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Van de Waal DB, Gsell AS, Harris T, Paerl HW, de Senerpont Domis LN, Huisman J. Hot summers raise public awareness of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Water Res 2024; 249:120817. [PMID: 38086207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Water quality of eutrophic lakes is threatened by harmful cyanobacterial blooms, which are favored by summer heatwaves and expected to intensify with global warming. Societal demands on surface water for drinking, irrigation and recreation are also highest in summer, especially during dry and warm conditions. Here, we analyzed trends in online searches to investigate how public awareness of cyanobacterial blooms is impacted by temperature in nine different countries over almost twenty years. Our findings reveal large seasonal and interannual variation, with more online searches for harmful cyanobacteria in temperate regions during hot summers. Online searches and media attention increased even more steeply with temperature than the incidence of cyanobacterial blooms, presumably because lakes attract more people during warm weather. Overall, our study indicates that warmer summers not only increase cyanobacterial bloom incidence, but also lead to a pronounced increase of the public awareness of toxic cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ted Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS 66047 United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Pervasive systems group, Faculty of electrical engineering, mathematics and computer science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-information science and Earth observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Gsell AS, Biere A, de Boer W, de Bruijn I, Eichhorn G, Frenken T, Geisen S, van der Jeugd H, Mason-Jones K, Meisner A, Thakur MP, van Donk E, Zwart MP, Van de Waal DB. Environmental refuges from disease in host-parasite interactions under global change. Ecology 2023; 104:e4001. [PMID: 36799146 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The physiological performance of organisms depends on their environmental context, resulting in performance-response curves along environmental gradients. Parasite performance-response curves are generally expected to be broader than those of their hosts due to shorter generation times and hence faster adaptation. However, certain environmental conditions may limit parasite performance more than that of the host, thereby providing an environmental refuge from disease. Thermal disease refuges have been extensively studied in response to climate warming, but other environmental factors may also provide environmental disease refuges which, in turn, respond to global change. Here, we (1) showcase laboratory and natural examples of refuges from parasites along various environmental gradients, and (2) provide hypotheses on how global environmental change may affect these refuges. We strive to synthesize knowledge on potential environmental disease refuges along different environmental gradients including salinity and nutrients, in both natural and food-production systems. Although scaling up from single host-parasite relationships along one environmental gradient to their interaction outcome in the full complexity of natural environments remains difficult, integrating host and parasite performance-response can serve to formulate testable hypotheses about the variability in parasitism outcomes and the occurrence of environmental disease refuges under current and future environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Ecosystem Research Department, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arjen Biere
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene de Bruijn
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Koppert, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Götz Eichhorn
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van der Jeugd
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kyle Mason-Jones
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelein Meisner
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Madhav P Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P Zwart
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Vasantha Raman N, Gsell AS, Voulgarellis T, van den Brink NW, de Senerpont Domis LN. Moving beyond standard toxicological metrics: The effect of diclofenac on planktonic host-parasite interactions. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 254:106370. [PMID: 36516501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly released into surface waters and therefore ubiquitous in aquatic systems. While pharmaceuticals are known to influence species interactions, their effect on host-parasite interactions is still underexplored despite potential ecosystem-level consequences. Here, we ask whether diclofenac, a widely used non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, affects the interaction between a phytoplankton host (Staurastrum sp.; green alga) and its obligate fungal parasite (Staurastromyces oculus; chytrid fungus). We hypothesized that the effect of increasing diclofenac concentration on the host-parasite system depends on parasite exposure. We assessed acute and chronic effects of a wide range of diclofenac concentrations (0-150 mg/L) on host and parasite performance using a replicated long gradient design in batch cultures. Overall system response summarizing parameters related to all biotic components in an experimental unit i.e., number of bacteria and phytoplankton host cells along with photosynthetic yield (a measure of algal cell fitness), depended on diclofenac concentration and presence/absence of parasite. While host standing biomass decreased at diclofenac concentrations >10 mg/L in non-parasite-exposed treatments, it increased at ≥10 mg/L in parasite-exposed treatments since losses due to infection declined. During acute phase (0-48 h), diclofenac concentrations <0.1 mg/L had no effect on host net-production neither in parasite-exposed nor non-parasite-exposed treatments, but parasite infection ceased at 10 mg/L. During chronic phase (0-216 h), host net-production declined only at concentrations >10 mg/L in non-parasite-exposed cultures, while it was overall close to zero in parasite-exposed cultures. Our results suggest that chytrid parasites are more sensitive to diclofenac than their host, allowing a window of opportunity for growth of phytoplankton hosts, despite exposure to a parasite. Our work provides a first understanding about effects of a pharmaceutical on a host-parasite interaction beyond those defined by standard toxicological metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Vasantha Raman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands.
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Themistoklis Voulgarellis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, WE 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Pervasive Systems Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, the Netherlands; Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, the Netherlands
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4
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Armstrong M, Aksu Bahçeci H, van Donk E, Dubey A, Frenken T, Gebreyohanes Belay BM, Gsell AS, Heuts TS, Kramer L, Lürling M, Ouboter M, Seelen LMS, Teurlincx S, Vasantha Raman N, Zhan Q, de Senerpont Domis LN. Making waves: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 anthropause in the Netherlands on urban aquatic ecosystem services provisioning and management. Water Res 2022; 223:118934. [PMID: 36058095 PMCID: PMC9348808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous past two years of the COVID-19 pandemic have been a test of human response to global crisis management as typical human activities were significantly altered. The COVID-instigated anthropause has illustrated the influence that humans and the biosphere have on each other, especially given the variety of national mobility interventions that have been implemented globally. These local COVID-19-era restrictions influenced human-ecosystem interactions through changes in accessibility of water systems and changes in ecosystem service demand. Four urban aquatic case studies in the Netherlands demonstrated shifts in human demand during the anthropause. For instance, reduced boat traffic in Amsterdam canals led to improved water clarity. In comparison, ongoing service exploitation from increased recreational fishing, use of bathing waters and national parks visitation are heightening concerns about potential ecosystem degradation. We distilled management lessons from both the case studies as well as from recent literature pertaining to ecological intactness and social relevance. Equally important to the lessons themselves, however, is the pace at which informed management practices are established after the pandemic ends, particularly as many communities currently recognize the importance of aquatic ecosystems and are amenable to their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Armstrong
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hazal Aksu Bahçeci
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Ecology and Biodiversity research group, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Asmita Dubey
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Berte M Gebreyohanes Belay
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Tom S Heuts
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lilith Kramer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Ouboter
- Waternet, Regional Water Authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M S Seelen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Programming and Monitoring, Regional Water Authority Brabantse Delta, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Nandini Vasantha Raman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Qing Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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5
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Stelzer JAA, Mesman JP, Gsell AS, Senerpont Domis LN, Visser PM, Adrian R, Ibelings BW. Phytoplankton responses to repeated pulse perturbations imposed on a trend of increasing eutrophication. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8675. [PMID: 35261753 PMCID: PMC8888247 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. A. Stelzer
- Department F.‐A Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Ecosystem Research Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit P. Mesman
- Department F.‐A Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alena S. Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Petra M. Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rita Adrian
- Department of Ecosystem Research Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Bastiaan W. Ibelings
- Department F.‐A Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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6
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Sánchez Barranco V, Van der Meer MTJ, Kagami M, Van den Wyngaert S, Van de Waal DB, Van Donk E, Gsell AS. Trophic position, elemental ratios and nitrogen transfer in a planktonic host-parasite-consumer food chain including a fungal parasite. Oecologia 2020; 194:541-554. [PMID: 32803339 PMCID: PMC7683484 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is arguably the most commonly occurring consumer strategy. However, only a few food web studies assess how well stable isotopes reflect the trophic position of parasitic consumers and results are variable. Even fewer studies have measured the nutrient transfer by parasitic consumers, hindering an assessment of their role in nutrient transfer through food webs. Here we used a food chain consisting of a diatom as host, a chytrid as its parasitic consumer and a rotifer as the predatory consumer of the chytrid, to assess the trophic position of all three food-chain components using their natural 13C and 15N isotope signatures, and to measure the nitrogen transfer from the host via the chytrid to the rotifer by tracing 15N of a labelled host up the food chain. Additionally, we measured the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios of all food-chain components. Natural isotope abundance results showed no clear 15N enrichment in the chytrid or rotifer relative to the primary producer. However, estimates of nitrogen transfer indicated that about 14% of host nitrogen was transferred per day from host to chytrid during infection epidemics and that some of this nitrogen was also transferred onward to the rotifer. Moreover, C:N ratios decreased with trophic level, suggesting that the chytrid provided a high-quality food source to the rotifer. In conclusion, our results support the “mycoloop”. The mycooloop proposes that chytrid infections allow the transfer of nutrients bound in large, inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton through the production of edible transmission spores, thereby rerouting nutrients back into the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sánchez Barranco
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel T J Van der Meer
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Graduate Schools of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Silke Van den Wyngaert
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Frenken T, Miki T, Kagami M, Van de Waal DB, Van Donk E, Rohrlack T, Gsell AS. The potential of zooplankton in constraining chytrid epidemics in phytoplankton hosts. Ecology 2019; 101:e02900. [PMID: 31544240 PMCID: PMC7003484 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fungal diseases threaten natural and man‐made ecosystems. Chytridiomycota (chytrids) infect a wide host range, including phytoplankton species that form the basis of aquatic food webs and produce roughly half of Earth's oxygen. However, blooms of large or toxic phytoplankton form trophic bottlenecks, as they are inedible to zooplankton. Chytrids infecting inedible phytoplankton provide a trophic link to zooplankton by producing edible zoospores of high nutritional quality. By grazing chytrid zoospores, zooplankton may induce a trophic cascade, as a decreased zoospore density will reduce new infections. Conversely, fewer infections will not produce enough zoospores to sustain long‐term zooplankton growth and reproduction. This intricate balance between zoospore density necessary for zooplankton energetic demands (growth/survival), and the loss in new infections (and thus new zoospores) because of grazing was tested empirically. To this end, we exposed a cyanobacterial host (Planktothrix rubescens) infected by a chytrid (Rizophydium megarrhizum) to a grazer density gradient (the rotifer Keratella cf. cochlearis). Rotifers survived and reproduced on a zoospore diet, but the Keratella population growth was limited by the amount of zoospores provided by chytrid infections, resulting in a situation where zooplankton survived but were restricted in their ability to control disease in the cyanobacterial host. We subsequently developed and parameterized a dynamical food‐chain model using an allometric relationship for clearance rate to assess theoretically the potential of different‐sized zooplankton groups to restrict disease in phytoplankton hosts. Our model suggests that smaller‐sized zooplankton may have a high potential to reduce chytrid infections on inedible phytoplankton. Together, our results point out the complexity of three‐way interactions between hosts, parasites, and grazers and highlight that trophic cascades are not always sustainable and may depend on the grazer's energetic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.,Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Takeshi Miki
- Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, 520-2194, Japan.,Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 107, Taiwan
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.,Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.056, Utrecht, 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rohrlack
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, NO-1432, Norway
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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8
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Spears BM, Futter MN, Jeppesen E, Huser BJ, Ives S, Davidson TA, Adrian R, Angeler DG, Burthe SJ, Carvalho L, Daunt F, Gsell AS, Hessen DO, Janssen ABG, Mackay EB, May L, Moorhouse H, Olsen S, Søndergaard M, Woods H, Thackeray SJ. Ecological resilience in lakes and the conjunction fallacy. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1616-1624. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Frenken T, Alacid E, Berger SA, Bourne EC, Gerphagnon M, Grossart HP, Gsell AS, Ibelings BW, Kagami M, Küpper FC, Letcher PM, Loyau A, Miki T, Nejstgaard JC, Rasconi S, Reñé A, Rohrlack T, Rojas-Jimenez K, Schmeller DS, Scholz B, Seto K, Sime-Ngando T, Sukenik A, Van de Waal DB, Van den Wyngaert S, Van Donk E, Wolinska J, Wurzbacher C, Agha R. Integrating chytrid fungal parasites into plankton ecology: research gaps and needs. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3802-3822. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10; Wageningen PB 6708 The Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Alacid
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia; Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49; Barcelona 08003 Spain
| | - Stella A. Berger
- Department of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2; Stechlin D-16775 Germany
| | - Elizabeth C. Bourne
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Königin-Luise-Straβe 6-8; Berlin D-14195 Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Research; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301; Berlin 12587 Germany
| | - Mélanie Gerphagnon
- Department of Ecosystem Research; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301; Berlin 12587 Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2; Stechlin D-16775 Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2; Potsdam D-14476 Germany
| | - Alena S. Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10; Wageningen PB 6708 The Netherlands
| | - Bas W. Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences & Institute for Environmental Sciences; University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt; Geneva 4 CH 1211 Switzerland
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama; Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Frithjof C. Küpper
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street; Newburgh Scotland AB41 6AA UK
| | - Peter M. Letcher
- Department of Biological Sciences; The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Department of System Ecotoxicology; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15; 04318 Leipzig Germany
- Department of Conservation Biology; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15; Leipzig 04318 Germany
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Takeshi Miki
- Institute of Oceanography; National Taiwan University, No.1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Changes; Academia Sinica, No.128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang; Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Jens C. Nejstgaard
- Department of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2; Stechlin D-16775 Germany
| | - Serena Rasconi
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biological Station; Inter-University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See; Austria
| | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia; Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49; Barcelona 08003 Spain
| | - Thomas Rohrlack
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås; Norway
| | - Keilor Rojas-Jimenez
- Department of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2; Stechlin D-16775 Germany
- Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, Campus San Pedro, Apdo; San Jose 10138-1000 Costa Rica
| | - Dirk S. Schmeller
- Department of Conservation Biology; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15; Leipzig 04318 Germany
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Bettina Scholz
- BioPol ehf, Einbúastig 2, Skagaströnd 545; Iceland
- Faculty of Natural Resource Sciences; University of Akureyri, Borgir v. Nordurslod; Akureyri IS 600 Iceland
| | - Kensuke Seto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama; Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba, 1278-294, Sugadaira-Kogen; Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204 Japan
| | - Télesphore Sime-Ngando
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023 LMGE, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE); Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, Impasse Amélie Murat 1, CS 60026, Aubière, 63178 France
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory; Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, P.O.Box 447; Migdal, 14950 Israel
| | - Dedmer B. Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10; Wageningen PB 6708 The Netherlands
| | - Silke Van den Wyngaert
- Department of Experimental Limnology; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2; Stechlin D-16775 Germany
| | - Ellen Van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10; Wageningen PB 6708 The Netherlands
- Department of Biology; University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8; Utrecht TB 3508 The Netherlands
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301; Berlin 12587 Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straβe 1-3; Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Christian Wurzbacher
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg, Box 461; Göteborg, 405 30 Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461; Göteborg, SE-405 30 Sweden
| | - Ramsy Agha
- Department of Ecosystem Research; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301; Berlin 12587 Germany
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10
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Frenken T, Wierenga J, Gsell AS, van Donk E, Rohrlack T, Van de Waal DB. Changes in N:P Supply Ratios Affect the Ecological Stoichiometry of a Toxic Cyanobacterium and Its Fungal Parasite. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28634476 PMCID: PMC5459933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities have dramatically altered nutrient fluxes from the landscape into receiving waters. As a result, not only the concentration of nutrients in surface waters has increased, but also their elemental ratios have changed. Such shifts in resource supply ratios will alter autotroph stoichiometry, which may in turn have consequences for higher trophic levels, including parasites. Here, we hypothesize that parasite elemental composition will follow changes in the stoichiometry of its host, and that its reproductive success will decrease with host nutrient limitation. We tested this hypothesis by following the response of a host–parasite system to changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply in a controlled laboratory experiment. To this end, we exposed a fungal parasite (the chytrid Rhizophydium megarrhizum) to its host (the freshwater cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens) under control, low N:P and high N:P conditions. Host N:P followed treatment conditions, with a decreased N:P ratio under low N:P supply, and an increased N:P ratio under high N:P supply, as compared to the control. Shifts in host N:P stoichiometry were reflected in the parasite stoichiometry. Furthermore, at low N:P supply, host intracellular microcystin concentration was lowered as compared to high N:P supply. In contrast to our hypothesis, zoospore production decreased at low N:P and increased at high N:P ratio as compared to the control. These findings suggest that fungal parasites have a relatively high N, but low P requirement. Furthermore, zoospore elemental content, and thereby presumably their size, decreased at high N:P ratios. From these results we hypothesize that fungal parasites may exhibit a trade-off between zoospore size and production. Since zooplankton can graze on chytrid zoospores, changes in parasite production, stoichiometry and cell size may have implications for aquatic food web dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joren Wierenga
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rohrlack
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅs, Norway
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),Wageningen, Netherlands
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11
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Spears BM, Carvalho L, Futter MN, May L, Thackeray SJ, Adrian R, Angeler DG, Burthe SJ, Davidson TA, Daunt F, Gsell AS, Hessen DO, Moorhouse H, Huser B, Ives SC, Janssen ABG, Mackay EB, Søndergaard M, Jeppesen E. Ecological Instability in Lakes: A Predictable Condition? Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:3285-3286. [PMID: 26952189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | | | - Martyn N Futter
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda May
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - David G Angeler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Burthe
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Tom A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience - Lake Ecology, Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25, Building B2.22, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Francis Daunt
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dag O Hessen
- University of Oslo , Department of Biosciences, Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heather Moorhouse
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Brian Huser
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Ives
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Annette B G Janssen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor B Mackay
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience - Lake Ecology, Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25, Building B2.22, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience - Lake Ecology, Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25, Building B2.22, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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12
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Özkundakci D, Gsell AS, Hintze T, Täuscher H, Adrian R. Winter severity determines functional trait composition of phytoplankton in seasonally ice-covered lakes. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:284-298. [PMID: 26342133 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
How climate change will affect the community dynamics and functionality of lake ecosystems during winter is still little understood. This is also true for phytoplankton in seasonally ice-covered temperate lakes which are particularly vulnerable to the presence or absence of ice. We examined changes in pelagic phytoplankton winter community structure in a north temperate lake (Müggelsee, Germany), covering 18 winters between 1995 and 2013. We tested how phytoplankton taxa composition varied along a winter-severity gradient and to what extent winter severity shaped the functional trait composition of overwintering phytoplankton communities using multivariate statistical analyses and a functional trait-based approach. We hypothesized that overwintering phytoplankton communities are dominated by taxa with trait combinations corresponding to the prevailing winter water column conditions, using ice thickness measurements as a winter-severity indicator. Winter severity had little effect on univariate diversity indicators (taxon richness and evenness), but a strong relationship was found between the phytoplankton community structure and winter severity when taxon trait identity was taken into account. Species responses to winter severity were mediated by the key functional traits: motility, nutritional mode, and the ability to form resting stages. Accordingly, one or the other of two functional groups dominated the phytoplankton biomass during mild winters (i.e., thin or no ice cover; phototrophic taxa) or severe winters (i.e., thick ice cover; exclusively motile taxa). Based on predicted milder winters for temperate regions and a reduction in ice-cover durations, phytoplankton communities during winter can be expected to comprise taxa that have a relative advantage when the water column is well mixed (i.e., need not be motile) and light is less limiting (i.e., need not be mixotrophic). A potential implication of this result is that winter severity promotes different communities at the vernal equinox, which may have different nutritional quality for the next trophic level and ecosystem-scale effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Özkundakci
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hintze
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helgard Täuscher
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Adrian
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Gsell AS, de Senerpont Domis LN, van Donk E, Ibelings BW. Temperature alters host genotype-specific susceptibility to chytrid infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71737. [PMID: 23990982 PMCID: PMC3753301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cost of parasitism often depends on environmental conditions and host identity. Therefore, variation in the biotic and abiotic environment can have repercussions on both, species-level host-parasite interaction patterns but also on host genotype-specific susceptibility to disease. We exposed seven genetically different but concurrent strains of the diatom Asterionella formosa to one genotype of its naturally co-occurring chytrid parasite Zygorhizidium planktonicum across five environmentally relevant temperatures. We found that the thermal tolerance range of the tested parasite genotype was narrower than that of its host, providing the host with a “cold” and “hot” thermal refuge of very low or no infection. Susceptibility to disease was host genotype-specific and varied with temperature level so that no genotype was most or least resistant across all temperatures. This suggests a role of thermal variation in the maintenance of diversity in disease related traits in this phytoplankton host. The duration and intensity of chytrid parasite pressure on host populations is likely to be affected by the projected changes in temperature patterns due to climate warming both through altering temperature dependent disease susceptibility of the host and, potentially, through en- or disabling thermal host refugia. This, in turn may affect the selective strength of the parasite on the genetic architecture of the host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S. Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W. Ibelings
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Microbial Ecology, Institut F.-A. Forel, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
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14
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Gsell AS, de Senerpont Domis LN, Verhoeven KJF, van Donk E, Ibelings BW. Chytrid epidemics may increase genetic diversity of a diatom spring-bloom. ISME J 2013; 7:2057-9. [PMID: 23657362 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to expectation, populations of clonal organisms are often genetically highly diverse. In phytoplankton, this diversity is maintained throughout periods of high population growth (that is, blooms), even though competitive exclusion among genotypes should hypothetically lead to the dominance of a few superior genotypes. Genotype-specific parasitism may be one mechanism that helps maintain such high-genotypic diversity of clonal organisms. Here, we present a comparison of population genetic similarity by estimating the beta-dispersion among genotypes of early and peak bloom populations of the diatom Asterionella formosa for three spring-blooms under high or low parasite pressure. The Asterionella population showed greater beta-dispersion at peak bloom than early bloom in the 2 years with high parasite pressure, whereas the within group dispersion did not change under low parasite pressure. Our findings support that high prevalence parasitism can promote genetic diversification of natural populations of clonal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Van den Wyngaert S, Gsell AS, Spaak P, Ibelings BW. Herbicides in the environment alter infection dynamics in a microbial host-parasite system. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:837-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena S. Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology; Droevendaalsesteeg 10; 6708 PB; Wageningen; The Netherlands
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16
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Gsell AS, de Senerpont Domis LN, Przytulska-Bartosiewicz A, Mooij WM, van Donk E, Ibelings BW. GENOTYPE-BY-TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS MAY HELP TO MAINTAIN CLONAL DIVERSITY IN ASTERIONELLA FORMOSA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE). J Phycol 2012; 48:1197-1208. [PMID: 27011279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine and freshwater phytoplankton populations often show large clonal diversity, which is in disagreement with clonal selection of the most vigorous genotype(s). Temporal fluctuation in selection pressures in variable environments is a leading explanation for maintenance of such genetic diversity. To test the influence of temperature as a selection force in continually (seasonally) changing aquatic systems we carried out reaction norms experiments on co-occurring clonal genotypes of a ubiquitous diatom species, Asterionella formosa Hassall, across an environmentally relevant range of temperatures. We report within population genetic diversity and extensive diversity in genotype-specific reaction norms in growth rates and cell size traits. Our results showed genotype by environment interactions, indicating that no genotype could outgrow all others across all temperature environments. Subsequently, we constructed a model to simulate the relative proportion of each genotype in a hypothetical population based on genotype and temperature-specific population growth rates. This model was run with different seasonal temperature patterns. Our modeling exercise showed a succession of two to several genotypes becoming numerically dominant depending on the underlying temperature pattern. The results suggest that (temperature) context dependent fitness may contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity in isolated populations of clonally reproducing microorganisms in temporally variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wolf M Mooij
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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