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Rowe JC, Winston JA, Parker VJ, McCool KE, Suchodolski JS, Lopes R, Steiner JM, Gilor C, Rudinsky AJ. Gut microbiota promoting propionic acid production accompanies diet-induced intentional weight loss in cats. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3273531. [PMID: 37693421 PMCID: PMC10491335 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3273531/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models and human clinical studies have shown gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play roles in obesity and insulin resistance. These roles have been minimally explored in cats, where in the USA an estimated 60% of cats are overweight or obese. Overweight/obese research cats (n = 7) were transitioned from a maintenance diet to a reduced calorie diet fed ad libitum for seven days, then calories were restricted to achieve 1-2% weight loss per week for an additional 77 days. Cats then received their original maintenance diet again for 14 days. Significant intentional weight loss was noted after calorie restriction (adjusted p < 0.0001). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and targeted SCFA metabolomics were performed on fecal samples. Fecal microbial community structure significantly differed between the four study phases (PERMANOVA p = 0.011). Fecal propionic acid was significantly higher during diet-induced weight loss (adjusted p < 0.05). Spearman correlation revealed the relative abundances of Prevotella 9 copri (ρ = 0.6385, p = 0.0006) and Blautia caecimuris (ρ = 0.5269, p = 0.0068) were significantly correlated with propionic acid composition. Like humans, obese cats experienced an altered microbial community structure and function, favoring propionic acid production, during diet-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rowe
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - J A Winston
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - V J Parker
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - K E McCool
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - R Lopes
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - J M Steiner
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - C Gilor
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - A J Rudinsky
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
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Sahoo DK, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Parker V, Rudinsky AJ, Winston JA, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ackermann M, Heilmann RM, Köller G, Yuan L, Stewart T, Morgan S, Scheunemann KR, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Gabriel V, Zdyrski C, Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, Jergens AE. Synbiotic-IgY Therapy Modulates the Mucosal Microbiome and Inflammatory Indices in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010025. [PMID: 36669027 PMCID: PMC9867299 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CE) is a common cause of persistent gastrointestinal signs and intestinal inflammation in dogs. Since evidence links dysbiosis to mucosal inflammation, probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination (synbiotics) may reduce intestinal inflammation and ameliorate dysbiosis in affected dogs. This study's aim was to investigate the effects of the synbiotic-IgY supplement on clinical signs, inflammatory indices, and mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE. Dogs with CE were enrolled in a randomized prospective trial. Twenty-four client-owned dogs were fed a hydrolyzed diet and administered supplement or placebo (diet) for 6 weeks. Dogs were evaluated at diagnosis and 2- and 6-week post-treatment. Outcome measures included clinical activity, endoscopic and histologic scores, inflammatory markers (fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein), and composition of the mucosal microbiota via FISH. Eleven supplement- and nine placebo-treated dogs completed the trial. After 6 weeks of therapy, clinical activity and endoscopic scores decreased in both groups. Compared to placebo-treated dogs, dogs administered supplement showed decreased calprotectin at 2-week post-treatment, decreased CRP at 2- and 6-week post-treatment increased mucosal Clostridia and Bacteroides and decreased Enterobacteriaceae in colonic biopsies at trial completion. Results suggest a beneficial effect of diet and supplements on host responses and mucosal microbiota in dogs with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (A.E.J.)
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Valerie Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam Joseph Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- National Animal Disease Center USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Gabor Köller
- Department for Large Animals, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Lingnan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tracey Stewart
- Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Shannon Morgan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Scheunemann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Vojtech Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (A.E.J.)
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Cavett CL, Tonero M, Marks SL, Winston JA, Gilor C, Rudinsky AJ. Consistency of faecal scoring using two canine faecal scoring systems. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:167-173. [PMID: 33491796 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the agreement of canine faecal scoring between individuals with different levels of experience using two available faecal scoring systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Naturally-voided, undisturbed bowel movements from 126 dogs were evaluated by veterinarians (n = 3) and members of the lay public (n = 126) within 15 minutes of defecation. Each participant was provided a copy of the Purina and Waltham faecal scoring charts in order to characterise the faeces. Agreement between veterinarians and lay people was assessed with kappa statistics, Bland-Altman analysis and visualised with Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Variable levels of consistency were observed in assessing faecal form among individuals with varying degrees of experience. Fair to substantial agreement existed between individual veterinarians scoring the same bowel movement (kappa statistic ranging from 0.40 to 0.77 on the Purina Scale and 0.54 to 0.61 on the Waltham Scale), while the agreement scores between the veterinarian and the lay public was fair (kappa statistic of 0.38 on the Purina Scale and 0.34 on the Waltham Scale). Disagreement in faecal scores occurred more frequently with lay people versus veterinarians. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The consistency of faecal scoring improved based on the level of experience with the highest agreement consistently noted between veterinarians. In all comparisons, there was inconsistency in faecal scoring which might have implications for veterinarians managing diarrhoeic canine patients. Further studies are needed to better investigate how faecal scoring can be optimised for use in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cavett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine (Cavett, Tonero), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - M Tonero
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine (Cavett, Tonero), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - S L Marks
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology (Marks), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - J A Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Winston, Rudinsky), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.,Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP) (Winston, Rudinsky), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Gilor), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32608, USA
| | - A J Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Winston, Rudinsky), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.,Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP) (Winston, Rudinsky), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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McCool KE, Rudinsky AJ, Parker VJ, Herbert CO, Gilor C. The effect of diet, adiposity, and weight loss on the secretion of incretin hormones in cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 62:67-75. [PMID: 29128557 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Degree of adiposity and dietary macronutrient composition affect incretin hormone secretion in humans and mice, but little is known about their effect in cats. In this study, 7 overweight cats were fed a maintenance diet (MD) for at least 2 wk followed by a reduced calorie diet (RCD), which was lower in fat and higher in carbohydrates and fiber. Cats were fed ad libitum initially, and then, food was restricted to achieve 1%-2% loss of body weight weekly (11 wk). When lean, cats were fed MD for 2 wk. A standardized meal test (SMT) using a third diet was performed after at least 7 d on each diet, before and after weight loss (four SMT's total). Glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentrations were measured immediately before and over 6 h after feeding the SMT. Area under the curve (AUC) was compared for GLP-1, GIP, and insulin concentrations using 2-way analysis of variance. Leaner cats had increased GIPAUC compared to obese cats (P = 0.025). There was a trend toward increased GIPAUC on RCD compared to the MD (P = 0.085). There was a moderate negative correlation between body fat percentage and GLP-1AUC (r = -0.45; P = 0.05). There was no effect of diet on GLP-1AUC. In conclusion, degree of adiposity and dietary macronutrient content could be important in determining GIP responses not only acutely but also on a long-term basis. Further investigation of GIP responses in cats should take both diet and degree of adiposity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E McCool
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A J Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - V J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C O Herbert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Rudinsky AJ, Howard JP, Bishop MA, Sherding RG, Parker VJ, Gilor C. Dietary management of presumptive protein-losing enteropathy in Yorkshire terriers. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:103-108. [PMID: 28160309 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical outcome of dietary management of Yorkshire terriers with protein-losing enteropathy without immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory medications. METHODS Records were searched for Yorkshire terriers with hypoalbuminaemia and a clinical diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy that were managed with diet and without immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory medications. Serum albumin changes were compared using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index scores were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Eleven cases were identified. Clinical signs were variable including: diarrhoea, respiratory signs, vomiting, lethargy and weight loss. Diets fed included home cooked (n=5); Royal Canin Gastrointestinal Low Fat (n=4); Hill's Prescription Diet i/d Low Fat (n=1); or Purina HA Hypoallergenic (n=1). Clinical signs resolved completely in eight dogs, partially resolved in two dogs and failed to respond in one dog. In dogs that responded, albumin significantly improved from baseline (mean 14·9 g/L, sd ±3·7), at 2 to 4 weeks (mean 24·2 g/L, sd ±5·5, P=0·01), and at 3 to 4 months (mean 27·0 g/dL, sd ±5·9, P=0·01). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that dietary management of protein-losing enteropathy is a potential management strategy in Yorkshire terriers. Randomised clinical trials in Yorkshire terriers with protein-losing enteropathy are necessary to compare success rate, survival and quality of life with dietary management versus combined dietary and immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rudinsky
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J P Howard
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M A Bishop
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - R G Sherding
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - V J Parker
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Rudinsky AJ, Parker VJ, Guillaumin J. Mesenteric thrombus associated with pulmonary, splenic, portal, and caval thrombi in a dog that was presented for an acute abdomen. Can Vet J 2016; 57:1072-1076. [PMID: 27708446 PMCID: PMC5026148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old Labrador retriever dog was presented for acute abdominal pain. A tentative diagnosis of mesenteric thrombosis was established antemortem. The dog was treated with supportive care and anti-coagulation but was ultimately euthanized due to disease-related complications. Necropsy examination confirmed an acute mesenteric thrombus along with widespread thromboembolic disease. Potential causes were protein-losing nephropathy, hepatopathy, and/or corticosteroid administration.
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Rudinsky AJ, Clark ES, Russell DS, Gilor C. Adrenal insufficiency secondary to lymphocytic panhypophysitis in a cat. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:327-31. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AJ Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - ES Clark
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - DS Russell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - C Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
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Rudinsky AJ, Adin CA, Borin-Crivellenti S, Rajala-Schultz P, Hall MJ, Gilor C. Pharmacology of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exenatide extended-release in healthy cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 51:78-85. [PMID: 25594949 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exenatide extended-release (ER) is a microencapsulated formulation of the glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonist exenatide. It has a protracted pharmacokinetic profile that allows a once-weekly injection with comparable efficacy to insulin with an improved safety profile in type II diabetic people. Here, we studied the pharmacology of exenatide ER in 6 healthy cats. A single subcutaneous injection of exenatide ER (0.13 mg/kg) was administered on day 0. Exenatide concentrations were measured for 12 wk. A hyperglycemic clamp (target = 225 mg/dL) was performed on days -7 (clamp I) and 21 (clamp II) with measurements of insulin and glucagon concentrations. Glucose tolerance was defined as the amount of glucose required to maintain hyperglycemia during the clamp. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed on weeks 0, 2, and 6 after injection. Plasma concentrations of exenatide peaked at 1 h and 4 wk after injection. Comparing clamp I with clamp II, fasting blood glucose decreased (mean ± standard deviation = -11 ± 8 mg/dL, P = 0.02), glucose tolerance improved (median [range] +33% [4%-138%], P = 0.04), insulin concentrations increased (+36.5% [-9.9% to 274.1%], P = 0.02), and glucagon concentrations decreased (-4.7% [0%-12.1%], P = 0.005). Compared with preinjection values on continuous glucose monitoring, glucose concentrations decreased and the frequency of readings <50 mg/dL increased at 2 and 6 wk after injection of exenatide ER. This did not correspond to clinical hypoglycemia. No other side effects were observed throughout the study. Exenatide ER was safe and effective in improving glucose tolerance 3 wk after a single injection. Further evaluation is needed to determine its safety, efficacy, and duration of action in diabetic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C A Adin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S Borin-Crivellenti
- FAPESP (#2013/00027-6) and FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Rajala-Schultz
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M J Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Hall MJ, Adin CA, Borin-Crivellenti S, Rudinsky AJ, Rajala-Schultz P, Lakritz J, Gilor C. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in healthy cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 51:114-21. [PMID: 25625650 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hormone that induces glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 also increases beta cell mass and satiation while decelerating gastric emptying. Liraglutide is a fatty-acid derivative of GLP-1 with a protracted pharmacokinetic profile that is used in people for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of liraglutide in healthy cats. Hyperglycemic clamps were performed on days 0 (HGC) and 14 (LgHGC) in 7 healthy cats. Liraglutide was administered subcutaneously (0.6 mg/cat) once daily on days 8 through 14. Compared with the HGC (mean ± standard deviation; 455.5 ± 115.8 ng/L), insulin concentrations during LgHGC were increased (760.8 ± 350.7 ng/L; P = 0.0022), glucagon concentrations decreased (0.66 ± 0.4 pmol/L during HGC vs 0.5 ± 0.4 pmol/L during LgHGC; P = 0.0089), and there was a trend toward an increased total glucose infused (median [range] = 1.61 (1.11-2.54) g/kg and 2.25 (1.64-3.10) g/kg, respectively; P = 0.087). Appetite reduction and decreased body weight (9% ± 3%; P = 0.006) were observed in all cats. Liraglutide has similar effects and pharmacokinetics profile in cats to those reported in people. With a half-life of approximately 12 h, once daily dosing might be feasible; however, significant effects on appetite and weight loss may necessitate dosage or dosing frequency reductions. Further investigation of liraglutide in diabetic cats and overweight cats is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C A Adin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S Borin-Crivellenti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; FCAV/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A J Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P Rajala-Schultz
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J Lakritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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