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Plank JR, Morgan CA, Smith AK, Sundram F, Hoeh NR, Muthukumaraswamy S, Lin JC. Detection of Neuroinflammation Induced by Typhoid Vaccine Using Quantitative Magnetization Transfer MR: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1683-1694. [PMID: 37540052 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders is not well-elucidated. A noninvasive technique sensitive to low-level neuroinflammation may improve understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions. PURPOSE To test the ability of quantitative magnetization transfer (QMT) MR at 3 T for detection of low-level neuroinflammation induced by typhoid vaccine within a clinically reasonable scan time. STUDY TYPE Randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled. SUBJECTS Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males; median age 34 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Magnetization prepared rapid gradient-echo and MT-weighted 3D fast low-angle shot sequences at 3 T. ASSESSMENT Participants were randomized to either vaccine or placebo first with imaging, then after a washout period received the converse with a second set of imaging. MT imaging, scan time, and blood-based inflammatory marker concentrations were assessed pre- and post-vaccine and placebo. Mood was assessed hourly using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. QMT parameter maps, including the exchange rate from bound to free pool (kba) were generated using a two-pool model and then segmented into tissue type. STATISTICAL TESTS Voxel-wise permutation-based analysis examined inflammatory-related alterations of QMT parameters. The threshold-free cluster enhancement method with family-wise error was used to correct voxel-wise results for multiple comparisons. Region of interest averages were fed into mixed models and Bonferroni corrected. Spearman correlations assessed the relationship between mood scores and QMT parameters. Results were considered significant if corrected P < 0.05. RESULTS Scan time for the MT-weighted acquisition was approximately 11 minutes. Blood-based analysis showed higher IL-6 concentrations post-vaccine compared to post-placebo. Voxel-wise analysis found three clusters indicating an inflammatory-mediated increase in kba in cerebellar white matter. Cerebellar kba for white matter was negatively associated with vigor post-vaccine but not post-placebo. DATA CONCLUSION This study suggested that QMT at 3 T may show some sensitivity to low-level neuroinflammation. Further studies are needed to assess the viability of QMT for use in inflammatory-based disorders. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Plank
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine A Morgan
- Centre for Advanced MRI, Auckland UniServices Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex K Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederick Sundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas R Hoeh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suresh Muthukumaraswamy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne C Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Cobert J, Mills H, Lee A, Gologorskaya O, Espejo E, Jeon SY, Boscardin WJ, Heintz TA, Kennedy CJ, Ashana DC, Chapman AC, Raghunathan K, Smith AK, Lee SJ. Measuring Implicit Bias in ICU Notes Using Word-Embedding Neural Network Models. Chest 2024:S0012-3692(24)00007-2. [PMID: 38199323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language in nonmedical data sets is known to transmit human-like biases when used in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms that can reinforce disparities. It is unclear if NLP algorithms of medical notes could lead to similar transmissions of biases. RESEARCH QUESTION Can we identify implicit bias in clinical notes, and are biases stable across time and geography? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To determine whether different racial and ethnic descriptors are similar contextually to stigmatizing language in ICU notes and whether these relationships are stable across time and geography, we identified notes on critically ill adults admitted to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), from 2012 through 2022 and to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital (BIDMC) from 2001 through 2012. Because word meaning is derived largely from context, we trained unsupervised word-embedding algorithms to measure the similarity (cosine similarity) quantitatively of the context between a racial or ethnic descriptor (eg, African-American) and a stigmatizing target word (eg, nonco-operative) or group of words (violence, passivity, noncompliance, nonadherence). RESULTS In UCSF notes, Black descriptors were less likely to be similar contextually to violent words compared with White descriptors. Contrastingly, in BIDMC notes, Black descriptors were more likely to be similar contextually to violent words compared with White descriptors. The UCSF data set also showed that Black descriptors were more similar contextually to passivity and noncompliance words compared with Latinx descriptors. INTERPRETATION Implicit bias is identifiable in ICU notes. Racial and ethnic group descriptors carry different contextual relationships to stigmatizing words, depending on when and where notes were written. Because NLP models seem able to transmit implicit bias from training data, use of NLP algorithms in clinical prediction could reinforce disparities. Active debiasing strategies may be necessary to achieve algorithmic fairness when using language models in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cobert
- Anesthesia Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Hunter Mills
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Albert Lee
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Oksana Gologorskaya
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Edie Espejo
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sun Young Jeon
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - W John Boscardin
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Timothy A Heintz
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Deepshikha C Ashana
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Allyson Cook Chapman
- Department of Medicine, the Division of Critical Care and Palliative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Alex K Smith
- Department of Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sei J Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Knight AK, Hipp HS, Abhari S, Gerkowicz SA, Katler QS, McKenzie LJ, Shang W, Smith AK, Spencer JB. Markers of ovarian reserve are associated with reproductive age acceleration in granulosa cells from IVF patients. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2438-2445. [PMID: 35944168 PMCID: PMC9527469 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is reproductive aging in granulosa cells associated with markers of ovarian reserve? SUMMARY ANSWER Age acceleration was associated with anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, antral follicle count (AFC), oocyte yield and maturity, and the number of successfully fertilized embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The rate of reproductive aging varies among women of the same age. DNA methylation can be used to predict epigenetic age in a variety of tissues. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a cross-sectional study of 70 women at the time of oocyte retrieval. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The 70 participants were recruited for this study at an academic medical center and they provided follicular fluid samples at the time of oocyte retrieval. Granulosa cells were isolated and assessed on the MethylationEPIC array. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between DNA methylation-based age predictions from granulosa cells and chronological age. Age acceleration was calculated as the residual of regressing DNA methylation-based age on chronological age. Linear regressions were used to determine the associations between age acceleration and markers of ovarian reserve and IVF cycle outcomes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Participants were a mean of 36.7 ± 3.9 years old. In regards to race, 54% were white, 19% were African American and 27% were of another background. Age acceleration was normally distributed and not associated with chronological age. Age acceleration was negatively associated with AMH levels (t = -3.1, P = 0.003) and AFC (t = -4.0, P = 0.0001), such that women with a higher age acceleration had a lower ovarian reserve. Age acceleration was also negatively correlated with the total number of oocytes retrieved (t = -3.9, P = 0.0002), the number of mature oocytes (t = -3.8, P = 0.0003) and the number of fertilized oocytes or two-pronuclear oocytes (t = -2.8, P = 0.008) in the main analysis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study used pooled follicular fluid, which does not allow for the investigation of individual follicles. Infertility patients may also be different from the general population, but, as we used granulosa cells, the participants had to be from an IVF population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study demonstrated that epigenetic age and age acceleration can be calculated from granulosa cells collected at the time of oocyte retrieval. GrimAge most strongly predicted chronological age, and GrimAge acceleration was associated with baseline and cycle characteristics as well as cycle outcomes, which indicates its potential clinical relevance in evaluating both oocyte quantity and quality. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002378) and the Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Program (K12HD085850) to A.K.K. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funding source had no role in any aspect of this study. J.B.S. serves as Vice Chair for the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Education Committee, is a Medical Committee Advisor for the Jewish Fertility Foundation and works with Jscreen. J.B.S. has received funding from Georgia Clinical Translational Research Alliance. H.S.H., J.B.S. and A.K.S. have received NIH funding for other projects. A.K.K., S.A.G., S.G., Q.S.K., L.J.M. and W.S. have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Knight
- Division of Research, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H S Hipp
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Abhari
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Timonium, MD, USA
| | | | - Q S Katler
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L J McKenzie
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Shang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A K Smith
- Division of Research, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J B Spencer
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cohen-Adad J, Alonso-Ortiz E, Abramovic M, Arneitz C, Atcheson N, Barlow L, Barry RL, Barth M, Battiston M, Büchel C, Budde M, Callot V, Combes AJE, De Leener B, Descoteaux M, de Sousa PL, Dostál M, Doyon J, Dvorak A, Eippert F, Epperson KR, Epperson KS, Freund P, Finsterbusch J, Foias A, Fratini M, Fukunaga I, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Germani G, Gilbert G, Giove F, Gros C, Grussu F, Hagiwara A, Henry PG, Horák T, Hori M, Joers J, Kamiya K, Karbasforoushan H, Keřkovský M, Khatibi A, Kim JW, Kinany N, Kitzler HH, Kolind S, Kong Y, Kudlička P, Kuntke P, Kurniawan ND, Kusmia S, Labounek R, Laganà MM, Laule C, Law CS, Lenglet C, Leutritz T, Liu Y, Llufriu S, Mackey S, Martinez-Heras E, Mattera L, Nestrasil I, O'Grady KP, Papinutto N, Papp D, Pareto D, Parrish TB, Pichiecchio A, Prados F, Rovira À, Ruitenberg MJ, Samson RS, Savini G, Seif M, Seifert AC, Smith AK, Smith SA, Smith ZA, Solana E, Suzuki Y, Tackley G, Tinnermann A, Valošek J, Van De Ville D, Yiannakas MC, Weber Ii KA, Weiskopf N, Wise RG, Wyss PO, Xu J. Author Correction: Open-access quantitative MRI data of the spinal cord and reproducibility across participants, sites and manufacturers. Sci Data 2021; 8:251. [PMID: 34556662 PMCID: PMC8460649 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Eva Alonso-Ortiz
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mihael Abramovic
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Carina Arneitz
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Atcheson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura Barlow
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert L Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Barth
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco Battiston
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Virginie Callot
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Anna J E Combes
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Centre de Recherche CHUS, CIMS, Sherbrooke, Canada.,Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Marek Dostál
- UHB - University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adam Dvorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Falk Eippert
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karla R Epperson
- Richard M. Lucas Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S Epperson
- Richard M. Lucas Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Freund
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Finsterbusch
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandru Foias
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Issei Fukunaga
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Germani
- Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Federico Giove
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,CREF - Museo storico della fisica e Centro studi e ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Charley Gros
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francesco Grussu
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Radiomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tomáš Horák
- Multimodal and functional imaging laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kouhei Kamiya
- Department of Radiology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haleh Karbasforoushan
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miloš Keřkovský
- UHB - University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Khatibi
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nawal Kinany
- Institute of Bioengineering/Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hagen H Kitzler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shannon Kolind
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department Of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yazhuo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petr Kudlička
- Multimodal and functional imaging laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Kuntke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Slawomir Kusmia
- CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, University College London, London, UK.,Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - René Labounek
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Cornelia Laule
- Departments of Radiology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Physics & Astronomy; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine S Law
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tobias Leutritz
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean Mackey
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eloy Martinez-Heras
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loan Mattera
- Fondation Campus Biotech Genève, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Igor Nestrasil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin P O'Grady
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nico Papinutto
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Papp
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah Pareto
- Neuroradiology Section, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd B Parrish
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferran Prados
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, University College London, London, UK.,E-health Centre, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Rovira
- Neuroradiology Section, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Samson
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maryam Seif
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alan C Seifert
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex K Smith
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zachary A Smith
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alexandra Tinnermann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Valošek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering/Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marios C Yiannakas
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth A Weber Ii
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard G Wise
- CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.,Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Patrik O Wyss
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Junqian Xu
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Cohen-Adad J, Alonso-Ortiz E, Abramovic M, Arneitz C, Atcheson N, Barlow L, Barry RL, Barth M, Battiston M, Büchel C, Budde M, Callot V, Combes AJE, De Leener B, Descoteaux M, de Sousa PL, Dostál M, Doyon J, Dvorak A, Eippert F, Epperson KR, Epperson KS, Freund P, Finsterbusch J, Foias A, Fratini M, Fukunaga I, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Germani G, Gilbert G, Giove F, Gros C, Grussu F, Hagiwara A, Henry PG, Horák T, Hori M, Joers J, Kamiya K, Karbasforoushan H, Keřkovský M, Khatibi A, Kim JW, Kinany N, Kitzler HH, Kolind S, Kong Y, Kudlička P, Kuntke P, Kurniawan ND, Kusmia S, Labounek R, Laganà MM, Laule C, Law CS, Lenglet C, Leutritz T, Liu Y, Llufriu S, Mackey S, Martinez-Heras E, Mattera L, Nestrasil I, O'Grady KP, Papinutto N, Papp D, Pareto D, Parrish TB, Pichiecchio A, Prados F, Rovira À, Ruitenberg MJ, Samson RS, Savini G, Seif M, Seifert AC, Smith AK, Smith SA, Smith ZA, Solana E, Suzuki Y, Tackley G, Tinnermann A, Valošek J, Van De Ville D, Yiannakas MC, Weber Ii KA, Weiskopf N, Wise RG, Wyss PO, Xu J. Open-access quantitative MRI data of the spinal cord and reproducibility across participants, sites and manufacturers. Sci Data 2021; 8:219. [PMID: 34400655 PMCID: PMC8368310 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In a companion paper by Cohen-Adad et al. we introduce the spine generic quantitative MRI protocol that provides valuable metrics for assessing spinal cord macrostructural and microstructural integrity. This protocol was used to acquire a single subject dataset across 19 centers and a multi-subject dataset across 42 centers (for a total of 260 participants), spanning the three main MRI manufacturers: GE, Philips and Siemens. Both datasets are publicly available via git-annex. Data were analysed using the Spinal Cord Toolbox to produce normative values as well as inter/intra-site and inter/intra-manufacturer statistics. Reproducibility for the spine generic protocol was high across sites and manufacturers, with an average inter-site coefficient of variation of less than 5% for all the metrics. Full documentation and results can be found at https://spine-generic.rtfd.io/ . The datasets and analysis pipeline will help pave the way towards accessible and reproducible quantitative MRI in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Eva Alonso-Ortiz
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mihael Abramovic
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Carina Arneitz
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Atcheson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura Barlow
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert L Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Barth
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco Battiston
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Virginie Callot
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hopital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Anna J E Combes
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Centre de Recherche CHUS, CIMS, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Marek Dostál
- UHB - University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adam Dvorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Falk Eippert
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karla R Epperson
- Richard M. Lucas Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S Epperson
- Richard M. Lucas Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Freund
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Finsterbusch
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandru Foias
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Issei Fukunaga
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Germani
- Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Federico Giove
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- CREF - Museo storico della fisica e Centro studi e ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Charley Gros
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francesco Grussu
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Radiomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tomáš Horák
- Multimodal and functional imaging laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kouhei Kamiya
- Department of Radiology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haleh Karbasforoushan
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miloš Keřkovský
- UHB - University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Khatibi
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nawal Kinany
- Institute of Bioengineering/Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hagen H Kitzler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shannon Kolind
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department Of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yazhuo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petr Kudlička
- Multimodal and functional imaging laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Kuntke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Slawomir Kusmia
- CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, University College London, London, UK
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - René Labounek
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Cornelia Laule
- Departments of Radiology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Physics & Astronomy; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine S Law
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tobias Leutritz
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean Mackey
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eloy Martinez-Heras
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loan Mattera
- Fondation Campus Biotech Genève, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Igor Nestrasil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin P O'Grady
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nico Papinutto
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Papp
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah Pareto
- Neuroradiology Section, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd B Parrish
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferran Prados
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, University College London, London, UK
- E-health Centre, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Rovira
- Neuroradiology Section, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Samson
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maryam Seif
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alan C Seifert
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex K Smith
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zachary A Smith
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alexandra Tinnermann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Valošek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering/Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marios C Yiannakas
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth A Weber Ii
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard G Wise
- CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Patrik O Wyss
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Junqian Xu
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Bayer FM, Bock M, Jezzard P, Smith AK. Unbiased signal equation for quantitative magnetization transfer mapping in balanced steady-state free precession MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:446-456. [PMID: 34331470 PMCID: PMC8951070 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging can be used to quantify the proportion of protons in a voxel attached to macromolecules. Here, we show that the original qMT balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) model is biased due to over‐simplistic assumptions made in its derivation. Theory and Methods We present an improved model for qMT bSSFP, which incorporates finite radiofrequency (RF) pulse effects as well as simultaneous exchange and relaxation. Furthermore, a correction relating to finite RF pulse effects for sinc‐shaped excitations is derived. The new model is compared to the original one in numerical simulations of the Bloch‐McConnell equations and in previously acquired in vivo data. Results Our numerical simulations show that the original signal equation is significantly biased in typical brain tissue structures (by 7%‐20%), whereas the new signal equation outperforms the original one with minimal bias (<1%). It is further shown that the bias of the original model strongly affects the acquired qMT parameters in human brain structures, with differences in the clinically relevant parameter of pool‐size‐ratio of up to 31%. Particularly high biases of the original signal equation are expected in an MS lesion within diseased brain tissue (due to a low T2/T1‐ratio), demanding a more accurate model for clinical applications. Conclusion The improved model for qMT bSSFP is recommended for accurate qMT parameter mapping in healthy and diseased brain tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz M Bayer
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Jezzard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex K Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Allworth MB, Long R, Smith AK, Bergman EL, Hernandez-Jover M. Introduction and elimination of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in a commercial beef herd: a case study. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:596-601. [PMID: 32959363 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Routine Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) monitoring of a commercial beef herd in southern New South Wales over a 10-year period provided an opportunity to assess the impact of the introduction of BVDV on that herd. BVDV antibody testing provided strong evidence that the herd was initially free of BVDV (2009-2011). Testing from 2012 suggested BVDV had been introduced into the herd and this was confirmed in 2015 with the identification of persistently infected (PI) animals. Having become established in the herd, the owners then set out to eliminate BVDV from the herd. Antigen testing aimed at identifying PI animals revealed BVDV was already absent from the herd. Subsequent antibody testing confirmed that the herd was now free from BVDV. Despite the incursion of BVDV in this herd, there was little measurable impact on reproductive performance (pregnancy rates), although suspected increased calf losses from birth to calf marking were reported. This is the first time such self-clearance has been documented as part of a longitudinal study under Australian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Allworth
- Fred Morley Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - R Long
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - A K Smith
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - E L Bergman
- Swans Veterinary Services, Esperance, Western Australia, 6450, Australia
| | - M Hernandez-Jover
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
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Long R, Allworth MB, Smith AK, Hayes L, Hernandez-Jover M. Knowledge, attitudes and management of bovine viral diarrhoea virus among eastern Australian cattle producers: results from a 2013 cross-sectional study. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:429-437. [PMID: 32643274 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically significant disease affecting the Australian cattle industry, with losses stemming from decreased production and reproductive performance and control costs. However, these losses can be difficult to appreciate, particularly in endemic regions. Overall, there is a variable but high herd-level seroprevalence in Australia. Despite a potentially high financial burden of the disease, the onus for control ultimately falls on producers and strategies employed will vary between regions. A cross-sectional study, using a postal survey, was conducted in 2013 to evaluate the BVDV knowledge, attitudes and management practices utilised by Australian cattle producers. A total of 192 producers participated in the study, and results indicate that knowledge and attitudes towards disease risk are variable and can be improved. Producer knowledge of how persistently infected (PI) animals are produced was higher than that of disease outcomes or transmission pathways. Implementation of biosecurity practices was limited, with approximately half of respondents employing quarantine procedures for introduced stock and only 2% indicating they would antigen test introduced stock for BVDV. Approximately a third (36%) of producers reported engaging in BVDV control, with the majority of these using vaccination strategies over deliberate exposure to a PI. Knowledge of and engagement with BVDV control was positively influenced by the producer relationships with veterinarians. Findings from this study suggest that building on education and delivering a consistent message among stakeholders would likely improve producer awareness and understanding in relation to BVDV and support decision making in BVDV management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Long
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - M B Allworth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - A K Smith
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, Attwood, Victoria, 3049, Australia
| | - L Hayes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - M Hernandez-Jover
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
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9
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Smith AK, Ray KJ, Larkin JR, Craig M, Smith SA, Chappell MA. Does the magnetization transfer effect bias chemical exchange saturation transfer effects? Quantifying chemical exchange saturation transfer in the presence of magnetization transfer. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1359-1375. [PMID: 32072677 PMCID: PMC7317383 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MRI technique sensitive to the presence of low‐concentration solute protons exchanging with water. However, magnetization transfer (MT) effects also arise when large semisolid molecules interact with water, which biases CEST parameter estimates if quantitative models do not account for macromolecular effects. This study establishes under what conditions this bias is significant and demonstrates how using an appropriate model provides more accurate quantitative CEST measurements. Methods CEST and MT data were acquired in phantoms containing bovine serum albumin and agarose. Several quantitative CEST and MT models were used with the phantom data to demonstrate how underfitting can influence estimates of the CEST effect. CEST and MT data were acquired in healthy volunteers, and a two‐pool model was fit in vivo and in vitro, whereas removing increasing amounts of CEST data to show biases in the CEST analysis also corrupts MT parameter estimates. Results When all significant CEST/MT effects were included, the derived parameter estimates for each CEST/MT pool significantly correlated (P < .05) with bovine serum albumin/agarose concentration; minimal or negative correlations were found with underfitted data. Additionally, a bootstrap analysis demonstrated that significant biases occur in MT parameter estimates (P < .001) when unmodeled CEST data are included in the analysis. Conclusions These results indicate that current practices of simultaneously fitting both CEST and MT effects in model‐based analyses can lead to significant bias in all parameter estimates unless a sufficiently detailed model is utilized. Therefore, care must be taken when quantifying CEST and MT effects in vivo by properly modeling data to minimize these biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Ray
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Craig
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Maddox SA, Kilaru V, Shin J, Jovanovic T, Almli LM, Dias BG, Norrholm SD, Fani N, Michopoulos V, Ding Z, Conneely KN, Binder EB, Ressler KJ, Smith AK. Estrogen-dependent association of HDAC4 with fear in female mice and women with PTSD. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:658-665. [PMID: 28093566 PMCID: PMC5513798 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Women are at increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event. Recent studies suggest that this may be mediated, in part, by circulating estrogen levels. This study evaluated the hypothesis that individual variation in response to estrogen levels contributes to fear regulation and PTSD risk in women. We evaluated DNA methylation from blood of female participants in the Grady Trauma Project and found that serum estradiol levels associates with DNA methylation across the genome. For genes expressed in blood, we examined the association between each CpG site and PTSD diagnosis using linear models that adjusted for cell proportions and age. After multiple test correction, PTSD associated with methylation of CpG sites in the HDAC4 gene, which encodes histone deacetylase 4, and is involved in long-term memory formation and behavior. DNA methylation of HDAC4 CpG sites were tagged by a nearby single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs7570903), which also associated with HDAC4 expression, fear-potentiated startle and resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala in traumatized humans. Using auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning in a rodent model, we examined the regulation of Hdac4 in the amygdala of ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Hdac4 messenger RNA levels were higher in the amygdala 2 h after tone-shock presentations, compared with OVX-homecage control females. In naturally cycling females, tone-shock presentations increased Hdac4 expression relative to homecage controls for metestrous (low estrogen) but not the proestrous (high estrogen) group. Together, these results support an estrogenic influence of HDAC4 regulation and expression that may contribute to PTSD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Maddox
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - V Kilaru
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Shin
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging (CABI), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L M Almli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B G Dias
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S D Norrholm
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Fani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - V Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Z Ding
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E B Binder
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - K J Ressler
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Suite 4217, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. E-mail:
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11
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Mehta D, Bruenig D, Carrillo-Roa T, Lawford B, Harvey W, Morris CP, Smith AK, Binder EB, Young RM, Voisey J. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis in combat veterans reveals a novel locus for PTSD. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:493-505. [PMID: 28795405 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may play a key role in the aetiology and serve as biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We performed a genomewide analysis to identify genes whose DNA methylation levels are associated with PTSD. METHOD A total of 211 individuals comprising Australian male Vietnam War veterans (n = 96) and males from a general population belonging to the Grady Trauma Project (n = 115) were included. Genomewide DNA methylation was performed from peripheral blood using the Illumina arrays. Data analysis was performed using generalized linear regression models. RESULTS Differential DNA methylation of 17 previously reported PTSD candidate genes was associated with PTSD symptom severity. Genomewide analyses revealed CpG sites spanning BRSK1, LCN8, NFG and DOCK2 genes were associated with PTSD symptom severity. We replicated the findings of DOCK2 in an independent cohort. Pathway analysis revealed that among the associated genes, genes within actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion molecular pathways were enriched. CONCLUSION These data highlight the role of DNA methylation as biomarkers of PTSD. The results support the role of previous candidates and uncover novel genes associated with PTSD, such as DOCK2. This study contributes to our understanding of the biological underpinnings of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - D Bruenig
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - T Carrillo-Roa
- Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - B Lawford
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - W Harvey
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - C P Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - A K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E B Binder
- Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Voisey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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12
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Harrigan RL, Smith AK, Lyttle B, Box B, Landman BA, Bagnato F, Pawate S, Smith SA. Quantitative characterization of optic nerve atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2017; 3:2055217317730097. [PMID: 28932410 PMCID: PMC5600307 DOI: 10.1177/2055217317730097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most common presentations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the optic nerves is challenging because of retrobulbar motion, orbital fat and susceptibility artifacts from maxillary sinuses; therefore, axonal loss is investigated with the surrogate measure of a single heuristically defined point along the nerve as opposed to volumetric investigation. Objective The objective of this paper is to derive optic nerve volumetrics along the entire nerve length in patients with MS and healthy controls in vivo using high-resolution, clinically viable MRI. Methods An advanced, isotropic T2-weighted turbo spin echo MRI was applied to 29 MS patients with (14 patients ON+) or without (15 patients ON–) history of ON and 42 healthy volunteers. An automated tool was used to estimate and compare whole optic nerve and surrounding cerebrospinal fluid radii along the length of the nerve. Results and conclusion Only ON+ MS patients had a significantly reduced optic nerve radius compared to healthy controls in the central segment of the optic nerve. Using clinically available MRI methods, we show and quantify ON volume loss for the first time in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex K Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Bailey Lyttle
- Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Bailey Box
- Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
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13
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Sengupta S, Smith DS, Smith AK, Welch EB, Smith SA. Dynamic Imaging of the Eye, Optic Nerve, and Extraocular Muscles With Golden Angle Radial MRI. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4390–4398. [PMID: 28813574 PMCID: PMC5559179 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The eye and its accessory structures, the optic nerve and the extraocular muscles, form a complex dynamic system. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this system in motion can have substantial benefits in understanding oculomotor functioning in health and disease, but has been restricted to date to imaging of static gazes only. The purpose of this work was to develop a technique to image the eye and its accessory visual structures in motion. Methods Dynamic imaging of the eye was developed on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner, based on a golden angle radial sequence that allows freely selectable frame-rate and temporal-span image reconstructions from the same acquired data set. Retrospective image reconstructions at a chosen frame rate of 57 ms per image yielded high-quality in vivo movies of various eye motion tasks performed in the scanner. Motion analysis was performed for a left-right version task where motion paths, lengths, and strains/globe angle of the medial and lateral extraocular muscles and the optic nerves were estimated. Results Offline image reconstructions resulted in dynamic images of bilateral visual structures of healthy adults in only ∼15-s imaging time. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the motion enabled estimation of trajectories, lengths, and strains on the optic nerves and extraocular muscles at very high frame rates of ∼18 frames/s. Conclusions This work presents an MRI technique that enables high-frame-rate dynamic imaging of the eyes and orbital structures. The presented sequence has the potential to be used in furthering the understanding of oculomotor mechanics in vivo, both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Sengupta
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - David S Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alex K Smith
- The Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Brian Welch
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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14
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Smith AK, By S, Lyttle BD, Dortch RD, Box BA, Mckeithan LJ, Thukral S, Bagnato F, Pawate S, Smith SA. Evaluating single-point quantitative magnetization transfer in the cervical spinal cord: Application to multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 16:58-65. [PMID: 28761809 PMCID: PMC5521031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord (SC) damage is linked to clinical deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), however, conventional MRI methods are not specific to the underlying macromolecular tissue changes that may precede overt lesion detection. Single-point quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) is a method that can provide high-resolution indices sensitive to underlying macromolecular composition in a clinically feasible scan time by reducing the number of MT-weighted acquisitions and utilizing a two-pool model constrained by empirically determined constants. As the single-point qMT method relies on a priori constraints, it has not been employed extensively in patients, where these constraints may vary, and thus, the biases inherent in this model have not been evaluated in a patient cohort. We, therefore, addressed the potential biases in the single point qMT model by acquiring qMT measurements in the cervical SC in patient and control cohorts and evaluated the differences between the control and patient-derived qMT constraints (kmf, T2fR1f, and T2m) for the single point model. We determined that the macromolecular to free pool size ratio (PSR) differences between the control and patient-derived constraints are not significant (p > 0.149 in all cases). Additionally, the derived PSR for each cohort was compared, and we reported that the white matter PSR in healthy volunteers is significantly different from lesions (p < 0.005) and normal appearing white matter (p < 0.02) in all cases. The single point qMT method is thus a valuable method to quantitatively estimate white matter pathology in MS in a clinically feasible scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samantha By
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bailey D. Lyttle
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard D. Dortch
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bailey A. Box
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lydia J. Mckeithan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Saakshi Thukral
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Merrol Hyde Magnet School, Hendersonville, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Bagnato
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Siddharama Pawate
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Merrol Hyde Magnet School, Hendersonville, TN, USA
| | - Seth A. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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By S, Barry RL, Smith AK, Lyttle BD, Box BA, Bagnato FR, Pawate S, Smith SA. Amide proton transfer CEST of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis patients at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:806-814. [PMID: 28474409 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to evaluate pathological changes in the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis (MS) is limited because T1 - and T2 -w MRI imaging are not sensitive to biochemical changes in vivo. Amide proton transfer (APT) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) can indirectly detect amide protons associated with proteins and peptides, potentially providing more pathological specificity. Here, we implement APT CEST in the cervical spinal cord of healthy and MS cohorts at 3T. METHODS APT CEST of the cervical spinal cord was obtained in a cohort of 10 controls and 10 MS patients using a novel respiratory correction methodology. APT was quantified using two methods: 1) APTw , based off the conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, and 2) ΔAPT, a spatial characterization of APT changes in MS patients relative to the controls. RESULTS Respiratory correction yielded highly reproducible z-spectra in white matter (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82). APTw signals in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients were significantly different from healthy controls (P = 0.04), whereas ΔAPT of MS patients highlighted large APT differences in NAWM. CONCLUSION Respiration correction in the spinal cord is necessary to accurately quantify APT CEST, which can provide unique biochemical information regarding disease processes within the spinal cord. Magn Reson Med 79:806-814, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha By
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert L Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex K Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bailey D Lyttle
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bailey A Box
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Francesca R Bagnato
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Siddharama Pawate
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
The optic nerve (ON) is a vital structure in the human visual system and transports all visual information from the retina to the cortex for higher order processing. Due to the lack of redundancy in the visual pathway, measures of ON damage have been shown to correlate well with visual deficits. These measures are typically taken at an arbitrary anatomically defined point along the nerve and do not characterize changes along the length of the ON. We propose a fully automated, three-dimensionally consistent technique building upon a previous independent slice-wise technique to estimate the radius of the ON and surrounding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on high-resolution heavily T2-weighted isotropic MRI. We show that by constraining results to be three-dimensionally consistent this technique produces more anatomically viable results. We compare this technique with the previously published slice-wise technique using a short-term reproducibility data set, 10 subjects, follow-up <1 month, and show that the new method is more reproducible in the center of the ON. The center of the ON contains the most accurate imaging because it lacks confounders such as motion and frontal lobe interference. Long-term reproducibility, 5 subjects, follow-up of approximately 11 months, is also investigated with this new technique and shown to be similar to short-term reproducibility, indicating that the ON does not change substantially within 11 months. The increased accuracy of this new technique provides increased power when searching for anatomical changes in ON size amongst patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrigan
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Alex K Smith
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235.,Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Louise A Mawn
- Ophthalmology and Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Seth A Smith
- Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235.,Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235.,Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235.,Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235.,Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
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17
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Bleijenberg N, Zuithoff NPA, Smith AK, de Wit NJ, Schuurmans MJ. Disability in the Individual ADL, IADL, and Mobility among Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:897-903. [PMID: 28972242 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the risk of disability in 15 individual ADL, IADL, and mobility in older adults by age; and to assess the association of multimorbidity, gender, and education with disability. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective cohort study. The sample included 805 community-dwelling older people aged 60+ living in the Netherlands. MEASUREMENTS Disability was assessed using the Katz-15 Index of Independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and one mobility item. Disability in any of these activities was defined as the inability to perform the activity without assistance. The risk of disability by age for each individual ADL, IADL, and for mobility was assessed using Generalized mixed models. RESULTS Disability in activities as household tasks, traveling, shopping, and continence had the highest risk and increased rapidly with age. The risk traveling disability among people aged 65 with two comorbidities increase from 9% to 37% at age 85. Disability in using the telephone, managing medications, finances, transferring, and toileting, had a very low risk and hardly increased with age. Compared to those without chronic conditions, those with ≥ 3 chronic conditions had a 3 to 5 times higher risk of developing disability. Males had a higher risk of disability in managing medication (P=0.005), and preparing meals (P=0.019), whereas females had a higher risk of disability with traveling (P=0.001). No association between education and disability on the individual ADL, IADL, and mobility was observed. CONCLUSIONS Older adults were mostly disabled in physical related activities, whereas disability in more cognitive related activities was less often experienced. The impact of multimorbidity on disability in each activity was substantial, while education was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bleijenberg
- Nienke Bleijenberg, RN, PhD. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht Str. 6.131 P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Telephone: +31(0) 88 75 68094; Fax: +31 (088) 75 680 99.
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18
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Trujillo P, Summers PE, Ferrari E, Zucca FA, Sturini M, Mainardi LT, Cerutti S, Smith AK, Smith SA, Zecca L, Costa A. Contrast mechanisms associated with neuromelanin-MRI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1790-1800. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neuroradiology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
- Department of Electronics; Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Paul E. Summers
- Department of Neuroradiology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferrari
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies; National Research Council of Italy; Segrate Italy
| | - Fabio A. Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies; National Research Council of Italy; Segrate Italy
| | | | - Luca T. Mainardi
- Department of Electronics; Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Sergio Cerutti
- Department of Electronics; Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Alex K. Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Seth A. Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies; National Research Council of Italy; Segrate Italy
| | - Antonella Costa
- Department of Neuroradiology; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
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19
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Clark DJ, Smith AK, Dortch RD, Knopp MV, Smith SA. Investigating hydroxyl chemical exchange using a variable saturation power chemical exchange saturation transfer (vCEST) method at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:826-37. [PMID: 26414937 PMCID: PMC4809798 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) scheme sensitive to hydroxyl protons at 3 T. Clinical imaging of hydroxyl moieties can have an impact on osteoarthritis, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cancer. THEORY By varying saturation amplitude linearly with frequency offset, the direct water saturation component of the Z-spectrum is flattened and can be subtracted to produce a magnetization transfer ratio difference spectrum (MTRdiff ) that isolates solute resonances. Variable saturation power allows for near optimization of hydroxyl and amine/amide moieties in one Z-spectrum. METHODS Phantom studies were used to test vCEST performance in two environments: (1) aqueous single-solute (glycogen, glucose); (2) aqueous multiple solute (glycogen with bovine serum albumin). In vivo vCEST imaging of glycosaminoglycan content in patellar-femoral cartilage was performed in a subject with history of cartilage transplant. RESULTS In solutions with overlapping resonances, vCEST resolves separate hydroxyl and amine/amide peaks. CEST hydroxyl signal in cartilage is negligible, but with vCEST, hydroxyl signal ranged from 2 to 5% ppm and showed distinct contrast between lesions and normal appearing cartilage. CONCLUSION Introduced a variable saturation amplitude CEST (vCEST) scheme to improve sensitivity to exchangeable hydroxyl moieties at 3 T resulting in detection of hydroxyl in the presence of multiple solutes with overlapping resonances. Magn Reson Med 76:826-837, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel James Clark
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex K Smith
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard D Dortch
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael V Knopp
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Wright Center of Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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By S, Smith AK, Dethrage LM, Lyttle BD, Landman BA, Creasy JL, Pawate S, Smith SA. Quantifying the impact of underlying measurement error on cervical spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1608-1618. [PMID: 27192379 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To empirically characterize and quantify the impact of gradient weighting schemes on the appearance and fidelity of diffusion tensor imaging of the human spinal cord in vivo in clinically relevant scan time equivalents (STE). MATERIALS AND METHODS In five healthy controls at 3T, we evaluated test-retest reproducibility and performed voxelwise analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived indices (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean [MD], axial [AD], and radial [RD] diffusivity) in the cervical spinal cord to assess spatial dependencies of measurement error and differences across three different sampling schemes (6, 15, and 32 directions) at STE of 4.5, 9, and 18 minutes. A subjective assessment was also performed. RESULTS With six directions, column-specific errors are highest (effect size = 2.9%, 4.4%, 7.2% for FA in dorsal column, lateral column, and gray matter) and different than the 15-direction scheme (P < 0.05). STE sequences with 15 and 32 directions exhibited small differences in error (P > 0.05). For FA and AD, measurement errors are prevalent in gray matter, while partial volume effects with cerebrospinal fluid heavily influence RD. Measurement errors decreased with increasing scan time (P < 0.01), albeit with diminishing returns at scan times longer than 9 minutes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A 15-direction scheme of 9 minutes yields measurements of the cervical spinal cord with low error. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1608-1618.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha By
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex K Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsey M Dethrage
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bailey D Lyttle
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Creasy
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Siddharama Pawate
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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21
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Samson RS, Lévy S, Schneider T, Smith AK, Smith SA, Cohen-Adad J, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM. ZOOM or Non-ZOOM? Assessing Spinal Cord Diffusion Tensor Imaging Protocols for Multi-Centre Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155557. [PMID: 27171194 PMCID: PMC4865165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate two spinal cord (SC) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) protocols, implemented at multiple sites (using scanners from two different manufacturers), one available on any clinical scanner, and one using more advanced options currently available in the research setting, and to use an automated processing method for unbiased quantification. DTI parameters are sensitive to changes in the diseased SC. However, imaging the cord can be technically challenging due to various factors including its small size, patient-related and physiological motion, and field inhomogeneities. Rapid acquisition sequences such as Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) are desirable but may suffer from image distortions. We present a multi-centre comparison of two acquisition protocols implemented on scanners from two different vendors (Siemens and Philips), one using a reduced field-of-view (rFOV) EPI sequence, and one only using options available on standard clinical scanners such as outer volume suppression (OVS). Automatic analysis was performed with the Spinal Cord Toolbox for unbiased and reproducible quantification of DTI metrics in the white matter. Images acquired using the rFOV sequence appear less distorted than those acquired using OVS alone. SC DTI parameter values obtained using both sequences at all sites were consistent with previous measurements made at 3T. For the same scanner manufacturer, DTI parameter inter-site SDs were smaller for the rFOV sequence compared to the OVS sequence. The higher inter-site reproducibility (for the same manufacturer and acquisition details, i.e. ZOOM data acquired at the two Philips sites) of rFOV compared to the OVS sequence supports the idea that making research options such as rFOV more widely available would improve accuracy of measurements obtained in multi-centre clinical trials. Future multi-centre studies should also aim to match the rFOV technique and signal-to-noise ratios in all sequences from different manufacturers/sites in order to avoid any bias in measured DTI parameters and ensure similar sensitivity to pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Samson
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Lévy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Torben Schneider
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Philips Healthcare, Guilford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alex K. Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Brain MRI 3T Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Smith AK, Dortch RD, Dethrage LM, Lyttle BD, Kang H, Welch EB, Smith SA. Incorporating dixon multi-echo fat water separation for novel quantitative magnetization transfer of the human optic nerve in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:707-716. [PMID: 27037720 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optic nerve (ON) represents the sole pathway between the eyes and brain; consequently, diseases of the ON can have dramatic effects on vision. However, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) applications in the ON have been limited to ex vivo studies, in part because of the fatty connective tissue that surrounds the ON, confounding the magnetization transfer (MT) experiment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to implement a multi-echo Dixon fat-water separation approach to remove the fat component from MT images. METHODS MT measurements were taken in a single slice of the ON and frontal lobe using a three-echo Dixon readout, and the water and out-of-phase images were applied to a two-pool model in ON tissue and brain white matter to evaluate the effectiveness of using Dixon fat-water separation to remove fatty tissue from MT images. RESULTS White matter data showed no significant differences between image types; however, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in variation in the out-of-phase images in the ON relative to the water images. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that Dixon fat-water separation can be robustly used for accurate MT quantification of anatomies susceptible to partial volume effects resulting from fat. Magn Reson Med 77:707-716, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard D Dortch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsey M Dethrage
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bailey D Lyttle
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - E Brian Welch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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23
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Harrigan RL, Smith AK, Mawn LA, Smith SA, Landman BA. Short Term Reproducibility of a High Contrast 3-D Isotropic Optic Nerve Imaging Sequence in Healthy Controls. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2016; 9783. [PMID: 27175048 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The optic nerve (ON) plays a crucial role in human vision transporting all visual information from the retina to the brain for higher order processing. There are many diseases that affect the ON structure such as optic neuritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis. Because the ON is the sole pathway for visual information from the retina to areas of higher level processing, measures of ON damage have been shown to correlate well with visual deficits. Increased intracranial pressure has been shown to correlate with the size of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the ON. These measures are generally taken at an arbitrary point along the nerve and do not account for changes along the length of the ON. We propose a high contrast and high-resolution 3-D acquired isotropic imaging sequence optimized for ON imaging. We have acquired scan-rescan data using the optimized sequence and a current standard of care protocol for 10 subjects. We show that this sequence has superior contrast-to-noise ratio to the current standard of care while achieving a factor of 11 higher resolution. We apply a previously published automatic pipeline to segment the ON and CSF sheath and measure the size of each individually. We show that these measures of ON size have lower short-term reproducibility than the population variance and the variability along the length of the nerve. We find that the proposed imaging protocol is (1) useful in detecting population differences and local changes and (2) a promising tool for investigating biomarkers related to structural changes of the ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrigan
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Alex K Smith
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235; Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Louise A Mawn
- Ophthalmology and Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Seth A Smith
- Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235; Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235; Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235; Institute for Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235; Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37235
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24
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Barnhart C, McClymont K, Smith AK, Au-Yeung A, Lee SJ. "Everyone else gets ice cream here more often than I do--It burns me up"--Perspectives on Diabetes Care from Nursing Home Residents and their Doctors. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:28. [PMID: 26813788 PMCID: PMC4729138 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the perspectives of nursing home (NH) residents with diabetes and their doctors regarding the burdens of living with diabetes and diabetes treatments. Methods Qualitative study of nursing home residents aged 65 and older with diabetes (n = 14) and nursing home physicians (n = 9) at a Department of Veterans Affairs nursing home (known as the Community Living Center). A semi-structured interview was used to elicit nursing home residents’ and physicians’ perspectives on the burden of diabetes and diabetes treatments. Transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative methods. Results The mean age of the nursing home residents was 74; Most (93 %) were male and 50 % self-identified themselves as white. The mean age of nursing home physicians was 39 and 55 % were geriatricians. Dietary restrictions, loss of independence and fingersticks/insulin were noted to be the most burdensome aspects of diabetes. Nursing home residents with a more positive outlook were generally more engaged in their care, while nursing home residents with a more pessimistic outlook were less engaged, allowing their physicians to assume complete control of their care. While physicians noted the potential negative impact of dietary restrictions, nursing home residents’ comments suggest that physicians underestimate the burden of dietary restrictions. Conclusions Veterans Affairs nursing home residents were substantially burdened by their diabetes treatments, especially dietary restrictions and fingerstick monitoring. Since there is little evidence that dietary restrictions improve outcomes, fewer dietary restrictions may be appropriate and lead to lower treatment burdens for nursing home residents with diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0199-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barnhart
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St, Bldg 1, Room 220 F, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Keelan McClymont
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St, Bldg 1, Room 220 F, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Alex K Smith
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St, Bldg 1, Room 220 F, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Alvin Au-Yeung
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St, Bldg 1, Room 220 F, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Sei J Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement St, Bldg 1, Room 220 F, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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25
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Bissert PT, Carr JL, DuCarme JP, Smith AK. Design of intelligent proximity detection zones to prevent striking and pinning fatalities around continuous mining machines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [PMID: 28626352 DOI: 10.19150/trans.7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The continuous mining machine is a key piece of equipment used in underground coal mining operations. Over the past several decades these machines have been involved in a number of mine worker fatalities. Proximity detection systems have been developed to avert hazards associated with operating continuous mining machines. Incorporating intelligent design into proximity detection systems allows workers greater freedom to position themselves to see visual cues or avoid other hazards such as haulage equipment or unsupported roof or ribs. However, intelligent systems must be as safe as conventional proximity detection systems. An evaluation of the 39 fatal accidents for which the Mine Safety and Health Administration has published fatality investigation reports was conducted to determine whether the accident may have been prevented by conventional or intelligent proximity. Multiple zone configurations for the intelligent systems were studied to determine how system performance might be affected by the zone configuration. Researchers found that 32 of the 39 fatalities, or 82 percent, may have been prevented by both conventional and intelligent proximity systems. These results indicate that, by properly configuring the zones of an intelligent proximity detection system, equivalent protection to a conventional system is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Bissert
- Mechanical engineer, mining engineer, mechanical engineer and mechanical engineer, respectively, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH PMRD), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J L Carr
- Mechanical engineer, mining engineer, mechanical engineer and mechanical engineer, respectively, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH PMRD), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J P DuCarme
- Mechanical engineer, mining engineer, mechanical engineer and mechanical engineer, respectively, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH PMRD), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A K Smith
- Mechanical engineer, mining engineer, mechanical engineer and mechanical engineer, respectively, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH PMRD), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Kaminsky Z, Wilcox HC, Eaton WW, Van Eck K, Kilaru V, Jovanovic T, Klengel T, Bradley B, Binder EB, Ressler KJ, Smith AK. Epigenetic and genetic variation at SKA2 predict suicidal behavior and post-traumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e627. [PMID: 26305478 PMCID: PMC4564560 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic stress results in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities and an increased risk to both suicidal behaviors and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work out of our laboratory identified SKA2 DNA methylation associations with suicidal behavior in the blood and brain of multiple cohorts. Interaction of SKA2 with stress predicted suicidal behavior with ~80% accuracy. SKA2 is hypothesized to reduce the ability to suppress cortisol following stress, which is of potentially high relevance in traumatized populations. Our objective was to investigate the interaction of SKA2 and trauma exposure on HPA axis function, suicide attempt and PTSD. SKA2 DNA methylation at Illumina HM450 probe cg13989295 was assessed for association with suicidal behavior and PTSD metrics in the context of Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores in 421 blood and 61 saliva samples from the Grady Trauma Project (GTP) cohort. Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) data were evaluated for a subset of 209 GTP subjects. SKA2 methylation interacted with CTQ scores to predict lifetime suicide attempt in saliva and blood with areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.76 and 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6-0.92, P = 0.003, and CI: 0.65-0.78, P < 0.0001) and to mediate the suppression of cortisol following DST (β = 0.5 ± 0.19, F = 1.51, degrees of freedom (df) = 12/167, P = 0.0096). Cumulatively, the data suggest that epigenetic variation at SKA2 mediates vulnerability to suicidal behaviors and PTSD through dysregulation of the HPA axis in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kaminsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H C Wilcox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Van Eck
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Kilaru
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Klengel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E B Binder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - K J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - A K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hunt LJ, Covinsky KE, Yaffe K, Stephens CE, Miao Y, Boscardin WJ, Smith AK. Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia: Results from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015. [PMID: 26200445 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report prevalence, correlates, and medication management of pain in community-dwelling older adults with dementia. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING In-person interviews with self- or proxy respondents living in private residences or non-nursing home residential care settings. PARTICIPANTS Nationally representative sample of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2011 wave. MEASUREMENTS Dementia status was determined using a modified previously validated algorithm. Participants were asked whether they had had bothersome and activity-limiting pain over the past month. A multivariable Poisson regression model was used to determine the relationship between bothersome pain and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Of the 7,609 participants with complete data on cognitive function, 802 had dementia (67.2% aged ≥80, 65.0% female, 67.9% white, 49.7% proxy response, 32.0% lived alone, 18.8% lived in residential care); 670 (63.5%) participants with dementia experienced bothersome pain, and 347 (43.3%) had pain that limited activities. These rates were significantly higher than in a propensity score-matched cohort without dementia (54.5% bothersome pain, P < .001, 27.2% pain that limited activity, P < .001). Proxies reported slightly higher rates of pain than self-respondents, but differences were statistically significant only for activity-limiting pain (46.6% proxy vs 40.1% self, P = .03). Correlates of bothersome pain included arthritis, heart and lung disease, less than high school education, activity of daily living disability, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and low energy. Of those reporting pain, 30.3% stated that they rarely or never took any medications for pain. CONCLUSION Community-living older adults with dementia are at high risk of having pain. Creative interventions and programs are needed to manage pain adequately in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Hunt
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth E Covinsky
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Division of Geriatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Division of Geriatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Caroline E Stephens
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yinghui Miao
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - W John Boscardin
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Alex K Smith
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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28
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Trujillo P, Smith AK, Summers PE, Mainardi LM, Cerutti S, Smith SA, Costa A. High-resolution quantitative imaging of the substantia nigra. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015:5428-5431. [PMID: 26737519 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in identifying neuroimaging-based biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which the major pathologic substrate is the loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Recently, an MRI technique dubbed "neuromelanin-sensitive MRI" (NM-MRI), has been found to provide notable contrast between the SN and surrounding brain tissues with potential applications as biomarker of PD. The contrast in NM-MRI has been associated with magnetization transfer (MT) effects, and thus the goal of this study was to characterize the impact of MT on NM-MRI, and to demonstrate the feasibility of performing quantitative MT (qMT) imaging in human SN. The results of this study demonstrate that high-resolution rapid qMT imaging of the SN can be reliably obtained within reasonable scan times, thereby can be translatable into clinical practice.
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29
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Smith AK, Dortch RD, Dethrage LM, Smith SA. Rapid, high-resolution quantitative magnetization transfer MRI of the human spinal cord. Neuroimage 2014; 95:106-16. [PMID: 24632465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging can provide indices describing the interactions between free water protons and immobile macromolecular protons. These indices include the macromolecular proton fraction (MPF), which has been shown to correlate with myelin content in white matter. Because of the long scan times required for high-resolution spinal cord imaging, qMT studies of the human spinal cord have not found wide-spread application. Herein, we investigated whether these limitations could be overcome by utilizing only a single MT-weighted acquisition and a reference measurement, as was recently proposed in the brain. High-resolution, in vivo qMT data were obtained at 3.0T in the spinal cords of healthy volunteers and patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Low- and high-resolution acquisitions (low/high resolution=1×1×5mm(3)/0.65×0.65×5mm(3)) with clinically acceptable scan times (12min/7min) were evaluated. We also evaluated the reliability over time and the sensitivity of the model to the assumptions made in the single-point method, both in disease and healthy tissues. Our findings suggest that the single point qMT technique can provide maps of the MPF in the spinal cord in vivo with excellent grey/white matter contrast, can be reliably obtained within reasonable scan times, and are sensitive to MS pathology. Consistent with previous qMT studies in the brain, the observed MPF values were higher in healthy white matter (0.16±0.01) than in grey matter (0.13±0.01) and in MS lesions (0.09±0.01). The single point qMT technique applied at high resolution provides an improved method for obtaining qMT in the human spinal cord and may offer a reliable outcome measure for evaluating spinal cord disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Richard D Dortch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Lindsey M Dethrage
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, USA.
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Pritchard K, Smith AK, Rogers DF. Measurement of airway mucin gene expression. Methods Mol Med 2012; 56:285-94. [PMID: 21336908 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-151-5:285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of airway mucus is characteristic of several severe lung diseases, particularly those involving chronic inflammation such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) (1). Mucins are the major macromolecular component of mucus and play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of these diseases by determining the viscoelastic properties of mucus and its ability to interact with the cilia of the respiratory tract during mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pritchard
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Kamen BA, Smith AK. Farletuzumab, an anti-folate receptor α antibody, does not block binding of folate or anti-folates to receptor nor does it alter the potency of anti-folates in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 70:113-20. [PMID: 22644798 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Folate is a cofactor in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines; folate analogs are potent cytotoxic drugs. Folate receptor alpha (FRα), a protein-mediating cellular accumulation of folate (and anti-folates), has limited expression in normal tissues and is overexpressed by numerous carcinomas. Limited distribution and high affinity for folic acid have resulted in the development of antibodies or the use of folic acid coupled to toxins or radionuclides as therapeutic and imaging agents. Farletuzumab is an anti-FRα antibody in clinical trials for ovarian and non-small cell lung cancers. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of farletuzumab on binding and uptake of folates and anti-folates and the potency of anti-folates in vitro. METHODS Direct binding and uptake of radiolabeled folates and anti-folates and the assessments of drug concentration of drug that inhibited cell growth 50 % (IC(50)) in vitro in the presence or absence of antibody. RESULTS Farletuzumab did not block membrane binding of radiolabeled folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, pemetrexed, and other anti-folates; folic acid blocked >95 %. Farletuzumab had a minimal effect on the cytoplasmic accumulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or pemetrexed; folic acid had a considerable but variable effect on the different cell lines. As a single agent, farletuzumab did not affect cell viability or the IC(50) of pemetrexed and other anti-folates in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Farletuzumab does not block FRα binding of folates and anti-folates, minimally retards folate delivery via FRα-mediated transport, and minimally retards the growth of cells in vitro. Concomitant use of farletuzumab and pemetrexed is not contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Kamen
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 80901, USA.
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Ramirez GD, Buck GW, Smith AK, Gordon KV, Mott JB. Incidence of Vibrio vulnificus in estuarine waters of the south Texas Coastal Bend region. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:2047-53. [PMID: 19566724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the occurrence of the human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, in south Texas coastal waters. METHODS AND RESULTS Coastal waters were sampled monthly between August 2006 and July 2007. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, conductivity and turbidity were measured during each sampling event. Culture-based techniques utilizing Vibrio vulnificus agar (VVA) and membrane-Enterococcus indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside agar (mEI) were used to assess the occurrence and levels of V. vulnificus and the faecal contamination indicator group, enterococci, respectively. Vibrio vulnificus isolates were confirmed using colony-blot hybridization with the species-specific VVAP probe. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated at all sites throughout the year even when the water temperature dropped to 9.71 degrees C. Significant correlations were found between concentrations of V. vulnificus and the abiotic factors, water temperature (P = 0.002) and dissolved oxygen (P = 0.028), as well as between concentrations of V. vulnificus and enterococci (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the year-round presence of V. vulnificus in coastal waters of south Texas. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings indicate that the potential for human exposure to the pathogen, V. vulnificus, exists throughout the year. It also suggests that routinely monitored data might be used to predict the occurrence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Ramirez
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5802, USA
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Rajeevan MS, Smith AK, Dimulescu I, Unger ER, Vernon SD, Heim C, Reeves WC. Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Genes Brain Behav 2007; 6:167-76. [PMID: 16740143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a significant public health problem of unknown etiology, the pathophysiology has not been elucidated, and there are no characteristic physical signs or laboratory abnormalities. Some studies have indicated an association of CFS with deregulation of immune functions and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this study, we examined the association of sequence variations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) with CFS because NR3C1 is a major effector of the HPA axis. There were 137 study participants (40 with CFS, 55 with insufficient symptoms or fatigue, termed as ISF, and 42 non-fatigued controls) who were clinically evaluated and identified from the general population of Wichita, KS. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NR3C1 were tested for association of polymorphisms and haplotypes with CFS. We observed an association of multiple SNPs with chronic fatigue compared to non-fatigued (NF) subjects (P < 0.05) and found similar associations with quantitative assessments of functional impairment (by the SF-36), with fatigue (by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) and with symptoms (assessed by the Centers for Disease Control Symptom Inventory). Subjects homozygous for the major allele of all associated SNPs were at increased risk for CFS with odds ratios ranging from 2.61 (CI 1.05-6.45) to 3.00 (CI 1.12-8.05). Five SNPs, covering a region of approximately 80 kb, demonstrated high linkage disequilibrium (LD) in CFS, but LD gradually declined in ISF to NF subjects. Furthermore, haplotype analysis of the region in LD identified two associated haplotypes with opposite alleles: one protective and the other conferring risk of CFS. These results demonstrate NR3C1 as a potential mediator of chronic fatigue, and implicate variations in the 5' region of NR3C1 as a possible mechanism through which the alterations in HPA axis regulation and behavioural characteristics of CFS may manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rajeevan
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Abstract
Dairy products are comprised largely of fat, air and water, which makes it difficult to preserve their ultrastructure for electron microscopy. Keeping the samples frozen throughout fixation and embedding protects the structure and distribution of the components of emulsions and foams. Therefore, dairy products were freeze-substituted and embedded at low temperature (-20 degrees C) to prepare them for transmission electron microscopy. Whipped cream, ice cream mix and dairy/non-dairy mixed systems were frozen by plunging in propane, at its boiling point (-187 degrees C). Ice cream, because it is already frozen, was fractured into 1-mm3 pieces in liquid nitrogen and then added to frozen fixative (-196 degrees C). Fixative solution consisted of glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate dissolved in either methanol or acetone. When material was to be stained after sectioning the fixative was limited to glutaraldehyde in methanol. The temperature was increased step-wise from -80 to -20 degrees C. Solvent was replaced with resin; the polar resin Lowicryl HM4, the non-polar resin Lowicryl HM20, LR White and LR Gold were tested. Samples were embedded and polymerized at -20 degrees C using ultraviolet light to cross-link the resin. Methanol proved to be the most effective solvent for substituting the ice; the hydrophobic resin Lowicryl HM20 was the most effective resin for retaining fat structure following osmium fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Smith
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Brott DA, Maher RJ, Parrish CR, Richardson RJ, Smith AK. Flow cytometric characterization of perfused human bone marrow cultures: identification of the major cell lineages and correlation with the CFU-GM assay. Cytometry A 2003; 53:22-7. [PMID: 12701129 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolific cultures of human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNCs) were recently developed that include a full spectrum of hematopoietic and accessory cells, with the presence of autofluorescent cells indicating adequate cell expansion. However, phenotypic and functional clonogenic characterizations of the autofluorescent cells and the various other subpopulations present in these cultures have not been carried out. METHODS Cells from a continuously perfused bioreactor inoculated with BM MNCs and cultured for 12 days in serum-containing medium with PIXY321, erythropoietin, and with or without FLT3-L were evaluated by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Two antibodies, CD71 and CD13, allowed the separation of the autofluorescent cells into two distinct populations. The CD71+CD13++ autofluorescent population contained the colony-forming unit (CFU) fibroblast, and the CD71++CD13++ autofluorescent population contained macrophage/dendritic like cells. The CFU-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) could not be thoroughly evaluated with CD71 and CD13. However, the number of CD13+/++Lin- cells correlated with the number of CFU-GM (r = 0.83), with approximately 1 CFU-GM for every 30 CD13+/++Lin- cells. CONCLUSIONS The data showed that CD71 and CD13 antibodies separate the autofluorescent cells into two populations but do not separate hematopoietic cells into specific phenotypic populations. The data also showed that the number of CD13+/++Lin- cells correlated with the number of CFU-GM. These data present the initial step toward detailed phenotypic analysis of ex vivo expanded human BM MNC cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Brott
- Aastrom Biosciences Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Hsu S, Borke JL, Lewis JB, Singh B, Aiken AC, Huynh CT, Schuster GS, Caughman GB, Dickinson DP, Smith AK, Osaki T, Wang XF. Transforming growth factor beta 1 dysregulation in a human oral carcinoma tumour progression model. Cell Prolif 2002; 35:183-92. [PMID: 12027954 PMCID: PMC6496909 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2184.2002.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A human oral tumour progression model was established that consists of normal epithelial cells and three cell lines representing stages from dysplastic to metastatic cells. To investigate the impact of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta 1 on this model system, we analysed the responsiveness of those cells to transforming growth factor-beta 1 and explored the potential mechanism underlying the transforming growth factor-beta 1 activity. We found that the growth of all cell types, regardless of their stage of tumour progression, is inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta 1, although to different degrees. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15(INK4B), p21WAF1/(CIP1) and p27(KIP1). In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta 1 was found to stimulate the invasive potential of one cell type that represents the most advanced stage of tumour phenotype, suggesting that the impact of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on functional features of tumour cells other than cellular proliferation may play a significant role in the process of oral tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hsu
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1126, USA.
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Smith AK, Grimmer SP. Pregnancy rates for grade 2 embryos following administration of synthetic GnRH at the time of transfer in embryo-recipient cattle. Theriogenology 2002; 57:2083-91. [PMID: 12066867 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(02)00704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To succeed with pregnancy a bovine embryo must overcome the luteolytic mechanism and achieve recognition of pregnancy. It is understood that well developed embryos are more successful in achieving recognition of pregnancy than poorly developed ones. Attempts have been made to assist this recognition of pregnancy by utilising a number of hormonal supplements with varying levels of success. A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that supplementation with synthetic GnRH at the time of transfer of Grade 2 embryos will enhance pregnancy rates in recipients receiving this category of embryo. Pairs of fresh and frozen Grade 2 embryos (n = 38) from 34 donor animals were allocated to the trial. Thirty eight pairs of recipients were used and one of each pair was randomly assigned to receive treatment on the day of embryo transfer (Day 7) with 5 ml of gonadorelin, containing a synthetic gonadotrophin releasing hormone, 0.1 mg/ml. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out from 42 days post-transfer by either palpation per rectum or ultrasound scanning. Treatment, embryo processing, side of transfer, parity of recipient, breed of recipient and breed of donor dam showed no statistically significant effect on pregnancy rate. The overall pregnancy rate in this study was within commercially accepted limits for Grade 2 embryos at 38.2%. The pregnancy rates were 34.2 and 42.1% for the GnRH-treated and control groups, respectively and were not significantly different at P < 0.05. The failure of this treatment to improve pregnancy rates could be due to its effect being transitory therefore allowing subsequent pregnancy loss. The timing of the treatment post-transfer, treatment dose and potency of the GnRH analogue may also play a role in this. Further study is required to determine the hormonal or follicular status of prospective candidates for treatment before applying this as a whole herd regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Smith
- Ovaflo Embryo Transfer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK.
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Abstract
Sublethal plasma membrane disruption (PMD) is an established mechanism for signaling in several cell types, including endothelial cells and skeletal muscle. We used a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement to test the hypothesis that periodontal ligament (PDL) cells communicate stretch to changes in bone cell activity in part via PMD. To produce PMD, we used a 50-g load from a spring activated in the buccal direction against the maxillary first molars for 5 min. Uptake of endogenous serum albumin was used as a PMD marker. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates albumin in PDL cells surrounding moved first molar tips. Image analysis shows significantly more albumin in cells of the buccal side (tension) of the moved teeth compared with those of the lingual, distal, and mesial sides, and those of the unmoved control. Albumin localization within cells of the PDL, after only 5 min of mechanical loading, suggests that PMD could promote uptake or release of signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Orellana
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta 30912-1129, USA
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Pecora AL, Stiff P, LeMaistre CF, Bayer R, Bachier C, Goldberg SL, Parthasarathy M, Jennis AA, Smith AK, Douville J, Chen B, Armstrong RD, Mandalam RK, Preti R. A phase II trial evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the AastromReplicell system for augmentation of low-dose blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:295-303. [PMID: 11535999 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2000] [Accepted: 01/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the number of apheresis procedures and maintain the usual rate of hematopoietic recovery in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy, we studied the effect of adding a small volume of ex vivo expanded bone marrow to low doses of CD34(+) blood stem cells. Thirty-four patients with breast cancer received G-CSF (10 microg/kg/day) priming followed by a limited volume (50-100 ml) bone marrow aspiration and standard 10-liter aphereses. Marrow was expanded ex vivo using the AastromReplicell system and infused along with low doses of blood-derived CD34(+) cells, collected in one apheresis. Thirty-one evaluable patients received a median CD34(+) blood stem cell dose of 0.7 x 10(6)/kg (range, 0.2-2.5) and 4.7 x 10(7) nucleated cells/kg (range, 1.98-8.7) of ex vivo expanded marrow. All patients recovered with normal blood counts and engrafted 500 neutrophils/microl and 20 000 platelets/microl in a median of 10 and 13 days, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that, in addition to CD34(+) lineage negative cell quantity, the quantity of stromal progenitors contained in the ex vivo expanded product correlated with engraftment outcome (r = 0.551, P = 0.004). Our results indicate that ex vivo expanded bone marrow is capable of facilitating engraftment when combined with low doses of mobilized blood derived CD34(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Pecora
- Department of Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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Cole PD, Kamen BA, Gorlick R, Banerjee D, Smith AK, Magill E, Bertino JR. Effects of overexpression of gamma-Glutamyl hydrolase on methotrexate metabolism and resistance. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4599-604. [PMID: 11389096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular metabolism of methotrexate (MTX) to MTX-polyglutamates (MTXPG) is one determinant of cytotoxicity. Steady-state accumulation of MTXPG seems to depend on the activity of two enzymes: folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), which adds glutamate residues, and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), which removes them. Overexpression of GGH would be expected to decrease intracellular MTXPG, thereby increasing efflux of MTX and decreasing cytotoxicity. Increased expression of GGH has been shown to be associated with resistance to MTX in human sarcoma cell lines and a rat hepatoma cell line. To clarify the specific role of GGH in determining MTX sensitivity, we investigated the phenotype produced by forced GGH overexpression in two cell types. Furthermore, because MTX and folic acid share metabolic pathways, we measured the effects of GGH overexpression on folic acid metabolism. The full-length cDNA for GGH, subcloned into a constitutive expression vector, was transfected into a human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) and a human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line. Compared with the clones containing an empty vector, the GGH-overexpressing cells express 15- to 30-fold more GGH mRNA, more GGH protein, and 15- to 90-fold more GGH enzyme activity. GGH overexpression altered MTX accumulation and metabolism to long-chain polyglutamates. In contrast to expectations, however, GGH overexpression did not confer resistance to short MTX exposures in either cell line. Changes in MTX metabolism were found to be balanced by alterations in accumulation and metabolism of folic acid. The ratio of MTX:folate accumulation may be a better predictor of MTX cytotoxicity than the accumulation of either alone. We conclude that, at least for these two cell lines, GGH overexpression alone is insufficient to produce clinical resistance to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Adamo CT, Mailhot JM, Smith AK, Borke JL. Connexin-43 expression in oral-derived human osteoblasts after transforming growth factor-beta and prostaglandin E2 exposure. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2001; 27:25-31. [PMID: 11326538 DOI: 10.1563/1548-1336(2001)027<0025:ceioho>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant placement stimulates a response in the supporting tissue; the response involves bone remodeling and release of wound-healing factors, including cytokines. Important factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which promotes matrix synthesis, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a mediator of inflammation, have the potential to alter the communication between bone cells and interfere with implant site healing. Cells responsible for the formation of bone are interconnected to form a multicellular network. Cell-to-cell communication in this network occurs in part via gap junctions. In bone cells, the predominant gap junction protein is connexin-43. TGF-beta is a growth modulator produced by osteoblasts and released from the matrix in response to resorption and may influence the progression of periodontal disease. TGF-beta also promotes the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and adhesion molecules. PGE2 is a mediator of inflammation produced in response to periodontal pathogens. PGE2 levels in the gingival sulcular fluid have been correlated with attachment loss and bone resorption. The relationship between these factors and connexin-43 is unclear. Oral-derived (alveolar) bone was used because the phenotype of bone can differ between species and between different sites in the body. For our studies, explants of human osteoblasts were cultured on eight well plates and characterized by their expression of osteocalcin, osteonectin, alkaline phosphatase, type 1 collagen, and connexin-43. Cells were grown to near confluence on 12 well plates in 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and then cultured for 24 hours in 0.5% FBS DMEM before exposure to either 1, 5, or 10 ng/mL of TGF-beta in serum-free DMEM for 12 or 24 hours or to 20, 80, or 300 ng/mL of PGE2 in serum-free DMEM for 12 or 24 hours. After incubation, cells were removed from plates by scraping and assayed for connexin-43 protein, first by Western blot to confirm the specificity of the anti-connexin-43 antibody and then by slot blot analysis for quantitative comparison of connexin-43 expression. Our studies showed no significant changes in connexin-43 expression in response to either factor. These studies suggest that exogenous TGF-beta and PGE2 do not alter connexin-43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Adamo
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA
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Abou Rida M, Saikaili J, Smith AK, Thozet A. Dicarbonyldi-mu-chloro-cis,cis-eta4-1,5-cyclooctadienedirhodium(I). Acta Crystallogr C 2001; 57:352-3. [PMID: 11313555 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270100020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2000] [Accepted: 12/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, dicarbonyl-1kappa(2)C-di-mu-chloro-1:2kappa(4)Cl-[cis,cis-2(eta(4))-1,5-cyclooctadiene]dirhodium(I), [Rh(2)Cl(2)(C(8)H(12))(CO)(2)], consists of a dichloro-bridged dimer of rhodium, with a non-bonded Rh.Rh distance of 3.284 (2) A. One Rh atom is coordinated to two carbonyl ligands, while the other Rh atom is coordinated to the cyclooctadiene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abou Rida
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, CNRS UMR 9986, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France
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Kirstein MN, Houghton PJ, Cheshire PJ, Richmond LB, Smith AK, Hanna SK, Stewart CF. Relation between 9-aminocamptothecin systemic exposure and tumor response in human solid tumor xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:358-66. [PMID: 11234891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
9-Aminocamptothecin (9-AC) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity against xenografts from childhood solid tumors; however, clinical trials with this compound have been disappointing, resulting in discontinuation of further development. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antitumor activity of 9-AC in a panel of pediatric solid tumor xenografts and to relate the 9-AC lactone systemic exposure, defined as area under the concentration time curve (AUC), to the antitumor dose associated with tumor regression in the xenograft model. We evaluated protracted administration of i.v. and oral therapies (daily times 5) for 1, 2, or 3 weeks and for 1 or 3 cycles. The minimum effective dose of 9-AC causing objective regression of advanced tumors was determined for each schedule. 9-AC lactone plasma concentration-time profiles associated with the lowest dose achieving complete and partial responses for each xenograft were then determined for each regimen. Tumors were highly sensitive to 9-AC therapy, but the systemic exposure required for antitumor effect is in excess of that achievable in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Kirstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Smith
- Ovaflo Embryo Transfer, Skene, Aberdeenshire
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Graham JM, Krakow D, Tolo VT, Smith AK, Lachman RS. Radiographic findings and Gs-alpha bioactivity studies and mutation screening in acrodysostosis indicate a different etiology from pseudohypoparathyroidism. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31:2-9. [PMID: 11200992 DOI: 10.1007/s002470000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acrodysostosis is an uncommon skeletal dysplasia associated with nasal hypoplasia, midface deficiency, severe brachydactyly, and varying degrees of hearing loss and mental retardation. Previous publications have suggested that it may be difficult to distinguish acrodystostosis from pseudohypoparathyroidism on clinical grounds, but acrodysostosis does appear to have distinct clinical and radiologic findings. Spinal stenosis is an underappreciated risk in acrodysostosis, despite the reported loss of normal caudal widening of the lumbar interpediculate distance on AP spine radiographs in the original report of this disorder by Robinow et al., with confirmation of these radiographic findings by Butler et al. We report two sporadic cases of acrodysostosis, one of which required decompressive laminectomy for symptomatic spinal stenosis, and review 11 cases of acrodysostosis from 9 families that were submitted to the International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry. The objective of this report is to determine the frequency and severity of spinal stenosis in patients with acrodysostosis and to summarize the clinical and radiographic findings of acrodysostosis in an effort to distinguish acrodysostosis clearly from pseudohypoparathyroidism. The pattern of brachydactyly differs between these two conditions, and varying degrees of spinal stenosis are characteristic of acrodysostosis. Both our index patients with acrodysostosis had normal bioactivity of the alpha subunit of the Gs protein, therefore indicating that acrodysostosis has a different pathogenesis from pseudohypoparathyroidism. Furthermore, single-strand confirmational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis failed to demonstrate any confirmational alterations in the coding exons of the Gs alpha gene. These radiographic and laboratory findings substantiate that acrodysostosis is clinically different from pseudohypoparathyroidism and that it is necessary to follow patients with acrodysostosis for signs of spinal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Graham
- Division of Clinical Genetics Birth Defects Center, Medical Genetics Birth Defects Center, International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Methotrexate (MTX) remains one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because MTX and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5CH3THF) share uptake and metabolic pathways, the efficacy of MTX is likely to depend not only on its metabolism but also on how well folate is accumulated by lymphoblasts. The authors' goal was to compare in vitro folate and antifolate uptake in B-lineage lymphoblasts from patients who remained in continuous complete remission (CCR) and those in whom relapse occurred. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four children with B-lineage ALL were studied at diagnosis (n = 20) or relapse (n = 4). Lymphoblasts obtained by bone marrow aspiration were incubated for 24 hours in vitro with 0.05 microM 5CH3[3H]THF or 1 microM [3H]MTX. RESULTS As of July 1999, 16 patients studied at diagnosis remained in CCR at a median follow-up of 45 months after achieving remission. Two of the patients studied at relapse are in second CCR; the remaining two died from progressive disease. The median uptake of neither [3H]MTX nor 5CH3[3H]THF differed significantly between the 16 patients in first CCR studied at diagnosis and the 4 patients studied at relapse. However, the median ratio of [3H]MTX:5CH3[3H]THF uptake differed significantly for patients who remained in first CCR versus patients studied at relapse. CONCLUSIONS The uptake of [3H]MTX in relation to 5CH3[3H]THF by leukemic lymphoblasts in vitro may correlate positively with treatment outcome in children with B-lineage ALL. A larger study of homogeneously treated patients is necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mantadakis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
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Kumra S, Wiggs E, Bedwell J, Smith AK, Arling E, Albus K, Hamburger SD, McKenna K, Jacobsen LK, Rapoport JL, Asarnow RF. Neuropsychological deficits in pediatric patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. Schizophr Res 2000; 42:135-44. [PMID: 10742651 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with transient psychotic symptoms and serious emotional disturbances who do not meet current criteria for schizophrenia or other presently recognized diagnostic categories commonly present diagnostic and treatment problems. Clarifying the connections between children with narrowly defined schizophrenia and children with a more broadly defined phenotype (i.e., Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, PD-NOS) has implications for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, the neuropsychological test performance of a subgroup of children with atypical psychosis was compared with that of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). METHOD Cognitive function was assessed with neuropsychological test battery regimens in 51 neuroleptic-nonresponsive patients within the first 270 at NIMH testing (24 PD-NOS, 27 COS) were included in this analysis. Seventeen (39%) of 44 COS subjects were unavailable for this study as their IQ tested <70. The PD-NOS patients were younger than the COS patients at the time of testing (12.0+/-2.8 vs 14.4+/-1.8years, respectively, p<0.004). The test levels of these groups were compared with each other. RESULTS The neuropsychological test results for the PD-NOS and COS patients were 1-2standard deviations below normative data across a broad array of cognitive functions. There were no overall differences in the test levels for the six summary scales (F=2.82, df=1, 36, p=0.10) or in the profile shape (F=1.70, df=5, 180, p=0.14) between the PD-NOS and COS groups. For the COS patients, there was a significant difference between their mean full-scale WISC IQ (84.7+/-16.2) and their average standard scores for both the spelling (97.7+/-16.1, n=23, t=4.0, p=0.001) and reading decoding subtests (97.7+/-13.7, n=23, t=3.7, p=0.001) of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement. CONCLUSIONS Treatment-refractory PD-NOS and COS patients share a similar pattern of generalized cognitive deficits, including deficits in attention, learning and abstraction which are commonly observed in adult patients with schizophrenia. These data support a hypothesis that at least some of the PD-NOS cases belong within the schizophrenic spectrum, which is of importance for future genetic studies planned for this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumra
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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49
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Pecora AL, Stiff P, Jennis A, Goldberg S, Rosenbluth R, Price P, Goltry KL, Douville J, Armstrong RD, Smith AK, Preti RA. Prompt and durable engraftment in two older adult patients with high risk chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) using ex vivo expanded and unmanipulated unrelated umbilical cord blood. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:797-9. [PMID: 10745268 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Delayed engraftment, graft failure, and adverse transplant-related events have been observed in unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) recipients, particularly in those receiving a low leukocyte cell dose and in CML patients. We report the outcomes of two older adult patients with high risk CML who received a low leukocyte cell dose of unmanipulated UCB cells supplemented with ex vivo expanded (AastromReplicell System) UCB cells. Each engrafted promptly and neither patient experienced GVHD or life-threatening infection. Both remain engrafted with cells exclusively of donor origin and are in cytogenetic remission at 19 and 8 months follow-up. Ex vivo expanded UCB cells appear to facilitate hematopoietic recovery and therefore may increase the number of CML patients eligible for unrelated UCB transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Pecora
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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50
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Ma MK, Zamboni WC, Radomski KM, Furman WL, Santana VM, Houghton PJ, Hanna SK, Smith AK, Stewart CF. Pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and its metabolites SN-38 and APC in children with recurrent solid tumors after protracted low-dose irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:813-9. [PMID: 10741701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan (IRN), a topoisomerase I interactive agent, has significant antitumor activity in early Phase I studies in children with recurrent solid tumors. However, the disposition of IRN and its metabolites, SN-38 and APC, in children has not been reported. Children with solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy received IRN by a 1-h i.v. infusion at either 20, 24, or 29 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days for 2 weeks. Serial blood samples were collected after doses 1 and 10 of the first course. IRN, SN-38, and APC lactone concentrations were determined by an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography assay. A linear four-compartment model was fit simultaneously to the IRN, SN-38, and APC plasma concentration versus time data. Systemic clearance rate for IRN was 58.7 +/- 18.8 liters/h/m2 (mean +/- SD). The mean +/- SD ng/ml x h single-day lactone SN-38 area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-->6) was 90.9 +/- 96.4, 103.7 +/- 62.4, and 95.3 +/- 63.9 at IRN doses of 20, 24, and 29 mg/m2, respectively. The relative extent of IRN conversion to SN-38 and metabolism to APC measured after dose 1 were 0.49 +/- 0.33 and 0.29 +/- 0.17 (mean +/- SD). No statistically significant intrapatient difference was noted for SN-38 area under the concentration-time curve. Large interpatient variability in IRN and metabolite disposition was observed. The relative extent of conversion and the SN-38 systemic exposure achieved with this protracted schedule of administration were much greater than reported in adults or children receiving larger intermittent doses.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Area Under Curve
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/blood
- Camptothecin/pharmacokinetics
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diarrhea/chemically induced
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Humans
- Irinotecan
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed/pathology
- Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue/pathology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Neutropenia/chemically induced
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA
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