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Russano M, La Cava G, Cortellini A, Citarella F, Galletti A, Di Fazio GR, Santo V, Brunetti L, Vendittelli A, Fioroni I, Pantano F, Tonini G, Vincenzi B. Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Biomarkers. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2366-2387. [PMID: 36826142 PMCID: PMC9955173 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer and improved patients' prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have quickly become standard frontline treatment for metastatic non-oncogene addicted disease, either as a single agent or in combination strategies. However, only a few patients have long-term benefits, and most of them do not respond or develop progressive disease during treatment. Thus, the identification of reliable predictive and prognostic biomarkers remains crucial for patient selection and guiding therapeutic choices. In this review, we provide an overview of the current strategies, highlighting the main clinical challenges and novel potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Russano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06225411252
| | - Giulia La Cava
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Citarella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galletti
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rita Di Fazio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Santo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vendittelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Fioroni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Cantini L, Mentrasti G, Lo Russo G, Signorelli D, Pasello G, Rijavec E, Russano M, Antonuzzo L, Rocco D, Giusti R, Adamo V, Genova C, Tuzi A, Morabito A, Gori S, La Verde N, Chiari R, Cortellini A, Cognigni V, Pecci F, Indini A, De Toma A, Zattarin E, Oresti S, Pizzutilo E, Frega S, Erbetta E, Galletti A, Citarella F, Fancelli S, Caliman E, Della Gravara L, Malapelle U, Filetti M, Piras M, Toscano G, Zullo L, De Tursi M, Di Marino P, D’Emilio V, Cona M, Guida A, Caglio A, Salerno F, Spinelli G, Bennati C, Morgillo F, Russo A, Dellepiane C, Vallini I, Sforza V, Inno A, Rastelli F, Tassi V, Nicolardi L, Pensieri M, Emili R, Roca E, Migliore A, Galassi T, Rocchi M, Berardi R. Erratum to ‘Evaluation of COVID-19 impact on DELAYing diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of lung cancer patients in Italy (COVID-DELAY study): fewer cases and higher stages from a real-world scenario’. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100471. [PMID: 35378403 PMCID: PMC8973259 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Dell'Aquila E, Rossini D, Galletti A, Stellato M, Boccaccino A, Conca V, Germani MM, Bergamo F, Daniel F, Spagnoletti A, Provenzano L, Tomasello G, Zaniboni A, Buonadonna A, Fanchini L, Cupini S, Carlomagno C, Caponnetto S, Rapisardi S, Santini D. PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER (mCRC): A POOLED ANALISYS OF TRIBE AND TRIBE-2 STUDIES BY GONO. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2022; 21:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Cantini L, Mentrasti G, Russo GL, Signorelli D, Pasello G, Rijavec E, Russano M, Antonuzzo L, Rocco D, Giusti R, Adamo V, Genova C, Tuzi A, Morabito A, Gori S, Verde NL, Chiari R, Cortellini A, Cognigni V, Pecci F, Indini A, De Toma A, Zattarin E, Oresti S, Pizzutilo EG, Frega S, Erbetta E, Galletti A, Citarella F, Fancelli S, Caliman E, Della Gravara L, Malapelle U, Filetti M, Piras M, Toscano G, Zullo L, De Tursi M, Di Marino P, D'Emilio V, Cona MS, Guida A, Caglio A, Salerno F, Spinelli G, Bennati C, Morgillo F, Russo A, Dellepiane C, Vallini I, Sforza V, Inno A, Rastelli F, Tassi V, Nicolardi L, Pensieri V, Emili R, Roca E, Migliore A, Galassi T, Rocchi MLB, Berardi R. Evaluation of COVID-19 impact on DELAYing diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of lung cancer patients in Italy (COVID-DELAY study): fewer cases and higher stages from a real-world scenario. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100406. [PMID: 35219245 PMCID: PMC8810307 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has disrupted the global health care system since March 2020. Lung cancer (LC) patients (pts) represent a vulnerable population highly affected by the pandemic. This multicenter Italian study aimed to evaluate whether the COVID-19 outbreak had an impact on access to cancer diagnosis and treatment of LC pts compared with pre-pandemic time. Methods Consecutive newly diagnosed LC pts referred to 25 Italian Oncology Departments between March and December 2020 were included. Access rate and temporal intervals between date of symptoms onset and diagnostic and therapeutic services were compared with the same period in 2019. Differences between the 2 years were analyzed using the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. Results A slight reduction (−6.9%) in newly diagnosed LC cases was observed in 2020 compared with 2019 (1523 versus 1637, P = 0.09). Newly diagnosed LC pts in 2020 were more likely to be diagnosed with stage IV disease (P < 0.01) and to be current smokers (someone who has smoked more than 100 cigarettes, including hand-rolled cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, in their lifetime and has smoked in the last 28 days) (P < 0.01). The drop in terms of new diagnoses was greater in the lockdown period (percentage drop −12% versus −3.2%) compared with the other months included. More LC pts were referred to a low/medium volume hospital in 2020 compared with 2019 (P = 0.01). No differences emerged in terms of interval between symptoms onset and radiological diagnosis (P = 0.94), symptoms onset and cytohistological diagnosis (P = 0.92), symptoms onset and treatment start (P = 0.40), and treatment start and first radiological revaluation (P = 0.36). Conclusions Our study pointed out a reduction of new diagnoses with a shift towards higher stage at diagnosis for LC pts in 2020. Despite this, the measures adopted by Italian Oncology Departments ensured the maintenance of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of LC pts. The COVID-19 outbreak had an impact on access to lung cancer (LC) diagnosis and treatment. A slight reduction (−6.9%) in newly diagnosed LC cases was observed in 2020 compared with 2019. Newly diagnosed LC pts in 2020 were more likely to be diagnosed with stage IV disease. The Italian Oncology Departments ensured the maintenance of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of LC pts. A reverse migration from high-volume to low-volume cancer centers was noted during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy. https://twitter.com/LucaCantiniMD
| | - G Mentrasti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - G L Russo
- Oncologia Medica 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Signorelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - E Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Russano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - D Rocco
- Department of Pulmonology and Oncology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - R Giusti
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - V Adamo
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.Papardo & Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Genova
- UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Tuzi
- Oncologia Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - A Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - S Gori
- UOC Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - N La Verde
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - R Chiari
- Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud, Monselice, Italy
| | - A Cortellini
- Medical Oncology, St Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V Cognigni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Pecci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Indini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A De Toma
- Oncologia Medica 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Zattarin
- Oncologia Medica 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Oresti
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E G Pizzutilo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Frega
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - E Erbetta
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - A Galletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Citarella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Fancelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - E Caliman
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Della Gravara
- Dipartment of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - U Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Filetti
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M Piras
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Toscano
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - L Zullo
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M De Tursi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Di Marino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V D'Emilio
- UOC Pneumologia, Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - M S Cona
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - A Guida
- Oncologia Medica e Traslazionale, AO Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - A Caglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - F Salerno
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- UOC Territorial Oncology, University "Sapienza", AUSL Latina, Cds Aprilia, Aprilia, Italy
| | - C Bennati
- Department of Onco-Hematology, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - F Morgillo
- UOC Oncologia ed Ematologia, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - A Russo
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - C Dellepiane
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Vallini
- Oncologia Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - V Sforza
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - A Inno
- UOC Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - F Rastelli
- UOC Oncologia, Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - V Tassi
- Chirurgia Toracica, AO Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - L Nicolardi
- Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud, Monselice, Italy
| | - V Pensieri
- Medical Oncology, St Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Emili
- Operative Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro, Italy
| | - E Roca
- Thoracic Oncology - Lung Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera Del Garda, Italy
| | - A Migliore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - T Galassi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - M L Bruno Rocchi
- Biomolecular Sciences Department, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - R Berardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
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Citarella F, Russano M, Galletti A, Vincenzi B, Tonini G, Santini D. Multiple and Concomitant Molecular Findings in a Heavily Treated Patient With EGFR-positive Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2020; 22:e137-e138. [PMID: 33028500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Citarella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Russano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Chianese E, Galletti A, Giunta G, Landi T, Marcellino L, Montella R, Riccio A. Spatiotemporally resolved ambient particulate matter concentration by fusing observational data and ensemble chemical transport model simulations. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rodeghiero F, Castaman GC, Peruffo ADB, Dini E, Galletti A, Barone E, Gastaldi G. Fibrinogen Vicenza and Genova II: Two New Cases of Congenital Dysfibrinogenemia with Isolated Defect of Fibrin Monomer Polymerization and Inhibitory Activity on Normal Coagulation. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTwo new cases of congenital dysfibrinogenemia are presented in which defective fibrin monomer polymerization and inhibitory activity on normal coagulation were observed. They have been tentatively called fibrinogen Vicenza and Genova II. The first was discovered in a family with mild bleeding diathesis, the second in an asymptomatic family. In almost all reported cases of fibrinogens with defective fibrin monomer polymerization, additional functional or structural defects have been detected. In our cases, on the contrary, detailed investigations failed to show any other abnormality. Fibrinogen Genova II is apparently identical to fibrinogen Baltimore IV, whereas fibrinogen Vicenza is similar to fibrinogen Tloyes and Genovz I, but also exerts an evident inhibitory activity on normal coagulation and differs from fibrinogen Genova II and Baltimore IV showing a different kinetic pattern of fibrin monomer polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodeghiero
- The Department of Hematology, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - G C Castaman
- The Department of Hematology, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - A Dal Belin Peruffo
- The Department of Hematology, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - E Dini
- The Department of Hematology, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - A Galletti
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ospedali Riuniti "Galliera", Genova, Italy
| | - E Barone
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ospedali Riuniti "Galliera", Genova, Italy
| | - G Gastaldi
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ospedali Riuniti "Galliera", Genova, Italy
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Bene GD, Prelaj A, Berrios JG, Filippis LD, Emiliani A, Galletti A, Ferrara C, Longo F. 94P: First-line treatment with cisplatin plus etoposide for small cell lung cancer and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: Our center experience. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(16)30207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Verlicchi P, Galletti A, Petrovic M, Barceló D, Al Aukidy M, Zambello E. Removal of selected pharmaceuticals from domestic wastewater in an activated sludge system followed by a horizontal subsurface flow bed - analysis of their respective contributions. Sci Total Environ 2013; 454-455:411-25. [PMID: 23563255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-three commonly administered pharmaceuticals from twelve different therapeutic classes were investigated at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in northern Italy featuring a conventional activated sludge system (full-scale) and a polishing horizontal subsurface flow bed (pilot plant). Removal of these micro-pollutants by the two systems was assessed in order to evaluate their respective contributions. Mean concentrations and standard deviations were calculated and found to differ for the compounds detected, ranging from few ng/L to over 1,165 ng/L in the secondary effluent and from 11 to 533 in the polished effluent. Eighteen compounds were consistently below the detection limit and the remaining 55 compounds were found at a minimum of one sampling point. Average removal efficiencies of both treatment steps and in treatment train as a whole are evaluated and discussed, highlighting the difficulties in predicting the fate of pharmaceuticals in both an activated sludge system and a horizontal subsurface flow bed. Comparison between the observed average removal efficiencies and those reported in the literature was also carried out for the pharmaceuticals of interest, and the discrepancies that emerged are discussed. The investigated constructed wetland did show efficacy in removing some of these compounds, and it contributed to the overall removal efficiency of each therapeutic class. Indeed, evaluation of the specific mass loadings of each class of PhC detected in the raw wastewaters, secondary and polished effluent evidences that the investigated constructed wetland is able to further reduce the load of micropollutants, which could become a necessity, especially where the receiving water body is an effluent-dominant river and mitigation measures of the discharge impact are required to protect and safeguard the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verlicchi
- Dept. of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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Cardillo-Piccolino F, Ghiglione D, Santini G, Queirolo MA, Cambiaggi A, Novella L, Menci E, Rivara A, Porta A, Satragno L, Vittone P, Galletti A, Barone A. Treatment of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with a Peptide Fraction from Bovine Factor VIII. Clin Drug Investig 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03258371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verlicchi P, Al Aukidy M, Galletti A, Petrovic M, Barceló D. Hospital effluent: investigation of the concentrations and distribution of pharmaceuticals and environmental risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2012; 430:109-18. [PMID: 22634557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted in an area in north, Italy, on the effluent of two different sized hospitals and the influent and effluent of the receiving municipal treatment plant of one of the examined hospitals. The aim was to investigate 73 selected pharmaceuticals, belonging to twelve different classes, comparing their occurrence in the effluent directly exiting the hospital with that, mixed with the local urban effluent, at the point of its entry and exit from the treatment plant. Consistent differences were found in the concentrations of some antibiotics, analgesics and lipid regulators in the two wastewaters, confirming that hospital effluents should not be considered as possessing the same pollutant nature as urban wastewater. Furthermore, analysis of percentage contributions of the hospital to the treatment plant influent evidences that hospitals represent one of the main sources of pollutants, in particular antibiotics, receptor antagonists and lipid regulators. Hence, an environmental risk assessment, performed on the effluent from the hospital and the influent and effluent from the treatment plant, revealed a high risk for 9 pharmaceuticals in hospital effluent and for 4 of the 9 substances in the treatment plant influent and effluent, with antibiotics being the most critical compounds in terms of contribution and potential environmental risk for the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verlicchi
- Dept. of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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Villanacci V, Bassotti G, Ortensi B, Fisogni S, Cathomas G, Maurer CA, Galletti A, Salerni B, Pelicci G. Expression of the Rai (Shc C) adaptor protein in the human enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:206-12. [PMID: 17919311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Rai (ShcC/N-Shc) is almost exclusively present in the nervous system, although little is documented about its expression in the gut and the enteric nervous system (ENS). As Rai is a physiological substrate of Ret, an important factor for the development of ENS, we have evaluated the expression of Rai in the ENS in various segments of the human gastrointestinal tract. The expression of Rai was assessed by immunohistochemistry in disease-free human gut samples (oesophagus, stomach, small bowel and colon) obtained from subjects undergoing surgical procedures. Rai was not expressed in the epithelia or lymphoid tissue, whereas a moderate level of expression was observed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and on the outer membrane of smooth muscle cells in both the muscularis mucosae and the muscularis propria. In the ENS, strong positivity was observed only in enteric glial cells, overlapping with GFAP and S100. In conclusion, Rai is expressed in the human gut, especially in the enteric glial cells. We conclude that Rai may provide an additional marker for this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Villanacci
- II Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Villanacci V, Rossi E, Zambelli C, Galletti A, Cestari R, Missale G, Casa DD, Bassotti G. COX-2, CDX2, and CDC2 immunohistochemical assessment for dysplasia-carcinoma progression in Barrett's esophagus. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39:305-11. [PMID: 17307036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemical changes associated with development of cancer in Barrett's esophagus offer potential areas of intervention to prevent and manage esophageal cancer. AIMS To assess the role of cyclooxygenase 2, caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 and cell division cycle 2/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 in the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Specimens from 46 patients with Barrett's esophagus (39% without dysplasia, 33% with dysplasia and 28% with adenocarcinoma) were stained for cyclooxygenase 2, caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 and cell division cycle 2. RESULTS Cyclooxygenase 2: No expression differences between groups were found, except for adenocarcinomas (p=0.04). Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2: Nuclear positivity decreased from Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia (71.6%), to Barrett's esophagus with low grade dysplasia (35.3%), to Barrett's esophagus with high grade dysplasia (17.14%); in adenocarcinoma these percentages were intermediate between high and low grade dysplasia (30.5%). Cell division cycle 2: Expression on deeper glandular structures was 40% in Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia, 55.47% in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia, and 63.84% in adenocarcinoma, with no statistical differences between groups. Concerning cells of the superficial layer, Barrett's esophagus with low grade dysplasia expressed focal positivity (p=0.0001 vs. no dysplasia); Barrett's esophagus with high grade dysplasia displayed diffuse positivity (p=0.0001 vs. no dysplasia and low grade dysplasia). A diffuse positivity was found in Barrett's esophagus with adenocarcinoma (p=0.0001 vs. no dysplasia and low grade dysplasia). CONCLUSIONS Further evaluation of cyclooxygenase 2, cell division cycle 2 and caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2, in association with morphology, might help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and be useful for the clinical-pathological assessment of patients with Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Villanacci
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Italy.
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15
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Conti S, Farchi G, Galletti A, Rezza G, Prati S. [AIDS as a problem of great relevance for women's health]. Epidemiol Prev 1996; 20:133-5. [PMID: 8766299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Conti
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma
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16
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Lattere M, Facco F, Chiossi M, De Santis L, Galletti A, Magnani M, Raspino M, Renna S, Tarateta A, Rosati U. [The activities of a pediatric emergency department. The emergency problems]. Minerva Pediatr 1992; 44:279-84. [PMID: 1635528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors reviewed records of admission at the Fist Ais-Emergency Service of "G. Gaslini" Children's Hospital, data referring both to in and outpatients. First of all we took into account epidemiological data analysing occurrence and types of diseases; at the same time a demographic study, which aimed to show a decrease in the child population in Genova, was performed. Secondly we compared these data with the real number of admitted patients: collected data showed that this service has been used excessively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lattere
- Servizio di Pronto Soccorso Medico, Istituto Scientifico Giannina Gaslini, Genova
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17
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De Santis L, Lattere M, Galletti A, Chiossi M, Rosati U, Tarateta A, Taccone A. [Cerebral gigantism or Sotos' syndrome]. Minerva Pediatr 1989; 41:215-9. [PMID: 2671627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes a case of Sotos syndrome and reviews the world literature on the subject. Inheritance may be dominant autosomal as well as recessive, although the latter is quite rare. The pathophysiology is not well known but a common underlying basis between various syndromes (Sotos; Beckwith-Wiedemann; Klippel-Trenaunay) is hypothesised.
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18
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De Santis L, Tasso L, Galletti A, Reboa E, Tarateta A, Lattere M, Rosati U. [Accidental ingestion of caustics in childhood. Therapeutic proposals]. Minerva Pediatr 1988; 40:389-94. [PMID: 3205218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Ariza J, López L, Matos MI, Galletti A, Silva J. [The appearance of menarche in girls from private high schools in San Juan]. Bol Asoc Med P R 1987; 79:493-6. [PMID: 3440044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Galletti A, De Santis L, Tarateta A, Reboa E, Lattere M, Rosati U, Tasso L, Chiossi M, Rennà S. [Alcoholic intoxication in a pediatric case series]. Minerva Pediatr 1987; 39:853-6. [PMID: 3437876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Rodeghiero F, Castaman GC, Dal Belin Peruffo A, Dini E, Galletti A, Barone E, Gastaldi G. Fibrinogen Vicenza and Genova II: two new cases of congenital dysfibrinogenemia with isolated defect of fibrin monomer polymerization and inhibitory activity on normal coagulation. Thromb Haemost 1987; 57:252-8. [PMID: 2958952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new cases of congenital dysfibrinogenemia are presented in which defective fibrin monomer polymerization and inhibitory activity on normal coagulation were observed. They have been tentatively called fibrinogen Vicenza and Genova II. The first was discovered in a family with mild bleeding diathesis, the second in an asymptomatic family. In almost all reported cases of fibrinogens with defective fibrin monomer polymerization, additional functional or structural defects have been detected. In our cases, on the contrary, detailed investigations failed to show any other abnormality. Fibrinogen Genova II is apparently identical to fibrinogen Baltimore IV, whereas fibrinogen Vicenza is similar to fibrinogen Troyes and Genova I, but also exerts an evident inhibitory activity on normal coagulation and differs from fibrinogen Genova II and Baltimore IV showing a different kinetic pattern of fibrin monomer polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodeghiero
- Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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22
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Buffoni L, Chiossi M, De Santis L, Galletti A, Lattere M, Pesce F, Reboa E, Renna S, Rosati U, Tarateta A. [Childhood poisoning by deadly poisonous Amanita ]. Minerva Pediatr 1986; 38:1155-79. [PMID: 3550410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Tarateta A, De Santis L, Tasso L, Casari EF, Galletti A, Lattere M, Pesce F, Reboa E, Rosati U, Chiossi MG. [Voluntary poisoning in children in a 16-year case load]. Minerva Pediatr 1986; 38:717-25. [PMID: 3796530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Guarino M, Tarateta A, Di Stefano A, Reboa E, Galletti A, De Santis L. [Initial findings on mitochondrial cytopathy in hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis. Ultrastructure study]. Minerva Pediatr 1984; 36:673-9. [PMID: 6503895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Reboa E, Galletti A, De Santis L, Tarateta A, Trebino W. [Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of bronchial asthma in childhood]. Minerva Pediatr 1983; 35:1137-44. [PMID: 6672602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Galletti A, Barone E, Gastaldi G, Rasore Quartino A. A case of congenital afibrinogenemia. Study of a new family. Ric Clin Lab 1983; 13:269-74. [PMID: 6622930 DOI: 10.1007/bf02904841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A case of congenital afibrinogenemia is described. In the family studied, the defect is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The possible heterogeneity of congenital afibrinogenemia is discussed.
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Tarateta A, Tassone F, Tarantino V, Trebino W, Reboa E, Galletti A, De Santis L. [Bifid epiglottis in a subject with multiple malformations. Case report]. Minerva Pediatr 1983; 35:235-40. [PMID: 6855723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Tarateta A, Galletti A. [Diphenoxylate and atropine poisoning. 4 clinical cases]. Minerva Pediatr 1983; 35:177-80. [PMID: 6855717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Buffoni L, Reboa E, Galletti A, De Santis L, Tarateta A. Epidemiological aspects of poisoning in children observed over a 10-year period. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 1981; 18:1149-56. [PMID: 7341042 DOI: 10.3109/00099308109035054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During 10 years of activity at our Service, we collected 1867 cases of poisoning in children. Our observations concern only subjects hospitalized at our Institute and do not include phone call consultations. Our experience confirmed a higher number of poisonings among males. As far as age was concerned, the highest percentage of cases involved children under five, with a peak between 2 and 3 years of age. A fairly high incidence (8%) of "passive" poisonings was found in infants in their first year of life as a consequence of mistakes by the mother or other people taking care of the child. Voluntary poisonings, occurring in children aged 9 or more, often involved females and accounted for 2.1% of the total. Drugs are the main cause of poisoning in children, followed by household products and by a group of different substances (spoiled foods, nonedible mushrooms, alcoholic beverages). The lowest number of poisonings occurred on Sundays. The time of the day when most accidental poisonings occurred ranged from 10:00 AM to 12:00 noon and from 6:00 to 8:00 PM. Most poisonings took place in the kitchen. The colors preferred by children are white and pink.
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Gastaldi G, Rasore-Quartino A, Galletti A, Campanella A, Barone E, Mannucci PM. Coexistence of haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease in the same kindred. Scand J Haematol 1978; 20:423-8. [PMID: 307271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A clinical and laboratory investigation of a kindred in which haemophilia A and autosomal recessive von Willebrand's disease (VWD) were concomitantly present is described. 3 male patients were shown to be hemizygotes for moderate haemophilia A, one female appeared to be haemophilia A carrier and 3 males showed laboratory findings consistent with heterozygosity for autosomal recessive VWD. In one woman, the pedigree and laboratory findings suggest the possibility of double heterozygosity.
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31
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Reboa E, Galletti A, Tarateta A, Soliani M. [Acute orphenadrine poisoning in childhood. Case contribution]. Minerva Pediatr 1978; 30:167-72. [PMID: 642883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Girolami A, Gastaldi G, Patrassi G, Galletti A. Combined congenital deficiency of factor V and factor VIII. Report of a further case with some considerations on the hetereditary transmission of this disorder. Acta Haematol 1976; 55:234-43. [PMID: 816163 DOI: 10.1159/000208020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A patient with combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency is presented. The bleeding manifestations were mild. The main laboratory feature was a prolonged partial thromboplastin time which was corrected by the addition of adsorbed normal plasma but not by the addition of normal serum, hemophilia A plasma or plasma of another patient with combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency. TGT was also clearly abnormal and was corrected by the addition of adsorbed normal plasma but not by the addition of normal serum. Prothrombin consumption was mildly defective. The prothrombin time was slightly prolonged. Facotr VIII was 12% and factor V 55% of normal. Factor-VIII-associated antigen was normal. The father and a sister of the propositus revealed mild factor V deficiency but normal factor VIII activity and antigen. The parents were not consanguineous. A tentative classification of combined deficiency of factors V and VIII in two groups is proposed. The hereditary transmission of the two types of deficiencies is discussed.
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Gastaldi G, Avanzi G, Saccon C, Galletti A. [Factor VIII inhibitor in a patient with mild haemophilia A (author's transl)]. Haematologica 1975; 60:477-84. [PMID: 816717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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34
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Reboa E, Dodero P, De Santis L, Galletti A. [Sacro-coccygeal teratoma with exclusive pelvi-abdominal development. Description of a case]. Minerva Pediatr 1975; 27:1105-12. [PMID: 1134468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Buffoni L, Galletti A, De Santis L. [Gentamicin, a broad spectrum antibiotic, in bacterial diseases of the respiratory system in children]. G Ital Chemioter 1975; 22:87-94. [PMID: 1235359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Gastaldi G, Lanza GC, Galletti A, Ciampelletti A. [Evaluation of a fully automatic platelet counting technique on whole blood (author's transl)]. Haematologica 1974; 59:181-97. [PMID: 4216530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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37
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Galletti A, Buffoni L. [Passive poisonings of young children by erroneous or careless administration]. Minerva Pediatr 1971; 23:1324-6. [PMID: 5124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Rasore-Quartino A, Galletti A. [Blood group (ABO) and chromosome mosaicism in an old man with bladder cancer]. Pathologica 1971; 63:37-41. [PMID: 5142970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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39
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Merlini M, Galletti A. [Cortisone in various pediatric diseases]. Minerva Pediatr 1969; 21:2088-9. [PMID: 5405649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Merlini M, Vallarino G, Galletti A. [Long-term outcomes of viral hepatitis; considerations on 49 cases in the acute phase with follow-up of more than 1 year]. G Mal Infett Parassit 1968; 20:671-674. [PMID: 5757962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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