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Damasceno AR, Garcia S, Aleixo IF, Menezes JCG, Pereira IS, De Kauwe MG, Ferrer VR, Fleischer K, Grams TEE, Guedes AV, Hartley IP, Kruijt B, Lugli LF, Martins NP, Norby RJ, Pires-Santos JS, Portela BTT, Rammig A, de Oliveira LR, Santana FD, Santos YR, de Souza CCS, Ushida G, Lapola DM, Quesada CAN, Domingues TF. In situ short-term responses of Amazonian understory plants to elevated CO 2. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1865-1876. [PMID: 38334166 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The response of plants to increasing atmospheric CO2 depends on the ecological context where the plants are found. Several experiments with elevated CO2 (eCO2) have been done worldwide, but the Amazonian forest understory has been neglected. As the central Amazon is limited by light and phosphorus, understanding how understory responds to eCO2 is important for foreseeing how the forest will function in the future. In the understory of a natural forest in the Central Amazon, we installed four open-top chambers as control replicates and another four under eCO2 (+250 ppm above ambient levels). Under eCO2, we observed increases in carbon assimilation rate (67%), maximum electron transport rate (19%), quantum yield (56%), and water use efficiency (78%). We also detected an increase in leaf area (51%) and stem diameter increment (65%). Central Amazon understory responded positively to eCO2 by increasing their ability to capture and use light and the extra primary productivity was allocated to supporting more leaf and conducting tissues. The increment in leaf area while maintaining transpiration rates suggests that the understory will increase its contribution to evapotranspiration. Therefore, this forest might be less resistant in the future to extreme drought, as no reduction in transpiration rates were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rayane Damasceno
- Ecology Graduate Program, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Izabela Fonseca Aleixo
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Iokanam Sales Pereira
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Rodrigues Ferrer
- Ecology Graduate Program, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Thorsten E E Grams
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Alacimar V Guedes
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Iain Paul Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University, Water Systems and Global Change, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nathielly Pires Martins
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Richard J Norby
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | - Bruno Takeshi Tanaka Portela
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Anja Rammig
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Delgado Santana
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Yago Rodrigues Santos
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Ushida
- Ecology Graduate Program, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - David Montenegro Lapola
- Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Nobre Quesada
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CODAM), National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Tomas Ferreira Domingues
- Faculdde de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Menezes J, Garcia S, Grandis A, Nascimento H, Domingues TF, Guedes AV, Aleixo I, Camargo P, Campos J, Damasceno A, Dias-Silva R, Fleischer K, Kruijt B, Cordeiro AL, Martins NP, Meir P, Norby RJ, Pereira I, Portela B, Rammig A, Ribeiro AG, Lapola DM, Quesada CA. Changes in leaf functional traits with leaf age: when do leaves decrease their photosynthetic capacity in Amazonian trees? Tree Physiol 2022; 42:922-938. [PMID: 33907798 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most leaf functional trait studies in the Amazon basin do not consider ontogenetic variations (leaf age), which may influence ecosystem productivity throughout the year. When leaf age is taken into account, it is generally considered discontinuous, and leaves are classified into age categories based on qualitative observations. Here, we quantified age-dependent changes in leaf functional traits such as the maximum carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (Vcmax), stomatal control (Cgs%), leaf dry mass per area and leaf macronutrient concentrations for nine naturally growing Amazon tropical trees with variable phenological strategies. Leaf ages were assessed by monthly censuses of branch-level leaf demography; we also performed leaf trait measurements accounting for leaf chronological age based on days elapsed since the first inclusion in the leaf demography, not predetermined age classes. At the tree community scale, a nonlinear relationship between Vcmax and leaf age existed: young, developing leaves showed the lowest mean photosynthetic capacity, increasing to a maximum at 45 days and then decreasing gradually with age in both continuous and categorical age group analyses. Maturation times among species and phenological habits differed substantially, from 8 ± 30 to 238 ± 30 days, and the rate of decline of Vcmax varied from -0.003 to -0.065 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 day-1. Stomatal control increased significantly in young leaves but remained constant after peaking. Mass-based phosphorus and potassium concentrations displayed negative relationships with leaf age, whereas nitrogen did not vary temporally. Differences in life strategies, leaf nutrient concentrations and phenological types, not the leaf age effect alone, may thus be important factors for understanding observed photosynthesis seasonality in Amazonian forests. Furthermore, assigning leaf age categories in diverse tree communities may not be the recommended method for studying carbon uptake seasonality in the Amazon, since the relationship between Vcmax and leaf age could not be confirmed for all trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Menezes
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- Laboratory of Biogeochemical Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology of Plants (Lafieco), Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nascimento
- Biodiversity Coordination (CBIO), National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Department of Biology-FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Alacimar V Guedes
- Forestry and Environmental Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCIFA), Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Izabela Aleixo
- Laboratory of Biogeochemical Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Plínio Camargo
- Isotopic Ecology Laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Campos
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Damasceno
- Ecology Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Renann Dias-Silva
- Zoology Graduate Program, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA PO Box 47 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Amanda L Cordeiro
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1476
| | - Nathielly P Martins
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Iokanam Pereira
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Portela
- Laboratory of Biogeochemical Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Anja Rammig
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Ana Gracy Ribeiro
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - David M Lapola
- Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture (CEPAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CDAM), National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
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