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Gomes AC, Borges A, Zoca DG, Silva MLAE, Machado ARDSR, Machado AM, Santos MFC, de Laurentiz RDS. Larvicidal potential of extracts and isolated compounds from Piper cubeba fruits against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36214554 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of virus transmission that causes dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika. The primary prevention method has been vector control and synthetic insecticides that can cause environmental side effects. Thus, the work aimed to evaluate the larvicidal potential of extracts and isolated compounds from Piper cubeba against A. aegypti larvae. The larvicidal activity method was executed according to the World Health Organization protocol. The larvae were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through molecular docking, the action mechanism was investigated. The hydroalcoholic and hexane extracts showed similar larvicidal activity with LC50 of 191.1 μg/mL and 185.84 μg/mL, respectively. Between isolated compounds, hinokinin presented LC50= 97.74 μg/mL. The SEM analysis showed structural damage to the larva's tegument caused by extracts and isolated compounds. Therefore, the results demonstrate the larvicidal action of hinokinin and extracts, which can lead to the development of new natural larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Gomes
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Borges
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário – UNIFUNEC, Santa Fé do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Garcia Zoca
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Martins Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia da, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mario F. C. Santos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela da Silva de Laurentiz
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Neuparth T, Alves N, Machado AM, Pinheiro M, Montes R, Rodil R, Barros S, Ruivo R, Castro LFC, Quintana JB, Santos MM. Neuroendocrine pathways at risk? Simvastatin induces inter and transgenerational disruption in the keystone amphipod Gammarus locusta. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 244:106095. [PMID: 35121565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary focus of environmental toxicological studies is to address the direct effects of chemicals on exposed organisms (parental generation - F0), mostly overlooking effects on subsequent non-exposed generations (F1 and F2 - intergenerational and F3 transgenerational, respectively). Here, we addressed the effects of simvastatin (SIM), one of the most widely prescribed human pharmaceuticals for the primary treatment of hypercholesterolemia, using the keystone crustacean Gammarus locusta. We demonstrate that SIM, at environmentally relevant concentrations, has significant inter and transgenerational (F1 and F3) effects in key signaling pathways involved in crustaceans' neuroendocrine regulation (Ecdysteroids, Catecholamines, NO/cGMP/PKG, GABAergic and Cholinergic signaling pathways), concomitantly with changes in apical endpoints, such as depressed reproduction and growth. These findings are an essential step to improve hazard and risk assessment of biological active compounds, such as SIM, and highlight the importance of studying the transgenerational effects of environmental chemicals in animals' neuroendocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - N Alves
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Machado
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pinheiro
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Barros
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Quinta de Prados - Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais C1.10, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Ruivo
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Anhê NB, Machado AM, Machado ARDSR. ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA, POR MEIO DO GEOPROCESSAMENTO E QUESTIONÁRIO COM AGENTES DE COMBATE ÀS ENDEMIAS, DOS CASOS DE LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL E LEISHMANIOSE TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA EM BIRIGUI- SÃO PAULO. Braz J Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Neuparth T, Machado AM, Montes R, Rodil R, Barros S, Alves N, Ruivo R, Castro LFC, Quintana JB, Santos MM. Transgenerational inheritance of chemical-induced signature: A case study with simvastatin. Environ Int 2020; 144:106020. [PMID: 32861161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that exposure to certain environmental chemicals during early life stages may disrupt reproduction across multiple non-exposed generations has significant implications for understanding disease etiology and adverse outcomes. We demonstrate here reproductive multi and transgenerational effects, at environmentally relevant levels, of one of the most prescribed human pharmaceuticals, simvastatin, in a keystone species, the amphipod Gammarus locusta. The transgenerational findings has major implications for hazard and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern given that transgenerational effects of environmental chemicals are not addressed in current hazard and risk assessment schemes. Considering that the mevalonate synthesis, one of the key metabolic pathways targeted by simvastatin, is highly conserved among metazoans, these results may also shed light on the potential transgenerational effects of simvastatin on other animals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - A M Machado
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Barros
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - N Alves
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - R Ruivo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Machado ARDSR, La Serra L, Turatti A, Machado AM, Roselino AM. Herpes simplex virus 1 and cytomegalovirus are associated with pemphigus vulgaris but not with pemphigus foliaceus disease. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:966-968. [PMID: 28370424 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are blistering autoimmune diseases that depend on interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Viral infections, like herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1/2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus and dengue virus, could trigger or exacerbate pemphigus. IgM and IgG antibodies against these viruses in serum from PV and PF, their relatives and controls were determined. HSV1/2 expression was evaluated by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and qPCR in affected or not oral mucosa from PV patients compared with uninjured PF mucosa. IgG anti-HSV1 was higher in the PV group compared with all groups. IgG anti-CMV resulted higher in PV group compared with PF patients and PV relatives. HSV1 was confirmed by DIF and qPCR on oral samples from patients with PV. Lack of HSV1 expression in the oral mucosa of patients with PF corroborate that immunosuppressive therapy cannot be the main cause for HSV1 replication in PV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo La Serra
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Turatti
- Laboratory of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Martins Machado
- Tres Lagoas Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Roselino
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza WMD, Machado AM, Figueiredo LTM. Experimental infection of Rio Mamore hantavirus in Sigmodontinae rodents. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:399-402. [PMID: 27223653 PMCID: PMC4909039 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows an experimental spillover infection of Sigmodontinae rodents with Rio Mamore hantavirus (RIOMV). Necromys lasiurus and Akodon sp were infected with 103 RNA copies of RIOMV by intraperitoneal administration. The viral genome was detected in heart, lung, and kidney tissues 18 days after infection (ai), and viral excretion in urine and faeces began at four and six ai, respectively. These results reveal that urine and faeces of infected rodents contain the virus for at least 18 days. It is possible that inhaled aerosols of these excreta could transmit hantavirus to humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Alex Martins Machado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, MS, Brasil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Souza WMD, Machado AM, Disner GR, Boff E, Machado ARDSR, Padua MD, Figueiredo LTM, Miranda GBD. Antibody levels to hantavirus in inhabitants of western Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54:193-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652012000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses of the family Bunyaviridae, and is transmitted by aerosols of excreta of infected rodents. The aim of the present study was to determine antibody levels to hantavirus in the population that lives at frontier of Brazil and Argentina. Participated of the study 405 individuals living in the municipalities of Bandeirante, Santa Helena, Princesa and Tunapolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. IgG antibodies to hantavirus were analyzed in sera by an ELISA that uses a recombinant N protein of Araraquara hantavirus as antigen. The results were also confirmed by immunofluorescent test. Eight individuals showed antibodies to hantavirus (1.97% positivity), with serum titers ranging from 100 to 800. Six seropositives were males, older than 30 years and farmers. Our results reinforce previous data on hantavirus circulation and human infections in the southern border of Brazil with Argentina.
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Garcia de Figueiredo G, Pádua MD, Sabino dos Santos Júnior G, Martins Machado A, Farignoli Romero M, Leitão Delsin D, Dias de Carvalho AC, Jabur Badra S, Figueiredo LTM. HANTAVIRUS CARDIOPULMONARY SYNDROME IN RIBEIRÃO PRETO, BRAZIL, 2010-2011. VR&R 2011. [DOI: 10.17525/vrrjournal.v16i1-2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Souza WMD, Machado AM, Figueiredo LTM, Boff E. Serosurvey of hantavirus infection in humans in the border region between Brazil and Argentina. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:131-5. [PMID: 21468477 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to reports by the Ministry of Health, in the far western region of the State of Santa Catarina, there have been no reports of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a zoonotic disease transmitted by feces of infected rodents. A seroepidemiological study of residents of this region, was conducted, with the aim of determining the presence of hantavirus infections. A total of 340 volunteers of both genus, from the towns of Belmonte and Paraíso, were studied. METHODS The serum of these patients was collected and used to detect IgG antibodies against recombinant N protein of Araraquara hantavirus, by ELISA assay. The positive samples were then titrated and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS This study demonstrated the presence of IgG antibodies against hantavirus N protein in 3.5% of the population. The most frequent occupation was farm worker, 81% had direct and indirect contact with rodents, 91.7% of positive cases were farm workers, indicating that the probable cause of infection occurred during barn cleaning. These antibodies are noteworthy, given that the levels of antibodies were verified in individuals whose contact with hantavirus may have occurred many years ago. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the circulation of hantavirus in the region, a fact that until now, had not reported. All the serum reagents had contact with the pathogen, but did not develop pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome. It is important to remain alert, because hantavirus is a serious and emerging disease of some relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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Figueiredo GGD, Borges AA, Campos GM, Machado AM, Saggioro FP, Sabino Júnior GDS, Badra SJ, Ortiz AAA, Figueiredo LTM. Diagnosis of hantavirus infection in humans and rodents in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:348-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome (HPCS) is an emerging serious disease in the Americas. Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are the causative agents of this syndrome and are mainly transmitted through inhalation of aerosols containing the excreta of wild rodents. In the Ribeirão Preto region (state of São Paulo, Brazil), HPCS has been reported since 1998, caused by the Araraquara virus (ARAV), for which Necromys lasiurus is the rodent reservoir. This study aimed to show diagnostic results relating to infection in humans and rodents, obtained at the Virology Research Center of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, between 2005 and 2008. METHODS: HPCS was diagnosed by means of ELISA and/or RT-PCR in 11 (21.2%) out of 52 suspected cases, and 54.4% of these were fatal. Furthermore, 595 wild rodents (Necromys lasiurus, Akodon sp, Calomys tener and Oligoryzomys sp) were caught between 2005 and 2008. RESULTS: Fifteen (2.5%) of these rodents presented antibodies for hantavirus, as follows: Necromys lasiurus (4%), Calomys tener (1.9%) and Akodon sp (1.5%). Nucleotide sequences obtained through RT-PCR from one HPCS patient and one Calomys tener rodent were compared with hantavirus sequences from GenBank, which showed that both were homologous with ARAV. CONCLUSIONS: This work corroborates previous studies showing that ARAV is the hantavirus causing HPCS in the Ribeirão Preto region. It also shows that rodents infected with hantavirus represent a constant risk of transmission of this virus to man.
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Barreira LAC, Machado AM, Aquino VH, Badra SJ, Figueiredo LTM. [Standardization and use of an immunoenzymatic method using infected cells as antigens in routine diagnosing of dengue]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:268-71. [PMID: 20563494 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper show the standardization and use of the immunoenzymatic method using infected cells as antigens (EIA-ICC) for routine serological diagnosing of dengue. METHODS In optimizing the test, a dose of 1,000 TCID50 of dengue type 3 virus (DENV-3) was used, and 100,000 C636 cells infected with 1,000 TCID50 (DENV-3) were used. RESULTS The results obtained with EIA-ICC were compared with the HUMAN commercial dengue kit. The results were highly concordant. The EIA-ICC showed moderate sensitivity and high specificity. The test was used for serologically diagnosing 1,797 blood samples from suspected dengue cases during the 2006 epidemic in Ribeirao Preto. From the serological evaluation, 228 samples were positive for IgM against DENV-3; 235 samples were positive for IgG against DENV-3; and 35 samples were positive for both IgG and IgM. CONCLUSIONS EIA-ICC was shown to be reliable and simple, and suitable for serologically diagnosing dengue.
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Machado AM, Figueiredo GG, Campos GM, Lozano ME, Machado ARDSR, Figueiredo LTM. Standardization of an ELISA test using a recombinant nucleoprotein from the Junin virus as the antigen and serological screening for arenavirus among the population of Nova Xavantina, State of Mato Grosso. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:229-33. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Arenavirus hemorrhagic fever is a severe emerging disease. METHODS: Considering that the levels of antibodies against arenavirus in the Brazilian population are completely unknown, we have standardized an ELISA test for detecting IgG antibodies using a recombinant nucleoprotein from the Junin virus as the antigen. This protein was obtained by inserting the gene of the Junin virus nucleoprotein into the genome of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. This recombinant baculovirus was used to infect S. frugiperda cells (SF9). RESULTS: The infection resulted in synthesis of high concentrations of recombinant protein. This protein was detected on 12.5% polyacrylamide gel and by means of Western blot. Using the standardized ELISA test, 343 samples from the population of Nova Xavantina were analyzed. We observed that 1.4% of the serum samples (five samples) presented antibody titers against arenavirus. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the population studied may present exposure to arenavirus infection.
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Machado AM, de Figueiredo GG, Sabino dos Santos Jr G, Figueiredo LTM. Laboratory diagnosis of human hantavirus infection: novel insights and future potential. Future Virol 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.09.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections by Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae) can cause severe human diseases, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. These diseases are emergent and became a serious public health problem worldwide. Thus, rapid, sensitive and reliable methods for diagnosis of hantavirus infection are necessary in order to manage patients and control this rodent-borne virosis. Serological methods, such as neutralization tests, immunoblots and enzyme immunoassays using hantavirus-recombinant proteins as antigens, are discussed in this article, as well as new methods such as an immunochromatographic test. Hantavirus genome detection by different kinds of reverse transcription-PCR, including the real-time variant, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Martins Machado
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
| | - Glauciane Garcia de Figueiredo
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sabino dos Santos Jr
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-14900, Brazil
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Barp EA, Soares GLG, Gosmann G, Machado AM, Vecchi C, Moreira GRP. Phenotypic plasticity in Passiflora suberosa L.(Passifloraceae): induction and reversion of two morphs by variation in light intensity. BRAZ J BIOL 2006; 66:853-62. [PMID: 17119833 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842006000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf morphology may vary considerably even within a branch of Passiflora suberosa plants. Leaves are of a typical green type in shaded areas, but in open fields turn into violet, and apparently have greater thickness and trichome density. The proximate causes and the adaptive meaning, if any, for the existence of the violet morph are still unknown. By cultivating P. suberosa clones under two light regimes (total and partial exposure to sunlight), we consecutively induced (first year) and then reversed (second year) the appearance of the violet morph. We evaluated the corresponding changes in morpho-anatomic and chemical leaf characteristics. Plants that were grown under partial sunlight had a greater size and did not alter their green color, but those grown under total sunlight changed into violet, were smaller in size and their leaves were tougher, thicker, and had a greater number of trichomes. The violet morph had increased anthocyanins and phenolic derivatives. It also showed cellular hypertrophy, a greater number of cell layers in the mesophyll, and a lignified pericycle. Since these morphs are interchangeable by changing light conditions, we inferred that they are not determined by genotypic diversity, but are mainly a result of a physiological response to light stress, and thus part of P. suberosa phenotypic plasticity.
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Kauffmann C, Machado AM, Fleck JD, Provensi G, Pires VS, Guillaume D, Sonnet P, Reginatto FH, Schenkel EP, Gosmann G. Constituents from leaves of Quillaja brasiliensis. Nat Prod Res 2006; 18:153-7. [PMID: 14984089 DOI: 10.1080/14786410310001608055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new abietane diterpene, the 19-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside of 16-hydroxylambertic acid was isolated from the leaves of Quillaja brasiliensis together with a known prosapogenin (3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-quillaic acid), quercetin, and rutin. The new compound was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kauffmann
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
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16
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Reis AO, Cordeiro JC, Machado AM, Sader HS. In vitro antimicrobial activity of linezolid tested against vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated in Brazilian hospitals. Braz J Infect Dis 2001; 5:243-51. [PMID: 11779450 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702001000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been described recently in Brazil. This is in contrast to the USA and Europe, where the VRE appeared in the late 1980s. The progressive increase in VRE isolation poses important problems in the antimicrobial therapy of nosocomial infections. Treatment options and effective antimicrobial agents for VRE are often limited and the possibility of transfer of vancomycin genes to other Gram-positive microorganisms continues. In the search for antimicrobial agents for multiresistant Gram-positive cocci, compounds such as linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin have been evaluated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro activity of the oxazolidinone linezolid and 10 other antimicrobial agents, including quinupristin-dalfopristin, against multiresistant enterococci isolated in Brazilian hospitals. Thirty-three vancomycin resistant isolates (17 Enterococcus faecium and 16 E. faecalis), were analyzed. Strains were isolated from patients at São Paulo Hospital, Oswaldo Cruz Hospital, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, Santa Marcelina Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, and Hospital de Clínicas do Paraná. The samples were tested by a broth microdilution method following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) recommendations. All isolates were molecular typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Linezolid was the most active compound against these multiresistant enterococci, showing 100% inhibition at the susceptible breakpoints. Quinupristin/dalfopristin and teicoplanin showed poor activity against both species. The molecular typing results suggest that there has been interhospital spread of vancomycin resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis among Brazilian hospitals. The results of this study indicate that linezolid is an appropriate therapeutic option for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Reis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP 04023-063, Brazil
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17
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Linhares MM, Paiva V, Castelo Filho A, Granero LC, Pereira CA, Machado AM, Goldenberg A, Matos D. [Study of preoperative risk factors for bacteriobilia in patients with acute calculosis cholecystitis]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2001; 47:70-7. [PMID: 11340454 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302001000100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine an association between the preoperative clinical status and the result of bile and gallbladder wall cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS 28 variables regarding history, physical examination and labatorial assessment in 38 patients with acute calculosis cholecystitis submitted to urgency surgery were prospectively studied during a 19-month period, between November 1995 and May 1997. Cultures for aerobic and anaerobic agents from both the gallbladder wall and the bile were performed, in three different culture media (BACTEC 9240, BHI and HEMOBAC). RESULTS bacteria were isolated in at least one culture medium, in 68.2% of the patients. At univariate analysis, five preoperative factors were identified as predictors of bactibilia: over 55 years of age, a greater than 0.4 degrees C difference in the axillary-rectal temperature, a greater than 12.000 cels/m3 blood leukocyte count, a greater than 75% neutrophil percentage and a greater than 4% rod neutrophil percentage. Owing to the small sample size, statistical significance of the series could not be noted by logistic regression, although a trend to preoperative determination could be observed in 98% of the subjects with positive culture, by means of the model based on age and percentage of rod neutrophil. By analyzing predictive factors jointly, it was noted that patients with more than one predictive factor have a significantly greater possibility to yielding positive culture when compared to those with up to one predictive factor for bactibilia. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that, in patients with acute calculosis cholecystitis, bactibilia may be predicted yet at the preoperative period, by using simple and easily obtained data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Linhares
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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18
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Campos GM, Herani Filho B, Pereira CA, Machado AM, Baretta MC. [Bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with and without therapeutic procedure: frequency, associated factors and clinical significance]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 1997; 43:326-34. [PMID: 9595746 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42301997000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the frequency, associate factors and clinical features of bacteremia in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with or without therapeutic procedures. METHODS Prospectively, 42 consecutives patients undergoing 46 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) from August to December 1994 were analyzed. The search for bacteremia was done by drawing 6 blood samples for cultures from peripheral blood. Two blood samples were collected before the ERCP and 4 of them after. The bottles used for cultures were Bactec bottles. The bottles were incubated in the Bactec 9240 system, and eventual bacteria detect were identificated by the manual routine of the laboratory and also with the autoScan/Microscan system. RESULTS All blood cultures obtained before the ERCPs were negatives. Bacteremia were detected after 7 endoscopic procedures. In two episodes of bacteremia, the microorganism identified (Staphylococcus epidermidis) was considered to be a contaminant. The other 5 episodes of bacteremia were considered true bacteremia (frequency- 10.9%), and the microorganisms identified were: Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiello oxytoca and Enterobacter aerogenes. This episodes were more frequent in the blood cultures obtained immediately after the ERCPs (p < 0.05), and occurred exclusively in the patients who were not receiving antibiotics (p = 0.0192). Clinical manifestation of the episodes of bacteremia were not detected. CONCLUSION The episodes of bacteremia occurred exclusively in the patients who were not receiving antibiotics, were transient and completely no symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Campos
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina
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19
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Góngora-Rubio F, Pignatari AC, Costa LM, Bortolloto VI, Machado AM, De Góngora DV. [Clinical significance, epidemiology and microbiology of coagulase-negative staphylococcal nosocomial bacteremia at a teaching hospital]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 1997; 43:9-14. [PMID: 9224985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are an important cause of nosocomial bacteremia and they are frequently considered as contaminants of blood-cultures. From October 1990 to September 1992, 300 positive blood-cultures for CNS at the Hospital São Paulo were studied and 141 CNS bacteremias were characterized as nosocomial bacteremias. Clinical and microbiological criteria were defined to differentiate between true CNS bacteremia and contaminated cultures. Only 20.6% of the CNS nosocomial bacteremia were considered as true bacteremia. Most of the CNS true nosocomial bacteremia were detected among newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit; the presence of intravascular catheter and parenteral nutrition were significant findings. We did not detect significant difference between true nosocomial bacteremia and contaminated cultures regarding to resistance to oxacillin and SLIME production. The clinical criteria and the positivity of the blood-cultures up to 48 hours after incubation, utilized in our definitions, were useful parameters to characterize the CNS true nosocomial bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Góngora-Rubio
- Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP
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20
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Pimentel MI, Sampaio EP, Nery JA, Gallo ME, Saad MH, Machado AM, Duppre NC, Sarno EN. Borderline--tuberculoid leprosy: clinical and immunological heterogeneity. LEPROSY REV 1996; 67:287-96. [PMID: 9033199 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19960029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors analysed some immunological criteria in leprosy patients diagnosed as borderline tuberculoid by the presentation of different grades of skin lesions as well as different grades of nerve involvement. Only 50% of the patients presented a single skin lesion and 58% had none or only one affected nerve. Nineteen patients (39.6%) showed a positive lepromin reaction (induration > or = 5 mm). Patients with a positive skin test had a greater number of skin lesions when compared with patients with a negative lepromin test. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were found to be positive using a lymphoproliferation test (LTT) in response to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. Positive LTT results did not correlate with the number of skin lesions, but patients unresponsive to LTT had a lesser extent of nerve involvement. Four out of 18 patients (22%) released high IFN gamma levels in PBMC culture stimulated by M. leprae. (mean U/ml +/- SD = 142 +/- 72). All of these 4 patients presented only one skin lesion, although three of them had more than one affected nerve. Nineteen out of 21 patients (90.5%) showed no anti-PGL-1 antibodies in their serum. The low levels of anti-PGL-1 antibodies among these patients confirmed their tuberculoid background even in those with multiple skin lesions. These findings seem to attribute an important role to IFN gamma in restraining the spreading of the infection in the skin, but IFN gamma may have an opposite effect on the nerves. The potential pathological effects of IFN gamma during the delayed type of hypersensitivity can be related to its ability to synergise with other inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Pimentel
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Abecasis MM, Machado AM, Boavida G, Silva MG, Lúcio P, Ambrósio A, Jorge ML. Haploidentical cord blood transplant contaminated with maternal T cells in a patient with advanced leukaemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1996; 17:891-5. [PMID: 8733718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Myeloablative treatment followed by lymphohaematopoietic reconstitution with stem cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) can cure children with leukaemia. The clinical experience of UCB transplantation with HLA 2- and 3-antigen mismatched siblings is rather limited and there are no reports of such patient being given UCB significantly contaminated with maternal T lymphocytes. In this study, we report our experience in treating a child with chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis who was transplanted using UCB cells from mismatched sibling donor containing a significant number of maternal T cells. The patient received 1.17 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg after conditioning with Ara-C, busulphan, TBI and cyclophosphamide. GVHD prophylaxis was with cyclosporine and an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody. Although engraftment was somewhat slow it was complete as documented by cytogenetic analysis and DNA studies. Results of minimal residual disease monitoring by RT-PCR for the hybrid BCR/ABL gene showed no evidence of leukaemic mRNA post-transplant. Acute GVHD, skin only, developed on day +14 but promptly responded to low-dose steroids. The technique used for UCB collection may have cell contamination found. In spite of these potential disadvantages: advanced disease, HLA antigen disparate donor and significant maternal T cell contamination, the transplant was successful and at a follow-up of 14 months the child is well with no evidence of chronic GVHD. Immune naivety of cord blood and lack of immunological reactivity of maternal T cells in this context may have played a significant role in the outcome of this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Abecasis
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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Selnes OA, Jacobson L, Machado AM, Becker JT, Wesch J, Miller EN, Visscher B, McArthur JC. Normative data for a brief neuropsychological screening battery. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Percept Mot Skills 1991; 73:539-50. [PMID: 1766784 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1991.73.2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports normative data for a group of 733 homosexual/bisexual men stratified by age (range 25 to 54 years) and by education on the following six neuropsychological tests: (1) Digit Span (WAIS-R), (2) Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, (3) Symbol Digit Modalities Test, (4) Controlled Oral Word Association Test, (5) Grooved Pegboard, and (6) The Trail Making Test. Analysis demonstrates that both age and education are important determinants of performance for several of these measures.
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Miller EN, Selnes OA, McArthur JC, Satz P, Becker JT, Cohen BA, Sheridan K, Machado AM, Van Gorp WG, Visscher B. Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1-infected homosexual men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology 1990; 40:197-203. [PMID: 2405289 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.40.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological measures to assess cognitive functions in a group of 769 HIV-1 seronegative, 727 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Groups 2 and 3), and 84 symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Group 4) homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Measures included tests of attention, memory, and psychomotor speed. Comparison of group means revealed significant differences in performance between HIV-1 seronegative and symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive subjects on measures of memory and on measures with strong motor and psychomotor timed components. These findings support the sensitivity of these neuropsychological instruments for detecting cognitive changes that may be related to HIV-1, and are consistent with other reports of neuropsychological abnormalities in symptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. Asymptomatic seropositive men, on the other hand, did not differ significantly from seronegative subjects on any of the neuropsychological measures. Only 5.5% of the asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive men showed abnormal performance on individual tests. This proportion did not differ significantly from that of seronegative controls. Further, among asymptomatic seropositive subjects, we found no statistically significant differences as a function of duration of HIV infection or level of immune system functioning. Thus, results from this study support the hypothesis that the frequency of neuropsychological abnormalities in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected homosexual men is low, and not statistically different from that of seronegative controls.
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