1
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Edo-Alcón N, Gallardo A, Colomer-Mendoza F, Lobo A. Efficiency of biological and mechanical-biological treatment plants for MSW: The case of Spain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26353. [PMID: 38404851 PMCID: PMC10884472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological and mechanical biological treatment plants combine mechanical and biological treatments to recover the greatest possible amount of materials from municipal solid waste (MSW) and biostabilize the organic fraction to be landfilled or applied in land. These plants handle a high percentage of the MSW generated in Europe. This work presents an exhaustive analysis of the existing plants in Spain which evaluates their typology as well as their performance. In Spain, 137 plants, which receive 13 Mt/year of waste, provide the country with total coverage. Twenty-two types of plants have been identified and grouped into six categories. There are four categories that receive mixed MSW: 1) sorting plants; 2) recovery and composting plants; 3) biodrying and recovery plants; and 4) recovery, biomethanation and composting plants and two that receive separately collected biowaste: 5) composting plants, and 6) biomethanation and composting plants. In plants that receive mixed waste, around 5% of the total input is recovered as recyclable materials (662,182 t/year), of which 29% corresponds to plastics, 27% to metals, and 27% to paper and cardboard. In addition, biostabilized material and/or biogas, and rejects (45-77% of the input) are obtained. In the biowaste plants, high-quality compost (more than 105,000 t/year), a higher biogas yield (43.60 Nm3/t·year) and a lower proportion of rejects (around 29%) are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Edo-Alcón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - A. Gallardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - F.J. Colomer-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - A. Lobo
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
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2
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Mallada B, Ondráček M, Lamanec M, Gallardo A, Jiménez-Martín A, de la Torre B, Hobza P, Jelínek P. Visualization of π-hole in molecules by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4954. [PMID: 37587123 PMCID: PMC10432393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Submolecular charge distribution significantly affects the physical-chemical properties of molecules and their mutual interaction. One example is the presence of a π-electron-deficient cavity in halogen-substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the so-called π-holes, the existence of which was predicted theoretically, but the direct experimental observation is still missing. Here we present the resolution of the π-hole on a single molecule using the Kelvin probe force microscopy, which supports the theoretical prediction of its existence. In addition, experimental measurements supported by theoretical calculations show the importance of π-holes in the process of adsorption of molecules on solid-state surfaces. This study expands our understanding of the π-hole systems and, at the same time, opens up possibilities for studying the influence of submolecular charge distribution on the chemical properties of molecules and their mutual interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mallada
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Ondráček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Lamanec
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - A Gallardo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Jiménez-Martín
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - B de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - P Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic.
- IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - P Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Gallart-Mateu D, Gallardo A, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. A green methodology for the determination of cocaine in camouflaged samples. Anal Methods 2023; 15:1969-1978. [PMID: 37051732 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A methodology based on the ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol and the dry film attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DF-ATR-FTIR) measurement of extracts has been developed for a fast evaluation of non-conventional ("exotic") solid-sized cocaine samples. The method provides quantitative results in less than three minutes with a limit of detection in the solid sample of 1.6 μg g-1 of cocaine with a variation coefficient lower than 7%. Results found for seized samples of different natures were compared with those obtained by a reference gas chromatography method and the greenness of the whole proposed procedure was evaluated and compared using the analytical eco-scale, green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and analytical greenness metric (AGREE). The green evaluation of the proposed methodology provided green scores by considering different evaluation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallart-Mateu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Gallardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Garrigues
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Campos MJ, Gallardo A, Quesada A. Optimized Design of Degenerate Primers for PCR Based on DNA or Protein Sequence Comparisons. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2967:239-251. [PMID: 37608116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3358-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PCR with degenerate primers can be used to identify the coding sequence of an unknown protein or to detect a genetic variant within a gene family. These primers, which are complex mixtures of slightly different oligonucleotide sequences, can be optimized to increase the efficiency and/or specificity of PCR in the amplification of a sequence of interest by the introduction of mismatches with the target sequence and balancing their position toward the primers 5'- or 3'-ends. In this work, we explain in detail examples of rational design of primers in three different applications, including the use of specific determinants at the 3'-end, to (i) improve PCR efficiency with related sequences for members of a protein family by complete degeneration at a core box of conserved genetic information at the 3'-end with the reduction of degeneration at the 5'-end, (ii) optimize specificity of allelic discrimination of closely related DNA sequences of orthologous by 5'-end fully degenerate primers, and (iii) increase the PCR efficiency of primers by targeting DNA sequences belonging to specific phylogenetic groups, within a large and diverse gene family, allowing the use of multiplex/degenerate PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jorge Campos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Gallardo A, Morcuende D, Rodríguez-Romero M, Igeño MI, Pulido F, Quesada A. The D165H Polymorphism of QiMYB-like-1 Is Linked to Interactions between Tannin Accumulation, Herbivory and Biogeographical Determinants of Quercus ilex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010151. [PMID: 36613593 PMCID: PMC9820640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation in the leaves and young stems of phenolic compounds, such as hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, constitutes a defense mechanism of plants against herbivores. Among other stressing factors, chronic herbivory endangers Quercus ilex, a tree playing a central role in Mediterranean forests. This work addressed the connections between the chemical defenses of Q. ilex leaves and their susceptibility to herbivory, quantitative traits whose relationships are modulated by environmental and genetic factors that could be useful as molecular markers for the selection of plants with improved fitness. A search for natural variants detected the polymorphism D165H in the effector domain of QiMYB-like-1, a TT2-like transcription factor whose family includes members that control the late steps of condensed tannins biosynthesis in different plant species. QiMYB-like-1 D165H polymorphism was screened by PCR-RFLP in trees from six national parks in Spain where Q. ilex has a relevant presence, revealing that, unlike most regions that match the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, homozygous plants are over-represented in "Monfragüe" and "Cabañeros", among the best examples to represent the continental Mediterranean (cM) ecosystem. Accordingly, the averages of two stress-related quantitative traits measured in leaves, herbivory index and accumulation of condensed tannins, showed asymmetric distributions depending on the clustering of trees based on ecological and genetic factors. Thus, the impact of herbivory was greater in managed forests with a low density of trees from the cM region, among which QiMYB-like-1 D165 homozygotes stand out, whereas condensed tannins accumulation was higher in leaves of QiMYB-like-1 H165 homozygotes from low-density forests, mainly in the Pyrenean (Py) region. Besides, the correlation between the contents of condensed tannins and total tannins vanished after clustering by the same factors: the cM region singularity, forest tree density, and QiMYB-like-1 genotype, among which homozygous shared the lowest link. The biogeographical and genetic constraints that modulate the contribution of condensed tannins to chemical defenses also mediated their interactions with the herbivory index, which was found positively correlated with total phenolics or tannins, suggesting an induction signal by this biotic stress. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed with condensed tannins after tree clustering by genetics factors where associations between tannins were lost. Therefore, condensed tannins might protect Q. ilex from defoliation in parks belonging to the cM ecosystem and carrying genetic factor(s) linked to the QiMYB-like-1 D165H polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Morcuende
- IPROCAR Research Institute, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuela Rodríguez-Romero
- Indehesa Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
- Dirección General de Política Forestal, Junta de Extremadura, Avenida Luis Ramallo, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - María Isabel Igeño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- IPROCAR Research Institute, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando Pulido
- Indehesa Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- InBio G+C Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Avenida De La Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Gallardo A, Zamarrón-López E, Deloya-Tomas E, Pérez-Nieto OR. Advantages and limitations of the ROX index. Pulmonology 2022; 28:320-321. [PMID: 35339420 PMCID: PMC8942576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón, Departamento de Kinesiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - E Zamarrón-López
- Hospital General Regional IMSS No. 6, Ciudad Madero, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Tamaulipas, México
| | - E Deloya-Tomas
- Hospital General San Juan del Río. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
| | - O R Pérez-Nieto
- Hospital General San Juan del Río. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
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7
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Miguela-Villoldo P, Moreno MA, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Gallardo A, Hernández M, Serrano T, Sáez JL, de Frutos C, Agüero M, Quesada A, Domínguez L, Ugarte-Ruiz M. Longitudinal study of the mcr-1 gene prevalence in Spanish food-producing pigs from 1998 to 2021 and its relationship with the use of polymyxins. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35300732 PMCID: PMC8932235 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to colistin was an uncommon phenomenon traditionally linked to chromosome point mutations, but since the first description of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance in late 2015, transmissible resistance to colistin has become a Public Health concern. Despite colistin is considered as a human last resort antibiotic, it has been commonly used in swine industry to treat post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. However, the progressively increase of colistin resistance during the last decade led to the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency (AEMPS) to launch a strategic and voluntary plan aimed to reduce colistin consumption in pig production. Our longitudinal study (1998–2021) aimed to evaluate the trend of colistin resistance mediated through the mcr-1 mobile gene in Spanish food-producing pig population and compare it with published polymyxin sales data in veterinary medicine to assess their possible relationships. Results The first mcr-1 positive sample was observed in 2004, as all samples from 1998 and 2002 were mcr-1 PCR-negative. We observed a progressive increase of positive samples from 2004 to 2015, when mcr-1 detection reached its maximum peak (33/50; 66%). From 2017 (27/50; 54%) to 2021 (14/81; 17%) the trend became downward, reaching percentages significantly lower than the 2015 peak (p < 0.001). The abundance of mcr-1 gene in PCR-positive samples showed a similar trend reaching the highest levels in 2015 (median: 6.6 × 104mcr-1 copies/mg of faeces), but decreased significantly from 2017 to 2019 (median 2.7 × 104, 1.2 × 103, 4.6 × 102mcr-1 copies/mg of faeces for 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively), and stabilizing in 2021 (1.6 × 102mcr-1 copies/mg of faeces) with similar values than 2019. Conclusions Our study showed the decreasing trend of colistin resistance associated to mcr-1 gene, after a previous increase from among 2004–2015, since the European Medicines Agency and AEMPS strategies were applied in 2016 to reduce colistin use in animals, suggesting a connection between polymyxin use and colistin resistance. Thus, these plans could have been effective in mcr-1 reduction, reaching lower levels than those detected in samples collected 17 years ago, when resistance to colistin was not yet a major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguela-Villoldo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - José L Sáez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.,INBIO G+C, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Zapata J, Gallardo A, Romero C, Valenzuela R, Garcia-Diaz DF, Duarte L, Bustamante A, Gasaly N, Gotteland M, Echeverria F. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102388. [PMID: 34995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects. This process is regulated by the gut microbiota as well. Nevertheless, obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which can be restored by weight loss and n-3 PUFA intake, among other factors. Knowledge gap: However, the role of the gut microbiota on the n-3 PUFA effect in inducing thermogenesis in obesity has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate the potential implications of this interrelation on WAT browning adiposw sittue (BAT), BAT activity, and EE regulation in obesity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zapata
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Gallardo
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Romero
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - D F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; ICBM: Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - M Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Carrera de Nutricion y Dietetica, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Valle Campanón M, Moreno EM, Gallardo A, Ávila CA, Moreno V, Laffond E, Gracia-Bara MT, Muñoz-Bellido FJ, Martín C, Macías EM, Sobrino M, de Arriba S, Castillo R, Dávila I. Sensitization phenotypes in immediate hypersensitivity to cephalosporins: A cluster analysis study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022; 32:479-481. [DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Bejarano M, Ramos C, Rosas E, Madera C, Rascón R, Balderas C, Cabrera Á, Rocha U, Fuchs V, Sánchez A, Bermeo E, Guzmán R, Álvarez K, Gallardo A, Hernández E, Sierra M, Acosta G. Risk factors and mortality rate in Covid-19 critically ill patients in Mexico. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [PMCID: PMC8629548 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Mallada B, Gallardo A, Lamanec M, de la Torre B, Špirko V, Hobza P, Jelinek P. Real-space imaging of anisotropic charge of σ-hole by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy. Science 2021; 374:863-867. [PMID: 34762455 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Gallardo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Lamanec
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Špirko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - P Jelinek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Gallardo A, Gracia Bara MT, Moreno EM, Laffond E, Muñoz Bellido FJ, Martin C, Sobrino M, Dávila I. Delayed Reaction to Gadobutrol in a Nurse With Myocarditis After SARS-Cov-2 Infection. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; 31:358-359. [PMID: 33970106 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M T Gracia Bara
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - E M Moreno
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Laffond
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - F J Muñoz Bellido
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Martin
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Sobrino
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - I Dávila
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Miguela-Villoldo P, Moreno MA, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Gallardo A, Borge C, Quesada A, Domínguez L, Ugarte-Ruiz M. Complementarity of Selective Culture and qPCR for Colistin Resistance Screening in Fresh and Frozen Pig Cecum Samples. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572712. [PMID: 33240230 PMCID: PMC7680854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrospective studies involving the screening of frozen stored collections of samples are commonplace when a new threat emerges, but it has been demonstrated that the freeze-thaw process can affect bacterial viability. The study of colistin-resistant bacteria in human and animal samples is an example of this issue. In this study, we compared culture-based and PCR-based methods for analyzing relative occurrence and diversity of colistin-resistant bacteria in caecal samples to determine the most appropriate method for frozen samples. Thus, 272 samples from the caecal contents of healthy pigs were tested before and after a 6-month freezing period. A selective medium was used when traditional isolation of colistin-resistant bacteria was tested, while a real-time SYBR® Green I PCR assay was applied for mcr-1 quantification. The number of samples with colistin-resistant isolates was higher in fresh samples (247/272) than in frozen ones (67/272) and showed a higher diversity of colistin-resistant genera. PCR identification of mcr colistin resistance genes evidenced that mcr-1 was the most prevalent mcr gene and mcr-2 was detected for the first time in pigs from Spanish animal production. The number of samples with mcr-1-carrying bacteria after a freezing period decreased, while real-time quantitation of the mcr-1 gene showed similar values in frozen and fresh samples. Therefore, when frozen cecal samples need to be analyzed, molecular detection of DNA could be the best option to provide a highly representative frame of the initial population present in the sample, and culture-based methods might be a useful complement to study colistin resistance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguela-Villoldo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carmen Borge
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,INBIO G+C, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Gaete-Carrasco A, Rosenfeld C, Gallardo A. Análisis epidemiológico del programa de vigilancia activa de Piscirickettsia salmonis del Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile. REV SCI TECH OIE 2020; 38:823-849. [PMID: 32286564 DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.3.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, a disease that causes significant economic losses in salmonid sea farms in Chile. The objective of this study was to determine and describe the geographical distribution, seasonality and time period when P. salmonis was first detected in farms studied under the active surveillance programme for piscirickettsiosis of the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service of Chile (SERNAPESCA), which was conducted from January 2013 to March 2017. A 0.28% prevalence of piscirickettsiosis was determined in freshwater fish and one of 58.1% in sea farms. The prevalence of P. salmonis was 61.1% in the Aysén region, 59.8% in the Los Lagos region, 5.1% in the Los Ríos region and 3.0% in the Magallanes region. In Los Lagos and Aysén, eight clusters of sea farms were identified, in space and time, as having a positive diagnosis of P. salmonis, whereas, in Magallanes, none was identified, confirming the absence of horizontal transmission or spread of the agent in this geographical area. A seasonal variation was found in the monthly prevalence of P. salmonis, with increases in Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss in summer and autumn, and in Oncorhynchus kisutch in winter, spring and summer. It was determined that the average time required to detect the agent after fish had been transferred to the sea was 105 days (minimum, 7 days; maximum, 351 days), and no differences were found either between regions or species. Thus the results obtained from the active surveillance programme have helped to increase knowledge of the epidemiology of P. salmonis.
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Gallardo A, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Hernández M, Miguela-Villoldo P, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Domínguez L, Quesada A. Involvement of hpap2 and dgkA Genes in Colistin Resistance Mediated by mcr Determinants. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090531. [PMID: 32842668 PMCID: PMC7559476 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr) determinants are challenging the efficacy of polymyxins against Gram-negative pathogens. Among 10 mcr genes described so far, the major determinants mcr-1 and mcr-3 are found closely linked to hpap2 or dgkA genes, encoding a hypothetical phosphatidic acid phosphatase of type 2 (PAP2) and a diacylglycerol kinase, respectively, whose functions are still unknown. In this study, mcr-1, mcr-1–hpap2, mcr-3, and mcr-3–dgkA were expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant strains were analyzed to detect antimicrobial susceptibility and changes in the expression of genes involved in phospholipid metabolism. The mcr-1 or mcr-3 single genes were enough to drive growth on colistin selective media, although co-expression of linked genes conferred maximal antibiotic resistance. Expression of mcr determinants downregulated endogenous genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification or phospholipid recycling, although to different extents of repression: strong for arnB, ybjG, and pmrR; medium for eptA, lpxT, and dgkA; small for bacA and pgpB. Four of these genes (bacA, lpxT, pgpB, and ybjG) encode undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (UPP) phosphatases. In these conditions, cells presented resistance against bacitracin, an antibiotic that sequesters UPP from PAP2 enzymes. The hpap2 and dgkA genes might play a role in colistin resistance by compensating for phospholipid metabolism functions altered during LPS modification by colistin resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.-R.); (P.M.-V.); (L.D.)
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, 47071 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Pedro Miguela-Villoldo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.-R.); (P.M.-V.); (L.D.)
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Unidad de Microbiología, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.-R.); (P.M.-V.); (L.D.)
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- INBIO G + C, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927251334
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Mallol J, Riquelme C, Aguirre V, Martínez M, Gallardo A, Sánchez C, Córdova P. Value of bronchial reversibility to salbutamol, exhaled nitric oxide and responsiveness to methacholine to corroborate the diagnosis of asthma in children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:214-222. [PMID: 32046866 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Functional and inflammatory measures have been recommended to corroborate asthma diagnosis in schoolchildren, but the evidence in this regard is conflicting. We aimed to determine, in real-life clinical situation, the value of spirometry, spirometric bronchial reversibility to salbutamol (BDR), bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCT) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), to corroborate the diagnosis of asthma in children on regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) referred from primary care. METHODS One hundred and seventy-seven schoolchildren with mild-moderate persistent asthma, on treatment with regular ICS, participated in the study. Abnormal tests were defined as FENO ≥ 27 ppb, BDR (FEV1 ≥ 12%) and methacholine PC20 ≤ 4 mg/mL. RESULTS The proportions of positive BDR, FENO and MCT, were 16.4%, 33.3%, and 87.0%, respectively. MCT was associated with FENO (p < 0.03) and BDR (p = 0.001); FENO was associated with BDR (p = 0.045), family history of asthma (p = 0.003) and use of asthma medication in the first two years of life (p = 0.004). BDR was significantly related with passive tobacco exposure (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Spirometry, BDR and BDR had a poor performance for corroborating diagnosis in our asthmatic children on ICS treatment; on the contrary, MCT was positive in most of them, which agrees with previous reports. Although asthma tests are useful to corroborate asthma when positive, clinical diagnosis remains the best current approach for asthma diagnosis, at least while better objective and feasible measurements at the daily practice are available. At present, these tests may have a better role for assessing the management and progression of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mallol
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Carlos Riquelme
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Viviana Aguirre
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Alejandro Gallardo
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
| | - Pablo Córdova
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital CRS El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
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Jaqueti P, García MI, Campanón-Toro MV, Sobrino M, Gallardo A, Dávila I. Cheilitis Associated With Sensitization to Penicillium notatum in a Clarinetist. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020; 30:292-293. [PMID: 32101170 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Jaqueti
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M I García
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca and Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - M Sobrino
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Gallardo
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - I Dávila
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca and Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca University School of Medicine, Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Gallardo A, Morcuende D, Solla A, Moreno G, Pulido F, Quesada A. Regulation by biotic stress of tannins biosynthesis in Quercus ilex: Crosstalk between defoliation and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection. Physiol Plant 2019; 165:319-329. [PMID: 30294855 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability of the Mediterranean forest is threatened by oak decline, a disease of holm oak and other Quercus species that is initiated by infection with the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. Focusing on the role of tannins in the chemical defense of plants, this work investigated whether tannins content in Quercus ilex is regulated by biotic stress. Screening of published genomes allowed the identification of Quercus sequences encoding enzymes for early steps of the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, like hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins (CT) among others, plus genes involved in the late steps of CT biosynthesis. Four days after treatment of Q. ilex seedlings by mechanical defoliation, P. cinnamomi infection and both stressors simultaneously, mRNA concentrations for tannins biosynthesis enzymes were measured in leaves. Among the transcript amount for shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.25), anthocyanidin reductase (EC 1.3.1.77), anthocyanidin synthase (EC 1.14.11.19) and leucoanthocyanidine reductase (EC 1.17.1.3), defoliation induced gene expression for SDH2 isoenzyme. About 4 days after infection of roots by P. cinnamomi, this up-regulation was canceled and SDH enzyme activity decreased. Furthermore, during this late stage of biotrophic interaction the pathogen switched off the correlation engaged by defoliation between the expression of SDH1 and SDH2 encoding genes and chemical defenses corresponding to total tannins, which were down-regulated. Thus, tannins biosynthesis in seedlings of Q. ilex is induced after mechanical defoliation whereas infection by the pathogen interferes with this regulation, potentially increasing the susceptibility of plants to herbivory and aggravating the impact of biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Morcuende
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Solla
- Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Pulido
- Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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del Carpio L, Gomila P, Camacho S, Moron S, Riudavets M, Molto C, Bujosa A, Borrell M, Teres R, Martin B, Gallardo P, Acosta E, Tilea L, Soto A, De Quintana C, Craven-Bartle J, Gallardo A, Gomez B, Bonilla S, Gallego O. Impaired survival in resected glioblastoma multiforme patients treated with early chemoradiation. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy273.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - D Neal
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - T Palmieri
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - D G Greehalgh
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - S S Sen
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
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21
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Hernández M, Iglesias MR, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Gallardo A, Quijada N, Miguela-Villoldo P, Campos MJ, Píriz S, López-Orozco G, de Frutos C, Sáez JL, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Domínguez L, Quesada A. Co-occurrence of colistin-resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-3 among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cattle, Spain, September 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:30586. [PMID: 28797328 PMCID: PMC5553059 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.31.30586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-1 have been detected in an Escherichia coli isolate from cattle faeces in a Spanish slaughterhouse in 2015. The sequences of both genes hybridised to same plasmid band of ca 250 kb, although colistin resistance was non-mobilisable. The isolate was producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and belonged to serotype O9:H10 and sequence type ST533. Here we report an mcr-3 gene detected in Europe following earlier reports from Asia and the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain.,Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal, Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Palencia, Spain.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - M Rocío Iglesias
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.,Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Narciso Quijada
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jorge Campos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Segundo Píriz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gema López-Orozco
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina de Frutos
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Algete, Spain
| | - José Luis Sáez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,INBIO G+C, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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22
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Gallardo A, Carlos M, Colomer FJ, Edo-Alcón N. Analysis of the waste selective collection at drop-off systems: Case study including the income level and the seasonal variation. Waste Manag Res 2018; 36:30-38. [PMID: 29076776 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17733539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There are several factors which have an influence in the selective collection of the municipal waste. To define a selective collection system, the waste generation pattern should be firstly determined and these factors should be analyzed in depth. This paper tries to analyze the economic income level and the seasonal variation on the collection and the purity of light-packaging waste to determine actions to improve the waste management plan of a town. In the first stage of the work, waste samples of the light-packaging containers were collected in two zones of the town with different economic characteristics in different seasons during one year. In the second stage, the samples were characterized to analyze the composition and purity of the waste. They were firstly separated into four fractions: metals; plastic; beverage cartons; and misplaced materials. The misplaced fraction was in its turn separated into cardboard, rubber and leather, inert waste, organic matter, paper, hazardous waste, clothes and shoes, glass and others. The plastic fraction was separated into five types of plastics and the metal fraction into three. In the third stage, the data have been analyzed and conclusions have been extracted. The main result is that the quality of the light-packaging fraction collected in these zones during both seasons were similar. This methodology can be extrapolated to towns with similar characteristics. It will be useful when implementing a system to collect the waste selectively and to develop actions to achieve a good participation in the selective collection of the waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
| | - M Carlos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
| | - F J Colomer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
| | - N Edo-Alcón
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
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23
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Gallardo A, Edo-Alcón N, Carlos M, Renau M. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste Manag 2016; 53:3-11. [PMID: 27107706 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When many people work in organized institutions or enterprises, those institutions or enterprises become big meeting places that also have energy, water and resources necessities. One of these necessities is the correct management of the waste that is daily produced by these communities. Universities are a good example of institution where every day a great amount of people go to work or to study. But independently of their task, they use the different services at the University such as cafeterias, canteens, and photocopy and as a result of their activity a cleaning service is also needed. All these activities generate an environmental impact. Nowadays, many Universities have accepted the challenge to minimize this impact applying several measures. One of the impacts to be reduced is the waste generation. The first step to implement measures to implement a waste management plan at a University is to know the composition, the amount and the distribution of the waste generated in its facilities. As the waste composition and generation depend among other things on the climate, these variables should be analysed over one year. This research work estimates the waste generation and composition of a Spanish University, the Universitat Jaume I, during a school year. To achieve this challenge, all the waste streams generated at the University have been identified and quantified emphasizing on those which are not controlled. Furthermore, several statistical analyses have been carried out to know if the season of the year or the day of the week affect waste generation and composition. All this information will allow the University authorities to propose a set of minimization measures to enhance the current management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - N Edo-Alcón
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Carlos
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Renau
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Gustafson L, Remmenga M, Sandoval Del Valle O, Ibarra R, Antognoli M, Gallardo A, Rosenfeld C, Doddis J, Enriquez Sais R, Bell E, Lara Fica M. Area contact networks and the spatio-temporal spread of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in Chile. Prev Vet Med 2016; 125:135-46. [PMID: 26774449 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Area management, the coordination of production and biosecurity practices across neighboring farms, is an important disease control strategy in aquaculture. Area management in aquaculture escalated in prominence in response to outbreaks of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) internationally. Successes in disease control have been attributed to the separation achieved through area-level synchronized stocking, fallowing, movement restrictions, and fomite or pest control. Area management, however, is costly; often demanding extra biosecurity, lengthy or inconveniently timed fallows, and localization of equipment, personnel, and services. Yet, this higher-order organizational structure has received limited epidemiologic attention. Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service instigated area management practices in response to the 2007 emergence of ISA virus (ISAV). Longitudinal data simultaneously collected allowed retrospective evaluation of the impact of component tenets on virus control. Spatiotemporal analyses identified hydrographic linkages, shared ports, and fish transfers from areas with recent occurrence of ISAV as the strongest predictors of virus spread between areas, though specifics varied by ISAV type (here categorized as HPR0 for the non-virulent genotypes, and HPRv otherwise). Hydrographic linkages were most predictive in the period before implementation of enhanced biosecurity and fallowing regulations, suggesting that viral load can impact spread dynamics. HPR0 arose late in the study period, so few HPRv events were available by which to explore the hypothesis of HPR0 as progenitor of outbreaks. However, spatiotemporal patterns in HPRv occurrence were predictive of subsequent patterns in HPR0 detection, suggesting a parallel, or dependent, means of spread. Better data precision, breadth and consistency, common challenges for retrospective studies, could improve model fit; and, for HPR0, specification of diagnostic test accuracy would improve interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gustafson
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States.
| | - M Remmenga
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States
| | - O Sandoval Del Valle
- Sernapesca, Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - R Ibarra
- SalmonChile, Department of Fish Health, Instituto Tecnologico del Salmon, Av. Juan Soler Manfredini 41, OF 1802 Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Antognoli
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States
| | - A Gallardo
- Sernapesca, Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - C Rosenfeld
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J Doddis
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R Enriquez Sais
- Lab de Biotecnologia y Patologia Acuatica Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - E Bell
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South, Denver, CO 80246, United States
| | - M Lara Fica
- Sernapesca, Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile
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Mallol J, Aguirre V, Córdova P, Cortez E, Gallardo A, Riquelme C. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy Chilean schoolchildren aged 8-15 years. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:528-32. [PMID: 25456527 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measured using portable devices is increasingly used in the clinical setting to assess asthmatic children. However, there is little and variable information on the reference values obtained using these devices in healthy children from different populations. METHODS 190 healthy non-smoker children (8-15 years old) were randomly selected from public schools participating in this study. The objective was to determine FENO reference values for healthy Chilean schoolchildren. Healthy individuals were identified by medical interview and parent questionnaire on the use of asthma medications, and current and past symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. FENO was measured at schools using a portable device with electrochemical sensor (NIO MINOX). Reference values of FENO were expressed as geometric mean and upper limit of the 95% reference interval (right-sided). The relationship of FENO with gender, age, height, body mass, and other factors was assessed by multiple regression, and the difference between groups was contrasted by ANOVA. RESULTS The FENO geometric mean was 15.4ppb with a 95% reference interval upper limit (right-sided), of 27.4ppb (90%CI 25.6-29.2). The 5th and 95th percentiles were 9.0ppb and 28.0ppb, respectively. Height was the only factor significantly associated to FENO (p=0.022). There was no significant difference in mean FENO regarding age, gender, weight, parent reported rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. CONCLUSION This study suggests that FENO values higher than 27ppb are likely to be abnormal and would reflect airway inflammation in children as those in the present study.
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Gallardo A, Carlos M, Peris M, Colomer FJ. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: a case study. Waste Manag 2015; 36:1-11. [PMID: 25443095 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consists in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Carlos
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Peris
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - F J Colomer
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Redondo J, Velasco D, Pérez-Perrino M, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, Pandit A, Elvira C. Synergistic effect of pendant hydroxypropyl and pyrrolidine moieties randomly distributed along polymethacrylamide backbones on in vitro DNA-transfection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 90:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Arjona-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Hidalgo J, Ciria-Bru R, Muñoz-Casares F, Ruiz-Rabelo J, Gallardo A, Orti R, Luque A, Rufián-Peña S, López-Cillero P, de la Mata M, Briceño-Delgado F. Prediction Model to Discard A Priori Liver Allografts. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:3076-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gallardo A, Carlos M, Peris M, Colomer FJ. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: a case study. Waste Manag 2014; 34:1920-1931. [PMID: 25008298 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consist in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Carlos
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Peris
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - F J Colomer
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Téllez-Gabriel M, Gallardo A, Arroyo-Solera I, Navas L, León X, Quer M, Barnadas A, Mangues R, Pavon M. 691: SERPINE1 immunostaining is associated with clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Peiró G, Ortiz-Martínez F, Gallardo A, Pérez-Balaguer A, Sánchez-Payá J, Ponce JJ, Tibau A, López-Vilaro L, Escuin D, Adrover E, Barnadas A, Lerma E. Src, a potential target for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:689-95. [PMID: 24937674 PMCID: PMC4134494 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in signalling and crosstalk between growth-promoting pathways. We aim to investigate the relationship of active Src in response to trastuzumab of HER2-positive breast carcinomas. METHODS We selected 278 HER2-positive breast cancer patients with (n=154) and without (n=124) trastuzumab treatment. We performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays of active Src and several proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, PIK3CA mutational analysis and in vitro studies (SKBR3 and BT474 cancer cells). The results were correlated with clinicopathological factors and patients' outcome. RESULTS Increased pSrc-Y416 was demonstrated in trastuzumab-resistant cells and in 37.8% of tumours that correlated positively with tumour size, necrosis, mitosis, metastasis to the central nervous system, p53 overexpression and MAPK activation but inversely with EGFR and p27. Univariate analyses showed an association of increased active Src with shorter survival in patients at early stage with HER2/hormone receptor-negative tumours treated with trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS Src activation participates in trastuzumab mechanisms of resistance and indicates poor prognosis, mainly in HER2/hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Therefore, blocking this axis may be beneficial in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Peiró
- 1] Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain [2] Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - F Ortiz-Martínez
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - A Gallardo
- Department of Pathology, Clinica Girona, Joan Maragall 16, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Balaguer
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Payá
- Department of Epidemiology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - J J Ponce
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - A Tibau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - L López-Vilaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - D Escuin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Adrover
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University General Hospital of Albacete, Hermanos Falcó s/n, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | - A Barnadas
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - E Lerma
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
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Gallardo A, Guil JM, Lomba E, Almarza NG, Khatib SJ, Cabrillo C, Sanz A, Pires J. Adsorption of probe molecules in pillared interlayered clays: experiment and computer simulation. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224701. [PMID: 24929408 DOI: 10.1063/1.4880962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the adsorption of various probe molecules in order to characterize the porous structure of a series of pillared interlayered clays (PILC). To that aim, volumetric and microcalorimetric adsorption experiments were performed on various Zr PILC samples using nitrogen, toluene, and mesitylene as probe molecules. For one of the samples, neutron scattering experiments were also performed using toluene as adsorbate. Various structural models are proposed and tested by means of a comprehensive computer simulation study, using both geometric and percolation analysis in combination with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations in order to model the volumetric and microcalorimetric isotherms. On the basis of this analysis, we propose a series of structural models that aim at accounting for the adsorption experimental behavior, and make possible a microscopic interpretation of the role played by the different interactions and steric effects in the adsorption processes in these rather complex disordered microporous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Guil
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Lomba
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - N G Almarza
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - S J Khatib
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Cabrillo
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanz
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pires
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gallego O, Cuatrecasas M, Benavides M, Segura PP, Berrocal A, Erill N, Colomer A, Quintana MJ, Balaña C, Gil M, Gallardo A, Murata P, Barnadas A. Efficacy of erlotinib in patients with relapsed gliobastoma multiforme who expressed EGFRVIII and PTEN determined by immunohistochemistry. J Neurooncol 2013; 116:413-9. [PMID: 24352766 PMCID: PMC3890043 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) alteration is a common feature in most of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Robust response of anti-EGFR treatments has been mostly associated with the EGFR deletion mutant variant III (EGFRvIII) and expression of PTEN. We have performed a prospective trial in order to confirm the efficacy of erlotinib treatment in patients with relapsed GBM who expressed EGFRvIII and PTEN. All patients included in the trial were required to be PTEN (+++), EGFR (+++) and EGFRvIII (+++) positives by immunohistochemistry. This new phase II trial enrolled 40 patients and was design to be stopped in case of fewer than two responses in the first 13 patients. Patient eligibility included histopathology criteria, radiological progression, more than 18 years old, Karnofsky performed status, KPS > 50, and adequate bone marrow and organ function. There was no limit to the number of prior treatments for relapses. No enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs were allowed. The primary endpoints were response and progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6). Thirteen patients (6 men, 7 women) with recurrent GBM received erlotinib 150 mg/day. Median age was 53 years, median KPS was 80, and median prior treatments for relapses were 2. There was one partial response and three stable diseases (one at 18 months). PFS at 6 months was 20 %. Dose reduction for toxicity was not needed in any patient. Dermatitis was the main treatment-related toxicity, grade 1 in 8 patients and grade 2 in 5 patients. No grade 3 toxicity was observed. Median survival was 7 months (95 % IC 1.41–4.7). As conclusion, monotherapy with erlotinib in GBM relapses patients with high protein expression for PTEN (+++), EGFR (+++), and EGFRvlII (+++) showed low toxicity but minimal efficacy and the trial stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gallego
- Medical Oncology Service, Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Sant Antoni Mº Claret nº 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain,
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Castro-Díez P, Godoy O, Alonso A, Gallardo A, Saldaña A. What explains variation in the impacts of exotic plant invasions on the nitrogen cycle? A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2013; 17:1-12. [PMID: 24134461 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exotic plant invasions can notably alter the nitrogen (N) cycle of ecosystems. However, there is large variation in the magnitude and direction of their impact that remains unexplained. We present a structured meta-analysis of 100 papers, covering 113 invasive plant species with 345 cases of invasion across the globe and reporting impacts on N cycle-related metrics. We aim to explain heterogeneity of impacts by considering methodological aspects, properties of the invaded site and phylogenetic and functional characteristics of the invaders and the natives. Overall, plant invasions increased N pools and accelerated fluxes, even when excluding N-fixing invaders. The impact on N pools depended mainly on functional differences and was greater when the invasive plants and the natives differed in N-fixation ability, plant height and plant/leaf habit. Furthermore, the impact on N fluxes was related mainly to climate, being greater under warm and moist conditions. Our findings show that more functionally distant invaders occurring in mild climates are causing the strongest alterations to the N cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Ecología), Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33, 6. 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Sheppard G, Gallardo A, Hall J, Strizek M. Managing the cumulative groundwater impacts of multiple iron ore projects at Cape Preston (or ... one plus one plus one plus one does not equal four). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/174328610x12682159814911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mangues R, Céspedes M, Guillén M, Alamo P, López R, Gallardo A, Nuñez P, Cuevas C, Aviles P. 223 Lurbinectedin (PM01183) Synergizes with Gemcitabine in NSCLC, Ovarian and Pancreas Tumor Xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aviles P, Céspedes M, Guillén M, Alamo P, Bishop A, Gallardo A, Pernice T, Mangues R, Cuevas C. 222 Lurbinectedin (PM01183): Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) Properties in Pancreas, Ovarian and NSCLC Xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Llorens E, Gallardo A, García-Agustín P, Lapeña L, Molina M. RESPONSE OF TOMATO CROPS (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM 'MONTECARLO') TO SEWAGE SLUDGE-BASED COMPOST FERTILIZATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2012.933.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gallardo A, Picollo MI, González-Audino P, Mougabure-Cueto G. Insecticidal activity of individual and mixed monoterpenoids of geranium essential oil against Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol 2012; 49:332-335. [PMID: 22493851 DOI: 10.1603/me11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The major components of geranium (Geranium maculatum L.) oil and their mixtures were tested against female Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed four major constituents: citronellol (38%), geraniol (16%), citronellyl formate (10.4%), and linalool (6.45%) (concentration expressed as percentage of total). Topical application demonstrated that the most potent component was citronellol and geraniol, with LD50 values 9.7 and 12.7 microg/insect, respectively. Linalool and Citronellyl formate were less toxic with LD50 values 24.7 and 38.5 microg/insect, respectively. Toxicity of these four major constituents in the same proportion as the natural oil, was greater than whole oil and each individual component. Removal of any four constituents produced a decreased in effectiveness. The absence of citronellol caused the greatest decrease in toxicity (DL50 from 2.2 to 10.9 microg/insect), leading us to conclude that this constituent is the major contributor to oil toxicity. The knowledge of the role of each constituent in the toxicity of the whole oil gives the possibility to create artificial blends of different constituents for the development of more effective control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de la Salle 4397 (B1603ALO), Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bovea MD, Ibáñez-Forés V, Gallardo A, Colomer-Mendoza FJ. Environmental assessment of alternative municipal solid waste management strategies. A Spanish case study. Waste Manag 2010; 30:2383-2395. [PMID: 20381331 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare, from an environmental point of view, different alternatives for the management of municipal solid waste generated in the town of Castellón de la Plana (Spain). This town currently produces 207 ton of waste per day and the waste management system employed today involves the collection of paper/cardboard, glass and light packaging from materials banks and of rest waste at street-side containers. The proposed alternative scenarios were based on a combination of the following elements: selective collection targets to be accomplished by the year 2015 as specified in the Spanish National Waste Plan (assuming they are reached to an extent of 50% and 100%), different collection models implemented nationally, and diverse treatments of both the separated biodegradable fraction and the rest waste to be disposed of on landfills. This resulted in 24 scenarios, whose environmental behaviour was studied by applying the life cycle assessment methodology. In accordance with the ISO 14040-44 (2006) standard, an inventory model was developed for the following stages of the waste management life cycle: pre-collection (bags and containers), collection, transport, pre-treatment (waste separation) and treatment/disposal (recycling, composting, biogasification+composting, landfill with/without energy recovery). Environmental indicators were obtained for different impact categories, which made it possible to identify the key variables in the waste management system and the scenario that offers the best environmental behaviour. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was used to test some of the assumptions made in the initial life cycle inventory model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bovea
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
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Pedroni E, Garcia M, Espinola V, Guerrero A, Gonzalez C, Olea A, Calvo M, Martorell B, Winkler M, Carrasco M, Vergara J, Ulloa J, Carrazana A, Mujica O, Villarroel J, Labrana M, Vargas M, Gonzalez P, Caceres L, Zamorano C, Momberg R, Munoz G, Rocco J, Bosque V, Gallardo A, Elgueta J, Vega J. Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1), Los Lagos, Chile, April-June 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15. [PMID: 20067745 DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.01.19456-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
On 17 May 2009, the first two cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) were confirmed in the Metropolitan region (Santiago, Chile). On 6 June 2009, Chile reported 500 confirmed cases, seven severe and two fatal. Because six of the severe cases and the two deaths occurred in the region of Los Lagos in southern Chile, a retrospective study was conducted using data on emergency room visits as well as laboratory viral surveillance, during the period from 1 April to 31 May, in order to establish the date of the beginning of the outbreak. From 1 to 27 June, data were collected in real time, to establish the real magnitude of the outbreak, describe its transmission, clinical severity and secondary attack rates. Confirmed cases, their household contacts and healthcare workers were interviewed. This analysis showed that the outbreak in Los Lagos started on 28 April. By 27 June, a total of 14.559 clinical cases were identified, affecting mostly 5-19 year-olds. The effective reproduction number during the initial phase (20 days) was 1.8 (1.6-2.0). Of the 190 confirmed cases with severe acute respiratory infection, 71 (37.4%) presented a risk condition or underlying illness.
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Affiliation(s)
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- The Ministry of Health Task Force is integrated by experts of the Ministry of Heath (Epidemiology, Health care services, Clinicians, Laboratory), Scientific and Medical Society Experts, Santiago, Chile
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Almarza NG, Gallardo A, Martín C, Guil JM, Lomba E. Topological considerations on microporous adsorption processes in simple models for pillared interlayered clays. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:244701. [PMID: 20059093 DOI: 10.1063/1.3273209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microporous structure of pillared interlayered clays is determined by their interlayer separation and the distribution of the pillars that separate their layers. The pillars provide stability to these quasi-two-dimensional high surface area materials. In this work we present a topological analysis of available and accessible volumes within various simple models of pillared interlayered clays. Each model is characterized by a distribution of pillars. Both fully ordered structures and disordered pillar distributions with either attractive or repulsive interpillar correlations are considered. Particular attention is paid to the problem of accessibility. In systems with similar degrees of porosity, even when cavities within each model might be able to host the same adsorbate molecules, their accessibility will strongly depend on the pillar distribution. The theoretical analysis presented in this work may facilitate the interpretation of experimental results, pointing out those quantities that are key to describe the texture of the porous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Almarza
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Tibau A, Ojeda M, Nadal R, Gallardo A, Altozano JP, Sala N, Mazarico J, Boguña I, Artigas V, Barnadas A. 8026 The predictive and prognostic value of serum CA125 kinetics and CA125 nadir during paclitaxel/platinum based chemotherapy (QT) in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (OC). EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Tibau A, Ojeda B, Nadal R, Pérez Altozano J, Boguña I, Artigas V, Gallardo A, Pérez C, Lopez J, Barnadas A. The predictive and prognostic value of serum CA 125 kinetics and CA 125 nadir during paclitaxel/platinum based chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16534 Background: The tumor marker CA 125 is an accurate and reliable marker for monitoring the response to treatment and detecting early relapse in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the predictive and prognostic value of CA 125 kinetics and the implications of the different levels of CA 125 within the normal range after chemotherapy (CT). Methods: Between 1996 and 2008, 127 patients (pts) were treated with standard CT regimen for FIGO stage IIb-IV EOC. Median age was 64 years (24–87). Tumors were classified: 70 (55%) serous, 24 (19%) poorly differentiated, 14 (11%) endometrioid and 19 (15%) clear cell carcinoma. FIGO stage: 12 (9%) II; 95 (75%) III; and 20 (16%) IV. Tumor grade: 1 (1%) G1; 11 (9%) G2; and 115 (90%) G3. Residual disease after initial surgery: 52 (41%) optimal <2cm and 39 (31%) suboptimal. After surgery, 117 (92%) of the pts received a median of 6 cycles/patient with platinum based (cisplatin or carboplatin) CT in combination with paclitaxel. Median follow-up was 31 months. 93 (73%) pts achieved levels <35 U/ml after CT. Survival analyses for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) used univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariate (Cox) model. Results: For 127 stage IIb-IV pts, 88 (69%) relapsed and 60 (47%) died from EOC. The median DFS for 3 groups 1, 2 and 3, was 34, 20, 14 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). The median OS for 3 groups was 7.5, 3 and 3 years, respectively (p < 0.0001). Pre-CT Ca 125 (p < 0.002), and time to negativization (p < 0.043) all had a univariate prognostic value for DFS and OS. In Cox models, FIGO stage (p < 0.0001) and nadir concentration (p < 0.0001) were the most powerful prognostic factors for DFS and OS. We found no differences in DFS and OS related to time to nadir. Conclusions: Serum CA 125 kinetics during early CT has a strong predictive and prognostic relevance for patients with advanced EOC. Within normal range, the differences between CA 125 levels could add prognostic information, stratify pts according to the risk of progression and would be a useful tool when performing consolidation CT in future clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tibau
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Ojeda
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Nadal
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Pérez Altozano
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. Boguña
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Artigas
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Gallardo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Pérez
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Lopez
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Barnadas
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Nadal R, Romero ML, Ojeda B, Gallardo A, Rodríguez M, Boguñà I, Gich I, Prat J, Barnadas A. Microtubule-regulatory phosphoproteins and NER system are involved in platinum and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5567 Background: The treatment of ovarian cancer is hindered by intrinsic resistance to platinum and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy (CT). Nucleotide excision repair system plays a central role in DNA repair and is related with resistance to platinum compounds. Excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) and 3 (ERCC3) genes confer a differential sensitivity to CT. OP18/stathmin and mDIA are involved in regulation of microtubules dynamics and may represent a mechanism of resistance to paclitaxel. Both mechanisms have been recently investigated in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: Formalin and paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 33 patients with advanced OC were retrospectively collected to investigate ERCC1, ERCC3, OP18, and mDIA mRNA levels by quantitative RT- PCR. All patients received a median of 6 cycles platinum based CT in combination with taxanes. Median age was 62 years. Tumors were classified: 52% serous, 9% endometrioid, 27% clear cell, and 12% poorly differentiated carcinomas. FIGO stage: 4 (12%) stage II, 19 (58%) stage III, and 10 (30%) stage IV. 12 chemoresistant tumors (time to recurrence (TTR) < 6 months) and 21 chemosensitive tumors (TTR = 6 months) were analyzed. Median follow-up was 31 months. Results: An increase in mRNA levels was consistently observed in the chemoresistent group: 1.9-fold increased in ERCC1 and 1.6-fold increased in ERCC3. Both genes exhibited comparable expression levels. Statistically significant differences on ERCC1 and ERCC3 mRNA levels were encountered when chemoresistant and chemosensitive tumors were compared (p=0.01 and p= 0.03, respectively). Statistically differences on OP18 mRNA levels were found when chemoresistant and chemosensitive tumors were compared (p=0.05). No differences in mDIA mRNA levels were encountered. Conclusions: Our results suggest that determination of ERCC1-ERCC3 before chemotherapy is potentially useful to predict the effectiveness of platinum-based therapy. Microtubule drug resistance in OC may be associated with altered OP18/stathmin expression. Novel treatment approaches based on molecular markers could be useful predictors of response and could identify targets for therapeutic strategies. Further studies are required. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nadal
- Hospital De Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B. Ojeda
- Hospital De Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - I. Boguñà
- Hospital De Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. Gich
- Hospital De Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Prat
- Hospital De Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Mallol J, García-Marcos L, Aguirre V, Martinez-Torres A, Perez-Fernández V, Gallardo A, Calvo M, Rosario Filho N, Rocha W, Fischer G, Baeza-Bacab M, Chiarella P, Pinto R, Barria C. The International Study of Wheezing in Infants: questionnaire validation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:44-50. [PMID: 17505136 DOI: 10.1159/000102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no internationally validated questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of infant wheezing. This study was undertaken to validate a questionnaire for the International Study on the Prevalence of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). MATERIAL AND METHODS Construct and criterion validity were tested for the question 'Has your baby had wheezing or whistling in the chest during his/her first 12 months of life?'. Construct validity (i.e. the ability of parents and doctors to refer to the same symptoms with the same words) was tested in a sample of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezy infants 12-15 months of age in each of 10 centres from 6 different Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking countries. Criterion validity (i.e. the ability of parents to correctly detect the symptom in the general population) was evaluated in 2 samples (Santiago, Chile and Cartagena, Spain) of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezing infants (according to parents) of the same age, randomly selected from the general population, who were later blindly diagnosed by a paediatric pulmonologist. RESULTS Construct validity was very high (kappa test: 0.98-1) in all centres. According to Youden's index, criterion validity was good both in Cartagena (75.5%) and in Santiago (67.0%). Adding questions about asthma medication did not improve diagnosis accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The EISL questionnaire significantly distinguished wheezy infants from healthy ones. This questionnaire has a strong validity and can be employed in large international multicentre studies on wheezing during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mallol
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Abstract
AIM To determine the frequency with which the histopathological diagnosis of periapical lesions contributes to a change in the clinical diagnosis. METHODOLOGY Cases having a clinical diagnosis of disease resulting from dental pulp necrosis were selected from the database of the Oral Pathology Reference Institute between 1975 and 2005. Cases with different histopathological diagnoses were determined and information about age and gender of the patient, location of associated tooth, pulp status and the histopathological diagnosis were recorded. The percentage of nonendodontic periapical lesions was then determined. RESULTS In the 30-year period, 32,423 [corrected] biopsy specimens were received. Overall 4006 (9.13%) had a clinical diagnosis of pulpal necrosis with associated pathosis in the periradicular area. Within this group, 26 cases (0.65%) had a histopathological diagnosis of nonendodontic pathology. Keratocystic odontogenic tumour was the most frequent nonendodontic lesion (11 cases) in the periradicular region followed by central giant cell granuloma (three cases), chronic sinusitis (three cases) and one case each of the following lesions: nasopalatine duct cyst, lateral periodontal cyst, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour, ameloblastic fibroma, squamous odontogenic tumour, cemental dysplasia, haemangioma, foreign body cell granuloma and amalgam tattoo. CONCLUSIONS The histopathological study of periapical pathosis can occasionally reveal nonendodontic lesions. Odontogenic tumours made up the largest group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ortega
- Department of Oral Pathology and Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Estevao Belchior S, Gallardo A, Abalos A, Díaz Y, Alvarez L, Callejo R, Prieto M, Jodor N, Jensen O. [Diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep from Patagonia]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2007; 39:44-6. [PMID: 17593581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic bacterial, infectious and contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects sheep and results in abscesses of the lymph nodes in subcutaneous tissue, as well as in internal organs such as lungs, liver and kidneys. Differential diagnosis of the disease is based on the isolation and biochemical identification of the etiological agent. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bacteria isolated from typical CLA lesions in sheep from Patagonia, Argentina, at metabolic and genetic levels. Macroscopic observations show a fibrous membrane containing caseous necrotic tissue. Histopathological analysis shows an eosinophilic necrotic area surrounded by epitheloid cells and polymorphonuclear infiltration. Other analyses performed such as microscopic observations, in vitro culture, biochemical tests and 16s rDNA sequencing confirmed diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis due to C. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Estevao Belchior
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Ciudad Universitaria Km 4 (9000) Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina.
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Bovea MD, Powell JC, Gallardo A, Capuz-Rizo SF. The role played by environmental factors in the integration of a transfer station in a municipal solid waste management system. Waste Manag 2007; 27:545-53. [PMID: 16765037 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Transfer stations are an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste management systems. The main criteria used to decide on the location of a transfer station has traditionally been the minimization of transport costs, since it is cheaper to transport great amounts of waste over long distances in large loads than in small ones. In this study, we are going to consider the environmental factor in order to compare the feasibility of using a transfer station integrated within a waste management system. Applying the Life Cycle Assessment technique will enable us to obtain an objective parameter that quantifies the environmental impact of transportation and of operating a transfer station. Taking the current rates of solid wastes generation in the Plana region of Castellón (Spain) as our starting point, in this study we compare the environmental costs involved in the process of taking municipal wastes directly to the nearest waste treatment facility, with those involved in a waste management system integrating a transfer station. Comparing these two cases, an average reduction of 16.8% in the environmental impact can be obtained when a transfer station is incorporated in the waste management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bovea
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
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