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Ross P, Nemec PS, Kapatos A, Miller KR, Holmes JC, Suter SE, Buntzman AS, Soderblom EJ, Collins EJ, Hess PR. The canine MHC class Ia allele DLA-88*508:01 presents diverse self- and canine distemper virus-origin peptides of varying length that have a conserved binding motif. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:76-86. [PMID: 29475511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ideally, CD8+ T-cell responses against virally infected or malignant cells are defined at the level of the specific peptide and restricting MHC class I element, a determination not yet made in the dog. To advance the discovery of canine CTL epitopes, we sought to determine whether a putative classical MHC class Ia gene, Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA)-88, presents peptides from a viral pathogen, canine distemper virus (CDV). To investigate this possibility, DLA-88*508:01, an allele prevalent in Golden Retrievers, was expressed as a FLAG-tagged construct in canine histiocytic cells to allow affinity purification of peptide-DLA-88 complexes and subsequent elution of bound peptides. Pattern analysis of self peptide sequences, which were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), permitted binding preferences to be inferred. DLA-88*508:01 binds peptides that are 9-to-12 amino acids in length, with a modest preference for 9- and 11-mers. Hydrophobic residues are favored at positions 2 and 3, as are K, R or F residues at the C-terminus. Testing motif-matched and -unmatched synthetic peptides via peptide-MHC surface stabilization assay using a DLA-88*508:01-transfected, TAP-deficient RMA-S line supported these conclusions. With CDV infection, 22 viral peptides ranging from 9-to-12 residues in length were identified in DLA-88*508:01 eluates by LC-MS/MS. Combined motif analysis and surface stabilization assay data suggested that 11 of these 22 peptides, derived from CDV hemagglutinin, large polymerase, matrix, nucleocapsid, and V proteins, were processed and presented, and thus, potential targets of anti-viral CTL in DLA-88*508:01-bearing dogs. The presentation of diverse self and viral peptides indicates that DLA-88 is a classical MHC class Ia gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Paige S Nemec
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Alexander Kapatos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith R Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer C Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute for Genome Science and Policy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Edward J Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Narra HP, Shubitz LF, Mandel MA, Trinh HT, Griffin K, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Galgiani JN, Orbach MJ. A Coccidioides posadasii CPS1 Deletion Mutant Is Avirulent and Protects Mice from Lethal Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3007-16. [PMID: 27481239 PMCID: PMC5038059 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00633-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The CPS1 gene was identified as a virulence factor in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus Hypothesizing that the homologous gene in Coccidioides posadasii could be important for virulence, we created a Δcps1 deletion mutant which was unable to cause disease in three strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, or the severely immunodeficient NOD-scid,γc(null) [NSG]). Only a single colony was recovered from 1 of 60 C57BL/6 mice following intranasal infections of up to 4,400 spores. Following administration of very high doses (10,000 to 2.5 × 10(7) spores) to NSG and BALB/c mice, spherules were observed in lung sections at time points from day 3 to day 10 postinfection, but nearly all appeared degraded with infrequent endosporulation. Although the role of CPS1 in virulence is not understood, phenotypic alterations and transcription differences of at least 33 genes in the Δcps1 strain versus C. posadasii is consistent with both metabolic and regulatory functions for the gene. The in vitro phenotype of the Δcps1 strain showed slower growth of mycelia with delayed and lower spore production than C. posadasii, and in vitro spherules were smaller. Vaccination of C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice with live Δcps1 spores either intranasally, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously resulted in over 95% survival with mean residual lung fungal burdens of <1,000 CFU from an otherwise lethal C. posadasii intranasal infection. Considering its apparently complete attenuation of virulence and the high degree of resistance to C. posadasii infection when used as a vaccine, the Δcps1 strain is a promising vaccine candidate for preventing coccidioidomycosis in humans or other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema P Narra
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lisa F Shubitz
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - M Alejandra Mandel
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hien T Trinh
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kurt Griffin
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Frelinger
- The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - John N Galgiani
- The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marc J Orbach
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA The Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Hunsucker SA, McGary CS, Vincent BG, Enyenihi AA, Waugh JP, McKinnon KP, Bixby LM, Ropp PA, Coghill JM, Wood WA, Gabriel DA, Sarantopoulos S, Shea TC, Serody JS, Alatrash G, Rodriguez-Cruz T, Lizée G, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Glish GL, Armistead PM. Peptide/MHC tetramer-based sorting of CD8⁺ T cells to a leukemia antigen yields clonotypes drawn nonspecifically from an underlying restricted repertoire. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:228-35. [PMID: 25576336 PMCID: PMC4351150 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Testing of T cell-based cancer therapeutics often involves measuring cancer antigen-specific T-cell populations with the assumption that they arise from in vivo clonal expansion. This analysis, using peptide/MHC tetramers, is often ambiguous. From a leukemia cell line, we identified a CDK4-derived peptide epitope, UNC-CDK4-1 (ALTPVVVTL), that bound HLA-A*02:01 with high affinity and could induce CD8⁺ T-cell responses in vitro. We identified UNC-CDK4-1/HLA-A*02:01 tetramer⁺ populations in 3 of 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who had undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Using tetramer-based, single-cell sorting and T-cell receptor β (TCRβ) sequencing, we identified recurrent UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer-associated TCRβ clonotypes in a patient with a UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer⁺ population, suggesting in vivo T-cell expansion to UNC-CDK4-1. In parallel, we measured the patient's TCRβ repertoire and found it to be highly restricted/oligoclonal. The UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer-associated TCRβ clonotypes represented >17% of the entire TCRβ repertoire-far in excess of the UNC-CDK4-1 tetramer⁺ frequency-indicating that the recurrent TCRβ clonotypes identified from UNC-CDK-4-1 tetramer⁺ cells were likely a consequence of the extremely constrained T-cell repertoire in the patient and not in vivo UNC-CDK4-1-driven clonal T-cell expansion. Mapping recurrent TCRβ clonotype sequences onto TCRβ repertoires can help confirm or refute antigen-specific T-cell expansion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen S McGary
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Atim A Enyenihi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer P Waugh
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen P McKinnon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lisa M Bixby
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Patricia A Ropp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James M Coghill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William A Wood
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Don A Gabriel
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas C Shea
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tania Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory Lizée
- Department of Melanoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul M Armistead
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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4
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Towne JW, Wagner AM, Griffin KJ, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Besselsen DG. Elimination of Pasteurella pneumotropica from a mouse barrier facility by using a modified enrofloxacin treatment regimen. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2014; 53:517-522. [PMID: 25255075 PMCID: PMC4181694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple NOD. Cg-Prkdc(scid)Il2rg(tm1Wjl)Tg(HLA-A2.1)Enge/Sz (NSG/A2) transgenic mice maintained in a mouse barrier facility were submitted for necropsy to determine the cause of facial alopecia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and sudden death. Pneumonia and soft-tissue abscesses were observed, and Pasteurella pneumotropica biotype Jawetz was consistently isolated from the upper respiratory tract, lung, and abscesses. Epidemiologic investigation within the facility revealed presence of this pathogen in mice generated or rederived by the intramural Genetically Engineered Mouse Model (GEMM) Core but not in mice procured from several approved commercial vendors. Epidemiologic data suggested the infection originated from female or vasectomized male ND4 mice obtained from a commercial vendor and then comingled by the GEMM Core to induce pseudopregnancy in female mice for embryo implantation. Enrofloxacin delivered in drinking water (85 mg/kg body weight daily) for 14 d was sufficient to clear bacterial infection in normal, breeding, and immune-deficient mice without the need to change the antibiotic water source. This modified treatment regimen was administered to 2400 cages of mice to eradicate Pasteurella pneumotropica from the facility. Follow-up PCR testing for P. pneumotropica biotype Jawetz remained uniformly negative at 2, 6, 12, and 52 wk after treatment in multiple strains of mice that were originally infected. Together, these data indicate that enrofloxacin can eradicate P. pneumotropica from infected mice in a less labor-intensive approach that does not require breeding cessation and that is easily adaptable to the standard biweekly cage change schedule for individually ventilated cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Towne
- University Animal Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - April M Wagner
- University Animal Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kurt J Griffin
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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5
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Hess SM, Young EF, Miller KR, Vincent BG, Buntzman AS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Deletion of naïve T cells recognizing the minor histocompatibility antigen HY with toxin-coupled peptide-MHC class I tetramers inhibits cognate CTL responses and alters immunodominance. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:138-45. [PMID: 24161680 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alloreactive T-cell responses directed against minor histocompatibility (H) antigens, which arise from diverse genetic disparities between donor and recipient outside the MHC, are an important cause of rejection of MHC-matched grafts. Because clinically significant responses appear to be directed at only a few antigens, the selective deletion of naïve T cells recognizing donor-specific, immunodominant minor H antigens in recipients before transplantation may be a useful tolerogenic strategy. We have previously demonstrated that peptide-MHC class I tetramers coupled to a toxin can efficiently eliminate specific TCR-transgenic T cells in vivo. Here, using the minor histocompatibility antigen HY as a model, we investigated whether toxic tetramers could inhibit the subsequent priming of the two H2-D(b)-restricted, immunodominant T-cell responses by deleting precursor CTL. Immunization of female mice with male bone marrow elicited robust CTL activity against the Uty and Smcy epitopes, with Uty constituting the major response. As hypothesized, toxic tetramer administration prior to immunization increased survival of cognate peptide-pulsed cells in an in vivo CTL assay, and reduced the frequency of corresponding T cells. However, tetramer-mediated decreases in either T-cell population magnified CTL responses against the non-targeted epitope, suggesting that D(b)-Uty(+) and D(b)-Smcy(+) T cells compete for a limited common resource during priming. Toxic tetramers conceivably could be used in combination to dissect manipulate CD8(+) T-cell immunodominance hierarchies, and to prevent the induction of donor-specific, minor H antigen CTL responses in allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Hess
- Immunology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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6
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Holmes JC, Holmer SG, Ross P, Buntzman AS, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Polymorphisms and tissue expression of the feline leukocyte antigen class I loci FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:675-89. [PMID: 23812210 PMCID: PMC3777221 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell immunosurveillance for intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, is controlled by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia molecules, and ideally, these antiviral T-cell populations are defined by the specific peptide and restricting MHC allele. Surprisingly, despite the utility of the cat in modeling human viral immunity, little is known about the feline leukocyte antigen class I complex (FLAI). Only a few coding sequences with uncertain locus origin and expression patterns have been reported. Of 19 class I genes, three loci--FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K--are predicted to encode classical molecules, and our objective was to evaluate their status by analyzing polymorphisms and tissue expression. Using locus-specific, PCR-based genotyping, we amplified 33 FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K alleles from 12 cats of various breeds, identifying, for the first time, alleles across three distinct loci in a feline species. Alleles shared the expected polymorphic and invariant sites in the α1/α2 domains, and full-length cDNA clones possessed all characteristic class Ia exons. Alleles could be assigned to a specific locus with reasonable confidence, although there was evidence of potentially confounding interlocus recombination between FLAI-E and FLAI-K. Only FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K origin alleles were amplified from cDNAs of multiple tissue types. We also defined hypervariable regions across these genes, which permitted the assignment of names to both novel and established alleles. As predicted, FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K fulfill the major criteria of class Ia genes. These data represent a necessary prerequisite for studying epitope-specific antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Holmes
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Savannah G. Holmer
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Ross
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam S. Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Frelinger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Hess
- Immunology Program, and Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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7
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Woolard MD, Barrigan LM, Fuller JR, Buntzman AS, Bryan J, Manoil C, Kawula TH, Frelinger JA. Identification of Francisella novicida mutants that fail to induce prostaglandin E(2) synthesis by infected macrophages. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:16. [PMID: 23403609 PMCID: PMC3568750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. We have previously shown that infection with F. tularensis Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) induces macrophages to synthesize prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Synthesis of PGE2 by F. tularensis infected macrophages results in decreased T cell proliferation in vitro and increased bacterial survival in vivo. Although we understand some of the biological consequences of F. tularensis induced PGE2 synthesis by macrophages, we do not understand the cellular pathways (neither host nor bacterial) that result in up-regulation of the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway in F. tularensis infected macrophages. We took a genetic approach to begin to understand the molecular mechanisms of bacterial induction of PGE2 synthesis from infected macrophages. To identify F. tularensis genes necessary for the induction of PGE2 in primary macrophages, we infected cells with individual mutants from the closely related strain F. tularensis subspecies novicida U112 (U112) two allele mutant library. Twenty genes were identified that when disrupted resulted in U112 mutant strains unable to induce the synthesis of PGE2 by infected macrophages. Fourteen of the genes identified are located within the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). Genes in the FPI are required for F. tularensis to escape from the phagosome and replicate in the cytosol, which might account for the failure of U112 with transposon insertions within the FPI to induce PGE2. This implies that U112 mutant strains that do not grow intracellularly would also not induce PGE2. We found that U112 clpB::Tn grows within macrophages yet fails to induce PGE2, while U112 pdpA::Tn does not grow yet does induce PGE2. We also found that U112 iglC::Tn neither grows nor induces PGE2. These findings indicate that there is dissociation between intracellular growth and the ability of F. tularensis to induce PGE2 synthesis. These mutants provide a critical entrée into the pathways used in the host for PGE2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Woolard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport Shreveport, LA, USA
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8
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Kidd JA, Ross P, Buntzman AS, Hess PR. Development of an ELISA to detect circulating anti-asparaginase antibodies in dogs with lymphoid neoplasia treated with Escherichia coli l-asparaginase. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 13:77-88. [PMID: 23253146 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to Escherichia coli l-asparaginase in canine lymphoma occurs frequently with repeated administration, a phenomenon often attributed, without substantiation, to the induction of neutralizing antibodies. To test the hypothesis that treated dogs develop antibodies against the drug, we created an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure plasma anti-asparaginase immunoglobulin G responses. Using samples from dogs that had received multiple doses, specific reactivity against l-asparaginase was demonstrated, while naïve patients' samples were negative. The optimized ELISA appeared sensitive, with endpoint titers >1 600 000 in positive control dogs. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.6 and 14.5%. The assay was supported by the observation that ELISA-positive plasma could immunoprecipitate asparaginase activity. When clinical patients were evaluated, 3/10 dogs developed titers after a single injection; with repeated administration, 4/7 dogs were positive. l-asparaginase antibodies showed reduced binding to the PEGylated drug formulation. The ELISA should prove useful in investigating the potential correlation of antibody responses with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kidd
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - P Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A S Buntzman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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9
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Ross P, Buntzman AS, Vincent BG, Grover EN, Gojanovich GS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Allelic diversity at the DLA-88 locus in Golden Retriever and Boxer breeds is limited. Tissue Antigens 2012; 80:175-83. [PMID: 22571293 PMCID: PMC3407292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the dog, previous analyses of major histocompatibility complex class I genes suggest a single polymorphic locus, dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-88. While 51 alleles have been reported, estimates of prevalence have not been made. We hypothesized that, within a breed, DLA-88 diversity would be restricted, and one or more dominant alleles could be identified. Accordingly, we determined allele usage in 47 Golden Retrievers and 39 Boxers. In each population, 10 alleles were found; 4 were shared. Seven novel alleles were identified. DLA-88*05101 and *50801 predominated in Golden Retrievers, while most Boxers carried *03401. In these breeds, DLA-88 polymorphisms are limited and largely non-overlapping. The finding of highly prevalent alleles fulfills an important prerequisite for studying canine CD8+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Adam S. Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Vincent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elise N. Grover
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gregory S. Gojanovich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward J. Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul R. Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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10
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Gojanovich GS, Murray SL, Buntzman AS, Young EF, Vincent BG, Hess PR. The use of peptide-major-histocompatibility-complex multimers in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012; 6:515-24. [PMID: 22768881 DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules present short peptides that are derived from endogenous and exogenous proteins, respectively, to cognate T-cell receptors (TCRs) on the surface of T cells. The exquisite specificity with which T cells recognize particular peptide-major-histocompatibility-complex (pMHC) combinations has permitted development of soluble pMHC multimers that bind exclusively to selected T-cell populations. Because the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is driven largely by islet-reactive T-cell activity that causes β-cell death, these reagents are useful tools for studying and, potentially, for treating this disease. When coupled to fluorophores or paramagnetic nanoparticles, pMHC multimers have been used to visualize the expansion and islet invasion of T-cell effectors during diabetogenesis. Administration of pMHC multimers to mice has been shown to modulate T-cell responses by signaling through the TCR or by delivering a toxic moiety that deletes the targeted T cell. In the nonobese diabetic mouse model of T1DM, a pMHC-I tetramer coupled to a potent ribosome-inactivating toxin caused long-term elimination of a specific diabetogenic cluster of differentiation 8+ T-cell population from the pancreatic islets and delayed the onset of diabetes. This review will provide an overview of the development and use of pMHC multimers, particularly in T1DM, and describe the therapeutic promise these reagents have as an antigen-specific means of ameliorating deleterious T-cell responses in this autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg S Gojanovich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
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Vincent BG, Young EF, Buntzman AS, Stevens R, Kepler TB, Tisch RM, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Toxin-coupled MHC class I tetramers can specifically ablate autoreactive CD8+ T cells and delay diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 2010; 184:4196-204. [PMID: 20220085 PMCID: PMC2868268 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that self-reactive CD8(+) T cells are a major factor in development and progression of type 1 diabetes in animals and humans. Hence, great effort has been expended to define the specificity of autoimmune CD8(+) T cells and to alter their responses. Much work has focused on tolerization of T cells using proteins or peptides. A weakness in this approach is that residual autoreactive T cells may be activated and exacerbate disease. In this report, we use a novel approach, toxin-coupled MHC class I tetramers. Used for some time to identify Ag-specific cells, in this study, we use that same property to delete the Ag-specific cells. We show that saporin-coupled tetramers can delete islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP)-reactive T cells in vitro and in vivo. Sequence analysis of TCRbeta-chains of IGRP(+) cells reveals the repertoire complexity in the islets is markedly decreased as NOD mice age and significantly altered in toxic tetramer-treated NOD mice. Further tetramer(+) T cells in the islets are almost completely deleted, and, surprisingly, loss of tetramer(+) T cells in the islets is long lasting. Finally, we show deletion at 8 wk of age of IGRP(+) CD8(+) T cells, but not dystophia myotonica kinase- or insulin B-reactive cells, significantly delays diabetes in NOD mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Progression
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/administration & dosage
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/biosynthesis
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/administration & dosage
- H-2 Antigens/toxicity
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Immunotoxins/administration & dosage
- Immunotoxins/toxicity
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Mimicry/immunology
- Proteins/administration & dosage
- Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/administration & dosage
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/toxicity
- Saporins
- beta 2-Microglobulin/administration & dosage
- beta 2-Microglobulin/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Vincent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Hess PR, Murray SL, Buntzman AS, Young EF, Steele SP, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA. Selective deletion of HY-reactive CD8+ T cells by saporin-coupled MHC class I tetramers (141.15). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.141.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the principal effectors mediating rejection of allografts performed across minor histocompatibility (H) antigen (Ag) barriers. Previously we have shown that cytotoxic class I tetramers are capable of selectively deleting cognate T cells in vivo; in this study, we hypothesized that tetramers targeting minor H Ag-reactive T cells would permit long-term tolerance of mismatched grafts. To investigate this prediction, we used the male HY Ag in C57BL/6 mice as a model of a minor H barrier. A single immunization of female mice with male bone marrow cells reliably primed T cells against the two major H2-Db-restricted HY epitopes, Uty and Smcy, with peak expansion at 14 days. We prepared Db-Uty and Db-Smcy tetramers coupled to the ribosome-inactivating toxin, saporin. When administered prior to immunization, cognate CD8+ T cell responses were no longer evident in the blood at day 14, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses measured against peptide-pulsed and native targets in vivo were significantly diminished. Treatment with saporin-coupled HY tetramers allowed prolonged survival of male bone marrow allografts in female mice. This work demonstrates that cytotoxic tetramers can exert meaningful biologic effects in vivo, and illustrates a potentially useful means of obtaining Ag-specific transplantation tolerance. This project is supported by grants from the NIH (1K08DK082264-01A1) and NCSU-CVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hess
- 1Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Sabrina L Murray
- 1Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ellen F Young
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun P Steele
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edward J Collins
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey A Frelinger
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Vincent BG, Young EF, Stevens R, Buntzman AS, Kepler TB, Frelinger JA. Diversity of a diabetegenic T cell population decreases with age in pre‐diabetic NOD mice. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen F. Young
- Microbiology / ImmunologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Rosemary Stevens
- Microbiology / ImmunologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Adam S. Buntzman
- Microbiology / ImmunologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Frelinger
- Microbiology / ImmunologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
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