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Rivera Nieves AM, Wauford BM, Fu A. Mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and beyond in pancreatic β-cells and diabetes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354199. [PMID: 38404962 PMCID: PMC10884328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic β-cell survival and function are impaired. Additional etiologies of diabetes include dysfunction in insulin-sensing hepatic, muscle, and adipose tissues as well as immune cells. An important determinant of metabolic health across these various tissues is mitochondria function and structure. This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in diabetes pathogenesis, with a specific emphasis on pancreatic β-cells. These dynamic organelles are obligate for β-cell survival, function, replication, insulin production, and control over insulin release. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondria are severely defective in diabetic contexts. Mitochondrial dysfunction poses challenges to assess in cause-effect studies, prompting us to assemble and deliberate the evidence for mitochondria dysfunction as a cause or consequence of diabetes. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes and identifying therapeutic strategies to restore mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance β-cell function are active and expanding areas of research. In summary, this review examines the multidimensional role of mitochondria in diabetes, focusing on pancreatic β-cells and highlighting the significance of mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, calcium, dynamics, and mitophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetes. We describe the effects of diabetes-related gluco/lipotoxic, oxidative and inflammation stress on β-cell mitochondria, as well as the role played by mitochondria on the pathologic outcomes of these stress paradigms. By examining these aspects, we provide updated insights and highlight areas where further research is required for a deeper molecular understanding of the role of mitochondria in β-cells and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra María Rivera Nieves
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Brian Michael Wauford
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Accalia Fu
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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2
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Gouw ZAR, Jeong J, Rimner A, Lee NY, Jackson A, Fu A, Sonke JJ, Deasy JO. "Primer shot" fractionation with an early treatment break is theoretically superior to consecutive weekday fractionation schemes for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:110006. [PMID: 37972733 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is traditionally given in equally spaced weekday fractions. We hypothesize that heterogeneous interfraction intervals can increase radiosensitivity via reoxygenation. Through modeling, we investigate whether this minimizes local failures and toxicity for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Previously, a tumor dose-response model based on resource competition and cell-cycle-dependent radiosensitivity accurately predicted local failure rates for early-stage NSCLC cohorts. Here, the model mathematically determined non-uniform inter-fraction intervals minimizing local failures at similar normal tissue toxicity risk, i.e., iso-BED3 (iso-NTCP) for fractionation schemes 18Gyx3, 12Gyx4, 10Gyx5, 7.5Gyx8, 5Gyx12, 4Gyx15. Next, we used these optimized schedules to reduce toxicity risk (BED3) while maintaining stable local failures (TCP). RESULTS Optimal schedules consistently favored a "primer shot" fraction followed by a 2-week break, allowing tumor reoxygenation. Increasing or decreasing the assumed baseline hypoxia extended or shortened this optimal break by up to one week. Fraction sizes of 7.5 Gy and up required a single primer shot, while smaller fractions needed one or two extra fractions for full reoxygenation. The optimized schedules, versus consecutive weekday fractionation, predicted absolute LF reductions of 4.6%-7.4%, except for the already optimal LF rate seen for 18Gyx3. Primer shot schedules could also reduce BED3 at iso-TCP with the biggest improvements for the shortest schedules (94.6Gy reduction for 18Gyx3). CONCLUSION A validated simulation model clearly supports non-standard "primer shot" fractionation, reducing the impact of hypoxia-induced radioresistance. A limitation of this study is that primer-shot fractionation is outside prior clinical experience and therefore will require clinical studies for definitive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A R Gouw
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, New York, NY, USA; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands.
| | - J Jeong
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Rimner
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Y Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Jackson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Fu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, New York, NY, USA
| | - J-J Sonke
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - J O Deasy
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Fu A, van Rooyen L, Evans L, Armstrong N, Avizonis D, Kin T, Bird GH, Reddy A, Chouchani ET, Liesa-Roig M, Walensky LD, Shapiro AMJ, Danial NN. Glucose metabolism and pyruvate carboxylase enhance glutathione synthesis and restrict oxidative stress in pancreatic islets. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110037. [PMID: 34818536 PMCID: PMC8720303 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism modulates the islet β cell responses to diabetogenic stress, including inflammation. Here, we probed the metabolic mechanisms that underlie the protective effect of glucose in inflammation by interrogating the metabolite profiles of primary islets from human donors and identified de novo glutathione synthesis as a prominent glucose-driven pro-survival pathway. We find that pyruvate carboxylase is required for glutathione synthesis in islets and promotes their antioxidant capacity to counter inflammation and nitrosative stress. Loss- and gain-of-function studies indicate that pyruvate carboxylase is necessary and sufficient to mediate the metabolic input from glucose into glutathione synthesis and the oxidative stress response. Altered redox metabolism and cellular capacity to replenish glutathione pools are relevant in multiple pathologies beyond obesity and diabetes. Our findings reveal a direct interplay between glucose metabolism and glutathione biosynthesis via pyruvate carboxylase. This metabolic axis may also have implications in other settings where sustaining glutathione is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lara van Rooyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay Evans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Armstrong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Metabolomics Innovation Resource, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, 2000 College Plaza, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc Liesa-Roig
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 614 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, 2000 College Plaza, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Andersen J, Caccese J, Esopenko C, Fu A, McKay M, Meyer T, Oxenham V, Peek K. The effect of ball characteristics on head impact magnitude during purposeful heading in adolescent male and female football players. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Fu A, Barry Q, Boudreau R, Clifford C, Chow A, Simard T, Chong AY, Dick A, Froeschl M, Glover C, Hibbert B, Labinaz M, Le May M, Russo J, So D. Outcomes of patients with high bleeding risks characteristics presenting with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with high bleeding risk characteristics (HBR) presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) pose a clinical challenge to balance risk for recurrent ischemic events versus incurring bleeding with dual antiplatelet therapy.
Purpose
We seek to determine the incidence and predictors of short and long term ischemic and bleeding outcomes in patients with HBR factors presenting with ACS after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Method
Consecutive patients over a 1-year period, who underwent PCI for ACS were categorized as having HBR based on: age ≥75, anemia (hemoglobin<110g/L), thrombocytopenia (platelet<100x109/L), renal failure (eGFR<30umol/L) or concurrent use of oral anticoagulation. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) defined as composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke at 1 year. Key secondary outcomes include significant bleeding defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or 5, and net adverse cardiovascular event (NACE), as a composite of MACE and significant bleeding.
Results
Of 1351 patients presented with ACS, 389 (28.8%) had at least one HBR criteria. At 1 year, patients with HBR, compared to those without, had increased MACE (11.1% vs 4.2%, p<0.001) and cardiovascular death (5.7% vs 1.7%, p<0.001). Patients with HBR had increased significant bleeding (3.6% vs 2.3%, p=0.011) and NACE (14.4% vs 5.4%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of HBR and prior history of myocardial infarction were predictors for 1-year MACE (OR 2.67, CI [1.62–4.42], p<0.001 and OR 2.18, CI [1.29–3.70], p=0.004, respectively), whereas the use of second-generation antiplatelet agent was not. Increased MACE and NACE were observed in HBR patients beyond 1 month of DAPT.
Conclusion
Among patients with ACS undergoing PCI, those with HBR had higher risk for both ischemic and bleeding complications. Novel strategies need to be considered for this high-risk group. Current guidelines, recommending 1 year of DAPT for patients with ACS, should be re-evaluated among patients with HBR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Kaplan-Meier curve for 1 year MACEKaplan-Meier curve for 1 year death
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Q Barry
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Boudreau
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - A Chow
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - T Simard
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Y Chong
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Dick
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Froeschl
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C Glover
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B Hibbert
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Labinaz
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Le May
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Russo
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D So
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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6
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Keller P, Mazo I, Gao Y, Reddy V, Caballero F, Stephens B, Marvin J, Fu A, Sun Y, Jenkins R, von Andrian U, Mempel T. 1020P MPT-0118 a clinical drug candidate to assess Treg reprogramming via MALT1 blockade. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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Wang CH, Lundh M, Fu A, Kriszt R, Huang TL, Lynes MD, Leiria LO, Shamsi F, Darcy J, Greenwood BP, Narain NR, Tolstikov V, Smith KL, Emanuelli B, Chang YT, Hagen S, Danial NN, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH. CRISPR-engineered human brown-like adipocytes prevent diet-induced obesity and ameliorate metabolic syndrome in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/558/eaaz8664. [PMID: 32848096 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brown and brown-like beige/brite adipocytes dissipate energy and have been proposed as therapeutic targets to combat metabolic disorders. However, the therapeutic effects of cell-based therapy in humans remain unclear. Here, we created human brown-like (HUMBLE) cells by engineering human white preadipocytes using CRISPR-Cas9-SAM-gRNA to activate endogenous uncoupling protein 1 expression. Obese mice that received HUMBLE cell transplants showed a sustained improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as increased energy expenditure. Mechanistically, increased arginine/nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in HUMBLE adipocytes promoted the production of NO that was carried by S-nitrosothiols and nitrite in red blood cells to activate endogenous brown fat and improved glucose homeostasis in recipient animals. Together, these data demonstrate the utility of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to engineer human white adipocytes to display brown fat-like phenotypes and may open up cell-based therapeutic opportunities to combat obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Morten Lundh
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.,Gubra Aps, Hørsholm, DK-2970, Denmark
| | - Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rókus Kriszt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.,Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle L Smith
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 34126, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Mills EL, Harmon C, Jedrychowski MP, Xiao H, Garrity R, Tran NV, Bradshaw GA, Fu A, Szpyt J, Reddy A, Prendeville H, Danial NN, Gygi SP, Lynch L, Chouchani ET. UCP1 governs liver extracellular succinate and inflammatory pathogenesis. Nat Metab 2021; 3:604-617. [PMID: 34002097 PMCID: PMC8207988 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent liver pathology worldwide, is intimately linked with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Liver inflammation is a hallmark of NAFLD and is thought to contribute to tissue fibrosis and disease pathogenesis. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is exclusively expressed in brown and beige adipocytes, and has been extensively studied for its capacity to elevate thermogenesis and reverse obesity. Here we identify an endocrine pathway regulated by UCP1 that antagonizes liver inflammation and pathology, independent of effects on obesity. We show that, without UCP1, brown and beige fat exhibit a diminished capacity to clear succinate from the circulation. Moreover, UCP1KO mice exhibit elevated extracellular succinate in liver tissue that drives inflammation through ligation of its cognate receptor succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) in liver-resident stellate cell and macrophage populations. Conversely, increasing brown and beige adipocyte content in mice antagonizes SUCNR1-dependent inflammatory signalling in the liver. We show that this UCP1-succinate-SUCNR1 axis is necessary to regulate liver immune cell infiltration and pathology, and systemic glucose intolerance in an obesogenic environment. As such, the therapeutic use of brown and beige adipocytes and UCP1 extends beyond thermogenesis and may be leveraged to antagonize NAFLD and SUCNR1-dependent liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cathal Harmon
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Garrity
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nhien V Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary A Bradshaw
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Prendeville
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Boudreau R, Fu A, Barry Q, Tran U, Perry-Nuygen D, Simard T, Le May M, Labinaz L, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Hibbert B, Chong A, So D. Comparing clinical outcomes following 1 year of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients risk stratified by the PRECISE-DAPT and DAPT scores. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the standard of care following PCI. DAPT reduces ischemic events but increases bleeding risk. Duration of DAPT following PCI remains controversial. Current guidelines recommend duration be individualized based on risk of ischemia and bleeding. Although multiple strategies exist to risk stratify patients, including application of the PRECISE-DAPT and DAPT scores, there is currently no standardized risk assessment protocol.
Purpose
To determine if the PRECISE-DAPT and DAPT scores can identify patients at increased risk of ischemia or bleeding in a cohort prescribed 12 months of DAPT following PCI.
Methods
We calculated the PRECISE-DAPT and DAPT scores for 469 consecutive patients at baseline after PCI. Patients were grouped based on score treatment recommendation; PRECISE-DAPT prolonged or shortened (PRECISE DAPT <25 vs. ≥25) and DAPT prolonged or shortened (DAPT ≥2 vs <2). End points included 1-year rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and TIMI major or minor bleeding.
Results
Among 469 patients, mean age was 64.4 (SD 12.2); 102 (21.7%) were women. Index presentation consisted of a STEMI in 207 (44.1%), NSTEMI in 99 (21.1%), and UA in 60 (12.8%). At presentation, 174 (37.1%) were current smokers, 115 (24.5%) had a prior MI, 118 (25.2%) had diabetes, 249 (53.1%) had dyslipidemia and 281 (60.0%) were previously diagnosed as hypertensive. Overall, there was an increase in bleeding and no difference in MACE for patients with a PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 (13.3% vs. 4.1% P<0.001). No difference in bleeding or MACE was present in patients stratified by the DAPT score.
Conclusion
A PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 was associated with an increased rate of bleeding and no difference in MACE in patients prescribed 12 months of DAPT. This supports the use of the PRECISE-DAPT as a prospective tool in clinical practice.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boudreau
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Fu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Q Barry
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - U Tran
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - T Simard
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Le May
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L Labinaz
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Dick
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C Glover
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Froeschl
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B Hibbert
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Chong
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D So
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Bird GH, Fu A, Escudero S, Godes M, Opoku-Nsiah K, Wales TE, Cameron MD, Engen JR, Danial NN, Walensky LD. Hydrocarbon-Stitched Peptide Agonists of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1340-1348. [PMID: 32348108 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a natural peptide agonist of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) found on pancreatic β-cells. Engagement of the receptor stimulates insulin release in a glucose-dependent fashion and increases β-cell mass, two ideal features for pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes. Thus, intensive efforts have focused on developing GLP-1-based peptide agonists of GLP-1R for therapeutic application. A primary challenge has been the naturally short half-life of GLP-1 due to its rapid proteolytic degradation in vivo. Whereas mutagenesis and lipidation strategies have yielded clinical agents, we developed an alternative approach to preserving the structure and function of GLP-1 by all-hydrocarbon i, i + 7 stitching. This particular "stitch" is especially well-suited for reinforcing and protecting the structural fidelity of GLP-1. Lead constructs demonstrate striking proteolytic stability and potent biological activity in vivo. Thus, we report a facile approach to generating alternative GLP-1R agonists for glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H. Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Silvia Escudero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Marina Godes
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kwadwo Opoku-Nsiah
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas E. Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- DMPK Core, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nika N. Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Loren D. Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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11
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Fu A, Alvarez-Perez JC, Avizonis D, Kin T, Ficarro SB, Choi DW, Karakose E, Badur MG, Evans L, Rosselot C, Bridon G, Bird GH, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Kamphorst JJ, Stewart AF, James Shapiro AM, Marto JA, Walensky LD, Jones RG, Garcia-Ocana A, Danial NN. Glucose-dependent partitioning of arginine to the urea cycle protects β-cells from inflammation. Nat Metab 2020; 2:432-446. [PMID: 32694660 PMCID: PMC7568475 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to diverse disease processes, but the intrinsic mechanisms that determine cellular sensitivity to inflammation are incompletely understood. Here, we show the contribution of glucose metabolism to inflammation-induced changes in the survival of pancreatic islet β-cells. Using metabolomic, biochemical and functional analyses, we investigate the protective versus non-protective effects of glucose in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When protective, glucose metabolism augments anaplerotic input into the TCA cycle via pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity, leading to increased aspartate levels. This metabolic mechanism supports the argininosuccinate shunt, which fuels ureagenesis from arginine and conversely diminishes arginine utilization for production of nitric oxide (NO), a chief mediator of inflammatory cytotoxicity. Activation of the PC-urea cycle axis is sufficient to suppress NO synthesis and shield cells from death in the context of inflammation and other stress paradigms. Overall, these studies uncover a previously unappreciated link between glucose metabolism and arginine-utilizing pathways via PC-directed ureagenesis as a protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Perez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esra Karakose
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lindsay Evans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaelle Bridon
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocana
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Barry Q, Fu A, Boudreau R, Perry-Nguyen D, Tran U, Simard T, Le May M, Labinaz M, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Hibbert B, Chong A, So D. OUTCOMES OF APPROPRIATE VERSUS INAPPROPRIATE DE-ESCALATION OF P2Y12 INHIBITOR THERAPY POST PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Boudreau R, Fu A, Barry Q, Perry-Nguyen D, Tran U, Simmard T, Le May M, Labinaz M, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Hibbert B, Chong AY, So D. P1933Comparing treatment recommendations for the DAPT and PRECISE-DAPT scores after percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor, is the standard therapy for patients following PCI. Duration of treatment with DAPT has been controversial despite large studies. Current guidelines recommend treatment duration be individualized based on risk of ischemia and bleeding. To facilitate treatment decisions, risk assessment tools, including the DAPT and PRECISE-DAPT scores, have been developed.
Purpose
As components of these scores differ, the variability of recommendation remains unknown. We set to evaluate inter-tool concordance in treatment recommendation in a cohort of patients after PCI.
Methods
Using data from our local PCI registry, we calculated the PRECISE-DAPT at baseline following PCI and the DAPT after 1 year of treatment for 311 consecutive patients with complete data for both scores to be calculated. Based on their DAPT and PRECISE-DAPT scores, patients were grouped into concordant for long-term treatment (DAPT ≥2 and PRECISE-DAPT <25) or concordant for shortened treatment (DAPT <2 and PRECISE- DAPT ≥25). All other patients were considered discordant. We then performed a concordance analysis using Cohen's kappa to measure degree of agreement.
Results
Among the 311 patients, mean age was 63.4 (SD 11.6); 245 (79%) were men, 93 (29.9%) had history of a prior MI, 130 (41.8%) were current smokers, 32 (10.3%) had a history of CHF or LVEF <30%, 82 (26.3%) had diabetes and 196 (63.0%) were previously diagnosed with hypertension. Index event consisted of a STEMI in 101 (32.4%), NSTEMI in 93 (29.9%), unstable angina in 27 (8.7%), stable angina in 67 (21.5%) and the remaining 23 (7.4%) had other indications for PCI. Mean DAPT score was 1.52 (SD 1.37). Mean PRECISE-DAPT was 17.65 (SD 12.73). The DAPT recommended long-term treatment for 162 (52.1%) and shortened treatment for 149 (47.9%). The PRECISE-DAPT recommended long-term treatment for 245 (78.9%) and shortened treatment for 66 (21.2%). The overall proportion of agreement between the two risk scores was 56.6% with a Cohen's kappa index of 0.110 (95% CI, 0.017 to 0.204). See Table.
Concordance Analysis PRECISE-DAPT Score Recommendation Long Term (N=245) Shortened (N=66) DAPT Score Recommendation Long Term (N=162) 136 (43.7%) 26 (8.4%) Concordant for Long Term Treatment Shortened (N=149) 109 (35%) 40 (12.8%) Concordant for Shortened Treatment
Conclusion
Comparison of the DAPT score and the PRECISE-DAPT score showed concordance in treatment recommendation in only 56.6% of patients. Given the poor agreement between these tools, prospective concurrent evaluations and correlation to outcomes will be required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boudreau
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Fu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Q Barry
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - U Tran
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - T Simmard
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Le May
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Labinaz
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Dick
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C Glover
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Froeschl
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B Hibbert
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A Y Chong
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D So
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Fu A, Parker A, Qiu M. 43. Diagnostic dilemma on extensive squamous metaplasia of ischemic warthin's tumour vs mucoepidermoid carcinoma of warthin's tumour – Case report and literature review. Pathology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mo Q, Fu A, Lin Z, Wang W, Gong L, Li W. Expression and purification of antimicrobial peptide AP2 using SUMO fusion partner technology inEscherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:606-613. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Mo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - A. Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study; Westlake University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Z. Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - W. Wang
- Linyi Institute for Food and Drug Control; Linyi Shandong China
| | - L. Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - W. Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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Fu A, Barry Q, Boudreau R, Perry-Nguyen D, Tran U, Simard T, Le May M, Labinaz M, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Hibbert B, Chong A, So D. INCIDENCE AND RATIONALE FOR P2Y12 INHIBITOR SWITCHING IN PATIENTS WITHIN 1 YEAR OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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17
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Barry Q, Fu A, Boudreau R, Simard T, Le May M, Labinaz M, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Hibbert B, Chong A, So D, Perry-Nguyen D, Tran U. APPROPRIATE VERSES INAPPROPRIATE DE-ESCALATION OF P2Y12 INHIBITOR THERAPY POST PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Moawad G, Liu E, Song C, Tackett S, Fu A. Preoperative Factors and Surgical Routes for Outpatient Migration of Benign Hysterectomy in United States, 2008–2014. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.08.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Fu A, Weber CE, Vialet T, Talmont E, Hirsch G, Gilmore E, Davis A, Westhoff C. A noninferiority randomized controlled trial to compare transabdominal and transvaginal sonography for eligibility assessment prior to medical abortion. Contraception 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Scheerer MF, Kosiborod M, Cavender M, Fu A, Wilding J, Norhammar A, Birkeland K, Jorgensen M, Thuresson M, Arya N, Bodegard J, Hammar N, Holl RW, Fenici P. Positive Einflüsse auf die Hospitalisierung für Herzinsuffizienz (HHI) und Gesamtmortalität bei Neueinstellung auf SGLT-2 Inhibitoren im Vergleich zu anderen Antidiabetika: Gesamtergebnisse von mehr als 300.000 Patienten aus dem klinischen Alltag – CVD-REAL Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MF Scheerer
- AstraZeneca GmbH, Medical Affairs, Wedel, Germany
| | - M Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, United States
| | - M Cavender
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - A Fu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, United States
| | - J Wilding
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - M Jorgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - N Arya
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, United States
| | | | - N Hammar
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - RW Holl
- University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Fenici
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Moawad G, Liu E, Song C, Lavin J, Tackett S, Fu A. 65: Preoperative factors and surgical routes for outpatient migration of benign hysterectomy in United States, 2008-2014. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Mitochondria possess oxygen-consuming respiratory electron transfer chains (RETCs), and the oxygen-evolving photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC) resides in chloroplasts. Evolutionarily mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from ancient α-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively. However, cyanobacteria harbor both RETC and PETC on their thylakoid membranes. It is proposed that chloroplasts could possess a RETC on the thylakoid membrane, in addition to PETC. Identification of a plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in the chloroplast from the Arabidopsis variegation mutant immutans (im) demonstrated the presence of a RETC in chloroplasts, and the PTOX is the committed oxidase. PTOX is distantly related to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX), which is responsible for the CN-insensitive alternative RETC. Similar to AOX, an ubiquinol (UQH2) oxidase, PTOX is a plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidase on the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Lack of PTOX, Arabidopsis im showed a light-dependent variegation phenotype; and mutant plants will not survive the mediocre light intensity during its early development stage. PTOX is very important for carotenoid biosynthesis, since the phytoene desaturation, a key step in the carotenoid biosynthesis, is blocked in the white sectors of Arabidopsis im mutant. PTOX is found to be a stress-related protein in numerous research instances. It is generally believed that PTOX can protect plants from various environmental stresses, especially high light stress. PTOX also plays significant roles in chloroplast development and plant morphogenesis. Global physiological roles played by PTOX could be a direct or indirect consequence of its PQH2 oxidase activity to maintain the PQ pool redox state on the thylakoid membrane. The PTOX-dependent chloroplast RETC (so-called chlororespiration) does not contribute significantly when chloroplast PETC is normally developed and functions well. However, PTOX-mediated RETC could be the major force to regulate the PQ pool redox balance in the darkness, under conditions of stress, in nonphotosynthetic plastids, especially in the early development from proplastids to chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - A Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China.
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Ungun B, Fu A, Boyd S, Xing L. SU-F-T-340: Direct Editing of Dose Volume Histograms: Algorithms and a Unified Convex Formulation for Treatment Planning with Dose Constraints. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Fu A, Johnston S, Sheehan J, Ghannam A, Tsai K, Rist R. Risiko von Hospitalisierung aufgrund von Herzinsuffizienz unter Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 Inhibitoren vs. Sulfonylharnstoffen und unter Saxagliptin vs. Sitagliptin anhand einer U.S. Versichertendatenbank. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Robitaille K, Rourke JL, McBane JE, Fu A, Baird S, Du Q, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ, Screaton RA. High-throughput Functional Genomics Identifies Regulators of Primary Human Beta Cell Proliferation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4614-25. [PMID: 26740620 PMCID: PMC4813485 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of cells for regenerative therapy will require the genetic dissection of complex regulatory mechanisms governing the proliferation of non-transformed human cells. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput RNAi screening strategy specifically for use in primary cells and demonstrate that silencing the cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2C/p18 or CDKN1A/p21 facilitates cell cycle entry of quiescent adult human pancreatic beta cells. This work identifies p18 and p21 as novel targets for promoting proliferation of human beta cells and demonstrates the promise of functional genetic screens for dissecting therapeutically relevant state changes in primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Robitaille
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1
| | | | - Joanne E McBane
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1
| | - Accalia Fu
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5
| | - Stephen Baird
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1
| | - Qiujiang Du
- the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- the Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 8215-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2C8, and
| | - A M James Shapiro
- the Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 8215-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2C8, and
| | - Robert A Screaton
- the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Dou L, Wong AB, Yu Y, Lai M, Kornienko N, Eaton SW, Fu A, Bischak CG, Ma J, Ding T, Ginsberg NS, Wang LW, Alivisatos AP, Yang P. Atomically thin two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Science 2015; 349:1518-21. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 991] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fu A, Robitaille K, Faubert B, Reeks C, Dai XQ, Hardy AB, Sankar KS, Ogrel S, Al-Dirbashi OY, Rocheleau JV, Wheeler MB, MacDonald PE, Jones R, Screaton RA. LKB1 couples glucose metabolism to insulin secretion in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1513-22. [PMID: 25874445 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Precise regulation of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell is essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Insulin secretory activity is initiated by the stepwise breakdown of ambient glucose to increase cellular ATP via glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Knockout of Lkb1, the gene encoding liver kinase B1 (LKB1) from the beta cell in mice enhances insulin secretory activity by an undefined mechanism. Here, we sought to determine the molecular basis for how deletion of Lkb1 promotes insulin secretion. METHODS To explore the role of LKB1 on individual steps in the insulin secretion pathway, we used mitochondrial functional analyses, electrophysiology and metabolic tracing coupled with by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Beta cells lacking LKB1 surprisingly display impaired mitochondrial metabolism and lower ATP levels following glucose stimulation, yet compensate for this by upregulating both uptake and synthesis of glutamine, leading to increased production of citrate. Furthermore, under low glucose conditions, Lkb1(-/-) beta cells fail to inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the rate-limiting enzyme in lipid synthesis, and consequently accumulate NEFA and display increased membrane excitability. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, our data show that LKB1 plays a critical role in coupling glucose metabolism to insulin secretion, and factors in addition to ATP act as coupling intermediates between feeding cues and secretion. Our data suggest that beta cells lacking LKB1 could be used as a system to identify additional molecular events that connect metabolism to cellular excitation in the insulin secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, Canada
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Ljubicic S, Polak K, Fu A, Wiwczar J, Szlyk B, Chang Y, Alvarez-Perez JC, Bird GH, Walensky LD, Garcia-Ocaña A, Danial NN. Phospho-BAD BH3 mimicry protects β cells and restores functional β cell mass in diabetes. Cell Rep 2015; 10:497-504. [PMID: 25640178 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies that simultaneously enhance the survival and glucose responsiveness of insulin-producing β cells will greatly augment β cell replacement therapies in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We show that genetic and pharmacologic mimetics of the phosphorylated BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain of BAD impart β-cell-autonomous protective effects in the face of stress stimuli relevant to β cell demise in T1D. Importantly, these benefits translate into improved engraftment of donor islets in transplanted diabetic mice, increased β cell viability in islet grafts, restoration of insulin release, and diabetes reversal. Survival of β cells in this setting is not merely due to the inability of phospho-BAD to suppress prosurvival BCL-2 proteins but requires its activation of the glucose-metabolizing enzyme glucokinase. Thus, BAD phospho-BH3 mimetics may prove useful in the restoration of functional β cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Ljubicic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Klaudia Polak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Wiwczar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Szlyk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yigang Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Juan C Alvarez-Perez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dashwood A, Fu A, Stangoni S. Audit on treatment of infective endocarditits in a rural hospital. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fu A, Abunassar J, Le May M, Chong A, Labinaz M, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Marquis J, Malhotra N, Tran L, Hibbert B, So D. TICAGRELOR VERSUS CLOPIDOGREL AMONG PATIENTS USING TRIPLE THERAPY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: THE CAPITAL ATACC STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Malhotra N, Abunassar J, Fu A, Hibbert B, Labinaz M, Dick A, Glover C, Froeschl M, Marquis J, Chong A, Le May M, Bernick J, So D. A PHARMACODYNAMIC COMPARISON OF PERSONALIZED STRATEGY TO ANTIPLATLET THERAPY AGAINST TICAGRELOR IN ACHIEVING A THERAPEUTIC WINDOW. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Mouzaki M, Yap J, Avinashi V, Babu A, Fu A, Deangelis M, Van Roestel K, Ghanekar A, Kamath B, Avitzur Y, Fecteau A, Jones N, Ling S, Grant D, Ng V. Basiliximab with delayed introduction of calcineurin inhibitors as a renal-sparing protocol following liver transplantation in children with renal impairment. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:751-6. [PMID: 24118898 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal impairment is frequently compromised in patients with end-stage liver disease and is associated with increased long-term mortality post-LT. In contrast to CNI, basiliximab is an immunosuppressive agent with minimal nephrotoxic potential. This study reviews the experience of a single pediatric liver transplant center's renal-sparing approach with the use of basiliximab and MMF to compensate for delayed entry of CNI in children with renal impairment at the time of organ availability. There were no differences in renal function between pediatric patients with and without pre-LT renal impairment within the first year (cGFR: 135 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 144 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; p = 0.56) or at 5-8 yr following LT, (129 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 130 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; p = 0.97). In addition, there was no difference in ACR rates (50% vs. 43%, p = 0.62) between patients in the basiliximab group and those patients receiving standard CNI and steroid strategies. The utilization of a renal-sparing approach with basiliximab alongside delayed entry and lower early target trough levels of CNI in children with renal impairment at the time of LT is safe and maintains excellent long-term kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mouzaki
- SickKids Transplant Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sakamaki JI, Fu A, Reeks C, Depatie C, Al Azzabi M, Bardeesy N, Gingras AC, Yee SP, Screaton RA. Role of the Sik2-p35-Pja2 Complex in Pancreatic Beta Cell Functional Compensation. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Fu A, Reeks C, Dai XQ, Hardy A, Wheeler MB, Macdonald PE, Screaton RA. Lkb1 Depletion Enhances Insulin Secretion and K+ATP Channel Closure Despite Impairing Glucose Metabolism. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Previous work in insulinoma cell lines has established that calcineurin plays a critical role in the activation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (Creb), a key transcription factor required for β-cell function and survival, by dephosphorylating the Creb coactivator Creb-regulated transcription coactivator (Crtc)2 at 2 regulatory sites, Ser171 and Ser275. Here, we report that Crtc2 is essential both for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cell survival in the β-cell. Endogenous Crtc2 activation is achieved via increasing glucose levels to the physiological feeding range, indicating that Crtc2 is a sensor that couples ambient glucose concentrations to Creb activity in the β-cell. Immunosuppressant drugs such as cyclosporin A and tacrolimus that target the protein phosphatase calcineurin are commonly administered after organ transplantation. Chronic use is associated with reduced insulin secretion and new onset diabetes, suggestive of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Importantly, we show that overexpression of a Crtc2 mutant rendered constitutively active by introduction of nonphosphorylatable alanine residues at Ser171 and Ser275 permits Creb target gene activation under conditions when calcineurin is inhibited. Taken together, these data suggest that promoting Crtc2-Creb activity is required for β-cell function and proliferation and promoting this pathway could ameliorate symptoms of new onset diabetes after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra E Eberhard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Velenosi T, Feere D, Sohi G, Hardy D, Fu A, Urquhart B. Decreased Nuclear Receptor Activity Mediates Down‐ Regulation of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Chronic Kidney Disease Through Epigenetic Modulation. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.670.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Feere
- Physiology & PharmacologyWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Gurjeev Sohi
- Physiology & PharmacologyWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Daniel Hardy
- Physiology & PharmacologyWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
- Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
| | - A Fu
- Physiology & PharmacologyWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Brad Urquhart
- Physiology & PharmacologyWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
- Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonONCanada
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Abstract
Pharmacological activation of AMP activated kinase (AMPK) by metformin has proven to be a beneficial therapeutic approach for the treatment of type II diabetes. Despite improved glucose regulation achieved by administration of small molecule activators of AMPK, the potential negative impact of enhanced AMPK activity on insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell is an important consideration. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role of AMPK in central functions of the pancreatic beta cell, including glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), proliferation, and survival. In addition we discuss the controversy surrounding the role of AMPK in insulin secretion, underscoring the merits and caveats of methods used to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Yan H, Varki V, Fu A, Hallahan D. Targeting of Radiation Inducible Antigen on Human Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mailloux RJ, Fu A, Robson-Doucette C, Allister EM, Wheeler MB, Screaton R, Harper ME. Glutathionylation state of uncoupling protein-2 and the control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39673-85. [PMID: 23035124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.393538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in glucose-stimulated insulin release remains controversial because ROS have been shown to both amplify and impede insulin release. In regard to preventing insulin release, ROS activates uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. With our recent discovery that the UCP2-mediated proton leak is modulated by reversible glutathionylation, a process responsive to small changes in ROS levels, we resolved to determine whether glutathionylation is required for UCP2 regulation of GSIS. Using Min6 cells and pancreatic islets, we demonstrate that induction of glutathionylation not only deactivates UCP2-mediated proton leak but also enhances GSIS. Conversely, an increase in mitochondrial matrix ROS was found to deglutathionylate and activate UCP2 leak and impede GSIS. Glucose metabolism also decreased the total amount of cellular glutathionylated proteins and increased the cellular glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG). Intriguingly, the provision of extracellular ROS (H(2)O(2), 10 μM) amplified GSIS and also activated UCP2. Collectively, our findings indicate that the glutathionylation status of UCP2 contributes to the regulation of GSIS, and different cellular sites and inducers of ROS can have opposing effects on GSIS, perhaps explaining some of the controversy surrounding the role of ROS in GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5
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Fu A, Leaderer BP, Gent JF, Leaderer D, Zhu Y. An environmental epigenetic study of ADRB2 5'-UTR methylation and childhood asthma severity. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1575-81. [PMID: 22862293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is the primary target of both short- and long-acting beta-agonist asthma medications. ADRB2 5'-UTR methylation changes in blood have the potential to act as a surrogate biomarker of responsiveness to beta-agonist treatment and childhood asthma severity. OBJECTIVE To study the association between ADRB2 5'-UTR methylation, NO (2) exposure and childhood asthma severity. METHODS We compared ADRB2 5'-UTR methylation levels in blood between 60 children with mild asthma and 122 children with severe asthma using methylation-specific PCR. We also investigated potential joint effects between NO (2) exposure and ADRB2 5'-UTR methylation. RESULTS We found a significant association between intermediate (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.58-10.73) and high levels (OR: 7.63, 95% CI: 3.02-19.26) of ADRB2 methylation and severe childhood asthma. In addition, we found a significant association between indoor exposure to NO (2) , an air pollutant and known asthmogen, and severe asthma among children exhibiting high ADRB2 methylation (OR: 4.59, 95% CI: 1.03-20.55) but no association among children exhibiting low levels of ADRB2 methylation (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.01-14.13). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings support the potential use of ADRB2 5'-UTR methylation as a biomarker of both asthma severity and risk for NO (2) -associated asthma exacerbations in children, and present the first evidence of an epigenetic link between an important environmental exposure and childhood asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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41
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Bussolati B, Moggio A, Collino F, Grange C, Camussi G, Cantaluppi V, Gatti S, Medica D, Figliolini F, Bruno S, Deregibus MC, Sordi A, Biancone L, Tetta C, Segoloni GP, Camussi G, Castellano G, Curci C, Stasi A, Cariello M, Loverre A, Simone S, Tataranni T, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G, Battaglia M, Crovace A, Staffieri F, Gesualdo L, Schena FP, Grandaliano G, Kim S, Heo NJ, Lee JW, Oh YK, Na KY, Joo KW, Earm JH, Han JS, Loureiro J, Aguilera A, Selgas R, Sandoval P, Albar-Vizcaino P, Perez-Lozano ML, Ruiz-Carpio V, Borras-Cuesta F, Dotor J, Lopez-Cabrera M, Henley C, Davis J, Lee P, Wong S, Salyers K, Wagner M, Jung J, Nguyen H, van der Valk M, Jackson J, Serafino R, Jin L, Willcockson M, Ward S, Turk J, Lu JYL, Fu A, Richards W, Reagan JD, Medina J, Li AR, Liu J. Experimental models. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Phu DT, Wallbach M, Depatie C, Fu A, Screaton RA, Oetjen E. Regulation of the CREB coactivator TORC by the dual leucine zipper kinase at different levels. Cell Signal 2011; 23:344-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Intranuclear rodlets (INRs) are structures present within the nuclei of human insulin-secreting beta cells of the endocrine pancreas. Their physiological significance, and whether they are altered in disease, is unknown. In the present study, the proportion of pancreatic beta cells containing INRs was examined in mouse models of type II diabetes and in a model with improved beta cell function. To gain insights into the molecular regulators of INR formation, mice with a conditional adult beta cell-specific knockout of the serine/threonine protein kinase Lkb1 (Lkb1 adult beta cell knockout (LABKO) mice) were studied. To investigate INR changes in a pathophysiological context, beta cell INRs were examined in two models of human metabolic syndrome: (1) mice maintained on a high-fat diet and (2) leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The proportion of beta cells containing INRs was significantly reduced in LABKO mice. This reduction was not mediated by two key downstream effectors of Lkb1, mTor and Mark2. High-fat diet regimen reduced beta cell INR frequency by more than 40%, and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice exhibited a dramatically (19-fold) reduced INR frequency relative to wild-type mice. Taken together, our results support the view that INR formation in pancreatic beta cells is a dynamic and regulated process. The substantial depletion of beta cell INRs in LABKO and diabetic mice suggests their relationship to beta cell function and potential involvement in diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Milman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Fu A, Cohen A, Trerotola S. Abstract No. 255: The bumper stitch: A better way to secure tubes? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Fu A, Ng ACH, Depatie C, Wijesekara N, He Y, Wang GS, Bardeesy N, Scott FW, Touyz RM, Wheeler MB, Screaton RA. Loss of Lkb1 in adult beta cells increases beta cell mass and enhances glucose tolerance in mice. Cell Metab 2009; 10:285-95. [PMID: 19808021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Lkb1 tumor suppressor exerts its biological effects through phosphorylation and consequent activation of the AMP kinase (AMPK) family. Extensive genetic and biochemical evidence supports a role for Lkb1 in cell cycle arrest, establishment of cell polarity, and cellular energy metabolism. However, the role of Lkb1 and the AMPK family in beta cell function in vivo has not been established. We generated conditional knockout mice with a deletion of the Lkb1 gene in the beta cell compartment of pancreatic islets; these mice display improved glucose tolerance and protection against diet-induced hyperglycemia. Lkb1(-/-) beta cells are hypertrophic because of elevated mTOR activity; they also proliferate more and secrete more insulin in response to glucose. These data indicate that inhibiting Lkb1 activity in beta cells may facilitate beta cell expansion and glucose tolerance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Abstract
The classical role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as an energy status sensor is expanding to include other members of the AMPK family. Recent genetic and cell biological evidence points to a role for MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2/EMK/Par1b) in the regulation of metabolic events as well as in the control of CREB-dependent transcription activated by glucose in pancreatic islet beta cells. We have recently developed an in vitro kinase screening platform to identify novel kinase:substrate pairs, the building blocks of signal transduction pathways. Application of this technology led us to identify MARK2 as the kinase that targets a novel glucose-regulated phosphorylation site on Transducer of Regulated CREB Activity 2 (TORC2, referred to as CREB-Regulated Transcriptional Coactivator 2, or CRTC2), a transcriptional coactivator essential for CREB activity in beta cells. We discuss these recent developments and suggest a model whereby members of the AMPK family integrate numerous signals to coordinate energy metabolism and cellular polarity with gene expression to regulate cell function/proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Diaz R, Hariri G, Passarella R, Wu H, Fu A, Hallahan D. Radiation-guided Platinum Drug Delivery using Recombinant Peptides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Geng L, Onishko H, Fu A, Hallahan D. Adoptive T-cell Therapy against Melanoma in Mouse Model Improved by Irradiated B16F0 Vaccine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Zhang J, Qin Y, Fu A, Tang J, Chen G, Cai D, Han J. Electro-acupuncture-mediated gene transfer. Sci China C Life Sci 2008; 41:555-60. [PMID: 18726239 DOI: 10.1007/bf02882895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/1998] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer is one of the key techniques in gene therapy application. Unfortunately, it seems that by now, there still exists no approach with simplicity, easiness, efficiency and safety. A novel method for gene delivery, electro-acupuncture needle-mediated gene transfer which combined the Chinese traditional acupuncture with modem gene introduction, was developed. With acupuncture needle carrying exogenous gene into muscle after direct electronic stimuli, efficient gene delivery was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Beijing Medical University, China
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50
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Sherman EL, Nkrumah JD, Murdoch BM, Li C, Wang Z, Fu A, Moore SS. Polymorphisms and haplotypes in the bovine neuropeptide Y, growth hormone receptor, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor 2, and uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 genes and their associations with measures of growth, performance, feed efficiency, and carcass merit in beef cattle1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1-16. [PMID: 17785604 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes that regulate metabolism and energy partitioning have the potential to influence economically important traits in farm animals, as do polymorphisms within these genes. In the current study, SNP in the bovine neuropeptide Y (NPY), growth hormone receptor (GHR), ghrelin (GHRL), uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3), IGF2, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and GH genes were evaluated for associations with growth, feed efficiency, and carcass merit in beef steers. In total, 24 SNP were evaluated for associations with these traits and haplotypes were constructed within each gene when 2 or more SNP showed significant associations. An A/G SNP located in intron 4 of the GHR gene had the largest effects on BW of the animals (dominance effect P < 0.01) and feed efficiency (allele substitution effect P < 0.05). Another A/G SNP located in the promoter region of GHR had similar effects but the haplotypes of these 2 SNP reduced the effects of the SNP located in intron 4. Three SNP in the NPY gene showed associations to marbling (P < 0.001) as well as with ADG, BW, and feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05). The combination of these 3 SNP into haplotypes generally improved the association or had a similar scale of association as each single SNP. Only 1 SNP in UCP3, an A/G SNP in intron 3, was associated with ADG (P = 0.025), partial efficiency of growth, and FCR (P < 0.01). Three SNP in UCP2 gene were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium and showed associations with lean meat yield, yield grade, DMI, and BW (P < 0.05). Haplo-types between the SNP in UCP3 and UCP2 generally reduced the associations seen individually in each SNP. An A/G SNP in the GHRL gene tended to show effects on residual feed intake, FCR, and partial efficiency of growth (P < 0.10). The IGF2 SNP most strongly affected LM area (P < 0.01), back fat, ADG, and FCR (P < 0.05). The SNP in the CART, MC4R, POMC, GH, and CRH genes did not show associations at P < 0.05 with any of the traits. Although most of the SNP that showed associations do not cause amino acid changes, these SNP could be linked to other yet to be detected causative mutations or nearby QTL. It will be very important to verify these results in other cattle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sherman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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