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Hamed M, Said REM, Martyniuk CJ, Soliman HAM, Sayed AEDH, Osman AGM. Reproductive and endocrine-disrupting toxicity of pyrogallol in catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Environ Pollut 2024; 352:124104. [PMID: 38703978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are synthetic or natural chemicals that can agonize/antagonize hormone receptors or can interfere with the production and secretion of hormones, leading to altered tissue histology and physiology. Pyrogallol is a contaminant widely distributed in aquatic environments that presents health risks to both humans and animals. However, the potential for endocrine disruption by pyrogallol, particularly in fish, are lacking. The purpose of this study was to shed light on how pyrogallol may affect hormone signalling, histopathology, and reproductive outcomes in African catfish Clarias gariepinus. To investigate this, African catfish were exposed to one sublethal concentration of pyrogallol at either 0, 1, 5 or 10 mg/L for 15 days. We then assessed the effects of pyrogallol on the thyroid gland as well as the reproductive system by measuring sex hormone, seminal quality, gonadal histopathology, and histochemistry. Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine showed notable decreases in catfish, and triiodothyronine was decreased with 10 mg/L pyrogallol. Unlike luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly reduced in fish following exposure to pyrogallol relative to controls. Testosterone was also decreased in fish following pyrogallol exposure, whereas 17β-estradiol increased in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. Additionally, in response to pyrogallol toxicity, sperm quality indices, including count, spermatocrit, motility, and sperm viability were adversely affected in a concentration-dependent manner. Pyrogallol exposure also induced several changes in the gonad following exposure to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L. Deformed tubular structures, vacuolation, thickening of the basement membrane, hypertrophy of the seminiferous tubules, intense melanomacrophage localization, spermatozoa loss, and necrosis were all observed in the testes. In the ovary, atretic follicles, deteriorated mature oocytes, degenerated yolk globules, and an increase in perinucleolar oocytes were observed in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. These findings suggest that pyrogallol may act as endocrine disrupting substance in aquatic environments. Further research on the mechanisms by which pyrogallol impairs endocrine systems, particularly in fish, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 8562, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Hamed M, Said REM, Soliman HAM, Osman AGM, Martyniuk CJ. Immunotoxicological, histopathological, and ultrastructural effects of waterborne pyrogallol exposure on African catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Chemosphere 2024; 349:140792. [PMID: 38016523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogallol is a naturally occurring polyphenol derived from natural plants, such as Acer rubrum and Eucalyptus sp. The current study was designed to evaluated pyrogallol-mediated toxicity at sublethal levels (1, 5, and 10 mg/L), derived from 96 h-LC50 values previously determined for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Immunotoxicological indices, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations in C. gariepinus were evaluated following a 15-day pyrogallol exposure. Pyrogallol decreased immune parameters [lysozyme activity (LYZ), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and phagocytic activity] and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of C. gariepinus. In addition, histopathology analysis demonstrated that exposure to pyrogallol induced injury in the liver and spleen of fish. Cellular changes in the liver include hepatocyte hydropic degeneration, melanomacrophage, vacuolated hepatocytes, congested blood, severe structural deformation, and hemorrhage. In the spleen, ellipsoid structures, melanomacrophage centers, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were evident. Together, a high frequency of histopathological lesions was scored in both the liver and spleen of C. gariepinus, which showed a dose-dependent relationship between pyrogallol exposure and histopathological indices. Our data suggest that dysfunction in the immune system may be mediated by pyrogallol-induced changes in cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 8562, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Hamed M, Soliman HAM, Said REM, Martyniuk CJ, Osman AGM, Sayed AEDH. Oxidative stress, antioxidant defense responses, and histopathology: Biomarkers for monitoring exposure to pyrogallol in Clarias gariepinus. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119845. [PMID: 38109825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogallol promotes free radicals leading to oxidative stress and toxicity. There are however a lack of studies on oxidative stress and the antioxidant system of fish following exposure to pyrogallol. This study measured oxidative stress markers, antioxidant responses, and histological changes in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. Fish were divided into one of four experimental groups: control only, or 1, 5 or 10 mg/L pyrogallol. After 15 days, glutathione-S-transferase in the serum was decreased in fish exposed to either 5 or 10 mg/L pyrogallol relative to controls while superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were decreased significantly in fish exposed to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol. Conversely, catalase was increased in serum of fish exposed to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol compared to controls. The liver of fish treated with 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, hydroperoxide content, oxidised protein content, and DNA fragmentation %) that varied with concentration. Catfish exposed to either 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol presented with notable histological alterations in the intestine, kidney, and muscles with prominent fibrosis, as intense deposition of collagen fibre was observed by Masson's trichrome staining. Overall, endpoints related to oxidative stress and antioxidant defence enzymes in fish may be early biomarkers of pyrogallol exposure and contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Additional studies should characterize oxidative stress indicators for their utility as biomarkers of effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canter for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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Hamed M, Martyniuk CJ, Said REM, Soliman HAM, Badrey AEA, Hassan EA, Abdelhamid HN, Osman AGM, Sayed AEDH. Exposure to pyrogallol impacts the hemato-biochemical endpoints in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122074. [PMID: 37331582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogallol is widely used in several industrial applications and can subsequently contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Here, we report for the first time the presence of pyrogallol in wastewater in Egypt. Currently, there is a complete lack of toxicity and carcinogenicity data for pyrogallol exposure in fish. To address this gap, both acute and sub-acute toxicity experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of pyrogallol in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Behavioral and morphological endpoints were evaluated, in addition to blood hematological endpoints, biochemical indices, electrolyte balance, and the erythron profile (poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities). In the acute toxicity assay, it was determined that the 96 h median-lethal concentration (96 h-LC50) of pyrogallol for catfish was 40 mg/L. In sub-acute toxicity experiment, fish divided into four groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was exposed to 1 mg/L of pyrogallol, Group 3 was exposed to 5 mg/L of pyrogallol, and Group 4 was exposed to 10 mg/L of pyrogallol. Fish showed morphological changes such as erosion of the dorsal and caudal fins, skin ulcers, and discoloration following exposure to pyrogallol for 96 h. Exposure to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L pyrogallol caused a significant decrease in hematological indices, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC), thrombocytes, and large and small lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Several biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose) were altered in a concentration dependent manner with short term exposures to pyrogallol. Pyrogallol exposure also caused a significant concentration-dependent rise in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs in catfish. In conclusion, our data suggest that pyrogallol should be considered further in environmental risk assessments of aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E A Badrey
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Elhagag A Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Hani N Abdelhamid
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Assuit University, Assuit, 71515, Egypt; Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt; Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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Hassan YAM, Badrey AEA, Osman AGM, Mahdy A. Occurrence and distribution of meso- and macroplastics in the water, sediment, and fauna of the Nile River, Egypt. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1130. [PMID: 37653356 PMCID: PMC10471642 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study described the most recent findings concerning the abundance and distribution of plastic in water, sediment, and fauna in the Nile River of Upper Egypt as an interesting research point. The findings revealed that plastics were abundant in the water, sediments, fish, and crayfish throughout the sites. The Nagaa Hammadi site has the highest abundance of meso- and macroplastics in its water and sediment. African catfish had the highest abundance of meso- and macroplastics compared to the other species, while Nile tilapia had no meso- or macroplastics in its alimentary canal or gills in all sites. The Edfu site has the highest abundance of mesoplastics in the alimentary canals of African catfish, while the Nagaa Hammadi site has the highest abundance of mesoplastics in the gills, and macroplastics appeared only in the alimentary canal of African catfish from the El-wasta site. Only mesoplastics were found in the crayfish's alimentary canal, with the Nagaa Hammadi site having the highest abundance. No macroplastics were detected in the crayfish's gills or alimentary canal. Additionally, this work lets us understand how plastics behave in freshwater environments, and it is a step toward decision-makers taking appropriate measures to reduce their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine A M Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E A Badrey
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Aldoushy Mahdy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Sayed AEDH, Hamed M, Badrey AEA, Ismail RF, Osman YAA, Osman AGM, Soliman HAM. Microplastic distribution, abundance, and composition in the sediments, water, and fishes of the Red and Mediterranean seas, Egypt. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:112966. [PMID: 34563956 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study records the extent of microplastics (MPs) in the surface water, sediments, and fishes of the Mediterranean and Red seas in Egypt. In sediment and water samples, the Ras Gharib station in the Red sea and Damietta and Port Said stations in the Mediterranean sea exhibited the highest microplastic abundance, while the lowest concentration was found in the Ain Sukhna station in the Red Sea and Marsa Matruh station in the Mediterranean sea. Rayon and polyethylene terephthalate were the most frequently found polymers in fishes. The results highlighted the abundant existence of microplastics in sediments, water, and fishes of the Mediterranean and Red seas, thereby improving our understanding of the environmental risks posed by microplastics to fisheries and marine ecosystems and the need for measures to diminish the flux of plastics to the marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E A Badrey
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 8562 Sohag, Egypt
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Hamed M, Osman AGM, Badrey AEA, Soliman HAM, Sayed AEDH. Microplastics-Induced Eryptosis and Poikilocytosis in Early-Juvenile Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Front Physiol 2021; 12:742922. [PMID: 34650449 PMCID: PMC8507840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.742922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the impact of microplastics (MPs) on erythrocytes using eryptosis (apoptosis) and an erythron profile (poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities), considered to be novel biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this study, four groups of fish were used: The first was the control group. In the second group, 1 mg/L of MPs was introduced to the samples. The third group was exposed to 10 mg/L of MPs. Finally, the fourth group was exposed to 100 mg/L of MPs for 15 days, following 15 days of recovery. The fish treated with MPs experienced an immense rise in the eryptosis percentage, poikilocytosis, and nuclear abnormalities of red blood cells (RBCs) compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent manner. Poikilocytosis of MP-exposed groups included sickle cell shape, schistocyte, elliptocyte, acanthocyte, and other shapes. Nuclear abnormalities of the MPs-exposed groups included micronuclei, binucleated erythrocytes, notched, lobed, blebbed, and hemolyzed nuclei. After the recovery period, a greater percentage of eryptosis, poikilocytotic cells, and nuclear abnormalities in RBCs were still evident in the groups exposed to MPs when crosschecked with the control group. The results show concerning facts regarding the toxicity of MPs in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa G. M. Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. A. Badrey
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Cairo, Egypt
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Hamed M, Soliman HAM, Osman AGM, Sayed AEDH. Antioxidants and molecular damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to microplastics. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:14581-14588. [PMID: 32048193 PMCID: PMC7190598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research on the biological effects of microplastics (MPs) has grown exponentially. However, effects of MPs on freshwater fishes and the mechanisms of the biological effects of MPs were limited. So, the purpose of the current study was to clarify the effects of microplastics on oxidative stress response, DNA fragmentation, and proteinogram of the early juvenile stage of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fishes were assigned into four groups: one control, three MPs-exposed groups as 1 mg/L of MPs, 10 mg/L of MPs, and 100 mg/L of MPs respectively for 15 days and 15 days of recovery. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total peroxides, and oxidative stress index (OSI), as well as lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, increased in groups exposed to MPs compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the activity of total antioxidant capacity decreased in groups exposed to MPs compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The electrophoretic pattern of muscle proteins revealed alteration in the proteinogram in the MPs-exposed groups compared to control. After the recovery period, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total peroxides, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, and the electrophoretic pattern of muscle proteins returned to normal levels in 1 mg/L of MPs-exposed group. Combined with our previous work, these results suggest that MPs cause the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alters the antioxidants parameters, resulting in oxidative stress and DNA damage. The present study fosters a better understanding of the toxic effects of MPs on Tilapia as a freshwater model. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-AzharUniversity (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-AzharUniversity (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Hamed M, Soliman HAM, Osman AGM, Sayed AEDH. Assessment the effect of exposure to microplastics in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) early juvenile: I. blood biomarkers. Chemosphere 2019; 228:345-350. [PMID: 31039541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of knowledge about the impacts of microplastics (MPs) on the early juvenile stage of freshwater fish. The current study aims to inspect the exposure and post-exposure recovery of microplastics (MPs) on accumulation and blood biomarkers of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) early juvenile. Four groups of fishes were used; the first group was the control group, the second group was exposed to (1 mg/L of MPs), the third group was exposed to (10 mg/L of MPs), and the fourth group was exposed to (100 mg/L of MPs) for 15 days and 15 days of recovery. The results showed that significantly higher numbers of microplastics were observed in microplastics-exposed groups compared to control group. Biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, and A/G ratio) showed significant increment after exposure to microplastics for 15 days compared to control group in dose dependent manner. The hematological indices (RBC's count, Hb, Ht, MCHC, Platelets, WBC's count, and monocytes) showed a significant decline after exposure to microplastics for 15 days compared to control group, while MCV and MCH showed a significant increase after exposure to microplastics for 15 days. After the recovery period, microplastics accumulations, hemato-biochemical alterations were still detected in microplastics exposed groups compared to the control group except for WBC's count and MCV which return to normal levels. MPs caused anemia and perturbations in hemato-biochemical parameters which may cause mortality of tilapia early juvenile and should be considered in a program for monitoring hazard materials in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-AzharUniversity (Assiut Branch), 71524, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 8562, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-AzharUniversity (Assiut Branch), 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt
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Ibrahim ATA, AbouelFadl KY, Osman AGM. Ultraviolet A-induced hematotoxic and genotoxic potential in Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1495-1502. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish as an aquatic organism could be harmed by various levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Th. A. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Science
- Assiut University (New Valley Branch)
- Egypt
| | - Khaled Y. AbouelFadl
- Lecturer of Fish biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology
- Aswan University
- Egypt
| | - Alaa G. M. Osman
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Science
- Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch)
- 71524 Assiut
- Egypt
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Galal-Khallaf A, Osman AGM, El-Ganainy A, Farrag MM, Mohammed-AbdAllah E, Moustafa MA, Mohammed-Geba K. Mitochondrial genetic markers for authentication of major Red Sea grouper species (Perciformes: Serranidae) in Egypt: A tool for enhancing fisheries management and species conservation. Gene 2018; 689:235-245. [PMID: 30572096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Groupers are coral fish species of prime ecological and economic significance. The interactions among them and other coral reefs organisms aid the healthiness and species balance in this fundamental marine niches. Also, groupers are among the top priced fisheries species. The Egyptian habitats of the Red Sea are lacking genetic studies that assess species diversity for the final goal of conservation and fisheries management. Moreover, morphological similarities among these organisms sometimes hinder a proper species identification. Hence, more accurate groupers authentication methods are crucially required. Sixteen grouper species belonging to the genera Epinephelus, Anyperodon, Cephaolopholes, Aethaloperca, Variola, and Plectropomus, present in the Red Sea in Egypt, were investigated for species authentication through mitochondrial DNA variations, applying cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12srRNA genes sequencing. GenBank comparisons, phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of pairwise distances were carried out. All these analyses aimed to species authentication and identifying their relations at the international scale. The results exhibited >98% identity with E. fasciatus, A. rogaa, C. oligosticta, E. areolatus, V. louti, P. areolatus, E. malabaricus, C. sexmaculata, E. summana, E. chlorostigma, E. polyphekadion, C. miniataus, A. leucogrammicus, E. tauvina, C. argus, C. hemistiktos. Pairwise distances showed a clear increase upon raising comparison level from among species to among-genera. Combined 12srRNA and COI genes sequencing resulted in an accurate tool for Egyptian Red Sea grouper species unambiguous discrimination. This can provide vital aid to the active efforts for these species conservation and fisheries management in Egypt and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Galal-Khallaf
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza El-Ganainy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Fisheries Division, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Farrag
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ezzat Mohammed-AbdAllah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohsen A Moustafa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Mohammed-Geba
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Osman AGM, AbouelFadl KY, Abd El Reheem AEBM, Mahmoud UM, Kloas W, Moustafa MA. Blood Biomarkers in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Evaluate Water Quality of the River Nile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21767/1307-234x.1000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hamed HS, Osman AGM. Modulatory effect of lycopene against carbofuran toxicity in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:1721-1731. [PMID: 28721486 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to a sublethal concentration of carbofuran (CF) to investigate its negative effects on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Also, the putative role of lycopene (LYC) administration in alleviating these negative effects was evaluated. Fish were divided into six groups in triplicates as follows: group I was without treatment, group II was orally administered corn oil, group III was orally administered 18 mg LYC/kg body weight, group IV was exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L, group V was orally administered 9 mg LYC/kg body weight and exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L, and group VI was orally administered 18 mg LYC/kg body weight and exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, blood and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were collected and biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers were analysed. Also, histopathological changes were determined. Carbofuran caused significant increments of glucose, cortisol, aspartic amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine; meanwhile, serum acetylcholinesterase, total protein, albumin, and total lipids were significantly reduced. Significant increments in hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and marked reduction in hepatic and renal catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were observed in CF-exposed fish comparing to the control group. Treatment with LYC attenuated the CF-induced oxidative stress, and this improvement was more pronounced in fish received the high LYC dose (18 mg/kg body weight). Further, congestion of the central vein with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, vacuolar necrosis, and haemorrhage was observed in the livers of CF-exposed fish. Oral administration of LYC reduced behavioural changes and histopathological alterations. All the altered biochemical parameters and antioxidant biomarkers were also restored to be near the normal levels. The obtained results evoked that LYC administration alleviated the destructive effects of carbofuran and reduced its toxicity effect on African catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt.
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Osman AGM, AbouelFadl KY, Krüger A, Kloas W. Screening of multiple hormonal activities in water and sediment from the river Nile, Egypt, using in vitro bioassay and gonadal histology. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:317. [PMID: 25937496 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Egypt, until yet no records are available regarding possible multiple hormonal activities in the aquatic systems and especially in the river Nile. In this paper, in vitro yeast estrogen screen (YES) and yeast androgen screen (YAS) were used to assess (for the first time) the multiple hormonal activities in surface waters and sediments of the river Nile. This study aimed to determine whether river Nile water can cause changes in gonadal histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus). All water samples exhibited extremely low levels of estrogenicity. Estrogenicity was nearly not detected in any of the sediment samples. Unlike the estrogenicity, significant androgenic activities were recorded in the water and sediment samples along the course of the river Nile. The present study reports for the first time quantification anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities with high levels in both water and sediment of the river Nile. The greatest anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were observed in samples from downstream river Nile. These results indicated that the anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities along the Nile course were great and the pollution of the sites at downstream was more serious than the upstream sites due to industrial and anthropogenic activities at these sites. Good correlations were observed among some hormonal activities, suggesting coexistence of these contaminants in the environmental matrices. There were no signs of sexual disruption in any of the gonads analyzed from either male or female Nile tilapia, demonstrating that no hormonal activity present along the Nile course was sufficient to induce adverse effects on reproductive development. Further investigation is necessary to identify the compounds responsible for the hormonal activities in the river Nile and to examine effects of very low levels of hormonally active compounds on gonadal histology, as well as in the development of more sensitive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524, Assiut, Egypt,
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Osman AGM. Biomarkers in Nile Tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus niloticus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) to Assess the Impacts of River Nile Pollution: Bioaccumulation, Biochemical and Tissues Biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.328112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Osman AGM, Koutb M, Sayed AEDH. Use of hematological parameters to assess the efficiency of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf extract in alleviation of the effect of ultraviolet--A radiation on African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). J Photochem Photobiol B 2010; 99:1-8. [PMID: 20206545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the negative impacts of UVA on some biochemical and hematological variables of the economically important African catfish, Clarias gariepinus and investigates the putative role of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf extract in protection and/or alleviation of such negative impacts. Changes in the hematological and blood biochemical values often reflect alteration of physiological state. Blood parameters can be useful for the measurement of physiological disturbances in stressed fish and thus provide information about the level of damage in the fish. We found a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit in the groups exposed to UVA compared to the control groups. Exposure to UVA induced marked red cell shrinkage (increased mean cell hemoglobin concentration) and showed an elevation in mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin in the blood of the exposed fish compared to the control. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in the total white blood cells was recorded in the exposed fish compared to the control. The biochemical parameters (blood glucose, total plasma protein, blood cholesterol, plasma creatinine, aspartic amino transferase and alanine amino transferase) exhibited a significant increase in the blood of fish exposed to UVA. Methanolic extract of quince leaf before ripening of the fruits was analyzed by GC/MS. To investigate the biological impact of this extract and its biologically active components, this extract was tested for its putative role in alleviation of UVA effect on catfish. Quince leaf extract had the ability to prevent hematotoxic stress induced by UVA and resulted in enhancement of the immune system of catfish represented by significant (P<0.05) increase in the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes of the catfish. Quince extract also protected the red blood cells from UVA damage. To our knowledge this is the first report of the effect of quince leaf extract on an aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa G M Osman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524 Assiut, Egypt.
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Osman AGM, Reheem AE–BMAE, AbuelFadl KY, Rab AGG. Enzymatic and histopathologic biomarkers as indicators of aquatic pollution in fishes. NS 2010; 02:1302-1311. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.211158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Osman AGM, Kloas W. Water Quality and Heavy Metal Monitoring in Water, Sediments, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2010.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Osman AGM, Mekkawy IA, Verreth J, Wuertz S, Kloas W, Kirschbaum F. Monitoring of DNA breakage in embryonic stages of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) after exposure to lead nitrate using alkaline comet assay. Environ Toxicol 2008; 23:679-687. [PMID: 18247419 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing lead contamination in Egyptian ecosystems and high lead concentrations in food items have raised concern for human health and stimulated studies on monitoring ecotoxicological impact of lead-caused genotoxicity. In this work, the alkaline comet assay was modified for monitoring DNA strand breakage in sensitive early life stages of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Following exposure to 100, 300, and 500 microg/L lead nitrate, DNA strand breakage was quantified in embryos at 30, 48, 96, 144, and 168 h post-fertilization (PFS). For quantitative analysis, four commonly used parameters (tail % DNA, %TDNA; head % DNA, %HDNA; tail length, TL; tail moment, TM) were analyzed in 96 nuclei (in triplicates) at each sampling point. The parameter %TDNA revealed highest resolution and lowest variation. A strong correlation between lead concentration, time of exposure, and DNA strand breakage was observed. Here, genotoxicity detected by comet assay preceded the manifested malformations assessed with conventional histology. Qualitative evaluation was carried out using five categories are as follows: undamaged (%TDNA < or = 10%), low damaged (10% < %TDNA < or = 25%), median damaged (25 < %TDNA < or = 50%), highly damaged (50 < %TDNA < or = 75%), and extremely damaged (%TDNA > 75%) nuclei confirming a dose and time-dependent shift towards increased frequencies of highly and extremely damaged nuclei. A protective capacity provided by a hardened chorion is a an interesting finding in this study as DNA damage in the prehatching stages 30 h-PFS and 48 h-PFS was low in all treatments (qualitative and quantitative analyses). These results clearly show that the comet assay is a sensitive tool for the detection of genotoxicity in vulnerable early life stages of the African catfish and is a method more sensitive than histological parameters for monitoring genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut 71524, Egypt.
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Osman AGM, Wuertz S, Mekkawy IA, Exner HJ, Kirschbaum F. Lead induced malformations in embryos of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Environ Toxicol 2007; 22:375-89. [PMID: 17607729 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lead exposure (100, 300, and 500 microg/L lead nitrate) on embryos of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus were examined by gross morphology and histopathology. Exposition to lead nitrate caused a progressively longer delay in hatching and also reduced the percentage of embryos, which successfully completely hatch from 75% in the control group to 40% in the group exposed to 500 microg/L lead. Categories of gross morphological abnormalities comprised four major ones (irregular head shape, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and notochordal defect) and two minor deformations (finfold defect and reduction of pigmentation). The frequencies of recorded morphological malformations increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing lead concentration in all stages. Four histopathological categories comprising notochordal defect, gill malformation, eye malformation, and detached skin were recorded. All these malformations were recorded only in the embryos exposed to 300 and 500 microg/L lead. The degrees of histological lesions increased with increasing lead concentration and with length of exposure time. Mean concentrations of lead in the whole embryos were measured and the lowest concentrations of lead were recorded in the control groups (0.3-1.0 microg/g wet wt). Accumulated lead increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dose in all stages. Accumulation of lead in the chorion suggests that the chorion acts as an effective barrier protecting the embryo. Low impact of lead on prehatching stages may be related to both the protective capacity of the chorion and the ability of the perivitelline fluid to concentrate lead. The present results show that (i) lead toxicity was dosage dependent and become evident in gross morphological malformations, followed by histopathological changes, and (ii) early life stages of the African catfish C. gariepinus are a very sensitive bioassay for aquatic lead pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
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