1
|
Robbins LS, Szychowski JM, Nassel A, Arora G, Armour EK, Walker Z, Rajapreyar IN, Kraus A, Wingate M, Tita AT, Sinkey RG. Geographic disparities in peripartum cardiomyopathy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100788. [PMID: 36309247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy causes more than a third of late postpartum pregnancy-related deaths in the United States, and racial disparities in outcomes among pregnant individuals with cardiomyopathy exist. Underlying community factors may contribute to disparities in peripartum cardiomyopathy outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the geographic distribution of and disparities in peripartum cardiomyopathy outcomes, hypothesizing that patients living in communities with higher social vulnerability may have worse outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy per the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute definition from January 2000 to November 2017 at a single center, excluding those with a post office box address as a post office box address may not reflect the census tract in which a patient resides. Severe peripartum cardiomyopathy (vs less severe peripartum cardiomyopathy) was defined as ejection fraction <30%, death, intensive care unit admission, left ventricular assist device or implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement, or transplant. The US census tract for the patient's address was linked to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index, a 0 to 1 scale of a community's vulnerability to external stresses on health, with higher values indicating greater vulnerability. The Social Vulnerability Index includes social factors divided into socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, and housing type and transportation themes. The Social Vulnerability Index and Social Vulnerability Index components were compared among patients by peripartum cardiomyopathy severity. RESULTS Of 95 patients in the original cohort, 5 were excluded because of the use of a post office box address. Of the remaining 90 patients, 56 met severe peripartum cardiomyopathy criteria. At baseline, individuals with and without severe peripartum cardiomyopathy had similar ages, marital status, payor type, tobacco use, gestational age at delivery, and mode of delivery; however, individuals with severe peripartum cardiomyopathy were more likely to be Black (vs White) (59% vs 29%; P<.007) and less likely to recover ejection fraction (EF) to ≥55% by 12 months (36% vs 62%; P=.02) than individuals with less severe peripartum cardiomyopathy. Patients with severe peripartum cardiomyopathy were more likely to live in areas with a higher Social Vulnerability Index (0.51 vs 0.31; P=.002) and with more residents who were unemployed, impoverished, without a high school diploma, in single-parent households, of minority status, without a vehicle, and in institutionalized group quarters than patients with less severe peripartum cardiomyopathy. The median income was lower in communities of individuals with severe peripartum cardiomyopathy than in communities of individuals with less severe peripartum cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Patients with severe peripartum cardiomyopathy outcomes were more likely to live in communities with greater social vulnerability than patients with less severe peripartum cardiomyopathy outcomes. To reduce disparities and maternal mortality rates, resources may need to be directed to socially vulnerable communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Robbins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (Dr Robbins); Center for Maternal and Child Health Equity and Advocacy, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA (Dr Robbins)
| | - Jeff M Szychowski
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Drs Szychowski, Tita, and Sinkey); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Szychowski)
| | - Ariann Nassel
- Department of Health Policy and Organization, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Ms Nassel and Dr Wingate)
| | - Gazal Arora
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Mses Arora and Kraus)
| | - Emily K Armour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (Dr Armour)
| | - Zachary Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr Walker)
| | - Indranee N Rajapreyar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Dr Rajapreyar)
| | - Abigayle Kraus
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Mses Arora and Kraus)
| | - Martha Wingate
- Department of Health Policy and Organization, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Ms Nassel and Dr Wingate)
| | - Alan T Tita
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Drs Szychowski, Tita, and Sinkey); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Drs Tita and Sinkey)
| | - Rachel G Sinkey
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Drs Szychowski, Tita, and Sinkey); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Drs Tita and Sinkey).
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kennedy KC, Hearld KR, May B, Hall AG, Feldman SS, McKnight K, Kraus A, Feng W, Opoku-Agyeman W. Inpatient Telehealth and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes: Experiences in Alabama. Telemed Rep 2021; 2:148-155. [PMID: 35720748 PMCID: PMC8812284 DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: During the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals were concerned about preserving personal protective equipment. UAB Hospital Medicine designed a strategy to outfit acute care patient rooms on a COVID-19 unit with telemedicine technology to allow for remote clinician rounding. Objective: To describe one hospital's experience with inpatient telehealth and compare outcomes between patients with and without inpatient telehealth visits. Design and Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients admitted to UAB Hospital Medicine with COVID-19 between March 16, 2020 and April 24, 2020. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to examine the relationship between telehealth visits and the likelihood of a subsequent transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), ventilation, and number of ICU days. Clinician interviews provided additional insight into the telehealth implementation. Findings: One-quarter of the patients received a telehealth visit. Half were admitted to the ICU, and one-third received ventilation. Regression models did not identify statistically significant differences in transfer to the ICU, number of ICU days, and ventilation between patients with and without telehealth visits. Older age and increased respiratory rate were associated with higher odds of ICU admission. Patients with a cough were associated with lower odds of ventilation and fewer ICU days. Discussion: Implementation challenges included difficulties associated with assisting patients with operating the tablets. However, clinicians noted that there was a great benefit to patients being able to see an unmasked physician. Furthermore, the telehealth program proved to be a viable strategy for connecting patients in isolation with their families. Findings can inform the future development of inpatient telemedicine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kierstin Cates Kennedy
- UAB Hospital | Hospital Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristine R. Hearld
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Brian May
- UAB Hospital | Hospital Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Allyson G. Hall
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sue S. Feldman
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kyndal McKnight
- UAB Hospital | Hospital Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigayle Kraus
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wendy Feng
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William Opoku-Agyeman
- School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Miguel C, George A, Biswal SN, Kraus A, Dunigan K, Tipple T. Abstract P016: Sex Differential Effects Of Hyperoxia And Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Inhibition On The Kidney Endothelin-1 System. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is critical in lung and kidney injury. Notably, renal damageand hyperoxia-induced lung disease are more prevalent in males than females. Aurothioglucose (ATG),an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase-1, attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice; however, theeffects of hyperoxia and/or ATG treatment on the kidney ET-1 system remain unknown. Wehypothesized that hyperoxia would activate the renal ET-1 system and that ATG treatment wouldattenuate this activation. Male and female adult C57Bl/6 mice received a single injection of saline orATG (25mg/Kg, i.p.) and were exposed to room air (RA) or >90% O2 for 72 hours. Kidney and spleen werecollected for assessment of the ET-1 system by RT-PCR and glomerular morphology and immune cellinfiltration were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In male mice,hyperoxia reduced the cortical expression of ET-1 (RA vs. hyperoxia: 1 ± 0.05 vs. 0.34 ± 0.04, p<0.05;n=3-4/group) and ameliorated the expression of ETA receptor. In RA males, treatment with ATGsignificantly halved the expression of ET-1 and ETB receptor (saline vs. ATG, ET-1: 1 ± 0.05 vs. 0.45 ± 0.07,p<0.05; n=3-4/group; ETB receptor: 1 ± 0.09 vs. 0.37 ± 0.10, p<0.05; n=3-4/group), but had no effect inhyperoxic males. Contrarily, hyperoxic females demonstrated a 3-fold upregulation of corticalETB receptor expression, which was significantly prevented by ATG (saline vs. ATG: 2.80 ± 0.37 vs. 0.95 ±0.27, p<0.05; n=3-4/group). ATG treatment in hyperoxic females also decreased the cortical expressionof ET-1 and ETA receptor. No changes in cortical inflammation or glomerular morphology were observed.Further preliminary results showed that hyperoxia led to a 4-fold increase in splenic ET-1 expression insaline-treated mice, and a 7-fold increase in mice treated with ATG. These results demonstrate sexdifferences in the effects of hyperoxia and ATG treatment in the renal ET-1 system and highlight ATG asa possible therapeutic target to attenuate hyperoxia-induced kidney damage. Funded by NIHK01HL145324 and UAB Diabetes Research Center Pilot Project grant to CDM.
Collapse
|
4
|
Davison AC, Hautphenne S, Kraus A. Parameter estimation for discretely observed linear birth-and-death processes. Biometrics 2020; 77:186-196. [PMID: 32306397 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Birth-and-death processes are widely used to model the development of biological populations. Although they are relatively simple models, their parameters can be challenging to estimate, as the likelihood can become numerically unstable when data arise from the most common sampling schemes, such as annual population censuses. A further difficulty arises when the discrete observations are not equi-spaced, for example, when census data are unavailable for some years. We present two approaches to estimating the birth, death, and growth rates of a discretely observed linear birth-and-death process: via an embedded Galton-Watson process and by maximizing a saddlepoint approximation to the likelihood. We study asymptotic properties of the estimators, compare them on numerical examples, and apply the methodology to data on monitored populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Davison
- Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-FSB-MATH-STAT, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Hautphenne
- Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-FSB-MATH-STAT, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Kraus
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marin A, Kraus A, Richter P. Symplomatology of Depression on a Romanian Sample. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
6
|
Strube F, Infanger M, Dietz C, Romswinkel A, Kraus A. Short-term effects of simulated microgravity on morphology and gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Physiol Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Microgravity has been shown to impose various effects on breast cancer cells. We exposed human breast cancer cells to simulated microgravity and studied morphology and alterations in gene expression.
Materials and methods
Human breast cancer cells were exposed to simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine (RPM) for 24 h. Morphology was observed under light microscopy, and gene alteration was studied by qPCR.
Results
After 24 h, formation of three-dimensional structures (spheroids) occurred. BRCA1 expression was significantly increased (1.9×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity compared to the control. Expression of KRAS was significantly decreased (0.6×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells compared to the control. VCAM1 was significantly upregulated (6.6×, 2.0×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. VIM expression was significantly downregulated (0.45×, 0.44×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. There was no significant alteration in the expression of MAPK1, MMP13, PTEN, and TP53.
Conclusions
Simulated microgravity induces spheroid formation in human breast cancer cells within 24 h and alters gene expression toward modified adhesion properties, enhanced cell repair, and phenotype preservation. Further insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up the way toward new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Strube
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Infanger
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Dietz
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Romswinkel
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Kraus
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Felis A, Whitlow M, Kraus A, Warnock DG, Wallace E. Current and Investigational Therapeutics for Fabry Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 5:407-413. [PMID: 32274449 PMCID: PMC7136345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL). This in turn leads to the buildup of globotriaosylceramide, resulting classically in progressive kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, early-onset cerebrovascular disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, corneal whorls, and angiokeratomas. The diagnosis of FD relies on identification of a low α-GAL enzyme activity, identification of a genetic mutation, or histologic evidence of disease. With more than 900 mutations identified, there is phenotypic variability deriving from both mutational effects as well as the effect of skewed X-inactivation in females. Treatment of this disease has relied on intravenous replacement of the deficient enzyme with agalsidase α or agalsidase β. However, treatment options for some patients with FD have recently expanded, with the approval of migalastat, an oral molecular chaperone. In addition to chaperone-based therapies, there are several additional therapies under development that could substantially reshape treatment options for patients with FD. Four approaches to gene therapy, through both ex vivo and in vivo methods, are under development. Another approach is through the administration of α-GAL mRNA to help stimulate production of α-GAL, which is another unique form of therapy. Finally, substrate reduction therapies act as inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase, thus inhibiting the production of GB-3, promise another oral option to treat FD. This article will review the literature around current therapies as well as these newer therapeutics agents in the pipeline for FD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Felis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Whitlow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigayle Kraus
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David G Warnock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eric Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Strube F, Infanger M, Dietz C, Romswinkel A, Kraus A. Short-term effects of simulated microgravity on morphology and gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Physiol Int 2019; 106:311-322. [PMID: 31896265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microgravity has been shown to impose various effects on breast cancer cells. We exposed human breast cancer cells to simulated microgravity and studied morphology and alterations in gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human breast cancer cells were exposed to simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine (RPM) for 24 h. Morphology was observed under light microscopy, and gene alteration was studied by qPCR. RESULTS After 24 h, formation of three-dimensional structures (spheroids) occurred. BRCA1 expression was significantly increased (1.9×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity compared to the control. Expression of KRAS was significantly decreased (0.6×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells compared to the control. VCAM1 was significantly upregulated (6.6×, 2.0×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. VIM expression was significantly downregulated (0.45×, 0.44×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. There was no significant alteration in the expression of MAPK1, MMP13, PTEN, and TP53. CONCLUSIONS Simulated microgravity induces spheroid formation in human breast cancer cells within 24 h and alters gene expression toward modified adhesion properties, enhanced cell repair, and phenotype preservation. Further insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up the way toward new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Strube
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Infanger
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Dietz
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Romswinkel
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Kraus
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kraus A, Luetzenberg R, Abuagela N, Hollenberg S, Infanger M. Spheroid formation and modulation of tenocyte-specific gene expression under simulated microgravity. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.03.2017.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kraus
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R. Luetzenberg
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N. Abuagela
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S. Hollenberg
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M. Infanger
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Richards P, McCall I, Kraus A, Jones M, Maffulli G, Bridgman S, Maffulli N. Diagnostic performance of volume and limited oblique MRI of the anterior cruciate ligament compared to knee arthroscopy. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2016.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Richards
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - I. McCall
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - A. Kraus
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - M. Jones
- School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Keele, UK
| | - G. Maffulli
- Orthopaedic Surgical Trials Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - S. Bridgman
- Orthopaedic Surgical Trials Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - N. Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders Faculty of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Merzari E, Yuan H, Kraus A, Obabko A, Fischer P, Solberg J, Lee S, Lai J, Delgado M, Hassan Y. High-Fidelity Simulation of Flow-Induced Vibrations in Helical Steam Generators for Small Modular Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2018.1490124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Merzari
- Argonne National Laboratory, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Lemont, Illinois
| | - H. Yuan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Lemont, Illinois
| | - A. Kraus
- Argonne National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Lemont, Illinois
| | - A. Obabko
- Argonne National Laboratory, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Lemont, Illinois
| | - P. Fischer
- Argonne National Laboratory, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Lemont, Illinois
| | - J. Solberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Methods Development Group, Livermore, California
| | - S. Lee
- Texas A&M University, Nuclear Engineering Department, College Station, Texas
| | - J. Lai
- Texas A&M University, Nuclear Engineering Department, College Station, Texas
| | - M. Delgado
- Texas A&M University, Nuclear Engineering Department, College Station, Texas
| | - Y. Hassan
- Texas A&M University, Nuclear Engineering Department, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kraus A, Penna-Martinez M, Meyer G, Badenhoop K. Impaired Vitamin D metabolism with low IL-6 and CCL-2 responsiveness to in-vitro Vitamin D treatment in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS-2). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kraus
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Molekulare Endokrinologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Penna-Martinez
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Molekulare Endokrinologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Meyer
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Molekulare Endokrinologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Badenhoop
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Molekulare Endokrinologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rappaport S, Vanderburg A, Jacobs T, LaCourse D, Jenkins J, Kraus A, Rizzuto A, Latham DW, Bieryla A, Lazarevic M, Schmitt A. Likely Transiting Exocomets Detected By Kepler. Mon Not R Astron Soc 2018; 474:1453-1468. [PMID: 29755143 PMCID: PMC5943639 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the first good evidence for exocomet transits of a host star in continuum light in data from the Kepler mission. The Kepler star in question, KIC 3542116, is of spectral type F2V and is quite bright at Kp = 10. The transits have a distinct asymmetric shape with a steeper ingress and slower egress that can be ascribed to objects with a trailing dust tail passing over the stellar disk. There are three deeper transits with depths of ≃ 0.1% that last for about a day, and three that are several times more shallow and of shorter duration. The transits were found via an exhaustive visual search of the entire Kepler photometric data set, which we describe in some detail. We review the methods we use to validate the Kepler data showing the comet transits, and rule out instrumental artefacts as sources of the signals. We fit the transits with a simple dust-tail model, and find that a transverse comet speed of ∼35-50 km s-1 and a minimum amount of dust present in the tail of ∼ 1016 g are required to explain the larger transits. For a dust replenishment time of ∼10 days, and a comet lifetime of only ∼300 days, this implies a total cometary mass of ≳ 3 × 1017 g, or about the mass of Halley's comet. We also discuss the number of comets and orbital geometry that would be necessary to explain the six transits detected over the four years of Kepler prime-field observations. Finally, we also report the discovery of a single comet-shaped transit in KIC 11084727 with very similar transit and host-star properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rappaport
- Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Vanderburg
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712
- NASA Sagan Fellow
| | - T Jacobs
- 12812 SE 69th Place Bellevue, WA 98006, USA
| | - D LaCourse
- 7507 52nd Place NE Marysville, WA 98270, USA
| | - J Jenkins
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - A Kraus
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, 78712-1205, USA
| | - A Rizzuto
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, 78712-1205, USA
| | - D W Latham
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - A Bieryla
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - M Lazarevic
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 100 Forsyth St, Boston, MA 02115
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu H, Zhang W, Gallant B, Clark M, Madigan A, Kraus A, Milone E, Navarro G, Wan Y. 771 Characterization of exosomes that are involved in serum-stimulated melanoma cell migration. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Gröβle R, Beck A, Bornschein B, Fischer S, Kraus A, Mirz S, Rupp S. First Calibration Measurements of an FTIR Absorption Spectroscopy System for Liquid Hydrogen Isotopologues for the Isotope Separation System of Fusion Power Plants. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-t29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gröβle
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Beck
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Bornschein
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Fischer
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Kraus
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Mirz
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Rupp
- Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Institute of Technical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zinna R, Gotoh H, Brent CS, Dolezal A, Kraus A, Niimi T, Emlen D, Lavine LC. Endocrine Control of Exaggerated Trait Growth in Rhinoceros Beetles. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:247-59. [PMID: 27252223 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key insect growth regulator frequently involved in modulating phenotypically plastic traits such as caste determination in eusocial species, wing polymorphisms in aphids, and mandible size in stag beetles. The jaw morphology of stag beetles is sexually-dimorphic and condition-dependent; males have larger jaws than females and those developing under optimum conditions are larger in overall body size and have disproportionately larger jaws than males raised under poor conditions. We have previously shown that large males have higher JH titers than small males during development, and ectopic application of fenoxycarb (JH analog) to small males can induce mandibular growth similar to that of larger males. What remains unknown is whether JH regulates condition-dependent trait growth in other insects with extreme sexually selected structures. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that JH mediates the condition-dependent expression of the elaborate horns of the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. The sexually dimorphic head horn of this beetle is sensitive to nutritional state during larval development. Like stag beetles, male rhinoceros beetles receiving copious food produce disproportionately large horns for their body size compared with males under restricted diets. We show that JH titers are correlated with body size during the late feeding and early prepupal periods, but this correlation disappears by the late prepupal period, the period of maximum horn growth. While ectopic application of fenoxycarb during the third larval instar significantly delayed pupation, it had no effect on adult horn size relative to body size. Fenoxycarb application to late prepupae also had at most a marginal effect on relative horn size. We discuss our results in context of other endocrine signals of condition-dependent trait exaggeration and suggest that different beetle lineages may have co-opted different physiological signaling mechanisms to achieve heightened nutrient-sensitive weapon growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Zinna
- *Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - H Gotoh
- **Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - C S Brent
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA
| | - A Dolezal
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - A Kraus
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA 99258 USA
| | - T Niimi
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - D Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana-Missoula, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Forschbach V, Goppelt-Struebe M, Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R, Piedagnel R, Kraus A, Eckardt KU, Buchholz B. Anoctamin 6 is localized in the primary cilium of renal tubular cells and is involved in apoptosis-dependent cyst lumen formation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1899. [PMID: 26448322 PMCID: PMC4632301 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like structures projected from the apical surface of various mammalian cells including renal tubular cells. Functional or structural defects of the cilium lead to systemic disorders comprising polycystic kidneys as a key feature. Here we show that anoctamin 6 (ANO6), a member of the anoctamin chloride channel family, is localized in the primary cilium of renal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. ANO6 was not essential for cilia formation and had no effect on in vitro cyst expansion. However, knockdown of ANO6 impaired cyst lumen formation of MDCK cells in three-dimensional culture. In the absence of ANO6, apoptosis was reduced and epithelial cells were incompletely removed from the center of cell aggregates, which form in the early phase of cystogenesis. In line with these data, we show that ANO6 is highly expressed in apoptotic cyst epithelial cells of human polycystic kidneys. These data identify ANO6 as a cilium-associated protein and suggest its functional relevance in cyst formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Forschbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Piedagnel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1155, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K-U Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fitzgerald TW, Gerety SS, Jones WD, van Kogelenberg M, King DA, McRae J, Morley KI, Parthiban V, Al-Turki S, Ambridge K, Barrett DM, Bayzetinova T, Clayton S, Coomber EL, Gribble S, Jones P, Krishnappa N, Mason LE, Middleton A, Miller R, Prigmore E, Rajan D, Sifrim A, Tivey AR, Ahmed M, Akawi N, Andrews R, Anjum U, Archer H, Armstrong R, Balasubramanian M, Banerjee R, Baralle D, Batstone P, Baty D, Bennett C, Berg J, Bernhard B, Bevan AP, Blair E, Blyth M, Bohanna D, Bourdon L, Bourn D, Brady A, Bragin E, Brewer C, Brueton L, Brunstrom K, Bumpstead SJ, Bunyan DJ, Burn J, Burton J, Canham N, Castle B, Chandler K, Clasper S, Clayton-Smith J, Cole T, Collins A, Collinson MN, Connell F, Cooper N, Cox H, Cresswell L, Cross G, Crow Y, D’Alessandro M, Dabir T, Davidson R, Davies S, Dean J, Deshpande C, Devlin G, Dixit A, Dominiczak A, Donnelly C, Donnelly D, Douglas A, Duncan A, Eason J, Edkins S, Ellard S, Ellis P, Elmslie F, Evans K, Everest S, Fendick T, Fisher R, Flinter F, Foulds N, Fryer A, Fu B, Gardiner C, Gaunt L, Ghali N, Gibbons R, Gomes Pereira SL, Goodship J, Goudie D, Gray E, Greene P, Greenhalgh L, Harrison L, Hawkins R, Hellens S, Henderson A, Hobson E, Holden S, Holder S, Hollingsworth G, Homfray T, Humphreys M, Hurst J, Ingram S, Irving M, Jarvis J, Jenkins L, Johnson D, Jones D, Jones E, Josifova D, Joss S, Kaemba B, Kazembe S, Kerr B, Kini U, Kinning E, Kirby G, Kirk C, Kivuva E, Kraus A, Kumar D, Lachlan K, Lam W, Lampe A, Langman C, Lees M, Lim D, Lowther G, Lynch SA, Magee A, Maher E, Mansour S, Marks K, Martin K, Maye U, McCann E, McConnell V, McEntagart M, McGowan R, McKay K, McKee S, McMullan DJ, McNerlan S, Mehta S, Metcalfe K, Miles E, Mohammed S, Montgomery T, Moore D, Morgan S, Morris A, Morton J, Mugalaasi H, Murday V, Nevitt L, Newbury-Ecob R, Norman A, O'Shea R, Ogilvie C, Park S, Parker MJ, Patel C, Paterson J, Payne S, Phipps J, Pilz DT, Porteous D, Pratt N, Prescott K, Price S, Pridham A, Procter A, Purnell H, Ragge N, Rankin J, Raymond L, Rice D, Robert L, Roberts E, Roberts G, Roberts J, Roberts P, Ross A, Rosser E, Saggar A, Samant S, Sandford R, Sarkar A, Schweiger S, Scott C, Scott R, Selby A, Seller A, Sequeira C, Shannon N, Sharif S, Shaw-Smith C, Shearing E, Shears D, Simonic I, Simpkin D, Singzon R, Skitt Z, Smith A, Smith B, Smith K, Smithson S, Sneddon L, Splitt M, Squires M, Stewart F, Stewart H, Suri M, Sutton V, Swaminathan GJ, Sweeney E, Tatton-Brown K, Taylor C, Taylor R, Tein M, Temple IK, Thomson J, Tolmie J, Torokwa A, Treacy B, Turner C, Turnpenny P, Tysoe C, Vandersteen A, Vasudevan P, Vogt J, Wakeling E, Walker D, Waters J, Weber A, Wellesley D, Whiteford M, Widaa S, Wilcox S, Williams D, Williams N, Woods G, Wragg C, Wright M, Yang F, Yau M, Carter NP, Parker M, Firth HV, FitzPatrick DR, Wright CF, Barrett JC, Hurles ME. Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders. Nature 2015; 519:223-8. [PMID: 25533962 PMCID: PMC5955210 DOI: 10.1038/nature14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite three decades of successful, predominantly phenotype-driven discovery of the genetic causes of monogenic disorders, up to half of children with severe developmental disorders of probable genetic origin remain without a genetic diagnosis. Particularly challenging are those disorders rare enough to have eluded recognition as a discrete clinical entity, those with highly variable clinical manifestations, and those that are difficult to distinguish from other, very similar, disorders. Here we demonstrate the power of using an unbiased genotype-driven approach to identify subsets of patients with similar disorders. By studying 1,133 children with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders, and their parents, using a combination of exome sequencing and array-based detection of chromosomal rearrangements, we discovered 12 novel genes associated with developmental disorders. These newly implicated genes increase by 10% (from 28% to 31%) the proportion of children that could be diagnosed. Clustering of missense mutations in six of these newly implicated genes suggests that normal development is being perturbed by an activating or dominant-negative mechanism. Our findings demonstrate the value of adopting a comprehensive strategy, both genome-wide and nationwide, to elucidate the underlying causes of rare genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TW Fitzgerald
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - SS Gerety
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - WD Jones
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M van Kogelenberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - DA King
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J McRae
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - KI Morley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - V Parthiban
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S Al-Turki
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K Ambridge
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - DM Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - T Bayzetinova
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S Clayton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - EL Coomber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S Gribble
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P Jones
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - N Krishnappa
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - LE Mason
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A Middleton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R Miller
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - E Prigmore
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - D Rajan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A Sifrim
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - AR Tivey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M Ahmed
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - N Akawi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R Andrews
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - U Anjum
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - H Archer
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - R Armstrong
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - R Banerjee
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - D Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - P Batstone
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Department of Medical Genetics Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - D Baty
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Human Genetics Unit, Pathology Department, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - C Bennett
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - J Berg
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Human Genetics Unit, Pathology Department, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - B Bernhard
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - AP Bevan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - E Blair
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - M Blyth
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - D Bohanna
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - L Bourdon
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - D Bourn
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - A Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - E Bragin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - C Brewer
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - L Brueton
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - K Brunstrom
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - SJ Bumpstead
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - DJ Bunyan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - J Burn
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - J Burton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - N Canham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - B Castle
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - K Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - S Clasper
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - J Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - T Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - A Collins
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - MN Collinson
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - F Connell
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - N Cooper
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - H Cox
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - L Cresswell
- Leicestershire Genetics Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary (NHS Trust), Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - G Cross
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Y Crow
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - M D’Alessandro
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Department of Medical Genetics Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - T Dabir
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - R Davidson
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - S Davies
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - J Dean
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Department of Medical Genetics Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - C Deshpande
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - G Devlin
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - A Dixit
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - A Dominiczak
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C Donnelly
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - D Donnelly
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - A Douglas
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - A Duncan
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - J Eason
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - S Edkins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S Ellard
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - P Ellis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - F Elmslie
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - K Evans
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - S Everest
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - T Fendick
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - R Fisher
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - F Flinter
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - N Foulds
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - A Fryer
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - B Fu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - C Gardiner
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - L Gaunt
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - N Ghali
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - R Gibbons
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - SL Gomes Pereira
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J Goodship
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D Goudie
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Human Genetics Unit, Pathology Department, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - E Gray
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P Greene
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - L Greenhalgh
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - L Harrison
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - R Hawkins
- Bristol Genetics Service (Avon, Somerset, Gloucs and West Wilts), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, St Michael’s Hospital, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DT, UK
| | - S Hellens
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - A Henderson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - E Hobson
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - S Holden
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S Holder
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - G Hollingsworth
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - T Homfray
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - M Humphreys
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - J Hurst
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - S Ingram
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - M Irving
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J Jarvis
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - L Jenkins
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - D Johnson
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - D Jones
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - E Jones
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - D Josifova
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - B Kaemba
- Leicestershire Genetics Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary (NHS Trust), Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - S Kazembe
- Leicestershire Genetics Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary (NHS Trust), Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - B Kerr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - U Kini
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - E Kinning
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - G Kirby
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - C Kirk
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - E Kivuva
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - A Kraus
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - D Kumar
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - K Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - W Lam
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - A Lampe
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C Langman
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - M Lees
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - D Lim
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - G Lowther
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - SA Lynch
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - A Magee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - E Maher
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - S Mansour
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - K Marks
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - K Martin
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - U Maye
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - E McCann
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - V McConnell
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - M McEntagart
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - R McGowan
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Department of Medical Genetics Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - K McKay
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - S McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - DJ McMullan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - S McNerlan
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - S Mehta
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - K Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - E Miles
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - S Mohammed
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - T Montgomery
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D Moore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - S Morgan
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - A Morris
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J Morton
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - H Mugalaasi
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - V Murday
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - L Nevitt
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - R Newbury-Ecob
- Bristol Genetics Service (Avon, Somerset, Gloucs and West Wilts), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, St Michael’s Hospital, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DT, UK
| | - A Norman
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - R O'Shea
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - C Ogilvie
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S Park
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - MJ Parker
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - C Patel
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - J Paterson
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S Payne
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - J Phipps
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - DT Pilz
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - D Porteous
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - N Pratt
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Human Genetics Unit, Pathology Department, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - K Prescott
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - S Price
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - A Pridham
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - A Procter
- Institute Of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK and Department of Clinical Genetics, Block 12, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - H Purnell
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - N Ragge
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - J Rankin
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - L Raymond
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D Rice
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Human Genetics Unit, Pathology Department, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - L Robert
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - E Roberts
- Bristol Genetics Service (Avon, Somerset, Gloucs and West Wilts), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, St Michael’s Hospital, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DT, UK
| | - G Roberts
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - J Roberts
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - P Roberts
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - A Ross
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Department of Medical Genetics Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - E Rosser
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - A Saggar
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - S Samant
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Department of Medical Genetics Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - R Sandford
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A Sarkar
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - S Schweiger
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Human Genetics Unit, Pathology Department, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - C Scott
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R Scott
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - A Selby
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - A Seller
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - C Sequeira
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - N Shannon
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - S Sharif
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - C Shaw-Smith
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - E Shearing
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - D Shears
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - I Simonic
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D Simpkin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R Singzon
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Z Skitt
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL
| | - A Smith
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - B Smith
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - K Smith
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - S Smithson
- Bristol Genetics Service (Avon, Somerset, Gloucs and West Wilts), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, St Michael’s Hospital, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DT, UK
| | - L Sneddon
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - M Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - M Squires
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - F Stewart
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - H Stewart
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, The Churchill Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - M Suri
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The Gables, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - V Sutton
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - GJ Swaminathan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - E Sweeney
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - K Tatton-Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - C Taylor
- Sheffield Regional Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - R Taylor
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - M Tein
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - IK Temple
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - J Thomson
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - J Tolmie
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - A Torokwa
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - B Treacy
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C Turner
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - P Turnpenny
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - C Tysoe
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - A Vandersteen
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - P Vasudevan
- Leicestershire Genetics Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary (NHS Trust), Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - J Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - E Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Kennedy Galton Centre, Northwick Park And St Mark’s NHS Trust Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - D Walker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J Waters
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - A Weber
- Merseyside and Cheshire Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - D Wellesley
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK and Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
| | - M Whiteford
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - S Widaa
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S Wilcox
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D Williams
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - N Williams
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Institute Of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - G Woods
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C Wragg
- Bristol Genetics Service (Avon, Somerset, Gloucs and West Wilts), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, St Michael’s Hospital, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DT, UK
| | - M Wright
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - F Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M Yau
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - NP Carter
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M Parker
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - HV Firth
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - DR FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - CF Wright
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - JC Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - ME Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farthmann J, Niesel A, Fünfgeld C, Kraus A, Lenz F, Augenstein HJ, Gabriel B, Watermann D. Verbesserung der Blasenfunktion durch die Einlage einer alloplastischen Netzes bei Genitaldescensus. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
|
21
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the outcome of intraarticular middle phalanx fractures after dynamic treatment with the Ligamentotaxor® system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten consecutive patients (seven male, three female; mean age 52 years) with intraarticular middle phalanx fractures were treated with the Ligamentotaxor® between 2009 and 2011. Proximal interphalangeal joint mobility, grip strength and 'Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand' (DASH) score were evaluated in a 15-month follow-up. The reconstitution of the intraarticular space was measured immediately after trauma, at 6 weeks and at 15 months by radiograph control. The severity of the trauma was classified according to AO. RESULTS We found B1 30 %, C1 (Seno I + II) 50 % and C3 (Seno III-V) 20 %. In 60 % of the cases, fractures were localized on the middle base of the fifth digit, in 20 % on the third digit and in 20 % on the index finger. The dynamic treatment lasted 7 weeks; patients were exposed to full workload after 9 weeks. The mean flexion mobility after 15 months reached 73° (range 60-100°), and the extension deficit was 13° (range 0-20°) on average. Grip strength attained 71.3 % (range 60-87 %) of the contralateral side. Initial x-ray after trauma compared to the x-ray after 15 months showed an intraarticular space reconstitution average of 0.5 mm (range 0.1-0.9 mm) anterior-posterior and 0.6 mm (range 0.1-1 mm) lateral. Patients evaluated their outcome with an average of 14.6 points (range 3.3-26.7) using the DASH score. CONCLUSION Good results can be obtained with the Ligamentotaxor®. We recommend it for the dynamic treatment of intraarticular middle phalanx finger fractures. Larger series and long-term results are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H.-G. Damert
- Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S. Altmann
- Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A. Kraus
- Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M. Infanger
- Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D. Sattler
- Department for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eatough RP, Falcke H, Karuppusamy R, Lee KJ, Champion DJ, Keane EF, Desvignes G, Schnitzeler DHFM, Spitler LG, Kramer M, Klein B, Bassa C, Bower GC, Brunthaler A, Cognard I, Deller AT, Demorest PB, Freire PCC, Kraus A, Lyne AG, Noutsos A, Stappers B, Wex N. A strong magnetic field around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Galaxy. Nature 2013; 501:391-4. [PMID: 23945588 DOI: 10.1038/nature12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Earth's nearest candidate supermassive black hole lies at the centre of the Milky Way. Its electromagnetic emission is thought to be powered by radiatively inefficient accretion of gas from its environment, which is a standard mode of energy supply for most galactic nuclei. X-ray measurements have already resolved a tenuous hot gas component from which the black hole can be fed. The magnetization of the gas, however, which is a crucial parameter determining the structure of the accretion flow, remains unknown. Strong magnetic fields can influence the dynamics of accretion, remove angular momentum from the infalling gas, expel matter through relativistic jets and lead to synchrotron emission such as that previously observed. Here we report multi-frequency radio measurements of a newly discovered pulsar close to the Galactic Centre and show that the pulsar's unusually large Faraday rotation (the rotation of the plane of polarization of the emission in the presence of an external magnetic field) indicates that there is a dynamically important magnetic field near the black hole. If this field is accreted down to the event horizon it provides enough magnetic flux to explain the observed emission--from radio to X-ray wavelengths--from the black hole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Eatough
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cornell P, Trehane A, Thompson P, Rahmeh F, Greenwood M, Baqai TJ, Cambridge S, Shaikh M, Rooney M, Donnelly S, Tahir H, Ryan S, Kamath S, Hassell A, McCuish WJ, Bearne L, Mackenzie-Green B, Price E, Williamson L, Collins D, Tang E, Hayes J, McLoughlin YM, Chamberlain V, Campbell S, Shah P, McKenna F, Cornell P, Westlake S, Thompson P, Richards S, Homer D, Gould E, Empson B, Kemp P, Richards AG, Walker J, Taylor S, Bari SF, Alachkar M, Rajak R, Lawson T, O'Sullivan M, Samant S, Butt S, Gadsby K, Flurey CA, Morris M, Hughes R, Pollock J, Richards P, Hewlett S, Edwards KR, Rowe I, Sanders T, Dunn K, Konstantinou K, Hay E, Jones LE, Adams J, White P, Donovan-Hall M, Hislop K, Barbosa Boucas S, Nichols VP, Williamson EM, Toye F, Lamb SE, Rodham K, Gavin J, Watts L, Coulson N, Diver C, Avis M, Gupta A, Ryan SJ, Stangroom S, Pearce JM, Byrne J, Manning VL, Hurley M, Scott DL, Choy E, Bearne L, Taylor J, Morris M, Dures E, Hewlett S, Wilson A, Adams J, Larkin L, Kennedy N, Gallagher S, Fraser AD, Shrestha P, Batley M, Koduri G, Scott DL, Flurey CA, Morris M, Hughes R, Pollock J, Richards P, Hewlett S, Kumar K, Raza K, Nightingale P, Horne R, Chapman S, Greenfield S, Gill P, Ferguson AM, Ibrahim F, Scott DL, Lempp H, Tierney M, Fraser A, Kennedy N, Barbosa Boucas S, Hislop K, Dziedzic K, Arden N, Burridge J, Hammond A, Stokes M, Lewis M, Gooberman-Hill R, Coales K, Adams J, Nutland H, Dean A, Laxminarayan R, Gates L, Bowen C, Arden N, Hermsen L, Terwee CB, Leone SS, vd Zwaard B, Smalbrugge M, Dekker J, vd Horst H, Wilkie R, Ferguson AM, Nicky Thomas V, Lempp H, Cope A, Scott DL, Simpson C, Weinman J, Agarwal S, Kirkham B, Patel A, Ibrahim F, Barn R, Brandon M, Rafferty D, Sturrock R, Turner D, Woodburn J, Rafferty D, Paul L, Marshall R, Gill J, McInnes I, Roderick Porter D, Woodburn J, Hennessy K, Woodburn J, Steultjens M, Siddle HJ, Hodgson RJ, Hensor EM, Grainger AJ, Redmond A, Wakefield RJ, Helliwell PS, Hammond A, Rayner J, Law RJ, Breslin A, Kraus A, Maddison P, Thom JM, Newcombe LW, Woodburn J, Porter D, Saunders S, McCarey D, Gupta M, Turner D, McGavin L, Freeburn R, Crilly A, Lockhart JC, Ferrell WR, Goodyear C, Ledingham J, Waterman T, Berkin L, Nicolaou M, Watson P, Lillicrap M, Birrell F, Mooney J, Merkel PA, Poland F, Spalding N, Grayson P, Leduc R, Shereff D, Richesson R, Watts RA, Roussou E, Thapper M, Bateman J, Allen M, Kidd J, Parsons N, Davies D, Watt KA, Scally MD, Bosworth A, Wilkinson K, Collins S, Jacklin CB, Ball SK, Grosart R, Marks J, Litwic AE, Sriranganathan MK, Mukherjee S, Khurshid MA, Matthews SM, Hall A, Sheeran T, Baskar S, Muether M, Mackenzie-Green B, Hetherington A, Wickrematilake G, Williamson L, Daniels LE, Gwynne CE, Khan A, Lawson T, Clunie G, Stephenson S, Gaffney K, Belsey J, Harvey NC, Clarke-Harris R, Murray R, Costello P, Garrett E, Holbrook J, Teh AL, Wong J, Dogra S, Barton S, Davies L, Inskip H, Hanson M, Gluckman P, Cooper C, Godfrey K, Lillycrop K, Anderton T, Clarke S, Rao Chaganti S, Viner N, Seymour R, Edwards MH, Parsons C, Ward K, Thompson J, Prentice A, Dennison E, Cooper C, Clark E, Cumming M, Morrison L, Gould VC, Tobias J, Holroyd CR, Winder N, Osmond C, Fall C, Barker D, Ring S, Lawlor D, Tobias J, Davey Smith G, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Toms TE, Afreedi S, Salt K, Roskell S, Passey K, Price T, Venkatachalam S, Sheeran T, Davies R, Southwood TR, Kearsley-Fleet L, Hyrich KL, Kingsbury D, Quartier P, Patel G, Arora V, Kupper H, Mozaffarian N, Kearsley-Fleet L, Baildam E, Beresford MW, Davies R, Foster HE, Mowbray K, Southwood TR, Thomson W, Hyrich KL, Saunders E, Baildam E, Chieng A, Davidson J, Foster H, Gardner-Medwin J, Wedderburn L, Thomson W, Hyrich K, McErlane F, Beresford M, Baildam E, Chieng SE, Davidson J, Foster HE, Gardner-Medwin J, Lunt M, Wedderburn L, Thomson W, Hyrich K, Rooney M, Finnegan S, Gibson DS, Borg FA, Bale PJ, Armon K, Cavelle A, Foster HE, McDonagh J, Bale PJ, Armon K, Wu Q, Pesenacker AM, Stansfield A, King D, Barge D, Abinun M, Foster HE, Wedderburn L, Stanley K, Morrissey D, Parsons S, Kuttikat A, Shenker N, Garrood T, Medley S, Ferguson AM, Keeling D, Duffort P, Irving K, Goulston L, Culliford D, Coakley P, Taylor P, Hart D, Spector T, Hakim A, Arden N, Mian A, Garrood T, Magan T, Chaudhary M, Lazic S, Sofat N, Thomas MJ, Moore A, Roddy E, Peat G, Rees F, Lanyon P, Jordan N, Chaib A, Sangle S, Tungekar F, Sabharwal T, Abbs I, Khamashta M, D'Cruz D, Dzifa Dey I, Isenberg DA, Chin CW, Cheung C, Ng M, Gao F, Qiong Huang F, Thao Le T, Yong Fong K, San Tan R, Yin Wong T, Julian T, Parker B, Al-Husain A, Yvonne Alexander M, Bruce I, Jordan N, Abbs I, D'cruz D, McDonald G, Miguel L, Hall C, Isenberg DA, Magee A, Butters T, Jury E, Yee CS, Toescu V, Hickman R, Leung MH, Situnayake D, Bowman S, Gordon C, Yee CS, Toescu V, Hickman R, Leung MH, Situnayake D, Bowman S, Gordon C, Lazarus MN, Isenberg DA, Ehrenstein M, Carter LM, Isenberg DA, Ehrenstein MR, Chanchlani N, Gayed M, Yee CS, Gordon C, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Akil M, D'Cruz D, Khamashta M, Lutalo P, Erb N, Prabu A, Edwards CJ, Youssef H, McHugh N, Vital E, Amft N, Griffiths B, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Durrani M, Jordan N, Sangle S, D'Cruz D, Pericleous C, Ruiz-Limon P, Romay-Penabad Z, Carrera-Marin A, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Giles IP, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Pierangeli SS, Ripoll VM, Lambrianides A, Heywood WE, Ioannou J, Giles IP, Rahman A, Stevens C, Dures E, Morris M, Knowles S, Hewlett S, Marshall R, Reddy V, Croca S, Gerona D, De La Torre Ortega I, Isenberg DA, Leandro M, Cambridge G, Reddy V, Cambridge G, Isenberg DA, Glennie M, Cragg M, Leandro M, Croca SC, Isenberg DA, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Croca SC, Isenberg DA, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Artim Esen B, Pericleous C, MacKie I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Isenberg DA, Giles I, Skeoch S, Haque S, Pemberton P, Bruce I. BHPR: Audit and Clinical Evaluation * 103. Dental Health in Children and Young Adults with Inflammatory Arthritis: Access to Dental Care. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
24
|
Backhouse MR, Vinall KA, Redmond A, Helliwell P, Keenan AM, Dale RM, Thomas A, Aronson D, Turner-Cobb J, Sengupta R, France B, Hill I, Flurey CA, Morris M, Pollock J, Hughes R, Richards P, Hewlett S, Ryan S, Lille K, Adams J, Haq I, McArthur M, Goodacre L, Birt L, Wilson O, Kirwan J, Dures E, Quest E, Hewlett S, Rajak R, Thomas T, Lawson T, Petford S, Hale E, Kitas GD, Ryan S, Gooberman-Hill R, Jinks C, Dziedzic K, Boucas SB, Hislop K, Rhodes C, Adams J, Ali F, Jinks C, Ong BN, Backhouse MR, White D, Hensor E, Keenan AM, Helliwell P, Redmond A, Ferguson AM, Douiri A, Scott DL, Lempp H, Halls S, Law RJ, Jones J, Markland D, Maddison P, Thom J, Law RJ, Thom JM, Maddison P, Breslin A, Kraus A, Gordhan C, Dennis S, Connor J, Chowdhary B, Lottay N, Juneja P, Bacon PA, Isaacs D, Jack J, Keller M, Tibble J, Haq I, Hammond A, Gill R, Tyson S, Tennant A, Nordenskiold U, Pease EE, Pease CT, Trehane A, Rahmeh F, Cornell P, Westlake SL, Rose K, Alber CF, Watson L, Stratton R, Lazarus M, McNeilly NE, Waterfield J, Hurley M, Greenwood J, Clayton AM, Lynch M, Clewes A, Dawson J, Abernethy V, Griffiths AE, Chamberlain VA, McLoughlin Y, Campbell S, Hayes J, Moffat C, McKenna F, Shah P, Rajak R, Williams A, Rhys-Dillon C, Goodfellow R, Martin JC, Rajak R, Bari F, Hughes G, Thomas E, Baker S, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L, Dunkley L, Youll MJ, Rodziewicz M, Reynolds JA, Berry J, Pavey C, Hyrich K, Gorodkin R, Wilkinson K, Bruce I, Barton A, Silman A, Ho P, Cornell T, Westlake SL, Richards S, Holmes A, Parker S, Smith H, Briggs N, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Thwaites C, Ryan S, Kamath S, Price S, Robinson SM, Walker D, Coop H, Al-Allaf W, Baker S, Williamson L, Price E, Collins D, Charleton RC, Griffiths B, Edwards EA, Partlett R, Martin K, Tarzi M, Panthakalam S, Freeman T, Ainley L, Turner M, Hughes L, Russell B, Jenkins S, Done J, Young A, Jones T, Gaywood IC, Pande I, Pradere MJ, Bhaduri M, Smith A, Cook H, Abraham S, Ngcozana T, Denton CP, Parker L, Black CM, Ong V, Thompson N, White C, Duddy M, Jobanputra P, Bacon P, Smith J, Richardson A, Giancola G, Soh V, Spencer S, Greenhalgh A, Hanson M, De Lord D, Lloyd M, Wong H, Wren D, Grover B, Hall J, Neville C, Alton P, Kelly S, Bombardieri M, Humby F, Ng N, Di Cicco M, Hands R, Epis O, Filer A, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Pitzalis C, Freeston J, Conaghan P, Grainger A, O'Connor PJ, Evans R, Emery P, Hodgson R, Emery P, Fleischmann R, Han C, van der Heijde D, Conaghan P, Xu W, Hsia E, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, Chattopadhyay C, Beutler A, Han C, Zayat AS, Conaghan P, Freeston J, Hensor E, Ellegard K, Terslev L, Emery P, Wakefield RJ, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Dey D, Nandagudi A, Giles I, Shipley M, Morris V, Ioannou J, Ehrenstein M, Sen D, Chan M, Quinlan TM, Brophy R, Mewar D, Patel D, Wilby MJ, Pellegrini V, Eyes B, Crooks D, Anderson M, Ball E, McKeeman H, Burns J, Yau WH, Moore O, Foo J, Benson C, Patterson C, Wright G, Taggart A, Drew S, Tanner L, Sanyal K, Bourke BE, Lloyd M, Alston C, Baqai C, Chard M, Sandhu V, Neville C, Jordan K, Munns C, Zouita L, Shattles W, Davies U, Makadsi R, Griffith S, Kiely PD, Ciurtin C, Dimofte I, Dabu M, Dabu B, Dobarro D, Schreiber BE, Warrell C, Handler C, Coghlan G, Denton C, Ishorari J, Bunn C, Beynon H, Denton CP, Stratton R, George Malal JJ, Boton-Maggs B, Leung A, Farewell D, Choy E, Gullick NJ, Young A, Choy EH, Scott DL, Wincup C, Fisher B, Charles P, Taylor P, Gullick NJ, Pollard LC, Kirkham BW, Scott DL, Ma MH, Ramanujan S, Cavet G, Haney D, Kingsley GH, Scott D, Cope A, Singh A, Wilson J, Isaacs A, Wing C, McLaughlin M, Penn H, Genovese MC, Sebba A, Rubbert-Roth A, Scali J, Zilberstein M, Thompson L, Van Vollenhoven R, De Benedetti F, Brunner H, Allen R, Brown D, Chaitow J, Pardeo M, Espada G, Flato B, Horneff G, Devlin C, Kenwright A, Schneider R, Woo P, Martini A, Lovell D, Ruperto N, John H, Hale ED, Treharne GJ, Kitas GD, Carroll D, Mercer L, Low A, Galloway J, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Low A, Mercer L, Galloway J, Davies R, Watson K, Lunt M, Dixon W, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Balarajah S, Sandhu A, Ariyo M, Rankin E, Sandoo A, van Zanten JJV, Toms TE, Carroll D, Kitas GD, Sandoo A, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Malik S, Toberty E, Thalayasingam N, Hamilton J, Kelly C, Puntis D, Malik S, Hamilton J, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Heycock C, Kelly C, Rajak R, Goodfellow R, Rhys-Dillon C, Winter R, Wardle P, Martin JC, Toms T, Sandoo A, Smith J, Cadman S, Nightingale P, Kitas G, Alhusain AZ, Verstappen SM, Mirjafari H, Lunt M, Charlton-Menys V, Bunn D, Symmons D, Durrington P, Bruce I, Cooney JK, Thom JM, Moore JP, Lemmey A, Jones JG, Maddison PJ, Ahmad YA, Ahmed TJ, Leone F, Kiely PD, Browne HK, Rhys-Dillon C, Wig S, Chevance A, Moore T, Manning J, Vail A, Herrick AL, Derrett-Smith E, Hoyles R, Moinzadeh P, Chighizola C, Khan K, Ong V, Abraham D, Denton CP, Schreiber BE, Dobarro D, Warrell CE, Handler C, Denton CP, Coghlan G, Sykes R, Muir L, Ennis H, Herrick AL, Shiwen X, Thompson K, Khan K, Liu S, Denton CP, Leask A, Abraham DJ, Strickland G, Pauling J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Owen P, McHugh N, Abignano G, Cuomo G, Buch MH, Rosenberg WM, Valentini G, Emery P, Del Galdo F, Jenkins J, Pauling JD, McHugh N, Khan K, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Denton CP, Ong V, Moinzadeh P, Howell K, Ong V, Nihtyanova S, Denton CP, Moinzadeh P, Fonseca C, Khan K, Abraham D, Ong V, Denton CP, Malaviya AP, Hadjinicolaou AV, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Hadjinicolaou AV, Malaviya AP, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Raut-Roy D, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Peluso R, Dario Di Minno MN, Iervolino S, Costa L, Atteno M, Lofrano M, Soscia E, Castiglione F, Foglia F, Scarpa R, Wallis D, Thomas A, Hill I, France B, Sengupta R, Dougados M, Keystone E, Heckaman M, Mease P, Landewe R, Nguyen D, Heckaman M, Mease P, Winfield RA, Dyke C, Clemence M, Mackay K, Haywood KL, Packham J, Jordan KP, Davies H, Brophy S, Irvine E, Cooksey R, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Kingsley GH, Ibrahim F, Scott DL, Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Chattopadhyay C, Krueger G, Gladman D, Beutler A, Gathany T, Mudivarthy S, Mack M, Tandon N, Han C, Mease P, McInnes I, Sieper J, Braun J, Emery P, van der Heijde D, Isaacs J, Dahmen G, Wollenhaupt J, Schulze-Koops H, Gsteiger S, Bertolino A, Hueber W, Tak PP, Cohen CJ, Karaderi T, Pointon JJ, Wordsworth BP, Cooksey R, Davies H, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Brophy S, Keidel S, Pointon JJ, Farrar C, Karaderi T, Appleton LH, Wordsworth BP, Adshead R, Tahir H, Greenwood M, Donnelly SP, Wajed J, Kirkham B. BHPR research: qualitative * 1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
25
|
Carr B, Gilson R, Mehrotra A, Lerner E, Kraus A, Salhi R, Kelly J, Hargarten S. 205 A Proposed Adult Emergency Department Categorization Scheme in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
26
|
Mooren FC, Krüger K, Völker K, Golf SW, Wadepuhl M, Kraus A. Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects - a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:281-4. [PMID: 21205110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome correlates with the availability of magnesium (Mg). We studied the effect of oral Mg supplementation on insulin sensitivity and other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in normomagnesemic, overweight, insulin resistant, non-diabetic subjects. Subjects were tested for eligibility using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and subsequently randomized to receive either Mg-aspartate-hydrochloride (n = 27) or placebo (n = 25) for 6 months. As trial endpoints, several indices of insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose, serum insulin, blood pressure and lipid profile were determined. Mg supplementation resulted in a significant improvement of fasting plasma glucose and some insulin sensitivity indices (ISIs) compared to placebo. Blood pressure and lipid profile did not show significant changes. The results provide significant evidence that oral Mg supplementation improves insulin sensitivity even in normomagnesemic, overweight, non-diabetic subjects emphasizing the need for an early optimization of Mg status to prevent insulin resistance and subsequently type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mir R, Chong K, Benett C, Aldin A, Balen F, Kraus A, Taylor R. CP6 Anopthalmia and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours in a family with Noonan syndrome and a novel PTPN11 mutation. J Neurol Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
28
|
Sinis N, Boettcher M, Kraus A, Werdin F, Schaller HE. Four-digit replantation in a mentally retarded person: a case report. Eplasty 2010; 10:e62. [PMID: 20976275 PMCID: PMC2954615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case where 4 digits were replanted in a mentally retarded patient with a history of smoking and the inability to follow postoperative arrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Sinis
- aDepartment for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery with Hand Surgery, Marthin-Luther Hospital, Berlin,Correspondence:
| | - M. Boettcher
- bDepartment for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery With Burn Unit, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A. Kraus
- bDepartment for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery With Burn Unit, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - F. Werdin
- bDepartment for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery With Burn Unit, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - H. E. Schaller
- bDepartment for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery With Burn Unit, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kraus A, Valerius G, Seifritz E, Ruf M, Bremner JD, Bohus M, Schmahl C. Script-driven imagery of self-injurious behavior in patients with borderline personality disorder: a pilot FMRI study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121:41-51. [PMID: 19522883 PMCID: PMC3233769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is one of the most distinctive features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and related to impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. METHOD Female patients with BPD (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 10) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to a standardized script describing an act of self-injury. Experimental sections of the script were contrasted to the neutral baseline section and group-specific brain activities were compared. RESULTS While imagining the reactions to a situation triggering SIB, patients with BPD showed significantly less activation in the orbitofrontal cortex compared with controls. Furthermore, only patients with BPD showed increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during this section and a decrease in the mid-cingulate while imagining the self-injurious act itself. CONCLUSION This pattern of activation preliminary suggests an association with diminished emotion regulation, impulse control as well as with response selection and reappraisal during the imagination of SIB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kraus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G. Valerius
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - E. Seifritz
- Clinic of Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - M. Ruf
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. D. Bremner
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - M. Bohus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C. Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
We report a case of a massive unilateral dermatomal cavernous haemangioma (UDCH) affecting the left arm and adjacent neck in the region of the C4-C8 dermatomes, with associated bony remodelling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the rare condition UDCH with bony abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kraus
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Watermann D, Niesel A, Fünfgeld C, Kraus A, Lenz F, Augenstein H, Farthmann J, Gitsch G. Einfluss klinischer und operationstechnischer Faktoren auf Wundheilungsstörungen nach transobturatorischer Netzimplantation. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1239037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
32
|
Oelfke U, Tacke M, Kraus A, Nill S. Sci-Wed PM: Delivery-06: Management of Intra-Fraction Organ Motion: First Performance Evaluation of an Experimental Dynamic Tumor Tracking System. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3244098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
33
|
Sinis N, Kraus A, Werdin F, Manoli T, Jaminet P, Haerle M, Schaller HE. Nervenrekonstruktion und Nervenersatzoperationen. Chirurg 2009; 80:875-81; quiz 882. [DOI: 10.1007/s00104-009-1770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Ludäscher P, Greffrath W, Schmahl C, Kleindienst N, Kraus A, Baumgärtner U, Magerl W, Treede RD, Bohus M. A cross-sectional investigation of discontinuation of self-injury and normalizing pain perception in patients with borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 120:62-70. [PMID: 19133877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown reduced pain perception in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and current self-injurious behavior (SIB). The aim of the present study was to test whether pain perception in patients with current SIB is different from that of patients who had stopped SIB, and whether pain perception of the latter group differs from healthy controls (HC). METHOD We investigated 24 borderline patients and 24 HC. Thirteen patients showed current SIB (BPD-SIB) and 11 patients did not exhibit SIB anymore (BPD-non-SIB). Pain thresholds were assessed using thermal stimuli and laser radiant heat pulses. RESULTS We found significant linear trends for all pain measures. The BPD-SIB group was less sensitive than the BPD-non-SIB group and the latter were less sensitive than HC. The pain sensitivity negatively correlated with borderline symptom severity. CONCLUSION The results suggest an association between the termination of SIB, decline of psychopathology and normalization of pain perception in borderline patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ludäscher
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sinis N, Kraus A, Papagiannoulis N, Werdin F, Schittenhelm J, Meyermann R, Haerle M, Geuna S, Schaller HE. Concepts and developments in peripheral nerve surgery. Clin Neuropathol 2009; 28:247-262. [PMID: 19642504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injuries may result in sensory and motor deficits when not treated appropriately. Especially the surgical management of nerve defects still represents a challenge for the surgeon. In these cases the grafting of autologous nerves represents the only reasonable approach. Due to the side effects associated with this method (sacrifice of donor nerves, neuroma formation in the harvesting area, limited availability of donor nerves, etc.), numerous alternatives were proposed in order to avoid the transplantation of autologous tissue. This review provides a general view on the state of the art of how to supply gaping injuries in the peripheral nerve. Furthermore new approaches emphasizing tubulization techniques for the reconstruction of lost nerve tissue are described with a special focus on various materials with their advantages and disadvantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sinis
- Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie, BG-Unfallklinik, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relevance of subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve in the therapy of cubital tunnel syndrome is still under debate. The aim of this study was to compare the results after decompression to additional transposition in cases of intraoperative luxation. METHODS A total of 54 cases after surgery of cubital tunnel syndrome between 2000 and 2006 were analyzed. Nerve transposition was performed in cases of intraoperatively apparent nerve luxation. RESULTS Of the patients 12 were treated by decompression alone and 42 by additional subcutaneous transposition. There was no significant difference concerning symptom amelioration, usage properties of the hand, sensation impairment and duration of disability. Force measurements of grip strength and pinch strength revealed no significant differences between either hand in both groups. The 2-point discrimination ability of the 8th to 10th finger nerves was not significantly different between the groups either. CONCLUSION Nerve transposition revealed no benefits in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome when performed in cases of intraoperative nerve luxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kraus
- Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Strazhevskaya NB, Mulyukin AL, Shmyrina AS, Kraus A, Lorentz V, Zhdanov RI, El’-Registan GI. Characteristics of Pseudomonas aurantiaca DNA supramolecular complexes at various developmental stages. Microbiology (Reading) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626170901007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
38
|
Strazhevskaia NB, Muliukin AL, Shmyrina AS, Kraus A, Lorentz V, Zhdanov RI, El'-Registan GI. [Characteristics of Pseudomonas aurantiaca DNA supramolecular complexes at various developmental stages]. Mikrobiologiia 2009; 78:59-67. [PMID: 19334598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Differences in viscoelasticity (eta) and molecular mass (M) values, as well as in the fatty acid profile of lipids in DNA supramolecular complexes (SC) isolated from Pseudomonas aurantiaca cultures at the exponential and stationary growth phases were established for the first time. Typical characteristics of DNA SC from actively growing cells were the following: eta = 315 +/- 15 dl/g, M(DNA) = 39 x 10(6) Da, C16:0 > C18:0 > C18:1 present as basic fatty acids (FA) in a pool of loosely DNA-bound lipids; the tightly DNA-bound lipid fraction consisted of only two acids C18:0 > C16:0. Significantly higher values of viscoelasticity eta = 779 +/- 8 dl/g and M(DNA) = 198 x 10(6) Da were observed for DNA SC of the stationary phase cells; one more FA, C14:0, was detected in the loosely bound lipid fraction, while lipids tightly bound to DNA contained mainly C16:0 > C18:1 > > C18:0 > C14:0 FA. The content of saturated FA in the DNA-bound lipids in the stationary phase cells was twice as high as in the exponential phase cells. The fraction of tightly bound lipids from the stationary phase cells contained nine times more unsaturated fatty acids than the fraction from proliferating cells. These differences in FA composition of DNA-bound lipids demonstrate the importance of lipids for the structural organization and functioning of genomic DNA during bacterial culture development.
Collapse
|
39
|
Castro-Tirado AJ, de Ugarte Postigo A, Gorosabel J, Jelínek M, Fatkhullin TA, Sokolov VV, Ferrero P, Kann DA, Klose S, Sluse D, Bremer M, Winters JM, Nuernberger D, Pérez-Ramírez D, Guerrero MA, French J, Melady G, Hanlon L, McBreen B, Leventis K, Markoff SB, Leon S, Kraus A, Aceituno FJ, Cunniffe R, Kubánek P, Vítek S, Schulze S, Wilson AC, Hudec R, Durant M, González-Pérez JM, Shahbaz T, Guziy S, Pandey SB, Pavlenko L, Sonbas E, Trushkin SA, Bursov NN, Nizhelskij NA, Sánchez-Fernández C, Sabau-Graziati L. Flares from a candidate Galactic magnetar suggest a missing link to dim isolated neutron stars. Nature 2008; 455:506-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Watermann DO, Niesel A, Fünfgeld C, Kraus A, Lenz F, Augenstein H. Partiell resorbierbare Netze zur Therapie von Zystozelen–PARETO - – Eine prospektiv randomisierte, multizentrische Studie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
41
|
Zhdanov RI, Shmyrina AS, Mulyukin AL, El'-Registan GI, Zarubina TV, Kraus A, Haupt N, Lorenz W. The lipid fraction tightly bound to genomic DNA is determined in prokaryotes. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2007; 410:320-3. [PMID: 17286113 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672906050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R I Zhdanov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Baltiiskaya 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhdanov RI, Shmyrina AS, Zarubina TV, Kraus A, Lorenz W. Fatty acid profiles of DNA-bound and whole-cell lipids of Pseudomonas aurantiaca drastically differ. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2007; 410:292-6. [PMID: 17286106 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672906050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R I Zhdanov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Baltiiskaya 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Farthmann J, Brintrup B, Fünfgeld C, Jezek P, Kraus A, Kumbier E, Lenz F, Lichtinger P, Niesel A, Stickeler E, Gabriel B, Watermann D. Transobturatorische Implantation alloplastischer Netze zur Therapie von Beckenbodendefekten. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
44
|
Farthmann J, Brintrup B, Fünfgeld C, Jezek P, Kraus A, Kumbier E, Lenz F, Lichtinger P, Niesel A, Gabriel B, Stickeler E, Watermann DO. Transobturatorische Implantation alloplastischer Netze zur Therapie von Beckenbodendefekten. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
45
|
Gabriel B, Brintrup B, Fünfgeld C, Farthmann J, Lenz F, Stickeler E, Jezek P, Kraus A, Kumbier E, Niesel A, Watermann DO. Posteriore alloplastische Netzimplantation mit sakrospinaler und pararektaler Suspension. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Fudaba Y, Spitzer TR, Shaffer J, Kawai T, Fehr T, Delmonico F, Preffer F, Tolkoff-Rubin N, Dey BR, Saidman SL, Kraus A, Bonnefoix T, McAfee S, Power K, Kattleman K, Colvin RB, Sachs DH, Cosimi AB, Sykes M. Myeloma responses and tolerance following combined kidney and nonmyeloablative marrow transplantation: in vivo and in vitro analyses. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2121-33. [PMID: 16796719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Six patients with renal failure due to multiple myeloma (MM) received simultaneous kidney and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-identical sibling donors following nonmyeloablative conditioning, including cyclophosphamide (CP), peritransplant antithymocyte globulin and thymic irradiation. Cyclosporine (CyA) was given for approximately 2 months posttransplant, followed by donor leukocyte infusions. All six patients accepted their kidney grafts long-term. Three patients lost detectable chimerism but accepted their kidney grafts off immunosuppression for 1.3 to >7 years. One such patient had strong antidonor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in association with marrow rejection. Two patients achieved full donor chimerism, but resumed immunosuppression to treat graft-versus-host disease. Only one patient experienced rejection following CyA withdrawal. He responded to immunosuppression, which was later successfully withdrawn. The rejection episode was associated with antidonor Th reactivity. Patients showed CTL unresponsiveness to cultured donor renal tubular epithelial cells. Initially recovering T cells were memory cells and were enriched for CD4+CD25+ cells. Three patients are in sustained complete remissions of MM, despite loss of chimerism in two. Combined kidney/BMT with nonmyeloablative conditioning can achieve renal allograft tolerance and excellent myeloma responses, even in the presence of donor marrow rejection and antidonor alloresponses in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Fudaba
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, MGH East, Building 149-5102 13th Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaminski D, Heider T, Kraus A, Fischer K, Braun M, Kälble T. TVT und transobturatorische Bandplastik (TOT) – Fuldaer Ergebnisse. Aktuelle Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-947517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Kraus A, Clark A, Jadun CK, Singh J. GLIADEL® – erste Erfahrungen in der Bildgebung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-941135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Kubinec R, Adamuscin J, Jurdáková H, Foltin M, Ostrovský I, Kraus A, Soják L. Gas chromatographic determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes using flame ionization detector in water samples with direct aqueous injection up to 250 μl. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1084:90-4. [PMID: 16114240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple method of solventless extraction of volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) from aqueous samples was developed. This method allows direct injection of large volume of water sample into a gas chromatograph using the sorption capacity of the sorbent Chromosorb P NAW applied directly in the injection port of gas chromatograph. The system prevent water penetration into a column, keep it adsorbed on its surface until the analytes are stripped into a column, and the residual water is purging using split flow. The limit of detection ranging from 0.6 for benzene to 1.1 microg l(-1) for o-xylene and limit of quantification ranging 2.0-3.6 microg l(-1) are lower that those reached by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and direct aqueous injection before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kubinec
- Chemical Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kraus A, Hanbücken M, Koshikawa T, Neddermeyer H. Manipulation experiments on Si(111)7 × 7 by scanning tunnelling microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|