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Bernstein AM, Rhee LQ, Njike VY, Katz DL. Dietary Assessment by Pattern Recognition: a Comparative Analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:101999. [PMID: 37807976 PMCID: PMC10550800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet quality photo navigation (DQPN) is a novel dietary intake assessment tool that was developed to help address limitations of traditional tools and to easily integrate into health care delivery systems. Prevailing practice is to validate new tools against approaches that are in wide use. Objective This study aimed to assess 1) the validity of Diet ID in measuring diet quality, food group and nutrient intake against 2 traditional dietary assessment methods (i.e., food record [FR], food frequency questionnaire) and 2) the test reproducibility/reliability of Diet ID to obtain similar results with repeat assessments. Methods Using a participant-sourcing platform for online research, we recruited 90 participants, 58 of whom completed DQPN, a 3-d FR (via the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool), and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ, via the Dietary History Questionnaire III). We estimated mean nutrient and food group intake with all 3 instruments and generated Pearson correlations between them. Results Mean age (SD) of participants was 38 (11) y, and more than half were male (64%). The strongest correlations for DQPN when compared with the other 2 instruments were for diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015; between DQPN and the FFQ, the correlation was 0.58 (P < 0.001), and between DQPN and the FR, the correlation was 0.56 (P < 0.001). Selected nutrients and food groups also showed moderate strength correlations. Test-retest reproducibility for measuring diet quality was evaluated for DQPN and showed a correlation of 0.70 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The current study offers evidence that DQPN is comparable to traditional dietary assessment tools for estimating overall diet quality. This performance, plus DQPN's ease-of-use and scalability, may recommend it in efforts to make dietary assessment a universal part of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentine Y. Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
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Bernstein AM, Roizen MF, Md LM. Retraction notice to ``Purified palmitoleic acid for the reduction of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum lipids: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo controlled study'' [Journal of Clinical Lipidology Volume 8, Issue 6, NovemberDecember 2014, Pages 612-617]. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:522. [PMID: 34144766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bernstein AM, Allexandre D, Bena J, Doyle J, Gendy G, Wang L, Fay S, Mehra R, Moul D, Foldvary-Schaefer N, Roizen MF, Drerup M. "Go! to Sleep": A Web-Based Therapy for Insomnia. Telemed J E Health 2017; 23:590-599. [PMID: 28112590 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common complaint of individuals presenting to healthcare providers and is associated with decreased quality of life and higher healthcare utilization. In-person cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for insomnia but is hindered by cost and limited access to treatment. Initial research suggests that Web-based CBT may mitigate these obstacles. INTRODUCTION This study tests the effectiveness of a Web-based program for insomnia based on principles of CBT and stress management. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a randomized trial with wait-list controls among adults with primary insomnia (n = 88). Two hundred sixty-three adults with comorbid insomnia were also included and analyzed separately. The intervention was a 6-week online program, and effectiveness was measured via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS Baseline ISI score for the intervention group (n = 43) was 17.0; 16.6 for the control group (n = 45). At first follow-up, the intervention group (n = 25) had a mean change from baseline of -7.3 (95% CI: -9.0, -5.6), sustained through second follow-up, while the control group (n = 35) had a change of -1.3 (-2.7, 0.1). The between-group difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Participants in the comorbid insomnia group had a baseline ISI score of 16.7 with improvement similar to the primary insomnia group (-6.9; -7.6, -6.2). DISCUSSION We observed clinically meaningful improvements in insomnia severity in adults with primary or comorbid insomnia. Sustained improvement over 4 months underscores the effectiveness of a well-constructed online CBT for insomnia program. CONCLUSIONS Go! to Sleep
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Bena
- 2 Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Doyle
- 1 Wellness Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | - Gina Gendy
- 1 Wellness Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | - Lu Wang
- 2 Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susan Fay
- 1 Wellness Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | - Reena Mehra
- 3 Sleep Disorders Center, Neurological Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas Moul
- 3 Sleep Disorders Center, Neurological Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Michelle Drerup
- 3 Sleep Disorders Center, Neurological Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Le NT, Michels FAS, Song M, Zhang X, Bernstein AM, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Chan AT, Sinha R, Willett WC, Wu K. A Prospective Analysis of Meat Mutagens and Colorectal Cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:1529-1536. [PMID: 27105317 PMCID: PMC5047780 DOI: 10.1289/ehp238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in cooked meats may play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. OBJECTIVES We aimed to prospectively examine the association between estimated intakes of HCAs and meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM) in two cohorts of health professionals, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). METHODS In 29,615 men and 65,875 women, intake of the HCAs 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-j)quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline (DiMeIQx), and MDM was estimated using a 1996 cooking questionnaire, the 1994 food frequency questionnaire, and an online database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to adjust for potential confounders. Estimates for both cohorts were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Between 1996 and 2010, 418 male and 790 female CRC cases were identified. Meat mutagen intake was not statistically significantly associated with risk of CRC [highest vs. lowest quintile, pooled HR (95% CI) for MeIQx: 1.12 (0.93, 1.34), p for trend 0.23; PhIP: 1.10 (0.90, 1.33), p for trend 0.35; MDM: 1.03 (0.86, 1.24), p for trend 0.75] or subtypes of CRC defined by tumor location (proximal or distal colon, or rectum). When analyzed by source of meat, PhIP from red but not from white meat was nonsignificantly positively associated with CRC and significantly positively associated with proximal cancers [HR (95% CI) per standard deviation increase of log-transformed intake: PhIP red meat: CRC: 1.06 (0.99, 1.12), proximal: 1.11 (1.02, 1.21); PhIP white meat: CRC: 0.99 (0.94, 1.04), proximal: 1.00 (0.93, 1.09)]. CONCLUSIONS Estimated intakes of meat mutagens were not significantly associated with CRC risk over 14 years of follow-up in the NHS and HPFS cohorts. Results for PhIP from red but not from white meat warrant further investigation. CITATION Le NT, Michels FA, Song M, Zhang X, Bernstein AM, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Chan AT, Sinha R, Willett WC, Wu K. 2016. A prospective analysis of meat mutagens and colorectal cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1529-1536; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoan Tran Le
- Department of Occupational Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kim SJ, de Souza RJ, Choo VL, Ha V, Cozma AI, Chiavaroli L, Mirrahimi A, Blanco Mejia S, Di Buono M, Bernstein AM, Leiter LA, Kris-Etherton PM, Vuksan V, Beyene J, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL. Effects of dietary pulse consumption on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1213-23. [PMID: 27030531 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.124677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for developing several diseases, and although dietary pulses (nonoil seeds of legumes such as beans, lentils, chickpeas, and dry peas) are well positioned to aid in weight control, the effects of dietary pulses on weight loss are unclear. OBJECTIVE We summarized and quantified the effects of dietary pulse consumption on body weight, waist circumference, and body fat by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DESIGN We searched the databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library through 11 May 2015 for randomized controlled trials of ≥3 wk of duration that compared the effects of diets containing whole dietary pulses with those of comparator diets without a dietary pulse intervention. Study quality was assessed by means of the Heyland Methodologic Quality Score, and risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were pooled with the use of generic inverse-variance random-effects models. RESULTS Findings from 21 trials (n = 940 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed an overall significant weight reduction of -0.34 kg (95% CI: -0.63, -0.04 kg; P = 0.03) in diets containing dietary pulses (median intake of 132 g/d or ∼1 serving/d) compared with diets without a dietary pulse intervention over a median duration of 6 wk. Significant weight loss was observed in matched negative-energy-balance (weight loss) diets (P = 0.02) and in neutral-energy-balance (weight-maintaining) diets (P = 0.03), and there was low evidence of between-study heterogeneity. Findings from 6 included trials also suggested that dietary pulse consumption may reduce body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of dietary pulses in a diet may be a beneficial weight-loss strategy because it leads to a modest weight-loss effect even when diets are not intended to be calorically restricted. Future studies are needed to determine the effects of dietary pulses on long-term weight-loss sustainability. This protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01594567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana J Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;
| | - Vivian L Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
| | - Vanessa Ha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Adrian I Cozma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
| | - Arash Mirrahimi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
| | - Marco Di Buono
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX
| | - Adam M Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Cyril Wc Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David Ja Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Bernstein AM, Visconti KJ, Csorba J, Radvanyi K, Rojahn J. The relationship between challenging behaviours, mood and interest/pleasure in adults with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2015; 59:1033-1041. [PMID: 26031694 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether current mood and interest/pleasure ratings in adults with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities were predictive of challenging behaviour [self-injurious behaviour (SIB), aggressive/destructive behaviour and stereotypic behaviour] and vice versa. METHOD In this combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study, staff members of a Hungarian residential facility completed translated versions of the Behaviour Problems Inventory-Short Form (BPI-S), the Challenging Behaviour Interview (CBI) and the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire-Short Form (MIPQ-S) for 50 participants at two time points, approximately 4 to 5 months apart. RESULTS Bivariate correlations from data concurrently assessed at Time-1 showed significant linear relationships between the SIB (both frequency and severity scores) and Interest/Pleasure sub-scales, and the Aggressive/Destructive Behaviour (severity scores) and the MIPQ-S Mood sub-scales (unadjusted for multiple correlations). All of these effects were found with the BPI-S data, but not with the CBI. Multiple regression analyses revealed that (1) low interest/pleasure assessed at Time-1 predicted high SIB (frequency and severity) at Time-2. (2) Interest/pleasure was not predictive of aggressive or stereotypic behaviour. (3) Mood at Time-1 did not predict any of the three types of behaviour problems at Time-2. (4) In reverse, high SIB (frequency and severity) at Time-1 predicted low interest/pleasure ratings at Time-2. (5) Surprisingly, frequent aggressive/destructive behaviour predicted high interest/pleasure. (6) Stereotypic behaviour scores at Time-1 did not predict interest/pleasure ratings at Time-2. Again, all of these effects were only found with the BPI-S data, but not with the CBI. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Hungarian versions of all three questionnaires had generally satisfactory outcomes. DISCUSSION The fact that increasingly frequent and severe SIB was predicted by declining measures of interest/pleasure is consistent with previous studies. Contrary to those earlier studies, however, we found that SIB was not predicted by mood and that aggressive/destructive behaviour actually predicted future elevated mood. Implications for future research regarding the directional relationship between affective states such as mood and interest and pleasure, on the one hand, and challenging behaviour, on the other, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - K J Visconti
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - J Csorba
- Special Needs Education, ELTE University of Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Radvanyi
- Special Needs Education, ELTE University of Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Rojahn
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Li Y, Hruby A, Bernstein AM, Ley SH, Wang DD, Chiuve SE, Sampson L, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1538-1548. [PMID: 26429077 PMCID: PMC4593072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between dietary saturated fats and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remain controversial, but few studies have compared saturated with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to CHD risk. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate associations of saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and different sources of carbohydrates in relation to CHD risk. METHODS We followed 84,628 women (Nurses' Health Study, 1980 to 2010), and 42,908 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986 to 2010) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. RESULTS During 24 to 30 years of follow-up, we documented 7,667 incident cases of CHD. Higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and carbohydrates from whole grains were significantly associated with a lower risk of CHD comparing the highest with lowest quintile for PUFAs (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73 to 0.88; p trend <0.0001) and for carbohydrates from whole grains (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.98; p trend = 0.003). In contrast, carbohydrates from refined starches/added sugars were positively associated with a risk of CHD (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.21; p trend = 0.04). Replacing 5% of energy intake from saturated fats with equivalent energy intake from PUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids, or carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with a 25%, 15%, and 9% lower risk of CHD, respectively (PUFAs, HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.84; p < 0.0001; monounsaturated fatty acids, HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.97; p = 0.02; carbohydrates from whole grains, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.98; p = 0.01). Replacing saturated fats with carbohydrates from refined starches/added sugars was not significantly associated with CHD risk (p > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that unsaturated fats, especially PUFAs, and/or high-quality carbohydrates can be used to replace saturated fats to reduce CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adela Hruby
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sylvia H. Ley
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dong D. Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie E. Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn M. Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Anand SS, Hawkes C, de Souza RJ, Mente A, Dehghan M, Nugent R, Zulyniak MA, Weis T, Bernstein AM, Krauss RM, Kromhout D, Jenkins DJA, Malik V, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Mozaffarian D, Yusuf S, Willett WC, Popkin BM. Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System: A Report From the Workshop Convened by the World Heart Federation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1590-1614. [PMID: 26429085 PMCID: PMC4597475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major scholars in the field, on the basis of a 3-day consensus, created an in-depth review of current knowledge on the role of diet in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the changing global food system and global dietary patterns, and potential policy solutions. Evidence from different countries and age/race/ethnicity/socioeconomic groups suggesting the health effects studies of foods, macronutrients, and dietary patterns on CVD appear to be far more consistent though regional knowledge gaps is highlighted. Large gaps in knowledge about the association of macronutrients to CVD in low- and middle-income countries particularly linked with dietary patterns are reviewed. Our understanding of foods and macronutrients in relationship to CVD is broadly clear; however, major gaps exist both in dietary pattern research and ways to change diets and food systems. On the basis of the current evidence, the traditional Mediterranean-type diet, including plant foods and emphasis on plant protein sources provides a well-tested healthy dietary pattern to reduce CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corinna Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahshid Dehghan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Nugent
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Tony Weis
- Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam M Bernstein
- Center for Lifestyle Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Publica, Universidad de Navarra-CIBEROBN, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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9
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Arora S, Atreya AR, Bernstein AM, Kleppel R, Friderici J, Schramm S, Lagu T, Rothberg MB. Healthcare Providers' Knowledge of Diets and Dietary Advice. South Med J 2015; 108:539-46. [PMID: 26332479 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about healthcare providers' knowledge of dietary evidence or about what dietary advice providers offer to patients. The objective of our study was to determine which diets providers recommended to patients and providers' beliefs about the evidence behind those recommendations. METHODS This was a 22-question cross-sectional survey conducted between February 2013 and September 2013, in 45 ambulatory practices within two health systems. Attending physicians, housestaff, and advanced practitioners in internal medicine, medicine-pediatrics, family medicine, cardiology, and endocrinology practices were audited. Providers' attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs about diet modification were collected. Knowledge scores were constructed based on the number of correct responses to specific questions. RESULTS Of 343 provider responses, largely from primary care specialties (n = 3027, 90%), the top dietary recommendations were low-salt diet (71%) for hypertension, low-carbohydrate diet (64%) for uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, low saturated fat diet (73%) for dyslipidemia, low-calorie diet (72%) for obesity, and low saturated fat diet (63%) for coronary heart disease. Providers believed that 51% of diet recommendations were supported by randomized trial evidence when they were not. Respondents' overall knowledge of randomized trial evidence for dietary interventions was low (mean [standard deviation] knowledge score 44.3% [22.4%], range 0.0%-100.0%). The survey study from two health systems, using a nonvalidated survey tool limits external and internal validity. CONCLUSIONS Providers report recommending different diets depending on specific risk factors and generally believe that their recommendations are evidence based. Substantial gaps between their knowledge and the randomized trial evidence regarding diet for disease prevention remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Arora
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Auras R Atreya
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adam M Bernstein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Reva Kleppel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Friderici
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Schramm
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tara Lagu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael B Rothberg
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Core, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio, and the Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Bernstein AM, Kobs A, Bar J, Fay S, Doyle J, Golubic M, Roizen MF. Yoga for Stress Management Among Intensive Care Unit Staff: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/act.2015.28999.amb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Bernstein
- Director of research at the Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, in Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | - Alison Kobs
- Cofounder of Inward Explorations, LLC, in Beachwood, OH
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Chirapatpimol K, Shabestari MH, Lindgren RA, Smith LC, Annand JRM, Higinbotham DW, Moffit B, Nelyubin V, Norum BE, Allada K, Aniol K, Ardashev K, Armstrong DS, Arndt RA, Benmokhtar F, Bernstein AM, Bertozzi W, Briscoe WJ, Bimbot L, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Cusanno F, Dalton MM, Dutta C, Egiyan K, Fernàndez-Ramìrez C, Feuerbach R, Fissum KG, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Gilad S, Goity J, Gomez J, Hahn B, Hamilton D, Hansen JO, Huang J, Igarashi R, Ireland D, de Jager CW, Jin X, Jiang X, Jinasundera T, Kellie J, Keppel CE, Kolb N, LeRose J, Liyanage N, Livingston K, McNulty D, Mercado L, Michaels R, Mihovilovič M, Qian S, Qian X, Mailyan S, Mamyan V, Marrone S, Monaghan P, Nanda S, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Protopopescu D, Punjabi V, Qiang Y, Rachek IA, Rakhman A, Riordan S, Ron G, Rosner G, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Shahinyan A, Širca S, Sparveris N, Subedi RR, Suleiman R, Strakovsky I, Sulkosky V, Moinelo J, Voskanyan H, Wang K, Wang Y, Watson J, Watts D, Wojtsekhowski B, Workman RL, Yao H, Zhan X, Zhang Y. Precision Measurement of the p(e,e^{'}p)π^{0} Reaction at Threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:192503. [PMID: 26024167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.192503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New results are reported from a measurement of π^{0} electroproduction near threshold using the p(e,e^{'}p)π^{0} reaction. The experiment was designed to determine precisely the energy dependence of s- and p-wave electromagnetic multipoles as a stringent test of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The data were taken with an electron beam energy of 1192 MeV using a two-spectrometer setup in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For the first time, complete coverage of the ϕ_{π}^{*} and θ_{π}^{*} angles in the pπ^{0} center of mass was obtained for invariant energies above threshold from 0.5 up to 15 MeV. The 4-momentum transfer Q^{2} coverage ranges from 0.05 to 0.155 (GeV/c)^{2} in fine steps. A simple phenomenological analysis of our data shows strong disagreement with p-wave predictions from ChPT for Q^{2}>0.07 (GeV/c)^{2}, while the s-wave predictions are in reasonable agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chirapatpimol
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
| | - M H Shabestari
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Mississipi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R A Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L C Smith
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Moffit
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B E Norum
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - K Ardashev
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D S Armstrong
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R A Arndt
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - A M Bernstein
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Bertozzi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - L Bimbot
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Choi
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - E Chudakov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Cisbani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F Cusanno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Dutta
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - K Egiyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - C Fernàndez-Ramìrez
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Feuerbach
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K G Fissum
- University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - S Frullani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F Garibaldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - O Gayou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - S Gilad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Goity
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Gomez
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Hahn
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J-O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Huang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Igarashi
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0W0
| | - D Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C W de Jager
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - X Jin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - T Jinasundera
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Kellie
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C E Keppel
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - N Kolb
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0W0
| | - J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Liyanage
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D McNulty
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, 83209, USA
| | - L Mercado
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - S Qian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Qian
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S Mailyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - V Mamyan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Marrone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P Monaghan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Nanda
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C F Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | | | - D Protopopescu
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I A Rachek
- Budker Institute, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Rakhman
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Riordan
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - G Ron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - S Širca
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Sparveris
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - R R Subedi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - R Suleiman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Moinelo
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 98040, Spain
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - K Wang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - J Watson
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - D Watts
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R L Workman
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - H Yao
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - X Zhan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Bernstein AM, Golubic M, Roizen MF. The impact of protein on chronic disease risk should be considered in studies of weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1097-8. [PMID: 25934865 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- From the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH (e-mail: )
| | - Mladen Golubic
- From the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH (e-mail: )
| | - Michael F Roizen
- From the Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH (e-mail: )
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Kim SJ, de Souza RJ, Choo VL, Ha V, Cozma AI, Chiavaroli L, Mirrahimi A, Mejia SB, di Buono M, Bernstein AM, Leiter LA, Kris-Etherton PM, Vuksan V, Beyene J, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL. The Effects of Dietary Pulse Consumption on Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Can J Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.01.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bernstein AM, Gendy G, Rudd N, Doyle J, Fay S, Moffett K, Morrison S, Bena J, Cotey S, Roizen MF, Golubic M. Management of prediabetes through lifestyle modification in overweight and obese African-American women: the Fitness, Relaxation, and Eating to Stay Healthy (FRESH) randomized controlled trial. Public Health 2014; 128:674-7. [PMID: 24996961 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Bernstein
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA.
| | - G Gendy
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA
| | - N Rudd
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA
| | - J Doyle
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA
| | - S Fay
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA
| | - K Moffett
- Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - S Morrison
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J Bena
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - S Cotey
- Stephanie Tubbs Jones Health Center, East Cleveland, OH 44112, USA
| | - M F Roizen
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA
| | - M Golubic
- Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA
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Bernstein AM, Golubic M, Roizen MF. Studies of healthful dietary protein sources in the elderly are needed. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:1520-1. [PMID: 24847106 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.085639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Wellness Institute Cleveland Clinic 1950 Richmond Road Lyndhurst, OH 44124 E-mail:
| | - Mladen Golubic
- Wellness Institute Cleveland Clinic 1950 Richmond Road Lyndhurst, OH 44124 E-mail:
| | - Michael F Roizen
- Wellness Institute Cleveland Clinic 1950 Richmond Road Lyndhurst, OH 44124 E-mail:
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Ha V, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Jayalath VH, Mirrahimi A, Agarwal A, Chiavaroli L, Mejia SB, Sacks FM, Di Buono M, Bernstein AM, Leiter LA, Kris-Etherton PM, Vuksan V, Bazinet RP, Josse RG, Beyene J, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA. Effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2014; 186:E252-62. [PMID: 24710915 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from controlled trials encourages the intake of dietary pulses (beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas) as a method of improving dyslipidemia, but heart health guidelines have stopped short of ascribing specific benefits to this type of intervention or have graded the beneficial evidence as low. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction. METHODS We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of selected trials for relevant articles published through Feb. 5, 2014. We included RCTs of at least 3 weeks' duration that compared a diet emphasizing dietary pulse intake with an isocaloric diet that did not include dietary pulses. The lipid targets investigated were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol. We pooled data using a random-effects model. RESULTS We identified 26 RCTs (n = 1037) that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Diets emphasizing dietary pulse intake at a median dose of 130 g/d (about 1 serving daily) significantly lowered LDL cholesterol levels compared with the control diets (mean difference -0.17 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval -0.25 to -0.09 mmol/L). Treatment effects on apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were not observed. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that dietary pulse intake significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels. Trials of longer duration and higher quality are needed to verify these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT01594567.
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Jayalath VH, de Souza RJ, Sievenpiper JL, Ha V, Chiavaroli L, Mirrahimi A, Di Buono M, Bernstein AM, Leiter LA, Kris-Etherton PM, Vuksan V, Beyene J, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ. Effect of dietary pulses on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:56-64. [PMID: 24014659 PMCID: PMC5391775 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend diet and lifestyle modifications for primary prevention and treatment of hypertension, but do not encourage dietary pulses specifically for lowering blood pressure (BP). To quantify the effect of dietary pulse interventions on BP and provide evidence for their inclusion in dietary guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials was conducted. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were each searched from inception through 5 May 2013. Human trials ≥3 weeks that reported data for systolic, diastolic, and/or mean arterial BPs were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies. Effect estimates were pooled using random effects models, and reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (χ2 test) and quantified (I2). RESULTS Eight isocaloric trials (n = 554 participants with and without hypertension) were included in the analysis. Dietary pulses, exchanged isocalorically for other foods, significantly lowered systolic (MD = −2.25 mm Hg (95% CI, −4.22 to −0.28), P = 0.03) and mean arterial BP (MD = −0.75 mm Hg (95% CI, −1.44 to −0.06), P = 0.03), and diastolic BP non-significantly (MD = −0.71 mm Hg (95% CI, −1.74 to 0.31), P = 0.17). Heterogeneity was significant for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary pulses significantly lowered BP in people with and without hypertension. Higher-quality large-scale trials are needed to support these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01594567
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Affiliation(s)
- Viranda H. Jayalath
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Mirrahimi
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Di Buono
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam M. Bernstein
- Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W.C. Kendall
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J.A. Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tabbaa M, Golubic M, Roizen MF, Bernstein AM. Docosahexaenoic acid, inflammation, and bacterial dysbiosis in relation to periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and the metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 2013; 5:3299-310. [PMID: 23966110 PMCID: PMC3775255 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been used to treat a range of different conditions, including periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). That DHA helps with these oral and gastrointestinal diseases in which inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis play key roles, raises the question of whether DHA may assist in the prevention or treatment of other inflammatory conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome, which have also been linked with inflammation and alterations in normal host microbial populations. Here we review established and investigated associations between DHA, PD, and IBD. We conclude that by beneficially altering cytokine production and macrophage recruitment, the composition of intestinal microbiota and intestinal integrity, lipopolysaccharide- and adipose-induced inflammation, and insulin signaling, DHA may be a key tool in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam M. Bernstein
- Cleveland Clinic, Wellness Institute, 1950 Richmond Road/TR2-203, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA; E-Mails: (M.T.); (M.G.); (M.F.R.)
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Hornidge D, Aguar Bartolomé P, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Beck R, Bekrenev V, Berghäuser H, Bernstein AM, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cherepnya S, Dieterle M, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Fernández-Ramírez C, Filkov LV, Glazier DI, Hall Barrientos P, Heid E, Hilt M, Jaegle I, Jahn O, Jude TC, Kashevarov VL, Keshelashvili I, Kondratiev R, Korolija M, Koulbardis A, Krambrich D, Kruglov S, Krusche B, Laffoley AT, Lisin V, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Mancell J, Manley DM, McNicoll EF, Mekterovic D, Metag V, Micanovic S, Middleton DG, Moores KW, Mushkarenkov A, Nefkens BMK, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Oussena B, Pedroni P, Pheron F, Polonski A, Prakhov S, Robinson J, Rostomyan T, Scherer S, Schumann S, Sikora MH, Starostin A, Supek I, Thiel M, Thomas A, Tiator L, Unverzagt M, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Witthauer L. Accurate test of chiral dynamics in the γp→π0p reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:062004. [PMID: 23971564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.062004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A precision measurement of the differential cross sections dσ/dΩ and the linearly polarized photon asymmetry Σ≡(dσ⊥-dσ∥)/(dσ⊥+dσ∥) for the γp→π0p reaction in the near-threshold region has been performed with a tagged photon beam and almost 4π detector at the Mainz Microtron. The Glasgow-Mainz photon tagging facility along with the Crystal Ball/TAPS multiphoton detector system and a cryogenic liquid hydrogen target were used. These data allowed for a precise determination of the energy dependence of the real parts of the S- and all three P-wave amplitudes for the first time and provide the most stringent test to date of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory and its energy region of agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1E6, Canada.
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Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in red meat consumption and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: three cohorts of US men and women. JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173:1328-35. [PMID: 23779232 PMCID: PMC3847817 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Red meat consumption has been consistently associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether changes in red meat intake are related to subsequent T2DM risk remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between changes in red meat consumption during a 4-year period and subsequent 4-year risk of T2DM in US adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Three prospective cohort studies in US men and women. PARTICIPANTS We followed up 26,357 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2006), 48,709 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and 74,077 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2007). Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every 4 years. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios with adjustment for age, family history, race, marital status, initial red meat consumption, smoking status, and initial and changes in other lifestyle factors (physical activity, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and diet quality). Results across cohorts were pooled by an inverse variance-weighted, fixed-effect meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident T2DM cases validated by supplementary questionnaires. RESULTS During 1,965,824 person-years of follow-up, we documented 7540 incident T2DM cases. In the multivariate-adjusted models, increasing red meat intake during a 4-year interval was associated with an elevated risk of T2DM during the subsequent 4 years in each cohort (all P < .001 for trend). Compared with the reference group of no change in red meat intake, increasing red meat intake of more than 0.50 servings per day was associated with a 48% (pooled hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.37-1.59) elevated risk in the subsequent 4-year period, and the association was modestly attenuated after further adjustment for initial body mass index and concurrent weight gain (1.30; 95% CI, 1.21-1.41). Reducing red meat consumption by more than 0.50 servings per day from baseline to the first 4 years of follow-up was associated with a 14% (pooled hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.93) lower risk during the subsequent entire follow-up through 2006 or 2007. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increasing red meat consumption over time is associated with an elevated subsequent risk of T2DM, and the association is partly mediated by body weight. Our results add further evidence that limiting red meat consumption over time confers benefits for T2DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
Although yoga may help manage conditions comorbid with overweight and obesity, such as low back pain, whether yoga helps with weight loss or maintenance beyond that which can be achieved with diet and exercise remains unclear. A search of multiple databases through September 2012 was undertaken identifying peer-reviewed studies on yoga, meditation, mindfulness, obesity, and overweight. Studies on yoga and weight loss are challenged by small sample sizes, short durations, and lack of control groups. In addition, there is little consistency in terms of duration of formal group yoga practice sessions, duration of informal practices at home, and frequency of both. Studies do however suggest that yoga may be associated with weight loss or maintenance. Mechanisms by which yoga may assist with weight loss or maintenance include the following: (a) energy expenditure during yoga sessions; (b) allowing for additional exercise outside yoga sessions by reducing back and joint pain; (c) heightening mindfulness, improving mood, and reducing stress, which may help reduce food intake; and (d) allowing individuals to feel more connected to their bodies, leading to enhanced awareness of satiety and the discomfort of overeating. Thus, yoga appears promising as a way to assist with behavioral change, weight loss, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judi Bar
- Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | | | - Mladen Golubic
- Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
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Nimptsch K, Bernstein AM, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Willett WC, Wu K. Dietary intakes of red meat, poultry, and fish during high school and risk of colorectal adenomas in women. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:172-83. [PMID: 23785116 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent diet may be etiologically relevant for colorectal carcinogenesis. We examined the association between meat and fish intakes during adolescence and the risk of colorectal adenomas later in life among 19,771 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II. Subjects had completed a validated food frequency questionnaire in 1998 (when aged 34-51 years) about their diets during high school and subsequently underwent at least 1 lower-bowel endoscopy during the study period (1998-2007). During this period, 1,494 subjects were diagnosed with colorectal adenomas. Intake of red meat during adolescence was not associated with colorectal adenoma risk when comparing those in the highest versus lowest category of intake (odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.35). Similarly, intake of fish during adolescence was not associated with colorectal adenoma risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.17). Intake of poultry during adolescence was associated with a lower risk of total colorectal (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.99), distal (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.99), rectal (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.90), and advanced (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.93) adenomas. Replacement of 1 serving per day of red meat with 1 serving per day of poultry or fish was associated with 41% and 35% decreased risks for rectal adenomas and advanced adenomas, respectively. Our findings do not suggest an association between red meat intake during adolescence and colorectal adenomas later in life, but higher poultry intake during this time was associated with a lower risk of colorectal adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nimptsch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Eisenberg DM, Myrdal Miller A, McManus K, Burgess J, Bernstein AM. Enhancing medical education to address obesity: "See one. Taste one. Cook one. Teach one.". JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173:470-2. [PMID: 23420327 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Chiuve SE, Rimm EB, Sandhu RK, Bernstein AM, Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Willett WC, Albert CM. Dietary fat quality and risk of sudden cardiac death in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:498-507. [PMID: 22854398 PMCID: PMC3417213 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary n-3 PUFAs are inversely associated with risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD); however, little is known about other fats and SCD. Furthermore, concerns have been raised that high n-6 PUFA intake may attenuate the benefits of n-3 PUFAs. OBJECTIVE We examined associations and selected interactions between dietary fatty acids, expressed as a proportion of total fat and SCD. DESIGN We conducted a prospective cohort study among 91,981 women aged 34-59 y from the Nurses' Health Study in 1980. Over 30 y, we documented 385 SCDs. RESULTS In multivariable models, women in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of SFA intake had an RR of SCD of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.98). Conversely, women in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of PUFA intake had an RR of SCD of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.78). Intakes of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs were both significantly associated with a lower risk of SCD, and n-6 PUFAs did not modify the association between n-3 PUFAs and SCD. MUFAs and trans fats were not associated with SCD risk. After further adjustment for coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk factors potentially in the causal pathway, the association between PUFAs and SCD remained significant, whereas the association for SFAs was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Intake of PUFAs as a proportion of fat was inversely associated with SCD risk, independent of traditional CHD risk factors. These results support dietary guidelines to improve dietary fat quality by replacing intake of SFAs with n-6 and n-3 PUFAs.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cohort Studies
- Coronary Disease/epidemiology
- Coronary Disease/etiology
- Coronary Disease/prevention & control
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Dietary Fats/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/therapeutic use
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Health Promotion
- Humans
- Incidence
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Models, Statistical
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- United States/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Chiuve
- Center for Arrhythmia Prevention, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened soda has been associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The relation with cerebrovascular disease has not yet been closely examined. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine patterns of soda consumption and substitution of alternative beverages for soda in relation to stroke risk. DESIGN The Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 84,085 women followed for 28 y (1980-2008), and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, a prospective cohort study of 43,371 men followed for 22 y (1986-2008), provided data on soda consumption and incident stroke. RESULTS We documented 1416 strokes in men during 841,770 person-years of follow-up and 2938 strokes in women during 2,188,230 person-years of follow-up. The pooled RR of total stroke for ≥ 1 serving of sugar-sweetened soda/d, compared with none, was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.34). The pooled RR of total stroke for ≥ 1 serving of low-calorie soda/d, compared with none, was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.28). Compared with 1 serving of sugar-sweetened soda/d, 1 serving of decaffeinated coffee/d was associated with a 10% (95% CI: 1%, 19%) lower risk of stroke and 1 serving of caffeinated coffee/d with a 9% (95% CI: 0%, 17%) lower risk. Similar estimated reductions in risk were seen for substitution of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee for low-calorie soda. CONCLUSIONS Greater consumption of sugar-sweetened and low-calorie sodas was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke. This risk may be reduced by substituting alternative beverages for soda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Wellness Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA.
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Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM, Schulze MB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 172:555-63. [PMID: 22412075 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red meat consumption has been associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. However, its relationship with mortality remains uncertain. METHODS We prospectively observed 37 698 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008) and 83 644 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008) who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every 4 years. RESULTS We documented 23 926 deaths (including 5910 CVD and 9464 cancer deaths) during 2.96 million person-years of follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) of total mortality for a 1-serving-per-day increase was 1.13 (1.07-1.20) for unprocessed red meat and 1.20 (1.15-1.24) for processed red meat. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 1.18 (1.13-1.23) and 1.21 (1.13-1.31) for CVD mortality and 1.10 (1.06-1.14) and 1.16 (1.09-1.23) for cancer mortality. We estimated that substitutions of 1 serving per day of other foods (including fish, poultry, nuts, legumes, low-fat dairy, and whole grains) for 1 serving per day of red meat were associated with a 7% to 19% lower mortality risk. We also estimated that 9.3% of deaths in men and 7.6% in women in these cohorts could be prevented at the end of follow-up if all the individuals consumed fewer than 0.5 servings per day (approximately 42 g/d) of red meat. CONCLUSIONS Red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of total, CVD, and cancer mortality. Substitution of other healthy protein sources for red meat is associated with a lower mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Pan
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bernstein AM, Ding EL, Willett WC, Rimm EB. A meta-analysis shows that docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in persons without coronary heart disease. J Nutr 2012; 142:99-104. [PMID: 22113870 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.148973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain algae contain the (n-3) fatty acid DHA, yet the relation between algal oil supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors has not been systematically examined. Our objective was to examine the relation between algal oil supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between 1996 and 2011 examining the relation between algal oil supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors and performed a meta-analysis of the association between algal oil DHA supplementation and changes in the concentrations of TG, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). We identified 11 randomized controlled trials with 485 healthy participants that evaluated the relation between algal oil DHA supplementation and TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. The median dose of algal DHA was 1.68 g/d. The pooled estimate for the change in TG concentration was -0.20 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.14), 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.16-0.30) for LDL-C, and 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.05-0.10) for HDL-C. DHA supplementation from algal oil, a marine source of (n-3) fatty acids not extracted from fish, may reduce serum TG and increase HDL-C and LDL-C in persons without coronary heart disease.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few dietary protein sources have been studied prospectively in relation to stroke. We examined the relation between foods that are major protein sources and risk of stroke. METHODS We prospectively followed 84 010 women aged 30 to 55 years at baseline and 43 150 men aged 40 to 75 years at baseline without diagnosed cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Diet was assessed repeatedly by a standardized and validated questionnaire. We examined the association between protein sources and incidence of stroke using a proportional hazard model adjusted for stroke risk factors. RESULTS During 26 and 22 years of follow-up in women and men, respectively, we documented 2633 and 1397 strokes, respectively. In multivariable analyses, higher intake of red meat was associated with an elevated risk of stroke, whereas a higher intake of poultry was associated with a lower risk. In models estimating the effects of exchanging different protein sources, compared with 1 serving/day of red meat, 1 serving/day of poultry was associated with a 27% (95% CI, 12%-39%) lower risk of stroke, nuts with a 17% (95% CI. 4%-27%) lower risk, fish with a 17% (95% CI, 0%-30%) lower risk, low-fat dairy with an 11% (95% CI, 5%-17%) lower risk, and whole-fat dairy with a 10% (95% CI, 4%-16%) lower risk. We did not see significant associations with exchanging legumes or eggs for red meat. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that stroke risk may be reduced by replacing red meat with other dietary sources of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, 1950 Richmond Road/TR2-203, Lyndhurst, OH 44124, USA.
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Bernstein AM, Rosner BA, Willett WC. Cereal fiber and coronary heart disease: a comparison of modeling approaches for repeated dietary measurements, intermediate outcomes, and long follow-up. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26:877-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM, Schulze MB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:1088-96. [PMID: 21831992 PMCID: PMC3173026 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.018978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between consumption of different types of red meats and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between unprocessed and processed red meat consumption and incident T2D in US adults. DESIGN We followed 37,083 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006), 79,570 women in the Nurses' Health Study I (1980-2008), and 87,504 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2005). Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every 4 y. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. RESULTS During 4,033,322 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,759 incident T2D cases. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, both unprocessed and processed red meat intakes were positively associated with T2D risk in each cohort (all P-trend <0.001). The pooled HRs (95% CIs) for a one serving/d increase in unprocessed, processed, and total red meat consumption were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.32 (1.25, 1.40), and 1.14 (1.10, 1.18), respectively. The results were confirmed by a meta-analysis (442,101 participants and 28,228 diabetes cases): the RRs (95% CIs) were 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) and 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) for 100 g unprocessed red meat/d and for 50 g processed red meat/d, respectively. We estimated that substitutions of one serving of nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains per day for one serving of red meat per day were associated with a 16-35% lower risk of T2D. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that red meat consumption, particularly processed red meat, is associated with an increased risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Larin I, McNulty D, Clinton E, Ambrozewicz P, Lawrence D, Nakagawa I, Prok Y, Teymurazyan A, Ahmidouch A, Asratyan A, Baker K, Benton L, Bernstein AM, Burkert V, Cole P, Collins P, Dale D, Danagoulian S, Davidenko G, Demirchyan R, Deur A, Dolgolenko A, Dzyubenko G, Ent R, Evdokimov A, Feng J, Gabrielyan M, Gan L, Gasparian A, Gevorkyan S, Glamazdin A, Goryachev V, Gyurjyan V, Hardy K, He J, Ito M, Jiang L, Kashy D, Khandaker M, Kingsberry P, Kolarkar A, Konchatnyi M, Korchin A, Korsch W, Kowalski S, Kubantsev M, Kubarovsky V, Li X, Martel P, Matveev V, Mecking B, Milbrath B, Minehart R, Miskimen R, Mochalov V, Mtingwa S, Overby S, Pasyuk E, Payen M, Pedroni R, Ritchie B, Rodrigues TE, Salgado C, Shahinyan A, Sitnikov A, Sober D, Stepanyan S, Stephens W, Underwood J, Vasiliev A, Vishnyakov V, Wood M, Zhou S. New Measurement of the π0 radiative decay width. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:162303. [PMID: 21599360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.162303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High precision measurements of the differential cross sections for π0 photoproduction at forward angles for two nuclei, 12C and 208Pb, have been performed for incident photon energies of 4.9-5.5 GeV to extract the π0→γγ decay width. The experiment was done at Jefferson Lab using the Hall B photon tagger and a high-resolution multichannel calorimeter. The π0→γγ decay width was extracted by fitting the measured cross sections using recently updated theoretical models for the process. The resulting value for the decay width is Γ(π0→γγ)=7.82±0.14(stat)±0.17(syst) eV. With the 2.8% total uncertainty, this result is a factor of 2.5 more precise than the current Particle Data Group average of this fundamental quantity, and it is consistent with current theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Larin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
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Bernstein AM, Willett WC. Trends in 24-h urinary sodium excretion in the United States, 1957-2003: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:1172-80. [PMID: 20826631 PMCID: PMC2954449 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined temporal trends in sodium intake in the US population. Collections of 24-h urine sodium excretions are reliable markers for dietary sodium intake. OBJECTIVE We examined temporal trends in 24-h urine sodium excretions to estimate temporal trends in sodium intake in the US population. DESIGN We performed a systematic search of English-language articles in MEDLINE for studies that reported collections of 24-h urine sodium excretions in the United States. We estimated mean urine sodium excretions over time for all studies and demographic subgroups. RESULTS We analyzed 38 studies, which dated from 1957 to 2003, and estimated a mean (± SE) 24-h urine sodium excretion per person of 3526 ± 75 mg Na. In a multivariate random-effects model with study year, sex, age, and race, the study year was not associated with any significant change in sodium excretions (coefficient = 154 mg Na · 24 h⁻¹ · 10 y⁻¹; 95% CI: -140, 448 mg Na · 24 h⁻¹ · 10 y⁻¹). In subgroup analyses, there was no significant temporal trend seen in male, female, black, or white study participants. CONCLUSION Sodium intake in the US adult population appears to be well above current guidelines and does not appear to have decreased with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the cost of a diet that may prevent cardiovascular disease. High scores on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) have been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the cost of a dietary pattern that may prevent cardiovascular disease among women residing in the United States. DESIGN By using food-cost data from the US Department of Agriculture, we explored relations between spending on food and AHEI scores among 78,191 participants in the Nurses' Health Study. By using linear regression, we estimated the change in AHEI score (range: 2.5-87.5) for a $1 increase in spending on various food groups. RESULTS Study participants in the highest energy-adjusted spending quintile spent 124% as much money each day as those in the lowest quintile. The difference in AHEI scores (10th-90th percentile) between all study participants was 30 index points (Spearman's correlation coefficient between total spending and AHEI = 0.44). The difference in AHEI scores (10th-90th percentile) within each quintile of spending ranged from 25 to 29 index points. Greater spending on nuts, soy and beans, and whole grains was associated with a higher AHEI score. Greater spending on red and processed meats and high-fat dairy was associated with a lower AHEI score. CONCLUSIONS Although spending more money was associated with a healthier diet, large improvements in diet may be achieved without increased spending. The purchase of plant-based foods may offer the best investment for dietary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With the exception of fish, few major dietary protein sources have been studied in relation to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our objective was to examine the relation between foods that are major dietary protein sources and incident CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively followed 84,136 women aged 30 to 55 years in the Nurses' Health Study with no known cancer, diabetes mellitus, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, or other cardiovascular disease. Diet was assessed by a standardized and validated questionnaire and updated every 4 years. During 26 years of follow-up, we documented 2210 incident nonfatal infarctions and 952 deaths from CHD. In multivariable analyses including age, smoking, and other risk factors, higher intakes of red meat, red meat excluding processed meat, and high-fat dairy were significantly associated with elevated risk of CHD. Higher intakes of poultry, fish, and nuts were significantly associated with lower risk. In a model controlling statistically for energy intake, 1 serving per day of nuts was associated with a 30% (95% confidence interval, 17% to 42%) lower risk of CHD compared with 1 serving per day of red meat. Similarly, compared with 1 serving per day of red meat, a lower risk was associated with 1 serving per day of low-fat dairy (13%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 19%), poultry (19%; 95% confidence interval, 3% to 33%), and fish (24%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 39%). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that high red meat intake increases risk of CHD and that CHD risk may be reduced importantly by shifting sources of protein in the US diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bernstein AM, Treyzon L, Li Z. Are High-Protein, Vegetable-Based Diets Safe for Kidney Function? A Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 107:644-50. [PMID: 17383270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In individuals with chronic kidney disease, high-protein diets have been shown to accelerate renal deterioration, whereas low-protein diets increase the risk of protein malnutrition. Vegetarian diets have been promoted as a way to halt progression of kidney disease while maintaining adequate nutrition. We review the literature to date comparing the effects of animal and vegetable protein on kidney function in health and disease. Diets with conventional amounts of protein, as well as high-protein diets, are reviewed. The literature shows that in short-term clinical trials, animal protein causes dynamic effects on renal function, whereas egg white, dairy, and soy do not. These differences are seen both in diets with conventional amounts of protein and those with high amounts of protein. The long-term effects of animal protein on normal kidney function are not known. Although data on persons with chronic kidney disease are limited, it appears that high intake of animal and vegetable proteins accelerates the underlying disease process not only in physiologic studies but also in short-term interventional trials. The long-term effects of high protein intake on chronic kidney disease are still poorly understood. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the different effects of animal and vegetable proteins on normal kidney function, including differences in postprandial circulating hormones, sites of protein metabolism, and interaction with accompanying micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bourgeois P, Sato Y, Shaw J, Alarcon R, Bernstein AM, Bertozzi W, Botto T, Calarco J, Casagrande F, Distler MO, Dow K, Farkondeh M, Georgakopoulos S, Gilad S, Hicks R, Holtrop M, Hotta A, Jiang X, Karabarbounis A, Kirkpatrick J, Kowalski S, Milner R, Miskimen R, Nakagawa I, Papanicolas CN, Sarty AJ, Sirca S, Six E, Sparveris NF, Stave S, Stiliaris E, Tamae T, Tsentalovich G, Tschalaer C, Turchinetz W, Zhou ZL, Zwart T. Measurements of the generalized electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton at low Q2 using the virtual-compton-scattering reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:212001. [PMID: 17155738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mean square polarizability radii of the proton have been measured for the first time in a virtual-Compton-scattering experiment performed at the MIT-Bates out-of-plane scattering facility. Response functions and polarizabilities obtained from a dispersion analysis of the data at Q2 = 0.057 GeV2/c2 are in agreement with O(p3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. The data support the dominance of mesonic effects in the polarizabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bourgeois
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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39
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Bernstein AM, Willcox BJ, Tamaki H, Kunishima N, Suzuki M, Willcox DC, Yoo JSK, Perls TT. First autopsy study of an Okinawan centenarian: absence of many age-related diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 59:1195-9. [PMID: 15602075 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.11.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with the compression-of-morbidity hypothesis, several studies have reported that a significant proportion of centenarians delay or escape age-related diseases. Of those who live with such diseases for a long time, many appear to do so with better functional status than do younger persons who do not achieve extreme old age. The authors describe the first autopsy in an Okinawan-Japanese centenarian who escaped many age-related illnesses and delayed frailty toward the end of her very long life. Her late-life morbidity pattern is contrasted with that of white centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bernstein
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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40
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Sparveris NF, Alarcon R, Bernstein AM, Bertozzi W, Botto T, Bourgeois P, Calarco J, Casagrande F, Distler MO, Dow K, Farkondeh M, Georgakopoulos S, Gilad S, Hicks R, Holtrop M, Hotta A, Jiang X, Karabarbounis A, Kirkpatrick J, Kowalski S, Milner R, Miskimen R, Nakagawa I, Papanicolas CN, Sarty AJ, Sato Y, Sirca S, Shaw J, Six E, Stave S, Stiliaris E, Tamae T, Tsentalovich G, Tschalaer C, Turchinetz W, Zhou ZL, Zwart T. Investigation of the conjectured nucleon deformation at low momentum transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:022003. [PMID: 15698166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.022003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report new precise H(e,e(')p)pi(0) measurements at the Delta(1232) resonance at Q(2)=0.127 (GeV/c)(2) obtained at the MIT-Bates out-of-plane scattering facility which are particularly sensitive to the transverse electric amplitude (E2) of the gamma(*)N-->Delta transition. The new data have been analyzed together with those of earlier measurements to yield precise quadrupole to dipole amplitude ratios: Re(E(3/2)(1+)/M(3/2)(1+))=(-2.3+/-0.3(stat+syst)+/-0.6(model))% and Re(S(3/2)(1+)/M(3/2)(1+))=(-6.1+/-0.2(stat+syst)+/-0.5(model))% for M(3/2)(1+)=(41.4+/-0.3(stat+syst)+/-0.4(model))(10(-3)/m(pi(+))). The derived amplitudes give credence to the conjecture of deformation in hadrons favoring, at low Q2, the dominance of mesonic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Sparveris
- Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications and Department of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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41
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Merkel H, Bartsch P, Baumann D, Bermuth J, Bernstein AM, Bohinc K, Böhm R, Clawiter N, Derber S, Ding M, Distler MO, Ewald I, Friedrich JM, Friedrich J, Jennewein P, Kahrau M, Kohl M, Krygier KW, Kuss M, Liesenfeld A, Merle P, Miskimen RA, Müller U, Neuhausen R, Pavan MM, Pospischil T, Potokar M, Rosner G, Schmieden H, Seimetz M, Sirca S, Wagner A, Walcher T, Weis M. Neutral pion threshold production at Q(2) = 0.05 GeV(2)/c(2) and chiral perturbation theory. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:012301. [PMID: 11800938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New data are presented on the p(e,e'p)pi(0) reaction at threshold at a four-momentum transfer of Q(2) = 0.05 GeV(2)/c(2). The data were taken with the three-spectrometer setup of the A1 Collaboration at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The complete center of mass solid angle was covered up to a center of mass energy of 4 MeV above threshold. Combined with measurements at three different values of the virtual photon polarization epsilon, the structure functions sigma(T), sigma(L), sigma(TT), and sigma(TL) are determined. The results are compared with calculations in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory and with a phenomenological model. The measured cross section is significantly smaller than both predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Merkel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Schmidt A, Achenbach P, Ahrens J, Arends HJ, Beck R, Bernstein AM, Hejny V, Kotulla M, Krusche B, Kuhr V, Leukel R, MacGregor IJ, McGeorge JC, Metag V, Olmos De León VM, Rambo F, Siodlaczek U, Ströher H, Walcher T, Weiss J, Wissmann F, Wolf M. Test of low-energy theorems for 1H(--> gamma, pi(0))(H)in the threshold hegion. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:232501. [PMID: 11736448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photon asymmetry in the reaction 1H(--> gamma,pi(0))(1)H close to threshold has been measured for the first time with the photon spectrometer TAPS using linearly polarized photons from the tagged-photon facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The total and differential cross sections were also measured simultaneously with the photon asymmetry. This allowed determination of the S-wave and all three P-wave amplitudes. The values obtained at threshold are E(0+) = [-1.33+/-0.08(stat)+/-0.03(syst)] x 10(-3)/m(pi(+)), P(1) = [9.47 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.29(syst)] x 10(-3)q/m(2)(pi(+)), P(2) = [-9.46 +/- 0.1(stat) +/- 0.29(syst)] x 10(-3)q/m(2)(pi(+)), and P(3) = [11.48 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.35(syst)] x 10(-3)q/m(2)(pi(+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Mertz C, Vellidis CE, Alarcon R, Barkhuff DH, Bernstein AM, Bertozzi W, Burkert V, Chen J, Comfort JR, Dodson G, Dolfini S, Dow K, Farkhondeh M, Finn JM, Gilad S, Gothe RW, Jiang X, Joo K, Kaloskamis NI, Karabarbounis A, Kelly JJ, Kowalski S, Kunz C, Lourie RW, McIntyre JI, Milbrath BD, Miskimen R, Mitchell JH, Papanicolas CN, Perdrisat CF, Sarty AJ, Shaw J, Soong SB, Tieger D, Tschalaer C, Turchinetz W, Ulmer PE, Van Verst S, Warren GA, Weinstein LB, Williamson S, Woo RJ, Young A. Search for quadrupole strength in the electroexcitation of the delta+(1232). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:2963-2966. [PMID: 11290083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-precision 1H(e,e'p)pi(0) measurements at Q2 = 0.126 (GeV/c)2 are reported, which allow the determination of quadrupole amplitudes in the gamma*N-->Delta transition; they simultaneously test the reliability of electroproduction models. The derived quadrupole-to-dipole ( I = 3/2) amplitude ratios, R(SM) = (-6.5+/-0.2(stat+sys)+/-2.5(mod))% and R(EM) = (-2.1+/-0.2(stat+sys)+/-2.0(mod))%, are dominated by model error. Previous R(SM) and R(EM) results should be reconsidered after the model uncertainties associated with the method of their extraction are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mertz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, tempe 85287, USA
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Chen D, Bernstein AM, Lemons PP, Whiteheart SW. Molecular mechanisms of platelet exocytosis: role of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 2 in dense core granule release. Blood 2000; 95:921-9. [PMID: 10648404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the molecular mechanisms of platelet secretion, we focused on the calcium-induced exocytosis of dense core granules. Platelets contain several known t-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor [NSF] attachment protein receptors) such as syntaxins 2, 4, and 7 and SNAP-23 (synaptosomal associated protein 23). By using an in vitro exocytosis assay, we have been able to assign roles for some of these t-SNAREs in dense core granule release. This calcium-induced secretion relies on the SNARE proteins because it is stimulated by the addition of recombinant alpha-SNAP and inhibited by a dominant negative alpha-SNAP-L294A mutant or by anti-alpha-SNAP and anti-NSF antibodies. SNAP-23 antibodies and an inhibitory C-terminal SNAP-23 peptide both blocked dense core granule release, demonstrating a role for SNAP-23. Unlike other cell types, platelets contain a significant pool of soluble SNAP-23, which does not partition into Triton X-114. Of the anti-syntaxin antibodies tested, only anti-syntaxin 2 antibody inhibited dense core granule release. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that the 2 t-SNAREs syntaxin 2 and SNAP-23 do form a complex in vivo. These data clearly show that SNAPs, NSF, and specific t-SNAREs are used for dense core granule release; these data provide a greater understanding of regulated exocytosis in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Abstract
Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844-1924) was a giant figure in the formative years of modern surgical practice. His name lives on in the Trendelenburg position, a pelvis-up, head-down position that is of great use in surgical practice. That position, however, was certainly well known before Trendelenburg and the linkage of his name was by no means the greatest of Trendelenburg's achievements. Trendelenburg was a world class surgeon, innovator, and educator who made novel advances that spanned the entire range of surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bernstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Bernstein AM, Whiteheart SW. Identification of a cellubrevin/vesicle associated membrane protein 3 homologue in human platelets. Blood 1999; 93:571-9. [PMID: 9885218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest membrane trafficking events are mediated by integral, membrane proteins from both transport-vesicle and target membranes, called v- and t-SNAREs (SNAp REceptors), respectively. Previous experiments using antibodies to synaptobrevin/vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) 1, 2, or rat cellubrevin failed to detect these v-SNAREs in human platelets, although membrane proteins from these cells could support 20S complex formation. To identify v-SNAREs in platelets, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach with degenerate primers to amplify potential VAMP-like v-SNAREs. A cDNA encoding a novel v-SNARE was isolated from a human megakaryocyte cDNA library. Termed human cellubrevin (Hceb), this protein has greater than 93% identity with human VAMP 1, 2, and rat cellubrevin over the conserved core region, but has a unique N-terminal domain. Northern blot analysis showed that the 2. 5-kB mRNA encoding Hceb is expressed in every human tissue tested. Hceb from detergent-solubilized platelet membranes, participated in alpha-SNAP-dependent 20S complex formation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent disassembly, showing that Hceb can act as a v-SNARE in platelets. Immunofluorescence microscopy, using an anti-Hceb antibody showed a punctate, intracellular staining pattern in platelets, megakaryocytes, and HEK-293 cells. This same pattern was observed in surface-activated platelets even though all dense core and most alpha-granule contents had been released. These data suggest that Hceb may reside on a platelet organelle that is not primarily involved in the exocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bernstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA
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Lemons PP, Chen D, Bernstein AM, Bennett MK, Whiteheart SW. Regulated secretion in platelets: identification of elements of the platelet exocytosis machinery. Blood 1997; 90:1490-500. [PMID: 9269766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To further characterize the molecular mechanisms of platelet function, we have sought to identify some of the proteins that mediate the secretory events of the platelet release reaction. We report that platelets contain the general elements of the membrane transport apparatus: N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF), p115/transcytosis-associated protein (p115/TAP), and the soluble NSF attachment proteins (alpha- and, gamma-SNAP). The cDNAs encoding two of these proteins, alpha- and gamma-SNAP, have been cloned from a human platelet-derived cDNA library. Platelet membrane extracts possess SNAP receptor (SNARE) activity, suggesting that the class of proteins (SNAREs) proposed to provide the specificity for vesicle docking and membrane fusion are present in platelets. To identify these proteins, we have used specific antibodies against known SNAREs to probe platelet extracts. Syntaxin 2 and 4 can be readily detected in platelet membrane preparations and are shown to participate in 20 S complex formation. Syntaxin 1, 3, and 5 could not be detected. Other known SNARE and SNARE-associated proteins such as vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin 2, SNAP-25, synaptophysin, or synaptotagmin I could not be immunochemically detected in platelet membrane preparations. The presence of both the general transport proteins (NSF and SNAPs) and specific transport proteins (syntaxin 2 and 4) indicates that platelet exocytosis uses a molecular mechanism similar to other secretory cells such as neurons. However, the subcellular concentrations of these proteins suggest that, unlike neuronal secretion, granule-to plasma membrane docking may be the limiting step in platelet exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Lemons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536, USA
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Bernstein AM, Philips HC, Linden W, Fenster H. A psychophysiological evaluation of female urethral syndrome: evidence for a muscular abnormality. J Behav Med 1992; 15:299-312. [PMID: 1625341 DOI: 10.1007/bf00845358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This is a preliminary investigation into a recently defined urological disorder occurring in a subgroup of women with "urethral syndrome" suggestive of pelvic floor muscular (PFM) dysfunction. Symptoms include straining to void, urgency, frequency, hesitation, incontinence and/or retention, and subpubic pain. Finding neither bladder nor urological abnormalities, urologists may consider these women emotionally unstable without organic cause for their symptoms. However, their distress may be a consequence rather than a cause of their voiding problems. Sixteen female urological patients were matched with 16 asymptomatic controls to investigate PFM functioning, psychological status, and symptomatology. Results showed heterogeneity of symptomatology and little elevation of depression or anxiety when comparing patients with controls. Hypotheses of muscular abnormality were confirmed. Patients evidence poor control over testing and relaxing PFM, elevations of PFM activity under various conditions, and chronic pain as a prominent symptom. Treatment approaches specifically designed to address PFM dysfunction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bernstein
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Thompson AK, Bernstein AM, Chupp TE, DeAngelis DJ, Dodge GE, Dodson G, Dow KA, Farkhondeh M, Fong W, Kim JY, Loveman RA, Richardson JM, Schmieden H, Tieger DR, Yates TC, Wagshul ME, Zumbro JD. Quasielastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons from Polarized He3 and Measurement of the Neutron's Form Factors. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:2901-2904. [PMID: 10045524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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