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Rabaza A, Fraga M, Mendoza A, Giannitti F. A meta-analysis of the effects of colostrum heat treatment on colostral viscosity, immunoglobulin G concentration, and the transfer of passive immunity in newborn dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7203-7219. [PMID: 37164854 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Newborn ruminants depend on colostrum intake immediately after birth to obtain immunoglobulins for effective transfer of passive immunity (TPI). As colostrum may also be a vehicle of infectious agents, heat treatment of raw colostrum is a practice aimed at eliminating or reducing its pathogen load. Despite the usefulness of heat treatment in preventing the transmission of infectious colostrum-borne diseases, heat treatment of colostrum may have some side effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the effects of colostrum heat treatment on colostral viscosity and IgG concentration, and serum IgG concentration as a proxy for TPI in newborn calves fed raw versus heat-treated colostrum. Moderators were studied to identify sources of heterogeneity. Literature databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 1946 and 2022. A Master of Science thesis was also included. Five, 21, and 19 original publications were quantitatively evaluated in 3 separate meta-analyses, based on predefined selection criteria. Two-level and 3-level random-effects meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect of heat treatment on colostral viscosity and IgG concentration, and serum IgG concentration in newborns. Heat-treated colostrum had significantly higher viscosity (21.0 cP, 95% CI: 3.8 to 38.2) and lower IgG concentration (-7.4 g/L, 95% CI: -11.1 to -3.7) compared with raw colostrum. Overall, newborn calves fed heat-treated colostrum had higher serum IgG concentrations (2.8 g/L, 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0) 24-48 h after birth than those fed with raw colostrum. Particularly, this positive effect on the serum IgG concentrations was seen when colostrum was heat-treated at ≤60°C (2.9 g/L, 95% CI: 0.9 to 4.2) and when the standard low-temperature low-time (LTLT) method was used for heat treatment (2.6 g/L, 95% CI: 0.1 to 5.1). Colostrum treated at >60-63.5°C tended to have higher viscosity (275.6 cP, 95% CI: -37.9 to 589.3) and had lower IgG concentration (-21.7 g/L, 95% CI: -27.3 to -16.1). Calves fed colostrum treated at this temperature range had significantly lower serum IgG (-4.2 g/L, 95% CI: -7.9 to -0.4) compared with those fed raw colostrum. Heat treatment of colostrum at 72-76°C was not associated with a significant increase in colostral viscosity (6.3 cP, 95% CI: -324.3 to 336.9) nor a reduction in IgG colostral concentration (-13.1 g/L, 95% CI: -26.5 to 0.2), but calves fed colostrum treated at this temperature range had a significant reduction in serum IgG (-11.3 g/L, 95% CI: -17.1 to -5.4). Feeding newborn calves with colostrum heat-treated at ≤60°C by the standard LTLT method, particularly within 2 h after birth, resulted in increased serum IgG concentration at 24-48 h of age. Importantly, delaying feeding of heat-treated colostrum to newborns beyond 2 h of age resulted in no significant difference in IgG serum levels compared with feeding raw colostrum, highlighting the importance of early administration of heat-treated colostrum to favor TPI. On-farm colostrum heat treating should achieve an equilibrium between pathogen elimination and the preservation of colostral immunoglobulins while minimizing undesired increases in viscosity. The beneficial effects of colostrum heat treatment on TPI can be negligible if colostrum feeding is not performed within 2 h after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rabaza
- Unidad Mixta UMPI, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo + Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, 11400 Uruguay; Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, 70000 Uruguay.
| | - M Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, 70000 Uruguay
| | - A Mendoza
- Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, 70000 Uruguay
| | - F Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, 70000 Uruguay.
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Santana A, Cajarville C, Mendoza A, Repetto JL. Including 8 hours of access to alfalfa in 1 or 2 grazing sessions in dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration: Effects on intake, behavior, digestion, and milk production and composition. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6060-6079. [PMID: 37474373 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of alfalfa grazing during 8 h continuous or partitioned in 2 separated sessions of 4 h after each milking, on nutrient intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, feeding behavior, milk production, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile, in late-lactation cows fed a partial mixed ration (PMR). Twelve dairy cows (193 ± 83 d in milk, 584 ± 71 kg of body weight) were housed in individual outdoor pens and assigned to treatments according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design replicated 4 times. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (T0), cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) provided ad libitum 20.0% crude protein (CP), 32.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF); (2) fed a diet combining a PMR which had the same ingredient composition as the TMR (60% of ad libitum intake) + 1 session of 8 h of pasture (T8), continuous grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa; 20.6% CP, 35.8% NDF) after the p.m. milking; and (3) PMR (60% of ad libitum intake) + 2 daily sessions of 4 h of access to pasture after each milking (T4+4). The experiment lasted 57 d and was divided into 3 periods of 19 d each. The first 12 d of each period was used for diet adaptation, and the last 7 d was used for data collection. No differences among treatments were observed for any of the productive variables, feeding efficiency, or purine derivatives excretion. Cows in T0 had greater intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and nonfibrous carbohydrates compared with T4+4 and T8. Compared with T0, alfalfa grazing increased the concentration of C18:1 trans-11 and decreased those of C16:0 and C17:0 in milk fat. Cows in T4+4 consumed 1.1 more kg DM/d of alfalfa and N provided by alfalfa in the diet was 3 percentage points higher compared with T8 cows (266 vs. 229 g/d, respectively). In addition, T4+4 cows had a greater daily range of ruminal pH than T8 (0.73 vs. 0.93), and the highest concentrations of NH3-N were recorded during the a.m. grazing session while in T8 cows it occurred during the night. In conclusion, including 8 h of alfalfa grazing in T8 and T4+4 treatments allowed the substitution between 35.8 and 38.7% of the total dry matter intake (DMI) of a PMR (with a similar CP concentration to alfalfa) for pasture, maintaining milk solids production and increasing the C18:1 trans-11 of milk fat compared with a TMR in mid late-lactation cows. In an herbage plus PMR diet, splitting the 1 continuous grazing session of 8 h into 2 sessions of 4 h increased the proportion of energy and N provided by alfalfa pasture and reduced PMR intake, without modifying the total nutrient intake or productive performance of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santana
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud de los Sistemas Productivos (IPAV), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, San José, 801000, Uruguay
| | - C Cajarville
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud de los Sistemas Productivos (IPAV), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, San José, 801000, Uruguay
| | - A Mendoza
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Colonia, 70002, Uruguay
| | - J L Repetto
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud de los Sistemas Productivos (IPAV), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, San José, 801000, Uruguay.
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Techeira N, Keel K, Garay A, Harte F, Mendoza A, Cartaya A, Fariña S, López-Pedemonte T. Milk fatty acid profile from grass feeding strategies on 2 Holstein genotypes: Implications for health and technological properties. JDS Commun 2023; 4:169-174. [PMID: 37360123 PMCID: PMC10285234 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine if a feeding system with a variable supply of grass promoted rapid changes in the fatty acid profile and technological and health indices of milk obtained from North American (NAHF) and New Zealand (NZHF) Holstein-Friesian cows. Two feeding strategies were conducted: fixed grass (GFix) and maximized grass intake when available (GMax). The results showed that as the grass intake increased in the GMax treatments, the relative amount of palmitic acid in milk decreased, whereas oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and conjugated linoleic acids increased, causing a reduction in the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and spreadability calculated indices. The changes occurred in rapid response to the changing diet, with reductions ranging from approximately 5 to 15% in the healthy and technological indices within a period of 15 d of grass intake increase. Differences were found between the 2 genotypes, with NZHF responding faster to changes in grass intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Techeira
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - K. Keel
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A. Garay
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - F. Harte
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802
| | - A. Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A. Cartaya
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - S. Fariña
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - T. López-Pedemonte
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
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Gómez D, Mendoza A, Pedraza M, Salcedo Miranda DF, Mantilla-Sylvain F, Lozada-Martínez ID, Domínguez-Alvarado G, Cabrera Vargas LF. CHALLENGING THE DOGMAS: LAPAROSCOPIC COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION THROUGH DIATHERMY, CHOLEDOCHOTOMY AND PRIMARY CLOSURE. LONG TERM OUTCOMES IN A REFERRAL CENTER. Br J Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac443.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Choledocholithiasis is a frequent pathology, unfortunately when its endoscopic management fails there is no consensus on how it should be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCDBE) using electrosurgery (coagulation) for choledochotomy followed by primary closure after endoscopic treatment failure.
Methods
A retrospective cohort of 168 patients who underwent LCDBE from 2013 to 2018 which was conducted all by choledochotomy. Clinical demographics, operative outcomes, recurrence rate of CBD stones, and long-term bile duct complications were analyzed.
Results
The male/female ratio was 90/78 and mean age was 73 years. Stone clearance was successful in 167 patients (99.4%). Nonlethal complications were noted in 3 patients during the surgery or in the immediate postoperative (1.79%) and managed with T-tube or endoscopically. No cases of surgery-related mortality were observed. There were no signs of any type of biliary injury or stricture observed in any of the patients during the 24-month follow-up period.
Conclusions
LCBDE through choledochotomy with diathermy and primary closure can be performed without increased risk of operative complications such as important and visual-impairment bleeding as well as long-term complications such as bile duct stricture or recurrent CBD stones. LCBDE with diathermy and primary closure is a safe and effective treatment option for choledocholithiasis for failed ERCP in terms of long-term outcome as well as short-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gómez
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
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Magpoc RM, Murzo M, Jayag AP, Lee SP, Manguiat AM, Oloteo EM, Mendoza A, Hizon JS, Macalalad JC, Sison RG, Nieto XA. The Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Antigen-Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test using Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 among Patients in a Private Hospital in Bulacan, Philippines. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Continuous progression of the COVID-19 outbreak prompted an expensive, limited, and slow-moving laboratory-based molecular testing capacity of the gold standard, Real-time Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR), in detecting SARS-CoV-2. The vital step in mitigation is utilizing an accurate diagnostic detection assay to deploy various preventive measures. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate an accessible, fast, and inexpensive point-of-care immunoassay, such as Antigen-detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Ag- RDTs). Thus, the study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Ag-RDT in detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Methods/Case Report
A non-experimental, quantitative, and cross-sectional cohort study utilized 272 SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT with rRT-PCR confirmation collected from April 2021 to February 2022 in a private primary hospital laboratory database in Bulacan, Philippines. Diagnostic accuracy parameters of Ag-RDT included in the study are sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
The overall sensitivity and specificity of Ag-RDT were 69.6% and 98.8%, respectively. Additionally, it exhibited a PPV of 84.2% and an NPV of 97.2%. With a hypothetical 1% prevalence, PPV and NPV were 36.8% and 99.7%. Meanwhile, PPV and NPV were 86.5% and 96.7% at 10% prevalence. High specificity denotes that positive Ag-RDT test results can be confidently considered in true SARS-CoV-2 infection, while low sensitivity entails that a negative result must be subjected to confirmatory tests. Furthermore, when prevalence increases, PPV increases while NPV decreases.
Conclusion
The study primarily encapsulated that the Ag-RDT cannot replace rRT-PCR in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. Despite its shortcomings, Ag-RDT is still valuable in areas with moderate-to-high disease prevalence and with limited access to confirmatory test due to its high predictive values and advantages. A larger number of positive results of rRT-PCR, evaluation of factors correlating to low sensitivity, and a prospective study are recommended for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Magpoc
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - M Murzo
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - A P Jayag
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - S P Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - A M Manguiat
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - E M Oloteo
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - A Mendoza
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - J S Hizon
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - J C Macalalad
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - R G Sison
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - X A Nieto
- College of Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Santo Tomas Manila , Manila, Metro Manila , Philippines
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Rouzier V, Murrill M, Kim S, Naini L, Shenje J, Mitchell E, Raesi M, Lourens M, Mendoza A, Conradie F, Suryavanshi N, Hughes M, Shah S, Churchyard G, Swindells S, Hesseling A, Gupta A. Caregiver willingness to give TPT to children living with drug-resistant TB patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:949-955. [PMID: 36163664 PMCID: PMC9524515 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric household contacts (HHCs) of patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are at high risk of infection and active disease. Evidence of caregiver willingness to give MDR-TB preventive therapy (TPT) to children is limited.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of HHCs of patients with MDR-TB to assess caregiver willingness to give TPT to children aged <13 years.RESULTS Of 743 adult and adolescent HHCs, 299 reported caring for children aged <13 years of age. The median caregiver age was 35 years (IQR 27-48); 75% were women. Among caregivers, 89% were willing to give children MDR TPT. In unadjusted analyses, increased willingness was associated with TB-related knowledge (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.3), belief that one can die of MDR-TB (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-23.4), concern for MDR-TB transmission to child (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6-12.4), confidence in properly taking TPT (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6-12.6), comfort telling family about TPT (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.1-14.3), and willingness to take TPT oneself (OR 35.1, 95% CI 11.0-112.8).CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of caregivers living with MDR- or rifampicin-resistant TB patients were willing to give children a hypothetical MDR TPT. These results provide important evidence for the potential uptake of effective MDR TPT when implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rouzier
- GHESKIO Centers, Port-au-Prince, Haiti and Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - M Murrill
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - S Kim
- Frontier Science Foundation, Brookline, MA
| | - L Naini
- Social and Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Springs, MD, USA
| | - J Shenje
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Mitchell
- University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, South Africa
| | - M Raesi
- Gaborone Clinical Research Site, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - M Lourens
- TASK Applied Science Clinical Research Site, Bellville, South Africa
| | - A Mendoza
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación - Barranco Clinical Research Site, Lima, Peru
| | - F Conradie
- Sizwe Tropical Disease Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Suryavanshi
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College Clinical Trials Unit, Pune, India
| | - M Hughes
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - S Shah
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G Churchyard
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Swindells
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - A Gupta
- GHESKIO Centers, Port-au-Prince, Haiti and Weill Cornell Medicine, Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
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Cruz Utrilla A, Gallego N, Torrent A, Garrido-Lestache E, Guillen I, Arias S, Moya A, Mendoza A, Espin J, Rodriguez Vazquez MM, Playan-Escribano J, Labrandero C, Tenorio Castano JA, Escribano Subias P, Del Cerro MJ. Genetic background in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension. Should we change the current recommendations for genetic testing? Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe disease, genetically predisposed in a high proportion of patients. PAH is subclassified in different subtypes depending on the underlying condition. Gene variants are more frequent among heritable or idiopathic forms. Nevertheless, pathogenic variants have been described across the entire spectrum of this disease. Evidence regarding genetics in pediatric PAH is scarce [1].
Purpose
Our aim is to describe the prevalence of significant gene mutations among a pediatric PAH cohort and to define specific data in the different subtypes.
Methods
Samples for genetic studies were obtained from blood tests of patients included in the Spanish National Registry of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (REHIPED). Guardians signed informed consent before the inclusion in the study. Qualitative variables were compared by Chi-square test. Quantitative variables were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis, considering the asymmetric distribution of variables. STATA 14.0 was used for analyses.
Results
Sixty four patients were included between 2011 and 2021. Median age of the entire sample was 7.1 years (2.0–12.6) and 42.2% of them were male. There were significant differences in the age at diagnosis and race between the different included groups (table). Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were more frequent in familial pulmonary venooclusive disease (PVOD) and familial PAH cases. A similar percentage of mutations were found in idiopathic cases and in PAH associated with congenital heart disease (Figure). Gene variants in the gene encoding the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) were the most frequent mutations in the PAH familial cohort and there was also the most frequent finding in congenital heart disease and sporadic PAH, in conjunction with the TBX4 gene. Homozygous or compound heterozygous EIF2AK4 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 a kinase 4) mutations were found in all the patients diagnosed with PVOD. Heritable PAH and PVOD cases were diagnosed more frequently after family screening.
Conclusions
This study shows a comparable proportion of pathogenic-likely pathogenic gene mutations in patients diagnosed of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease and idiopathic cases, with similar distribution of specific genes. BMPR2 and TBX 4 were the most frequent gene variants in this pediatric PAH population. BMPR2 and EIF2AK4 are the most common mutations in familial PAH and PVOD subtypes, respectively.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): ACU holds a Rio Hortega Grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.JAT and NG hold grants from FEDER (Federaciόn Española de Enfermedades Raras) and from the FCHP. Table 1. Characteristics of PAH subtypesFigure 1. PAH and ACMG classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cruz Utrilla
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Pulmonary Hypertension Unit. Cardiology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Gallego
- Hospital La Paz, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Torrent
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Garrido-Lestache
- University Hospital Ramon y Cajal de Madrid, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Guillen
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Seville, Spain
| | - S Arias
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Department of pediatric cardiology, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A Moya
- University Hospital La Fe, Department of pediatric Cardiology, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Mendoza
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Department of pediatric cardiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Espin
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Arrixaca, Department of pediatric cardiology, Murcia, Spain
| | - M M Rodriguez Vazquez
- University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Department of Pediatric cardiology, Granada, Spain
| | | | - C Labrandero
- University Hospital La Paz, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Tenorio Castano
- Hospital La Paz, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Escribano Subias
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Pulmonary Hypertension Unit. Cardiology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Del Cerro
- University Hospital Ramon y Cajal de Madrid, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Madrid, Spain
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Stirling S, Delaby L, Mendoza A, Fariña S. Intensification strategies for temperate hot-summer grazing dairy systems in South America: Effects of feeding strategy and cow genotype. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12647-12663. [PMID: 34538490 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pasture-based dairy systems present the opportunity to increase productivity per hectare through increasing stocking rate and forage utilization. However, in the temperate hot-summer region of South America, different productive strategies are being adopted by farmers. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of feeding strategy (FS) and cow genotype (G) on individual animal and whole-farm biophysical performance. A design with 2 × 2 levels of intensification aiming to increase home-grown forage utilization and milk output per hectare was evaluated. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, combining 2 feeding strategies with varying proportions of grazing in the annual feeding budget [grass fixed (GFix) and grass maximum (GMax)] and 2 Holstein Friesian cow genotypes [New Zealand (NZHF) or North American Holstein Friesian (NAHF)]. The effects of FS, G, and their interaction were analyzed using mixed models. New Zealand Holstein Friesian cows presented lower individual milk yield and higher milk component concentrations, maintained higher average body condition score, and increased body weight (BW) throughout the experiment, while presenting a better reproductive performance compared with the NAHF cows. Although all farmlets were planned at the same stocking rate on a per kilogram of BW basis, the current stocking rate changed as a result of animal performance and grass utilization resulting in NZHF cows achieving greater BW per hectare. The superior stocking rate led to greater milk solids production and feed consumption per hectare for the systems with NZHF cows. The GFix feeding strategy resulted in greater total home-grown forage harvest and conserved forage surplus than GMax. Overall, it was feasible to increase stocking rate and increase milk production per hectare from home-grown forage with differing feeding strategies and Holstein Friesian cow genotypes within grazing systems located in the temperate hot-summer climate region of South America. The interactions reported between FS × G highlight the superior productivity per hectare of NZHF cows within the GMax feeding strategy based on maximizing grazed pasture, which could represent a competitive intensification strategy in terms of cost of production for this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stirling
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, 39173 Colonia, Uruguay.
| | - L Delaby
- INRAE, AgroCampus Ouest, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - A Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, 39173 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - S Fariña
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, 39173 Colonia, Uruguay
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9
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Pérez-Herrán E, Mendoza A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacterium sps in High-Throughput Format. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2314:637-648. [PMID: 34235674 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is an essential part of clinical microbiology. Antimicrobial testing has played a central role in the identification of new antibiotics and defining their clinical uses. Here we describe different approaches to determine the activity of compounds in medium or high-throughput format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pérez-Herrán
- Gobal Health Phama Research Unit, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC), GlaxoSmithKline, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Gobal Health Phama Research Unit, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC), GlaxoSmithKline, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Alarcón RD, Gastelumendi E, Mendoza A. Peruvian psychiatry in America and the world: its journey in search of an identity. Int Rev Psychiatry 2020; 32:303-312. [PMID: 32609064 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1761778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Throughout history, Latin American psychiatry has followed a variety of routes as its mythic-religious origins experienced the various influences of European and North American ideas of the last three centuries. In its modern trajectory, a post-colonial subordination was followed by a more selective import of ideas and a critical approach to their application in the New Continent. At one point, the identity of Latin American psychiatry was essentially considered mestiza, social and critical, reflecting a search for autonomy and originality. In this journey, Peruvian psychiatry has been considered one of the most representative versions of the history and position of the discipline. This article attempts to detail the identity-seeking process of Peruvian and Latin American Psychiatry through the life and work of three notable Peruvian figures: Honorio Delgado, Carlos Alberto Seguín and Humberto Rotondo. Delgado fostered the need for scientific evidence in support of any piece of knowledge, as well as humanism as essential component of best service and optimal patient care. Seguín led studies on folkloric and ethnic psychiatry, stimulated integrated approaches to care, and advocated in favour of a regional identity for psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato D Alarcón
- Psychiatry Section, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,Pychiatry, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eduardo Gastelumendi
- Peruvian Psychiatric Association and Peruvian Psychoanalytic Society, Lima, Perú
| | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Family Sciences, University of Louvain, Belgium.,Family Service, Hermilio Valdizán Hospital.,Psychiatry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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11
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Mendoza A, Wijma R, Morales Piñeyrúa JT, Cavestany D. Carbohydrate source offered in the prepartum diet did not affect postpartum metabolic status or milk yield in dairy cows. Animal 2019; 13:2289-2296. [PMID: 30832743 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the provision of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) during the prepartum period is a feeding strategy that has been recommended to facilitate the transition to the onset of lactation and improve dairy cow performance, but results are contradictory, probably because most studies have confounded the effects of level and source of energy. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of the source of carbohydrate offered in the prepartum diet on postpartum cow performance. Holstein dairy cows (n=24) were assigned to receive diets with either low (LNFC), or high (HNFC) levels of NFC during the last 3 weeks before expected calving date according to a randomized complete block design. Soybean hulls and corn grain were the main energy ingredients in the LNFC and HNFC total mixed rations (TMR), respectively, and diets were designed to be isocaloric and isoproteic. After calving, all cows were managed as a single group until day 56 postpartum and grazed on improved pastures and were supplemented with a TMR. Body condition score evaluation and blood sampling were performed weekly throughout the experimental period to monitor the metabolic status of the animals. Prepartum glucose concentrations tended to be greater in HNFC than LNFC, but there was no effect on prepartum or postpartum insulin concentrations. Although nutrient intake was greater in the immediate week after calving in HNFC than LNFC, treatment did not affect milk yield and composition. In conclusion, increasing the NFC intake during the prepartum period, at a similar level of energy and protein intake, had a marginal residual effect on postpartum intake, and did not affect metabolic status or milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50, Km 12, CP 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bovinos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1, Km 42, CP 80100, San José, Uruguay
| | - R Wijma
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50, Km 12, CP 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - J T Morales Piñeyrúa
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50, Km 12, CP 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - D Cavestany
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
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12
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Opollo VS, Wu X, Hughes MD, Swindells S, Gupta A, Hesseling A, Churchyard G, Kim S, Lando R, Dawson R, Mave V, Mendoza A, Gonzales P, Kumarasamy N, von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, Conradie F, Shenje J, Fontain SN, Garcia-Prats A, Asmelash A, Nedsuwan S, Mohapi L, Mngqibisa R, Garcia Ferreira AC, Okeyo E, Naini L, Jones L, Smith B, Shah NS. HIV testing uptake among the household contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis index cases in eight countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:1443-1449. [PMID: 30606316 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The household contacts (HHCs) of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) index cases are at high risk of tuberculous infection and disease progression, particularly if infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV testing is important for risk assessment and clinical management. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multi-country study of adult MDR-TB index cases and HHCs. All adult and child HHCs were offered HIV testing if never tested or if HIV-negative >1 year previously when last tested. We measured HIV testing uptake and used logistic regression to evaluate predictors. RESULTS A total of 1007 HHCs of 284 index cases were enrolled in eight countries. HIV status was known at enrolment for 226 (22%) HHCs; 39 (4%) were HIV-positive. HIV testing was offered to 769 (98%) of the 781 remaining HHCs; 544 (71%) agreed to testing. Of 535 who were actually tested, 26 (5%) were HIV-infected. HIV testing uptake varied by site (median 86%, range 0-100%; P < 0.0001), and was lower in children aged <18 years than in adults (59% vs. 78%; adjusted for site P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS HIV testing of HHCs of MDR-TB index cases is feasible and high-yield, with 5% testing positive. Reasons for low test uptake among children and at specific sites-including sites with high HIV prevalence-require further study to ensure all persons at risk for HIV are aware of their status.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Opollo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - X Wu
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M D Hughes
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Swindells
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - A Gupta
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg
| | | | - S Kim
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - R Lando
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - R Dawson
- University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, South Africa
| | - V Mave
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College Clinical Trials Unit, Pune, India
| | - A Mendoza
- Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Barranco Clinical Research Site, Lima
| | - P Gonzales
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, San Miguel Clinical Research Site (CRS), Lima, Peru
| | - N Kumarasamy
- Chennai Antiviral Research and Treatment CRS, Chennai, India
| | | | - F Conradie
- University of the Witwatersrand, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg
| | - J Shenje
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S N Fontain
- GHESKIO (Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes) Centers Institute of Infectious Diseases and Reproductive Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - A Garcia-Prats
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg
| | | | - S Nedsuwan
- Prevention and Treatment of HIV infection, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiangrai, Thailand
| | | | - R Mngqibisa
- Durban International CRS, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - E Okeyo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - L Naini
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, Silver Springs, Maryland
| | - L Jones
- Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - B Smith
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - N S Shah
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Capelesso A, Kozloski G, Mendoza A, Pla M, Repetto JL, Cajarville C. Reducing milking frequency in early lactation improved the energy status but reduced milk yield during the whole lactation of primiparous Holstein cows consuming a total mixed ration and pasture. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8919-8930. [PMID: 31421882 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the immediate and long-term performance effects of milking frequency during early lactation of primiparous dairy cows consuming a total mixed ration and pasture, 20 Holstein cows were assigned in a randomized block design to either once-daily (1×) or twice-daily (2×) milking during the first 8 wk of lactation (treatment period). After the treatment period, all cows were milked 2× until wk 43 of lactation. Cows were fed a total mixed ration (approximately 15 kg of DM/cow per day) and allowed to graze an oat pasture (Avena sativa). Dry matter intake was 19.1 kg of DM/cow per day on average and was not affected by treatments. Milk yield was 40% lower in cows milked 1× during the treatment period, and a carryover effect existed until wk 21 of lactation, resulting in a final reduction of 15% of milk yield in the whole lactation. Milk lactose concentration decreased, whereas fat and protein concentrations increased for cows milked 1×. Mobilization of energy reserves during the treatment period occurred in both groups, but cows milked 1× showed greater body condition score and greater backfat thickness. In conclusion, milking 1× during the first 8 wk of lactation resulted in immediate and carryover negative effects on milk and milk solid yield without affecting feed intake, resulting in the improved energy status of primiparous dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Capelesso
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ruta 1 km 42.5, San José, Uruguay; Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105900, Brazil
| | - G Kozloski
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105900, Brazil
| | - A Mendoza
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Pla
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - J L Repetto
- Departamento de Producción de Bovinos, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ruta 1 km 42.5, San José, Uruguay
| | - C Cajarville
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ruta 1 km 42.5, San José, Uruguay.
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14
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Mancilla Y, Hernandez Paniagua IY, Mendoza A. Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2019; 69:548-564. [PMID: 30513261 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1549121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ambient air of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) in Mexico frequently exhibits high levels of PM10 and PM2.5. However, no information exists on the chemical composition of coarse particles (PMc = PM10 - PM2.5). A monitoring campaign was conducted during the summer of 2015, during which 24-hr average PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected using high-volume filter-based instruments to chemically characterize the fine and coarse fractions of the PM. The collected samples were analyzed for anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-), cations (Na+, NH4+, K+), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 35 trace elements (Al to Pb). During the campaign, the average PM2.5 concentrations did not showed significance differences among sampling sites, whereas the average PMc concentrations did. In addition, the PMc accounted for 75% to 90% of the PM10 across the MMA. The average contribution of the main chemical species to the total mass indicated that geological material including Ca, Fe, Si, and Al (45%) and sulfates (11%) were the principal components of PMc, whereas sulfates (54%) and organic matter (30%) were the principal components of PM2.5. The OC-to-EC ratio for PMc ranged from 4.4 to 13, whereas that for PM2.5 ranged from 3.97 to 6.08. The estimated contribution of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) to the total mass of organic aerosol in PM2.5 was estimated to be around 70-80%; for PMc, the contribution was lower (20-50%). The enrichment factors (EF) for most of the trace elements exhibited high values for PM2.5 (EF: 10-1000) and low values for PMc (EF: 1-10). Given the high contribution of crustal elements and the high values of EFs, PMc is heavily influenced by soil resuspension and PM2.5 by anthropogenic sources. Finally, the airborne particles found in the eastern region of the MMA were chemically distinguishable from those in its western region. Implications: Concentration and chemical composition patterns of fine and coarse particles can vary significantly across the MMA. Public policy solutions have to be built based on these observations. There is clear evidence that the spatial variations in the MMA's coarse fractions are influenced by clearly recognizable primary emission sources, while fine particles exhibit a homogeneous concentration field and a clear spatial pattern of increasing secondary contributions. Important reductions in the coarse fraction can come from primary particles' emission controls; for fine particles, control of gaseous precursors-particularly sulfur-containing species and organic compounds-should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mancilla
- a Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias , Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Nuevo León , México
| | | | - A Mendoza
- a Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias , Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Nuevo León , México
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15
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Pastorini M, Pomiés N, Repetto JL, Mendoza A, Cajarville C. Productive performance and digestive response of dairy cows fed different diets combining a total mixed ration and fresh forage. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4118-4130. [PMID: 30827558 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding increasing levels of fresh forage (FF) as a proportion of total dry matter intake (DMI) on nutrient intake, rumen digestion, nutrient utilization, and productive performance of total mixed ration (TMR)-fed cows. Twelve dairy cows (90 ± 22 d in milk, 523 ± 88 kg of body weight, 7,908 ± 719 kg of milk production in the previous lactation) were housed in individual tiestalls and assigned to treatments according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design replicated 4 times. Treatments were 100% TMR (T100), 75% TMR plus 25% FF (T75), and 50% TMR plus 50% FF (T50). The experiment lasted 60 d, divided into 3 periods of 20 d each; the first 12 d of each period were used for diet adaptation and the last 8 d for data collection. The TMR (18.1% crude protein, 24.6% acid detergent fiber) and FF (Lolium multiflorum; 15.1% crude protein, 24.1% acid detergent fiber) were prepared and cut daily and offered to each cow individually. The highest DMI was reached in T100 and T75, which was reflected in greater intake of the different nutrients than T50. No differences were detected in the apparent total digestibility of the nutrients, mean ruminal pH, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations among treatments. Cows in T50 resulted in the lowest ruminal N-NH3 concentration and the lowest microbial N flow to the duodenum. Milk yield was 8.5% higher from cows in T100 and T75 compared with T50, but we observed no differences for milk fat or milk protein yield among treatments. Milk fat of cows fed T50 had 8% more unsaturated fatty acids (FA) than that of cows fed T100, mostly because of a higher content of monounsaturated FA. Additionally, cows in T50 had a higher concentration of linoleic acid, vaccenic acid, and rumenic acid than T100. Meanwhile, the concentration of linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in cows fed T75 was higher than T100. The milk fat of the cows fed T50 and T75 had a lower n-6:n-3 ratio than T100. We concluded that including up to 29% of FF in the total DMI in combination with a TMR did not affect the intake or digestion of nutrients or the productive response in dairy cows and resulted in a higher concentration of desirable FA from a consumer's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pastorini
- Campo Experimental N°2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42, CP 80100 San José, Uruguay
| | - N Pomiés
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42, CP 80100 San José, Uruguay
| | - J L Repetto
- Departamento de Bovinos, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42, CP 80100 San José, Uruguay
| | - A Mendoza
- Departamento de Bovinos, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42, CP 80100 San José, Uruguay; Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, CP 70002 Colonia, Uruguay
| | - C Cajarville
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42, CP 80100 San José, Uruguay.
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Heske CM, Gibson AE, Baumgart JT, Yeung C, Issaq SH, Mendoza A, Johnson MS, Squadrito GL, Culp L, Darley-Usmar VM, Neckers LM. Abstract B16: Evaluation of LDH inhibition as a treatment strategy in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca17-b16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Long-term outcomes for patients with relapsed, recurrent, or metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) remain poor despite advances in multimodal chemotherapy and local tumor control. The discovery of new targets and novel therapies is therefore critical to improving care for these patients. Recent insights into the metabolic landscape of ES have revealed that the EWS/FLI1 fusion oncoprotein regulates metabolic pathways in this disease, including shifting glucose consumption away from oxidative metabolism and towards glycolysis, a pathway that relies on LDH. Targeting this increased dependence on glycolysis presents an opportunity to inhibit the growth of ES cells through a novel therapeutic approach, while potentially limiting the toxicity delivered to normal cells. We therefore sought to evaluate the activity of NCGC-737 and NCGC-006, two novel LDHA/B inhibitors identified and validated as part of the Experimental Therapeutics Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI-NExT), in ES.
For in vitro studies, proliferation of ES cells lines was assessed after inhibition of LDHA/B by each agent using IncuCyte and MTS assays. Protein expression of phospho- and total LDH was evaluated by Western blot. LDH activity was assessed using the pyruvate-dependent oxidation of NADH. NAD/NADH levels were determined using NAD/NADH-Glo. Analysis of glycolytic profiles was performed using the Agilent Extracellular Flux Analyzer. For in vivo studies, female SCID mice underwent orthotopic injection of ES cells from established cell lines. When tumors reached a desired size, mice were randomized and then treated on a variety of dosing schedules. Toxicity assessments included evaluation of overall appearance, weekly weights, blood sampling, and full necropsies on selected mice. Tumors were measured twice per week for assessment of efficacy. Tumors were harvested at midpoints and at study endpoint for assessments of drug level, target inhibition, and biology.
ES cell lines displayed varying sensitivity to NCGC-737 and NCGC-006, with IC-50 values ranging from 50 nM to 500 nM. While protein expression of phospho-LDH, total LDH-A, and total LDH-B were not correlated with sensitivity to either agent, glycolytic profiles were predictive of sensitivity. Cell lines that underwent a greater reduction in glycolytic capacity (the change in ECAR measured before and after oligomycin treatment) after LDHA/B inhibition experienced a greater antiproliferative effect, while cell lines that were able to maintain glycolytic capacity despite LDHA/B inhibition exhibited less of an effect on growth. In vivo studies to describe the toxicity of these agents demonstrated that hemolysis was the primary dose-limiting toxicity, and was dose dependent. Additional toxicity studies of specific tissues are ongoing and will be reported. Preliminary in vivo studies to optimize dosing regimen established that compared to oral dosing, intravenous dosing resulted in higher and more consistent tumor drug levels and improved target inhibition, with up to 93% of intratumoral LDH activity inhibited. Efficacy studies are ongoing and will be reported.
Preclinical data suggest that inhibition of LDHA/B may represent a potentially novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ES.
Citation Format: Christine M. Heske, Anna E. Gibson, Josh T. Baumgart, Choh Yeung, Sameer H. Issaq, A Mendoza, Michelle S. Johnson, Guiseppe L. Squadrito, Lillian Culp, Victor M. Darley-Usmar, Len M. Neckers. Evaluation of LDH inhibition as a treatment strategy in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Choh Yeung
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
| | | | - A Mendoza
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD,
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Perales A, Sánchez E, Barahona L, Oliveros M, Bravo E, Mendoza A, Aguilar W, Ocampo JC, Pinto M, Orellana I. Conducta y personalidad disociales en estudiantes de medicina: implicancias para la educación médica peruana. An Fac med 2018. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v79i3.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigaciones previas sobre conducta suicida realizadas en estudiantes de medicina hallaron, como variable asociada, una alta prevalencia de vida (PV) de indicadores de conducta disocial. Tal resultado obliga a sospechar presencia de personalidad de este tipo en dicha población. Con el objetivo de aportar nuevos elementos que complementen los estudios previos, el presente artículo analiza el concepto de personalidad disocial y discute los resultados de un estudio piloto que evaluó su presencia en una muestra de alumnos recién ingresados a la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se encontró que de 175 estudiantes, 33 resultaron positivos a indicadores de conducta disocial (19% de PV) durante una primera evaluación; de este grupo, 30 se presentaron a una segunda evaluación diagnóstica, de los cuales cinco superaron el punto de corte para personalidad disocial, y 11 obtuvieron puntaje de sospecha de tal desarrollo. Sobre estos resultados sugerimos que la universidad debiera aceptar la responsabilidad de continuar investigando esta área, crear intervenciones preventivo-terapéuticas tempranas e innovaciones curriculares para reducir el riesgo de producir profesionales tecnicamente bien entrenados pero con minusvalías morales.
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Villamil-Gómez W, Padilla-Ruiz D, Mendoza A, Álvarez Á, Parra-Saad E, Rodriguez-Morales A. Zika virus-associated urinary bladder agenesis, Colombia. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Gómez CJ, Sánchez N, Mendoza A, Rubio M, Serrano A, Aguiló M. Impact of the pharmaceutical smoking cessation service on the Spanish community pharmacy. Tob Prev Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/90656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gómez JC, Navidad S, Mendoza A, Ramón JM, Aguiló M, Cano M. CESAR Programme. Qualification for providing smoking cessation service in Spanish community pharmacies. Tob Prev Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/90651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mendoza A, Pérez AE, Aggarwal A, Drewnowski A. Energy density of foods and diets in Mexico and their monetary cost by socioeconomic strata: analyses of ENSANUT data 2012. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:713-721. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Mendoza A, Torrisi DM, Sell S, Cady NC, Lawrence DA. Grating coupled SPR microarray analysis of proteins and cells in blood from mice with breast cancer. Analyst 2017; 141:704-12. [PMID: 26539568 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery for early disease diagnosis is highly important. Of late, much effort has been made to analyze complex biological fluids in an effort to develop new markers specific for different cancer types. Recent advancements in label-free technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors have shown promise as a diagnostic tool since there is no need for labeling or separation of cells. Furthermore, SPR can provide rapid, real-time detection of antigens from biological samples since SPR is highly sensitive to changes in surface-associated molecular and cellular interactions. Herein, we report a lab-on-a-chip microarray biosensor that utilizes grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) and grating-coupled surface plasmon coupled fluorescence (GCSPCF) imaging to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a mouse model (FVB-MMTV-PyVT). GCSPR and GCSPCF analysis was accomplished by spotting antibodies to surface cell markers, cytokines and stress proteins on a nanofabricated GCSPR microchip and screening blood samples from FVB control mice or FVB-MMTV-PyVT mice with developing mammary carcinomas. A transgenic MMTV-PyVT mouse derived cancer cell line was also analyzed. The analyses indicated that CD24, CD44, CD326, CD133 and CD49b were expressed in both cell lines and in blood from MMTV-PyVT mice. Furthermore, cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, along with heat shock proteins HSP60, HSP27, HSc70(HSP73), HSP90 total, HSP70/HSc70, HSP90, HSP70, HSP90 alpha, phosphotyrosine and HSF-1 were overexpressed in MMTV-PyVT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - D M Torrisi
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - S Sell
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - N C Cady
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
| | - D A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Domínguez-Manzano P, Herraiz I, Mendoza A, Aguilar JM, Escribano D, Toral B, Gómez-Montes E, Galindo A. Impact of prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries on postnatal outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2858-2863. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1265934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Domínguez-Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Heart Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Herraiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Mendoza
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Heart Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Aguilar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Heart Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Escribano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Toral
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Heart Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Gómez-Montes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Galindo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Orwat K, Mendoza A, Young Pierce J, Cooper S. Predictive Value of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Local Control After Chemoradiation for Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rožman K, Sosič I, Fernandez R, Young RJ, Mendoza A, Gobec S, Encinas L. A new 'golden age' for the antitubercular target InhA. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:492-502. [PMID: 27663094 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main contributing factor in unfavorable outcomes in the treatment of tuberculosis. Studies suggest that direct inhibitors of InhA, an enoyl-ACP-reductase, might yield promising clinical candidates that can be developed into new antitubercular drugs. In this review, we describe the application of different hit-identification strategies to InhA, which clearly illustrate the druggability of its active site through distinct binding mechanisms. We further characterize four classes of InhA inhibitors that show novel binding modes, and provide evidence of their successful target engagement as well as their in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Rožman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raquel Fernandez
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert J Young
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Herfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lourdes Encinas
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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Abrahams KA, Chung CW, Ghidelli-Disse S, Rullas J, Rebollo-López MJ, Gurcha SS, Cox JAG, Mendoza A, Jiménez-Navarro E, Martínez-Martínez MS, Neu M, Shillings A, Homes P, Argyrou A, Casanueva R, Loman NJ, Moynihan PJ, Lelièvre J, Selenski C, Axtman M, Kremer L, Bantscheff M, Angulo-Barturen I, Izquierdo MC, Cammack NC, Drewes G, Ballell L, Barros D, Besra GS, Bates RH. Identification of KasA as the cellular target of an anti-tubercular scaffold. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12581. [PMID: 27581223 PMCID: PMC5025758 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic screens for bactericidal compounds are starting to yield promising hits against tuberculosis. In this regard, whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous resistant mutants generated against an indazole sulfonamide (GSK3011724A) identifies several specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the essential Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-ketoacyl synthase (kas) A gene. Here, this genomic-based target assignment is confirmed by biochemical assays, chemical proteomics and structural resolution of a KasA-GSK3011724A complex by X-ray crystallography. Finally, M. tuberculosis GSK3011724A-resistant mutants increase the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration and the in vivo 99% effective dose in mice, establishing in vitro and in vivo target engagement. Surprisingly, the lack of target engagement of the related β-ketoacyl synthases (FabH and KasB) suggests a different mode of inhibition when compared with other Kas inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis in bacteria. These results clearly identify KasA as the biological target of GSK3011724A and validate this enzyme for further drug discovery efforts against tuberculosis. Screens for bactericidal compounds have resulted in promising anti-tubercular hits. Here, the authors analyse in detail the target of an indazole sulfonamide (GSK3011724A), and find that it has a different mode of inhibition compared to other Kas inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Abrahams
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Joaquín Rullas
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Rebollo-López
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudagar S Gurcha
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonathan A G Cox
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Navarro
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarete Neu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Paul Homes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Ruth Casanueva
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patrick J Moynihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Selenski
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
| | - Matthew Axtman
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.,INSERM, CPBS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome-a GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Cacho Izquierdo
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas C Cammack
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome-a GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barros
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert H Bates
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
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Mendoza A, Cajarville C, Repetto JL. Digestive response of dairy cows fed diets combining fresh forage with a total mixed ration. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8779-8789. [PMID: 27544857 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to quantify the response of dairy cows fed a total mixed ration (TMR) to increasing access to high-quality temperate fresh forage with respect to energy intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein flow, passage rate, nutrient digestion and utilization, and metabolic and endocrine profiles. Nine Holstein cows fed a TMR were assigned to the following treatments according to a 3×3 Latin square replicated 3 times with 20-d periods and sampling on the last 10 d of each period: 0 (T0), 4 (T4), or 8 (T8) h of daily access to fresh forage. The forage (Lolium multiflorum; 17.1% crude protein, 26.5% acid detergent fiber) was cut daily and offered ad libitum beginning at 0800h, and a TMR (16.1% crude protein, 22.9% acid detergent fiber) was offered ad libitum during the remaining time. Energy intake and balance were higher in T0 than in T8, which was reflected in higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations in T0. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rumen were higher in T0 and T4 than in T8, pH was lower in T4 than in T8, and ammonia-N was higher in T0 than in T8. No differences among treatments were detected in microbial protein flow to the duodenum, digestibility of nutrients, apparent efficiency of energy, or N utilization for milk production, but the total mean retention time of feed in the digestive tract was higher in T8 than in T0. It is concluded that more than 4h of daily access to high-quality fresh forage in the diet of dairy cows fed a TMR reduced energy intake and balance but had no effects on nutrient digestion or utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Departamento de Producción de Bovinos, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42.5, 80100, San José, Uruguay
| | - C Cajarville
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42.5, 80100, San José, Uruguay
| | - J L Repetto
- Departamento de Producción de Bovinos, Universidad de la República, Ruta 1 km 42.5, 80100, San José, Uruguay.
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Mendoza A, Cajarville C, Repetto J. Short communication: Intake, milk production, and milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows fed diets combining fresh forage with a total mixed ration. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1938-1944. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rodriguez O, Garrido E, Labrandero C, Blanco C, Grueso J, Mendoza A, Albert D, Del Cerro M. Pulmonary Vasodilatador Treatment in Failing Fontan: Data from the Spanish Registry for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (REHIPED). Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sogi C, Cárdenas M, Zavala S, Mendoza A, Jiménez MDR. El profesionalismo en la formación del médico en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Un estudio de sílabos. An Fac med 2016. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v76i4.11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Identificar la enseñanza del profesionalismo (excelencia, humanismo, responsabilidad y altruismo) en el plan de estudios médicos de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Diseño. estudio de sílabos. Institución. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material. Sílabos de estudios médicos. Métodos. Se examinó 22 sílabos de un total de 38 correspondientes al plan de estudios médicos del 1° al 6° año. Se conformó un panel de expertos y se optó por el método de análisis de contenido. Se estableció la confiabilidad interevaluador y se identificó los principios del profesionalismo en las competencias, contenidos, estrategias metodológicas y evaluación de los sílabos. Principales medidas de resultados. Enseñanza del profesionalismo. Resultados. El 58% de los 38 cursos aludió a algún principio del profesionalismo y, de estos, las competencias relacionadas con excelencia fueron las más frecuentes, seguidas de humanismo y responsabilidad. Los contenidos no se referían al profesionalismo excepto en algunos. Las estrategias metodológicas de algunos cursos mencionaban explícitamente modelos de rol del docente y el aprendizaje de la conducta profesional en la práctica clínica. La evaluación fue a través de exámenes cognoscitivos y calificación del docente que evalúa la práctica y otras actividades del alumno. Conclusiones. Los principios de excelencia, humanismo y responsabilidad estuvieron presentes en mayor medida en las secciones de competencias y estrategias metodológicas; y en menor medida, en contenido y evaluación del curso.
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Mendoza A, Zonja B, Mastroianni N, Negreira N, López de Alda M, Pérez S, Barceló D, Gil A, Valcárcel Y. Drugs of abuse, cytostatic drugs and iodinated contrast media in tap water from the Madrid region (central Spain):A case study to analyse their occurrence and human health risk characterization. Environ Int 2016; 86:107-118. [PMID: 26571428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work analyses the presence of forty-eight emerging pollutants, including twenty-five drugs of abuse and metabolites, seventeen cytostatic drugs and six iodinated contrast media, in tap water from the Madrid Region. Analysis of the target compounds in the tap water was performed by means of (on-line or off-line) solid-phase extraction followed by analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A preliminary human health risk characterization was undertaken for each individual compound and for different groups of compounds with a common mechanism of action found in tap water. The results of the study showed the presence of eight out of the twenty-five drugs of abuse and metabolites analysed, namely, the cocainics cocaine and benzoylecgonine, the amphetamine-type stimulants ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine, the opioid methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine and, finally caffeine at concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 502 ng L(-1). Four out of the six analysed iodinated contrast media, namely, diatrizoate, iohexol, iomeprol and iopromide, were detected in at least one sample, with concentration values varying between 0.4 and 5 ng L(-1). Cytostatic compounds were not detected in any sample. Caffeine was the substance showing the highest concentrations, up to 502 ng L(-1), mainly in the drinking water sampling point located in Madrid city. Among the other drugs of abuse, the most abundant compounds were cocaine and benzoylecgonine, detected at concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 86 ng L(-1) and from 0.11 to 53 ng L(-1), respectively. Regarding iodinated contrast media, iohexol was the most ubiquitous and abundant compound, with a frequency of detection of 100% and concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 ng L(-1) in basically the same range in all sampling points. Taking into account the results and types of treatment applied, ozonisation plus granular activated carbon filtration appears to be efficient in the removal of cocaine and benzoylecgonine. For the amphetamine-type stimulants, opioids and caffeine, ozonisation plus granular activated carbon filtration and ultrafiltration plus reverse osmosis showed higher removal efficiency than sand filtration. The human health risk characterization performed indicates that the lifetime consumption of the tap waters analysed has associated a negligible human health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, University Hospital of Fuenlabrada, Camino del Molino, s/n, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Zonja
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Mastroianni
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Negreira
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pérez
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H(2)O Building, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Gil
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas, s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas, s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Lopez F, Muñoz D, Mendoza A, Parra P, Rojas C, Hernandez A, Witting S, Troncoso L, Troncoso M, Marquez E. Electric sleep status: clinical and electroencephalographic description. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mendoza A, Aceña J, Pérez S, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Gil A, Valcárcel Y. Pharmaceuticals and iodinated contrast media in a hospital wastewater: A case study to analyse their presence and characterise their environmental risk and hazard. Environ Res 2015; 140:225-41. [PMID: 25880605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work analyses the presence of twenty-five pharmaceutical compounds belonging to seven different therapeutic groups and one iodinated contrast media (ICM) in a Spanish medium-size hospital located in the Valencia Region. Analysis of the target compounds in the hospital wastewater was performed by means of solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (HPLC-MS/MS). A screening level risk assessment combining the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) with dose-response data based on Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) was also applied to estimate Hazard Quotients (HQs) for the compounds investigated. Additionally, the environmental hazard associated to the various compounds measured was assessed through the calculation of the Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT) Index, which categorizes compounds according to their environmentally damaging characteristics. The results of the study showed the presence of twenty-four out of the twenty-six compounds analysed at individual concentrations ranging from 5 ng L(-1) to 2 mg L(-1). The highest concentrations corresponded to the ICM iomeprol, found at levels between 424 and 2093 μg L(-1), the analgesic acetaminophen (15-44 μg L(-1)), the diuretic (DIU) furosemide (6-15 μg L(-1)), and the antibiotics (ABIs) ofloxacin and trimethoprim (2-5 μg L(-1)). The lowest levels corresponded to the anti-inflammatory propyphenazone, found at concentrations between 5 and 44 ng L(-1). Differences in terms of concentrations of the analysed compounds have been observed in all the therapeutic groups when comparing the results obtained in this and other recent studies carried out in hospitals with different characteristics from different geographical areas and in different seasons. The screening level risk assessment performed in raw water from the hospital effluent showed that the analgesics and anti-inflammatories (AAFs) acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen, the antibiotics (ABIs) clarithromycin, ofloxacin and trimethoprim, and the β-blocker (BBL) propranolol were present at concentrations leading to HQ values higher than 10, thus indicating high risk. When applying a factor to take into account potential dilution and degradation processes, only the compound ibuprofen showed a HQ higher than 1. Likewise, the cumulative HQ or Toxic Units (TUs) calculated in the raw water for each of the therapeutic groups studied showed that these three classes of drugs were at concentrations high enough to potentially generate high risk to aquatic organisms while taking into account possible dilution and degradation processes only one of them, the AAFs can be considered to represent high risk. Finally, the environmental hazard assessment performed showed that the AAFs diclofenac and ibuprofen and the ABI clarithromycin have the highest, maximum value of 9 of PBT Index due to their inherent environmentally damaging characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. The methodology followed in the present case study can be taken as a novel approach to classify and categorize pharmaceuticals on the basis of their occurrence in hospital effluents, their derived environmental risks, and their associated environmental hazard. This classification becomes important because it can be used as a model or orientation for hospitals in the process of developing environmentally sustainable policies and as an argument to justify the adoption of advanced, specific treatments for hospital effluents before being discharged into the public sewage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb). Rey Juan Carlos University. Avda. Tulipán, s/n. 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; Department of Occupational Health and Safety. University Hospital of Fuenlabrada. Camino del Molino, s/n. 28942 Fuenlabrada (Madrid), Spain.
| | - J Aceña
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group. Department of Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26. 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pérez
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group. Department of Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26. 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group. Department of Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26. 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group. Department of Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26. 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Gil
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University. Avda. Atenas, s/n. 28922 Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb). Rey Juan Carlos University. Avda. Tulipán, s/n. 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University. Avda. Atenas, s/n. 28922 Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain.
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Munden A, Butschek R, Tom WL, Marshall JS, Poeltler DM, Krohne SE, Alió AB, Ritter M, Friedlander DF, Catanzarite V, Mendoza A, Smith L, Friedlander M, Friedlander SF. Prospective study of infantile haemangiomas: incidence, clinical characteristics and association with placental anomalies. Br J Dermatol 2015; 170:907-13. [PMID: 24641194 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology and exact incidence of infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are unknown. Prior studies have noted immunohistochemical and biological characteristics shared by IHs and placental tissue. OBJECTIVES We investigated the possible association between placental anomalies and the development of IHs, as well as the demographic characteristics and other risk factors for IHs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pregnant women (n = 578) were prospectively enrolled and their offspring followed for 9 months. Placental evaluations were performed and demographic data collected on all mother-infant pairs. RESULTS We evaluated 594 infants: 34 haemangiomas [either IH or congenital (CH)] were identified in 29 infants, yielding an incidence of 4·5% for IH (27 infants) and 0·3% for CH (two infants). Placental anomalies were noted in almost 35% of haemangioma-related pregnancies, approximately twice the incidence noted in pregnancies with unaffected infants (P = 0·025). Other risk factors for IH included prematurity (P = 0·016) and low birth weight (P = 0·028). All IHs were present by 3 months of age, and cessation of growth had occurred in all by 9 months of age. Most occurred on the trunk. Of note, 20% of identified IHs were abortive or telangiectatic in nature, small focal lesions that did not proliferate beyond 3 months of age. Only one IH required intervention. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective American study to document the incidence of IHs in infants followed from birth to early infancy. The association with placental anomalies was statistically significant. The overall incidence mirrors prior estimates, but the need for treatment was lower than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Munden
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Drewnowski A, Rehm CD, Maillot M, Mendoza A, Monsivais P. The feasibility of meeting the WHO guidelines for sodium and potassium: a cross-national comparison study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006625. [PMID: 25795689 PMCID: PMC4369002 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine joint compliance with the WHO sodium-potassium goals in four different countries, using data from nationally representative dietary surveys. SETTING Compared to national and international recommendations and guidelines, the world's population consumes too much sodium and inadequate amounts of potassium. The WHO recommends consuming less than 2000 mg sodium (86 mmol) and at least 3510 mg potassium (90 mmol) per person per day. PARTICIPANTS Dietary surveillance data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2007-2010) for the USA; the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 for Mexico; the Individual and National Study on Food Consumption (INCA2) for France; and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) for the UK. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES We estimated the proportion of adults meeting the joint WHO sodium-potassium goals in the USA, the UK, France and Mexico. RESULTS The upper bounds of joint compliance with the WHO sodium-potassium goals were estimated at 0.3% in the USA, 0.15% in Mexico, 0.5% in France and 0.1% in the UK. CONCLUSIONS Given prevailing food consumption patterns and the current food supply, implementing WHO guidelines will be an enormous challenge for global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France
| | - Colin D Rehm
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Centro de Investigación e Inteligencia Económica, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pablo Monsivais
- The Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bergonzini S, Mendoza A, Paz MA, Garcia E, Aguilar JM, Arlati FG, Galletti L, Comas JV. Feasibility and safety of biventricular repair in neonates with hypoplastic left heart complex. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36:274-80. [PMID: 25096907 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-0995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a spectrum of structural cardiac malformations characterized by variable underdevelopment of the left heart-aorta complex. A minority of patients having a milder degree of left ventricular hypoplasia, described as hypoplastic left heart complex (HLHC), may be selected for biventricular repair. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of the biventricular approach in HLHC. We evaluated retrospectively 30 neonates diagnosed with HLHC from the "12 de Octubre" University Hospital, following established criteria. We analyzed the echocardiographic data recorded just after birth and at last follow-up after surgery. All patients were operated on in the neonatal period using various surgical techniques. There were no early deaths and only 1 late death after a mean follow-up of 62.9 ± 43.8 months. All patients presented a significant growth of the left ventricular structures, with a Z-score increase of 1.17 ± 1.05 for mitral annulus, 1.72 ± 1.23 for aortic annulus, and 1.33 ± 1.46 for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. Postoperatively, 18 patients showed a left valvular stenosis, and 17 patients underwent a reoperation and/or an interventional procedure. Freedom from surgery or interventional catheterizations at 1, 3 and 5 years was 53, 49 and 43%, respectively. The 29 current survivors are all in a good functional status. In our experience, we achieved good results from biventricular repair in patients with HLHC, with a significant growth of left heart structures and an excellent clinical status at a medium-term follow-up. Nevertheless, there was a high rate of reoperations and/or interventional catheterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bergonzini
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, University of Perugia, via Tristano di Joannuccio s/n, 05100, Terni, Italy,
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Abstract
A mild and transition metal-free counteranion triggered arylation strategy has been developed using diaryliodonium fluorides.
A mild and transition metal-free counteranion triggered arylation strategy has been developed using diaryliodonium fluorides. The fluoride counteranion within the hypervalent iodonium species displays unusual reactivity that activates a phenolic O–H bond leading to electrophilic O-arylation. A wide range of phenols and diaryliodonium salts are compatible with this transformation under remarkably mild conditions. Furthermore, we pre-empt the wider implications of this strategy by demonstrating the compatibility of the arylation tactic with latent carbon nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; Tel: +44 1223 336318
| | - A McNally
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; Tel: +44 1223 336318
| | - Q Y Toh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; Tel: +44 1223 336318
| | - A Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; Tel: +44 1223 336318
| | - M J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; Tel: +44 1223 336318
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Wan X, Yeung C, Heske C, Mendoza A, Hlman L. 311 IGF-1R inhibition induced activation of Yes/SFK acts as a by-pass resistance pathway in rhabdomyosarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Strauss S, Mistry P, Mendoza A, Robson M, Holme H, Nandabhiwat P, Kwok B, Qadir M, Pedley R, Whelan J, Sorensen P. 245 Chk1 is a potential novel therapeutic target that regulates cell survival and potentiates chemotherapy in osteosarcoma (OS) models. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mendoza A, Rodríguez-Gil JL, González-Alonso S, Mastroianni N, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Valcárcel Y. Drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines in the Madrid Region (Central Spain): seasonal variation in river waters, occurrence in tap water and potential environmental and human risk. Environ Int 2014; 70:76-87. [PMID: 24908641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work analyzes the seasonal variation (winter and summer) of ten drugs of abuse, six metabolites and three benzodiazepines in surface waters from the Jarama and Manzanares Rivers in the Madrid Region, the most densely populated area in Spain. The occurrence of these compounds in tap water in this region is also investigated and a preliminary human health risk characterization performed for those substances found in tap water. Finally, a screening level risk assessment that combines the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) with dose-response data to estimate Hazard Quotients (HQs) for the compounds studied is also presented. The results of this study show the presence of fourteen out of the nineteen compounds analyzed in winter and twelve of them in summer. The most ubiquitous compounds, with a frequency of detection of 100% in both seasons, were the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE), the amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) ephedrine (EPH), the opioid methadone (METH), the METH metabolite 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and the three benzodiazepines investigated, namely alprazolam (ALP), diazepam (DIA) and lorazepam (LOR). The highest concentrations observed corresponded to EPH (1020ngL(-1) in winter and 250ngL(-1) in summer). The only compounds not detected in both seasons were heroin (HER) and its metabolite 6-acetylmorphine (6ACM), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD), and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In terms of overall concentration, all sampling points presented higher concentrations in winter than in summer. Statistical analyses performed to gather evidence concerning occasional seasonal differences in the concentrations of individual substances between summer and winter showed statistically significantly higher concentrations (p<0.05) of BE, EPH and the opioid morphine (MOR) in winter than in summer. Two out of the nineteen compounds studied, namely cocaine (CO) and EPH, were detected in tap water from one sampling point at concentrations of 1.61 and 0.29ngL(-1), respectively. The preliminary human health risk characterization showed that no toxic effects could be expected at the detected concentration level in tap water. The screening level risk assessment showed that MOR, EDDP and the THC metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) were present in at least one of the sampling sites in a concentration leading to a Hazard Quotient (HQ) value between 1.0 and 10.0, thus indicating some possible adverse effects. The cumulative HQ or Toxic units (TUs) calculated for each of the groups studied showed that opioids and cannabinoids were present at concentrations high enough to potentially generate some adverse effects on at least one sampling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Eco-Toxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J L Rodríguez-Gil
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Eco-Toxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - S González-Alonso
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Eco-Toxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Mastroianni
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Eco-Toxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas, s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Benítez-Rodríguez L, Gamboa-deBuen A, Sánchez-Coronado ME, Alvarado-López S, Soriano D, Méndez I, Vázquez-Santana S, Carabias-Lillo J, Mendoza A, Orozco-Segovia A. Effects of seed burial on germination, protein mobilisation and seedling survival in Dodonaea viscosa. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2014; 16:732-739. [PMID: 24148161 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration of disturbed areas requires substantial knowledge of the germination of native plants and the creation of novel methods to increase seedling establishment in the field. We studied the effects of soil matrix priming on the germination of Dodonaea viscosa seeds, which exhibit physical dormancy. To this end, we buried both pre-scarified (in H2SO4, 3 min) and non-pre-scarified seeds in the Parque Ecológico de la Ciudad de México. After seeds were unearthed, they were post-scarified for 0, 2, 6 and 10 min and their germination percentages compared to the germination of a control batch of laboratory-stored seeds. For both control and unearthed seeds, the protein pattern was determined in the enriched storage protein fraction in SDS-PAGE gels stained with Coomassie blue. Percentage germination increased as the scarification time increased. Pre-scarification significantly increased percentage germination of post-scarified seeds in relation to the control and non-pre-scarified seeds. In seeds unearthed from the forest site, the buried pre-scarified seeds had relatively high percentage germination, even in the absence of post-scarification treatment. A 48-kDa protein was not found in unearthed, pre-scarified seeds nor in the control germinated seeds, indicating that mobilisation of this protein occurred during soil priming. Burying seeds for a short period, including the beginning of the rainy season, promoted natural priming, which increased protein mobilisation. Functionally, priming effects were reflected in high percentage seedling survival in both the shade house and the field. Seed burial also reduced the requirement for acidic post-scarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benítez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F, México
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Abstract
Propósito: Estudiar la vocación médica desde una perspectiva científica. Objetivos: Analizar la vocación médica respecto a sus orígenes yfactores asociados a su desarrollo en médicos considerados ejemplos de conducta profesional y vocación médica. Diseño: Investigación cualitativa,con muestreo de caso típico y entrevistas en profundidad. Institución: Instituto de Ética en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad NacionalMayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Médicos. Metodología: La muestra estuvo conformada por 76 médicos seleccionados enbase a criterios pre-establecidos, miembros de las cuatro instituciones médicas más prestigiadas del país: Academia Nacional de Medicina,Academia Peruana de Cirugía y Facultades de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y Universidad Peruana CayetanoHeredia. Se obtuvo su consentimiento informado. Principales medidas de resultados: Orígenes y factores asociados a vocación médica.Resultados: El 82% correspondió al sexo masculino; edad promedio 71,6 años, con rango de edad 49 a 88 años; 8% era hijo/a de médicoy 14% tenía otro familiar médico; 30% era el/la mayor de los hijos. La vocación médica no siguió un patrón único, pudiendo iniciarseen diferentes momentos del ciclo vital, incluso después de que el alumno hubo ingresado a la Facultad de Medicina. Entre los factoresexplicativos más frecuentemente asociados destacaron una dinámica personal y la influencia familiar, aunque hubo dos casos en los que nose encontró factor explicativo alguno. A base de los resultados se presenta definiciones de vocación y vocación médica. Conclusiones: Elanálisis de la información permite entender la vocación médica como un proceso que se genera en un ser humano en virtud de dos factores:uno individual y otro social (entorno que estimula su desarrollo). Su inicio puede ocurrir a edades y en formas variadas constituyéndose,finalmente, en parte del ‘proyecto de ser’ (se dan ejemplos específicos).
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Abstract
Objetivo: Evaluar las percepciones y desarrollo de la vocación médica en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participantes: Estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: Se realizó entrevistas semiestructuradas a 50 estudiantes de medicina, de primero a quinto año. Se indagó sobre: 1) definición de vocación, 2) definición de vocación médica, y 3) el desarrollo de su propia vocación médica. Principales medidas de resultados: Comparación de vocación médica entre los alumnos actuales y la de médicos ya realizados. Resultados: La mitad de los entrevistados fue de sexo femenino, edad promedio 21,7 años; 8% era hijo/a de médico; 82% era natural de Lima Metropolitana. Los estudiantes identificaron que la vocación médica tiene tres características: aspiración a ayudar, voluntad de servicio y espíritu de sacrificio. Sobre el desarrollo de su propia vocación, la decisión para estudiar medicina puede forjarse en la niñez temprana o en la adolescencia y, aún, ser incipiente al momento de ingresar a la Facultad de Medicina, siendo influenciada por diversas vivencias, dentro de las que destacan contactos con familiares médicos o con médicos en el curso de alguna enfermedad que los estudiantes padecieron. También existe influencia familiar e interés en relación al prestigio social. Conclusiones: Comparativamente, la vocación médica de los alumnos actuales y la de médicos ya realizados, muestran similitudes y diferencias. Entre los aspectos similares, un patrón de aspirante a médico altruista con motivaciones espirituales, económicas y sociales. En las diferencias, las motivaciones externas son más influyentes en los estudiantes actuales para iniciarse en la medicina así como una fascinación por el desarrollo tecnológico. Al respecto, se dan recomendaciones a los centros formadores.
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Mendoza A, Galindo J, Rodríguez L, Osso L, Alfaro I, Murgado M, Mormontoy W. Perfil Estructural - Sistémico Familiar en el Hospital Hermilio Valdizán. An Fac med 2014. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v57i2.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se estudia el Perfil Estructural Sistémico de veinte familias nucleares completas que tiene a uno de sus miembros como paciente nuevo en la consulta externa de un hospital psiquiátrico estatal. Como instrumento de medición se utiliza la Escala Familiar Estructural Sistémica, que evalúa a la familia en cinco dimensiones: Estructura, Estadio del Desarrollo, Resonancia, Etiquetación del Paciente Identificado y Resolución de Conflictos. Los resultados muestran una significativa disfuncionalidad global, así como en las dimensiones Resolución de Conflictos, Etiquetación del Paciente Identificado y Estructura. Se discute estos resultados y se les compara con estudios de otros autores.
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Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Describir el fenómeno de la corrupción en la conducta profesional médica y generar hipótesis que posibiliten su investigación científica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Trabajo teórico-descriptivo sobre la base de informes documentados y observaciones del fenómeno en la realidad peruana, en la perspectiva de dos modelos conceptuales: de Normalidad (Perales A. y col. 1989) y del Sistema de la Personalidad (Ortiz P. 1994). RESULTADOS: En base al análisis del material estudiado se genera la siguiente hipótesis: "A mayor densidad poblacional médica en relación al mercado laboral, mayor riesgo de conductas profesionales corruptas, siendo tal riesgo mayor en los médicos con características personales más vulnerables, sean éstas determinadas biológica, psíquica o socialmente". CONCLUSIÓN: El problema de la corrupción de la conducta profesional médica debe ser sometido a investigación científica a fin de precisar sus dimensiones y límites e identificar sus variables causales. Se propone una hipótesis que posibilita tal fin.
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Mendoza A. Ética y medicina: la experiencia del Colegio Médico del Perú. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2014. [DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2011.284.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mendoza A, López de Alda M, González-Alonso S, Mastroianni N, Barceló D, Valcárcel Y. Occurrence of drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines in river waters from the Madrid Region (Central Spain). Chemosphere 2014; 95:247-255. [PMID: 24083902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates, for the first time, the occurrence of 10 drugs of abuse, six metabolites, and three benzodiazepines in surface waters from the Jarama and Manzanares Rivers in the Madrid Region, the most densely populated area in Spain and one of the most densely populated in Europe. The results of this study have shown the presence of 14 out of the 19 compounds analyzed at concentrations ranging from 1.45 to 1020 ng L(-1). The most ubiquitous compounds, found in 100% of the samples, were the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE), the amphetamine-like compound ephedrine (EPH), the opioids morphine (MOR), methadone (METH), and the METH metabolite 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and the three investigated benzodiazepines alprazolam (ALP), diazepam (DIA) and lorazepam (LOR). Meanwhile, the largest concentrations observed corresponded to EPH (up to 1020 ng L(-1)), BE (823 ng L(-1)), EDDP (151 ng L(-1)), and LOR (167 ng L(-1)). The only not detected compounds were heroin (HER) and its metabolite 6-acetylmorphine (6ACM), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (OH-LSD), and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Overall, the levels measured are comparatively higher than those previously reported in Europe. Comparison of the results obtained for samples collected on different days (Thursday and Sunday) did not show meaningful differences between weekdays and weekends. The lack of (eco)toxicological data does not permit to predict or disregard potential adverse effects on wildlife. Risk assessment in humans would require further knowledge, not currently available, on exposure to these compounds through other routes like drinking water and/or food.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mendoza
- Research Group in Public Health and Toxicology (ToxAmb), Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas, s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Guha M, Srinivasan S, Ruthel G, Kashina AK, Carstens RP, Mendoza A, Khanna C, Van Winkle T, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and generates breast cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:5238-50. [PMID: 24186204 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast tumors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which renders them resistant to therapies targeted to the primary cancers. The mechanistic link between mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) reduction, often seen in breast cancer patients, and EMT is unknown. We demonstrate that reducing mtDNA content in human mammary epithelial cells (hMECs) activates Calcineurin (Cn)-dependent mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway, which induces EMT-like reprogramming to fibroblastic morphology, loss of cell polarity, contact inhibition and acquired migratory and invasive phenotype. Notably, mtDNA reduction generates breast cancer stem cells. In addition to retrograde signaling markers, there is an induction of mesenchymal genes but loss of epithelial markers in these cells. The changes are reversed by either restoring the mtDNA content or knockdown of CnAα mRNA, indicating the causal role of retrograde signaling in EMT. Our results point to a new therapeutic strategy for metastatic breast cancers targeted to the mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway for abrogating EMT and attenuating cancer stem cells, which evade conventional therapies. We report a novel regulatory mechanism by which low mtDNA content generates EMT and cancer stem cells in hMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guha
- Department of Animal Biology and Marie Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Biology and Marie Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Ruthel
- Penn Vet Imaging Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A K Kashina
- Department of Animal Biology and Marie Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R P Carstens
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Mendoza
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Khanna
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Van Winkle
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N G Avadhani
- Department of Animal Biology and Marie Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Eichhorn S, Koller V, Schreiber U, Mendoza A, Krane M, Lange R. Development of an Exergame for individual rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2013; 36:441-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-013-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sierra A, Vanoye AY, Mendoza A. Ozone sensitivity to its precursor emissions in northeastern Mexico for a summer air pollution episode. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2013; 63:1221-1233. [PMID: 24282975 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.813875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A summer episode was modeled to address the expected response of ambient air O3 to hypothetical emission control scenarios in northeastern Mexico, and in particular in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA). This region is of interest because the MMA holds one of the worst air quality problems in the country and levels of air pollutants in the rest of northeastern Mexico are starting to be a concern. The MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ platform was used to conduct the numerical experiments. Twenty-four control scenarios were evaluated, combining the level of emission controls of O3 precursors (NO(x) and volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) from 0% to 50%. For the MMA, VOC-only controls result in the best option to reduce O3 concentrations, though the benefit is limited to the urban core. This same strategy results in negligible benefits for the rest of northeastern Mexico. NO(x) controls result in an increase in O3 concentration within the MMA of up to 20 ppbv and a decrease at downwind locations of up to 11 ppbv, with respect to the base-case scenario. Indicator ratios were also used to probe for NO(x)-sensitive and VOC-sensitive areas. Locations with an important influence of NO(x) point sources (i.e., Monclova and Nava/Acuña) are quite sensitive to changes in NO(x) emissions. Border cities in the Rio Bravo/Grande Valley tend to be marginally NO(x)-sensitive. Overall, the MMA seems to be dominated by a VOC-sensitive regime, while the rest of the region would tend to have a NO(x)-sensitive response. The results obtained serve to expand the current knowledge on the chemical regimes that dominate this region (VOC- or NO(x)-sensitive), and thus could help guide public policies related to emission regional control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sierra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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