatra AK, Kapoor GS, Zhan Y, Boockvar JA, O'Rourke DM, Kwatra MM, Kim JW, Park CK, Han JH, Park SH, Kim SK, Jung HW, Narayanan R, Levin BS, Maeder ML, Joung JK, Nutt CL, Louis DN, Dudley A, Jayaram P, Pei Z, Shi X, Laterra J, Watkins PA, Mawrin C, Rempel SA, McClung HM, McFarland BC, Nozell SE, Huszar D, Benveniste EN, Burton T, Eisenstat DD, Gibson SB, Lukiw WJ, Cui JG, Li YY, Zhao Y, Culicchia F, See W, Pieper R, Luchman A, Stechishin O, Nguyen S, Kelly J, Blough M, Cairncross G, Weiss S, Shah SR, Mohyeldin A, Adams H, Garzon-Muvdi T, Aprhys C, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Weeks AC, Restrepo A, Arun V, Ivanchuk S, Smith C, Rutka JT, Sengupta R, Yang L, Burbassi S, Zhang B, Markant SL, Yang ZJ, Meucci O, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Rubin JB, Wykosky J, Mukasa A, Chin L, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Auvergne RM, Sim FJ, Wang S, Chandler-Militello D, Burch J, Li X, Bennet A, Mohile N, Pilcher W, Walter K, Johnson M, Achanta P, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Natesan S, Goldman SA, Beauchamp AS, Gibo DM, Wykosky J, Debinski W, Jiang H, Martin V, Gomez-Manzano C, Johnson DG, Alonso M, White EJ, Xu J, McDonnell T, Shinojima N, Fueyo J, Sandhya Rani MR, Huang P, Prayson R, Hedayat H, Sloan AE, Novacki A, Ahluwalia MS, Tipps R, Gladson CL, Liu JL, Mao Z, Xu J, Fueyo J, Yung WKA, Bhat K, Salazar K, Balasubramaniyan V, Vaillant B, Hollingsworth F, Gumin J, Diefes K, Patel D, Lang F, Colman H, Aldape K, Parsyan A, Shahbazian D, Alain T, Martineau Y, Petroulakis E, Larsson O, Gkogkas C, Topisirovic I, Mathonnet G, Tettweiler G, Hellen C, Pestova T, Svitkin Y, Sonenberg N, Zerrouqi A, Pyrzynska B, Van Meir E, Twitty GB, Nozell SE, Hong SW, Benveniste EN, Lee HK, Finniss S, Xiang C, Cazacu S, Brodie C, Ginn KF, Wise A, Farassati F, Nozell SE, Hong SW, Twitty GB, McFarland BC, Benveniste EN, Brown C, Barish M, deCarvalho AC, Hasselbach L, Nelson K, Lemke N, Schultz L, Mikkelsen T, Onvani S, Kongkham P, Smith CA, Rutka JT, Bier A, Finniss S, Hershkovitz H, Kahana S, Xiang C, Cazacu S, Decarvalho A, Brodie C, Massey SC, Swanson KR, Canoll P. Cell Biology and Signaling. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ramsay C, Wise A. Visual Perception of Portion Size. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15428050903570858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Steaming retains vitamins and phytochemicals in vegetables better than boiling; thus, it is important to promote this cooking method. The present study aimed to determine what vegetable would be best to use in a campaign to promote steaming. METHODS Carrots, broccoli and green cabbage were boiled, steamed or microwave steamed. Untrained assessors (n = 50) evaluated the sensory properties of appearance, texture, taste and overall acceptability using a hedonic rating test on a scale from 1-9. Average scores for overall acceptability were calculated for each type of cooking according to the assessors' usual cooking method. RESULTS For all features, steaming and microwave steaming were rated significantly higher than boiling for broccoli (for acceptability 6.2 and 7.1 versus 5.1; P < 0.001), whereas carrots were similarly considered better for flavour and overall acceptability. Generally, cabbage was rated lower for all features, with no differences amongst the cooking methods (4.9-5.2 for acceptability). Only two of twenty-one subjects who usually boil vegetables preferred the boiled vegetables in the present study. CONCLUSIONS Generally, steaming and microwave steaming were preferred for certain vegetables, even by those who normally boil them. Barriers to change need to be considered when planning the promotion of steaming as a regular method of cooking vegetables, although it may be more convincing to use vegetables such as broccoli that are perceived as being most acceptable when steamed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rennie
- The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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Abstract
Weanling rats were fed low-fat (1% w/w safflower oil) or high-fat (1% w/w safflower oil plus 35% w/w beef fat or cocoa butter) diets for 30 days, and the activities of five cecal microbial enzymes were determined. When compared with the low-fat diet, beef fat significantly increased total cecal beta-glucuronidase activity, but cocoa butter, with a similar fatty acid composition, did not. Both high-fat diets significantly decreased total cecal azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, and nitrate reductase activities, but neither significantly affected urease activity. When expressed as specific activities (per 10(11) bacteria), cocoa butter decreased azoreductase, and beef fat caused increases of beta-glucuronidase and urease. Beef fat, but not cocoa butter, significantly reduced cecal bacterial numbers when compared to the low-fat diet. Both high-fat diets led to equivalent reductions in the proportion of aerobic bacteria.
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Hession M, Rolland C, Kulkarni U, Wise A, Broom J. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat/low-calorie diets in the management of obesity and its comorbidities. Obes Rev 2009; 10:36-50. [PMID: 18700873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies comparing the effects of low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets with low-fat/high-carbohydrate diets for obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. This systematic review focuses on randomized controlled trials of low-carbohydrate diets compared with low-fat/low-calorie diets. Studies conducted in adult populations with mean or median body mass index of > or =28 kg m(-2) were included. Thirteen electronic databases were searched and randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to March 2007 were evaluated. Trials were included if they lasted at least 6 months and assessed the weight-loss effects of low-carbohydrate diets against low-fat/low-calorie diets. For each study, data were abstracted and checked by two researchers prior to electronic data entry. The computer program Review Manager 4.2.2 was used for the data analysis. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. There were significant differences between the groups for weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols and systolic blood pressure, favouring the low-carbohydrate diet. There was a higher attrition rate in the low-fat compared with the low-carbohydrate groups suggesting a patient preference for a low-carbohydrate/high-protein approach as opposed to the Public Health preference of a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet. Evidence from this systematic review demonstrates that low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets are more effective at 6 months and are as effective, if not more, as low-fat diets in reducing weight and cardiovascular disease risk up to 1 year. More evidence and longer-term studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiovascular benefits from the weight loss achieved using these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hession
- Centre for Obesity Research and Epidemiology (CORE), Faculty of Heath and Social Care, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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Wigglesworth M, Lawless K, Standing D, Mackenzie E, Kitchen V, Mckay F, Ward E, Brough S, Stylianou M, Jewitt F, Mclaren-Douglas A, Jowet M, Tamayama N, Finnigan D, Ding J, Wise A. Use of Cryopreserved Cells for Enabling Greater Flexibility in Compound Profiling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:354-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057108317768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of intracellular calcium release following agonist challenge within cells expressing the relevant membrane protein is a commonly used format to derive structure-activity relationship (SAR) data within a compound profiling assay. The Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) has become the gold standard for this purpose. FLIPR traditionally uses cells that are maintained in continuous culture for compound profiling of iterative chemistry campaigns. This supply dictates that assays can only be run on 4 of 5 weekdays, or alternative cell culture machinery is required such that plating can occur remotely at the weekend. The data reported here demonstrate that high-quality compound profiling data can be generated from the use of cryopreserved cells and that these cells can also be plated at various densities to generate equivalent data between 24 and 72 h post-plating. Hence, the authors report a method that allows data generation throughout the week and without the requirement of highly automated cell culture or continuous culture. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:354-362)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.J. Standing
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - E.K. Mackenzie
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - V.R. Kitchen
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - F. Mckay
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | | | - S.J. Brough
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - M. Stylianou
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - F.R. Jewitt
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | | | - M.I. Jowet
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - N. Tamayama
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - D. Finnigan
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J. Ding
- Discovery Statistics, Upper Providence, Collegeville, PA
| | - A. Wise
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
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Wise A, Arregui-Fresneda I, Duncan L, Moalosi G. Visual Perception of Portion Size. Ecol Food Nutr 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03670240701702834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Williams KJ, Maes R, Del Piero F, Lim A, Wise A, Bolin DC, Caswell J, Jackson C, Robinson NE, Derksen F, Scott MA, Uhal BD, Li X, Youssef SA, Bolin SR. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: a newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease. Vet Pathol 2007; 44:849-62. [PMID: 18039898 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-6-849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease are poorly understood in horses; the causes of such conditions are rarely identified. Equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) is a gamma-herpesvirus of horses that has not been associated with disease in horses. Pathologic and virologic findings from 24 horses with progressive nodular fibrotic lung disease associated with EHV-5 infection are described and compared with 23 age-matched control animals. Gross lesions consisted of multiple nodules of fibrosis throughout the lungs. Histologically, there was marked interstitial fibrosis, often with preservation of an "alveolar-like" architecture, lined by cuboidal epithelial cells. The airways contained primarily neutrophils and macrophages. Rare macrophages contained large eosinophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies; similar inclusion bodies were also found cytologically. The inclusions were identified as herpesviral-like particles by transmission electron microscopy in a single horse. In situ hybridization was used to detect EHV-5 nucleic acids within occasional macrophage nuclei. With polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the herpesviral DNA polymerase gene was detected in 19/24 (79.2%) of affected horses and 2/23 (8.7%) of the control horses. Virus genera-specific PCR was used to detect EHV-5 in all of the affected horses and none of the control horses. EHV-2 was detected in 8/24 (33.3%) of affected horses and 1/9 (11.1%) of the control horses. This disease has not been reported before, and the authors propose that based upon the characteristic gross and histologic findings, the disease be known as equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we propose that this newly described disease develops in association with infection by the equine gamma-herpesvirus, EHV-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Williams
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Abstract
Drug discovery has successfully exploited the superfamily of seven transmembrane receptors (7TMR), with over 35% of clinically marketed drugs targeting them. However, it is clear that there remains an undefined potential within this protein family for successful drugs of the future. The human genome sequencing project identified approximately 720 genes that belong to the 7TMR superfamily. Around half of these genes encode sensory receptors, while the other half are potential drug targets. Natural ligands have been identified for approximately 215 of these, leaving 155 receptors classified as orphan 7TMRs having no known ligand. Deorphanisation of these receptors by identification of natural ligands has been the traditional method enabling target validation by use of these ligands as tools to define biological relevance and disease association. Such ligands have been paired with their cognate receptor experimentally by screening of small molecule and peptide ligands, reverse pharmacology and the use of bioinformatics to predict candidate ligands. In this manuscript, we review the methodologies developed for the identification of ligands at orphan 7TMRs and exemplify these with case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wigglesworth
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW Essex, UK.
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Abstract
Peliod hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in a domesticated ferret (Mustela putorius furo). The diagnosis was made using immunohistochemical analysis, histologic examination, and the accepted classification schemes based on histomorphologic features. Bilateral, adrenocortical hyperplasia also was evident. Speculation about a possible association between the variant of hepatocellular neoplasia diagnosed in this animal and its adrenal pathologic changes was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jones
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Soldati S, Kiupel M, Wise A, Maes R, Botteron C, Robert N. Meningoencephalomyelitis caused by Neospora caninum in a juvenile fallow deer (Dama dama). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:280-3. [PMID: 15485563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neosporosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, is a serious cause of bovine abortion, stillbirth and perinatal death. This paper reports a clinical neosporosis in a 3-week-old fallow deer (Dama dama). The fawn was full term and appeared normal at birth. Histological lesions consisted of a multifocal necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, with intralesional protozoal cysts. Positive immunohistochemical staining and characteristic PCR products confirmed the diagnosis of N. caninum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soldati
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute for Animal Pathology, VETSUISSE-Faculty, University of Berne, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Kiupel M, Simmons HA, Fitzgerald SD, Wise A, Sikarskie JG, Cooley TM, Hollamby SR, Maes R. West Nile virus infection in Eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Vet Pathol 2004; 40:703-7. [PMID: 14608026 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-6-703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States in 1999, the virus has rapidly spread westward and southward across the USA, causing high mortality in crows as well as sporadic mortality in horses, humans, and a wide variety of birds. In 2002 the epidemic widened as hundreds of equine and human cases and sporadic cases in other mammalian species were reported. This is the first report of WNV infection in three Eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Neurologic signs included head tilt, uncoordinated movement, paralysis, and tremors. Gross lesions were absent. Microscopic lesions consisted of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation involving the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Formalin-fixed tissues from the three squirrels were tested for WNV antigen by immunohistochemical staining and for WNV-specific RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The kidneys of all three squirrels stained positive with immunohistochemistry for WNV, whereas the brain and heart were positive in only one animal. Two of the three squirrels were positive for WNV by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, G300 VMC, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wise
- The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - L. Farmer
- The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - S. Mackenzie
- The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - A. McLeish
- The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Balfour D, Moody R, Wise A, Brown K. Food choice in response to computer‐generated nutrition information provided about meal selections in workplace restaurants. J Hum Nutr Diet 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.1996.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Balfour
- School of Food and Consumer Studies, The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen AB9 2PG, UK
| | - R. Moody
- School of Food and Consumer Studies, The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen AB9 2PG, UK
| | - A. Wise
- School of Food and Consumer Studies, The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen AB9 2PG, UK
| | - K. Brown
- School of Food and Consumer Studies, The Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen AB9 2PG, UK
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Abstract
Following identification of the human motilin receptor, we isolated the rabbit orthologue by PCR amplification and found this to be 85% identical to the open reading frame of the human receptor. The protein encoded was 84% identical to the human polypeptide. In HEK293T cells transfected with the rabbit receptor, motilin concentration-dependently increased intracellular calcium mobilisation (pEC50=9.25). After transfection with Go1alpha, motilin similarly stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding (pEC50=8.87). Using both systems, similar values were obtained with the human receptor, with rank-order potencies of motilin=[Nle13]-motilin>erythromycin; ghrelin was ineffective. In circular muscle preparations of rabbit gastric antrum, [Nle13]-motilin 0.1-30 nM concentration-dependently increased the amplitude of electrically-evoked, neuronally-mediated contractions (pEC50=8.3); higher concentrations increased the muscle tension (30-3000 nM). Both responses to [Nle13]-motilin faded rapidly during its continual presence. Rat or human ghrelin 0.01-10 microM were without activity. Erythromycin 30-3000 nM and 10 microM, respectively, increased neuronal activity and muscle tension in rabbit stomach. Unlike [Nle13]-motilin, the increase in neuronal activity did not fade during continual presence of submaximally-effective concentrations of erythromycin; some fade was observed at higher concentrations. We conclude that the pharmacology of the rabbit motilin receptor is similar to the human orthologue and, when expressed as a recombinant, comparable to the native receptor. However, in terms of their ability to increase neuronal activity in rabbit stomach, [Nle13]-motilin and erythromycin are distinguished by different response kinetics, reflecting different rates of ligand degradation and/or interaction with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Dass
- Department of Gastrointestinal Research, Neurology and Gastroenterology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Abstract
Nutrition education messages about eight different foods, four of them genuine and four false, were set in a Latin square and eight questionnaires were produced and distributed to customers sitting in a cafe. For each message, subjects were asked to score the extent of their agreement and compliance. Scores were adjusted to remove effects of sex, age group and social class. Correlation coefficients between agreement and compliance scores were significant (P < 0.001) for each message. Subjects who had correct knowledge tended towards correct behaviour and those who agreed with misconceptions tended to have incorrect behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A M Main
- The Robert Gordon University, St Andrew's St, Aberdeen, UK
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Abstract
A novel method is proposed for the design and analysis of a food frequency questionnaire facilitated by a computer program. The method relies on a weighed inventory undertaken by a sample of the population that is combined into a database along with the nutrient analyses of the foods consumed. The program provides an interface that enables the researcher to see the total amount of each food that was consumed, decide on what questions to ask and allocate the relevant foods to these questions. The approach means that all foods consumed can appear in the questionnaire. The nutrient analysis for each question is a weighted mean depending on the inventory. The portion weight employed for each question is derived from the weights of foods consumed in the inventory and any misperceptions in the frequency of consumption of all the subjects are corrected by calculating a factor to multiply by the frequency from the questionnaire. A viability study established the practicability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wise
- School of Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Queen's Road, Aberdeen, AB15 4PH, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that formation of functional type B gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(B)) receptors requires co-expression of two receptor subunits, GABA(B1) and GABA(B2). Despite the identification of these subunits and a number of associated splice variants, there has been little convincing evidence of pharmacological diversity between GABA(B) receptors comprising different subunit combinations. However, Ng et al. [Mol. Pharmacol., 59 (2000) 144] have recently suggested a novel and important pharmacological difference between GABA(B) receptor heterodimers expressing the GABA(B1a) and GABA(B1b) receptor subunits. This study suggested that the antiepileptic GABA analogue gabapentin (Neurontin) is an agonist at GABA(B) receptors expressing the GABA(B1a) but not the GABA(B1b) receptor subunit. The importance of this finding with respect to identifying novel GABA(B) receptor subunit specific agonists prompted us to repeat these experiments in our own [35S]-GTPgammaS binding and second messenger assay systems. Here we report that gabapentin was completely inactive at recombinant GABA(B) heterodimers expressing either GABA(B1a) or GABA(B1b) receptor subunits in combination with GABA(B2) receptor subunits. In addition, in both CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurones from rodent hippocampal slices we were unable to demonstrate any agonist-like effects of gabapentin at either pre- or post-synaptic GABA(B) receptors. In contrast, gabapentin activated a GABA(A) receptor mediated chloride conductance. Our data suggest that gabapentin is not a GABA(B)-receptor agonist let alone a GABA(B) receptor subunit selective agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lanneau
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park North, Third Avenue, Essex, CM19 5AW, Harlow, UK
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