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Strandquist G, Frączek T, Dixon T, Ravi S, Bechtold R, Lawrence D, Zeng A, Gallant J, Little S, Herron J. Bringing the Clinic Home: An At-Home Multi-Modal Data Collection Ecosystem to Support Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37522736 DOI: 10.3791/65305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) shows promise for improving treatment for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). aDBS uses symptom-related biomarkers to adjust stimulation parameters in real-time to target symptoms more precisely. To enable these dynamic adjustments, parameters for an aDBS algorithm must be determined for each individual patient. This requires time-consuming manual tuning by clinical researchers, making it difficult to find an optimal configuration for a single patient or to scale to many patients. Furthermore, the long-term effectiveness of aDBS algorithms configured in-clinic while the patient is at home remains an open question. To implement this therapy at large scale, a methodology to automatically configure aDBS algorithm parameters while remotely monitoring therapy outcomes is needed. In this paper, we share a design for an at-home data collection platform to help the field address both issues. The platform is composed of an integrated hardware and software ecosystem that is open-source and allows for at-home collection of neural, inertial, and multi-camera video data. To ensure privacy for patient-identifiable data, the platform encrypts and transfers data through a virtual private network. The methods include time-aligning data streams and extracting pose estimates from video recordings. To demonstrate the use of this system, we deployed this platform to the home of an individual with PD and collected data during self-guided clinical tasks and periods of free behavior over the course of 1.5 years. Data were recorded at sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic stimulation amplitudes to evaluate motor symptom severity under different therapeutic conditions. These time-aligned data show the platform is capable of synchronized at-home multi-modal data collection for therapeutic evaluation. This system architecture may be used to support automated aDBS research, to collect new datasets and to study the long-term effects of DBS therapy outside the clinic for those suffering from neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanner Dixon
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Zeng
- Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | - Simon Little
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
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Sayoga G, Bueschler V, Beisch H, Zeng A, Fiedler B, Liese A. Bioelectrochemical Hydroxylation by Unspecific Peroxygenase in an All‐in‐One Electrode System. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. V. Sayoga
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Technical Biocatalysis Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - V. S. Bueschler
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Technical Biocatalysis Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - H. Beisch
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Polymers and Composites Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - A. Zeng
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - B. Fiedler
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Polymers and Composites Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - A. Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Technical Biocatalysis Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
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Zhou Q, Li J, Wang J, Yang L, Fang J, Dong X, Yi T, Min X, Xu F, Chen J, Zhong D, Bai J, Liu L, Zeng A, Tang J, Wu H, Luo X, Yu J, Su W, Wu YL. EP08.02-063 SANOVO: A Phase 3 Study of Savolitinib or Placebo in Combination with Osimertinib in Patients with EGFR-mutant and MET Overexpressed NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Herzog J, Mook A, Bengelsdorf F, Zeng A. Caproate production from CO
2
and H
2
in synthetic co‐culture with lactate‐dependent process control. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Herzog
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - A. Mook
- Ulm University Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - F. R. Bengelsdorf
- Ulm University Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - A. Zeng
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Denickestr. 15 21073 Hamburg Germany
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Kozawa D, Cho SY, Gong X, Nguyen FT, Jin X, Lee MA, Lee H, Zeng A, Xue G, Schacherl J, Gibson S, Vega L, Strano MS. A Fiber Optic Interface Coupled to Nanosensors: Applications to Protein Aggregation and Organic Molecule Quantification. ACS Nano 2020; 14:10141-10152. [PMID: 32667777 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanosensors hold promise to address analytical challenges in the biopharmaceutical industry. The monitoring of therapeutic protein critical quality attributes such as aggregation is a long-standing challenge requiring low detection limits and multiplexing of different product parameters. However, general approaches for interfacing nanosensors to the biopharmaceutical process remain minimally explored to date. Herein, we design and fabricate a integrated fiber optic nanosensor element, measuring sensitivity, response time, and stability for applications to the rapid process monitoring. The fiber optic-nanosensor interface, or optode, consists of label-free nIR fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube transducers embedded within a protective yet porous hydrogel attached to the end of the fiber waveguide. The optode platform is shown to be capable of differentiating the aggregation status of human immunoglobulin G, reporting the relative fraction of monomers and dimer aggregates with sizes 5.6 and 9.6 nm, respectively, in under 5 min of analysis time. We introduce a lab-on-fiber design with potential for at-line monitoring with integration of 3D-printed miniaturized sensor tips having high mechanical flexibility. A parallel measurement of fluctuations in laser excitation allows for intensity normalization and significantly lower noise level (3.7 times improved) when using lower quality lasers, improving the cost effectiveness of the platform. As an application, we demonstrate the capability of the fully integrated lab-on-fiber system to rapidly monitor various bioanalytes including serotonin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, and hydrogen peroxide, in addition to proteins and their aggregation states. These results in total constitute an effective form factor for nanosensor-based transducers for applications in industrial process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kozawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Freddy T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaojia Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heejin Lee
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Zeng
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gang Xue
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeff Schacherl
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott Gibson
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Leonela Vega
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Dornan PK, Anthoine T, Beaver MG, Cheng GC, Cohen DE, Cui S, Lake WE, Langille NF, Lucas SP, Patel J, Powazinik W, Roberts SW, Scardino C, Tucker JL, Spada S, Zeng A, Walker SD. Continuous Process Improvement in the Manufacture of Carfilzomib, Part 1: Process Understanding and Improvements in the Commercial Route to Prepare the Epoxyketone Warhead. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Dornan
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Travis Anthoine
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Matthew G. Beaver
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Guilong Charles Cheng
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dawn E. Cohen
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sheng Cui
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - William E. Lake
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Neil F. Langille
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Susan P. Lucas
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jenil Patel
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - William Powazinik
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott W. Roberts
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Chris Scardino
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - John L. Tucker
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Simone Spada
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Zeng
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shawn D. Walker
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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May K, Jilcott Pitts S, Stage VC, Kelley CJ, Burkholder S, Fang X, Zeng A, Lazorick S. Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school-based interventions. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:869-875. [PMID: 32281191 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflection spectroscopy is an emerging, non-invasive objective measure used to approximate fruit and vegetable intake. The present study aimed to use a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter®, Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) to assess skin carotenoid status in preschool, middle- and high-school students and to examine associations between skin carotenoids and self-reported dietary intake. METHODS In Autumn 2018, we used the Veggie Meter® to assess skin carotenoids and age-appropriate validated dietary assessment measures to approximate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Preschool participants completed a previously validated pictorial liking tool using an iPad (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Middle-school participants completed selected questions from the validated School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) (Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA) questionnaire regarding frequency of their FV and beverage intake on the previous day, with additional questions about physical activity. High-school participants' FV intake was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Screener (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine bivariate associations between measures of dietary intake and Veggie Meter®-assessed skin carotenoid levels. RESULTS Mean (SD) Veggie Meter® readings were 266 (82.9), 219 (68.1) and 216 (67.2) among preschool, middle- and high-school students. There was an inverse association between soda intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = -0.22, P = 0.03) among middle-school students; and a positive association between daily fruit intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = 0.25, P = 0.06) among high-school students. CONCLUSIONS The Veggie Meter® comprises a promising evaluation tool for preschool and school-based nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K May
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - V C Stage
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - C J Kelley
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Burkholder
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - X Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - A Zeng
- ECU Honors Medical Research Program, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Lazorick
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Beaver MG, Shi X, Riedel J, Patel P, Zeng A, Corbett MT, Robinson JA, Parsons AT, Cui S, Baucom K, Lovette MA, Içten E, Brown DB, Allian A, Flick TG, Chen W, Yang N, Walker SD. Continuous Process Improvement in the Manufacture of Carfilzomib, Part 2: An Improved Process for Synthesis of the Epoxyketone Warhead. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Beaver
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xianqing Shi
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jan Riedel
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Parth Patel
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Zeng
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael T. Corbett
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jo Anna Robinson
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew T. Parsons
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sheng Cui
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kyle Baucom
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Michael A. Lovette
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Elçin Içten
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Derek B. Brown
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ayman Allian
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tawnya G. Flick
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wendy Chen
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ning Yang
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shawn D. Walker
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Salem DP, Gong X, Lee H, Zeng A, Xue G, Schacherl J, Gibson S, Strano MS. Characterization of Protein Aggregation Using Hydrogel-Encapsulated nIR Fluorescent Nanoparticle Sensors. ACS Sens 2020; 5:327-337. [PMID: 31989811 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of biopharmaceutical critical quality attributes in-process, at both the process development and manufacturing stages, is necessary for the implementation of process analytical technology and quality-by-design principles. Among these attributes, it is important to monitor and control protein aggregation during the manufacturing of biological therapeutics to prevent adverse immunogenic responses and minimize negative impacts on drug deliverability. In this work, we explore hydrogel-encapsulated, label-free fluorescent nanosensors for the characterization of protein aggregation. A mathematical model is used to describe the diffusion and binding of a series of stressed pharmaceutical samples to such sensors, describing their dynamic response. We use mathematical modeling to map the influence of hydrogel properties on the separation performance, given the composition of UV-stressed IgG1 samples. Using this modified model, the compositions of light-stressed IgG1 samples were fit to experimental data and correlated with size-exclusion chromatography data. The results demonstrate the ability to detect the presence of high-molecular-weight protein species at a concentration as low as 1%. This work represents a significant step toward the development and deployment of rapid process analytical technologies for biopharmaceutical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heejin Lee
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Zeng
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gang Xue
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeff Schacherl
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott Gibson
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Fujita M, Domae Y, Noda A, Garcia Ricardez GA, Nagatani T, Zeng A, Song S, Rodriguez A, Causo A, Chen IM, Ogasawara T. What are the important technologies for bin picking? Technology analysis of robots in competitions based on a set of performance metrics. Adv Robot 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2019.1698463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fujita
- Corporate Research and Development, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Domae
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Noda
- Faculty of Robotics and Design, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - G. A. Garcia Ricardez
- Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - T. Nagatani
- Corporate Research and Development, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Zeng
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S. Song
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - A. Rodriguez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Causo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - I. M. Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - T. Ogasawara
- Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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Liu Z, Li W, Zeng A, Meng P, Cheng M, Xu C, Tao Y, Shen Z, Zhang S, Li Z. 028 Is suction blister epidermal grafting a simple and reliable way to screen patients with large area vitiligo for ReCell treatment? J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zeng A, Chen P, Korth K, Hancock F, Pereira A, Brye K, Wu C, Shi A. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of salt tolerance in worldwide soybean germplasm lines. Mol Breeding 2017. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-017-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Crist RC, Ambrose-Lanci LM, Vaswani M, Clarke TK, Zeng A, Yuan C, Ferraro TN, Hakonarson H, Kampman KM, Dackis CA, Pettinati HM, O'Brien CP, Oslin DW, Doyle GA, Lohoff FW, Berrettini WH. Case-control association analysis of polymorphisms in the δ-opioid receptor, OPRD1, with cocaine and opioid addicted populations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 127:122-8. [PMID: 22795689 PMCID: PMC3509227 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction susceptibility and treatment responsiveness are greatly influenced by genetic factors. Sequence variation in genes involved in the mechanisms of drug action have the potential to influence addiction risk and treatment outcome. The opioid receptor system is involved in mediating the rewarding effects of cocaine and opioids. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) has traditionally been considered the primary target for opioid addiction. The MOR, however, interacts with and is regulated by many known MOR interacting proteins (MORIPs), including the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). METHODS The present study evaluated the contribution of OPRD1, the gene encoding the DOR, to the risk of addiction to opioids and cocaine. The association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with both opioid addiction (OA) and cocaine addiction (CA) was analyzed in African American (OA n=336, CA n=503) and European American (OA n=1007, CA n=336) populations. RESULTS The primary finding of this study is an association of rs678849 with cocaine addiction in African Americans (allelic p=0.0086). For replication purposes, this SNP was analyzed in a larger independent population of cocaine addicted African Americans and controls and the association was confirmed (allelic p=4.53 × 10(-5); n=993). By performing a meta-analysis on the expanded populations, the statistical evidence for an association was substantially increased (allelic p=8.5 × 10(-7)) (p-values non-FDR corrected). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that polymorphisms in OPRD1 are relevant for cocaine addiction in the African American population and provides additional support for a broad role for OPRD1 variants in drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Crist
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Nusse R, Fuerer C, Ching W, Harnish K, Logan C, Zeng A, ten Berge D, Kalani Y. Wnt signaling and stem cell control. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2008; 73:59-66. [PMID: 19028988 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2008.73.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In many contexts, self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells are influenced by signals from their environment, constituting a niche. It is postulated that stem cells compete for local growth factors in the niche, thereby maintaining a balance between the numbers of self-renewing and differentiated cells. A critical aspect of the niche model for stem cell regulation is that the availability of self-renewing factors is limited and that stem cells compete for these factors (Fig. 1). Consequently, the range and concentrations of the niche factors are of critical importance. Now that some of the few self-renewing factors have become identified, aspects of the niche models can be tested experimentally. In this chapter, we address mechanisms of signal regulation that take place at the level of signal-producing cells, constituting a niche for stem cells. We emphasize the biochemical properties and posttranslational modifications of the signals, all in the context of Wnt signaling. We propose that these modifications control the range of Wnt signaling and have critical roles in establishing niches for stem cells in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Menzel K, Ahrens K, Zeng A, Deckwer W. Kinetic, dynamic, and pathway studies of glycerol metabolism by Klebsiella pneumoniae in anaerobic continuous culture: IV. Enzymes and fluxes of pyruvate metabolism. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998; 60:617-26. [PMID: 10099470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvate: formate-lyase (PFL), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and citrate synthase (CS) involved in the anaerobic glycerol conversion by Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied in continuous culture under conditions of steady states and sustained oscillations. Both the in vitro and in vivo activities of PK, PFL, and PDH are strongly affected by the substrate concentration and its uptake rate, as is the in vitro activity of CS. The flux from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate is found to be mainly regulated on a genetic level by the synthesis rate of PK, particularly at low substrate concentration and low growth rate. In contrast, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is mainly regulated on a metabolic level by the in vivo activities of PFL and PDH. The ratio of in vitro to in vivo activities is in the range of 1 to 1.5 for PK, 5 to 17 for PFL and 5 to 80 for PDH under the experimental conditions. The regulation of in vivo activity and synthesis of these enzymes is sensitive to fluctuations of culture conditions, leading to oscillations of both the in vitro and in vivo activities. In particular, PFL is strongly affected during oscillations; its average in vitro activity is only about half of its corresponding steady-state value under similar environmental conditions. The average in vitro activities of PDH and PK under oscillations are close to their corresponding steady-state values. In contrast to all other enzymes measured for the glycerol metabolism by K. pneumoniae PFL and PDH are more effectively in vivo utilized under oscillations than under steady state, underlining the peculiar role of pyruvate metabolism in the dynamic responses of the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Menzel
- GBF-Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Biochemical Engineering Division, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig Germany
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Ahrens K, Menzel K, Zeng A, Deckwer W. Kinetic, dynamic, and pathway studies of glycerol metabolism by Klebsiella pneumoniae in anaerobic continuous culture: III. Enzymes and fluxes of glycerol dissimilation and 1,3-propanediol formation. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998; 59:544-52. [PMID: 10099370 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980905)59:5<544::aid-bit3>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The initial steps of glycerol dissimilation and 1,3-propanediol (1, 3-PD) formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae anaerobically grown on glycerol were studied by quantifying the in vitro and in vivo activities of enzymes in continuous culture under conditions of steady state and oscillation and during transient phases. The enzymes studied included glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH), glycerol dehydratase (GDHt), and 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (PDOR). Three conclusions can be drawn from the steady-state results. First, glycerol concentration in the culture is a key parameter that inversely affects the in vitro activities (concentrations) of all three enzymes, but has a positive effect on their in vivo activities. Growth rate significantly affects the ratio of in vitro and in vivo enzyme activities under low glycerol concentrations, but not under glycerol excess. Second, whereas the flux through the oxidative pathway of glycerol dissimilation is governed mainly by the regulation of in vivo enzyme activity on a metabolic level, the flux through the reductive pathway is largely controlled by the synthesis of enzymes. Third, GDHt is a major rate-liming enzyme for the consumption of glycerol and the formation of 1,3-PD in K. pneumoniae at high glycerol concentrations. Results from oscillating cultures revealed that both in vitro and in vivo activities of the enzymes oscillated. The average values of the in vitro activities during an oscillation cycle agreed well with their corresponding values for nonoscillating cultures under similar environmental conditions. Experiments with step changes in the feed concentration of glycerol demonstrated that growth and product formation are very sensitive to changes of substrate concentration in the culture. This sensitivity is due to the dynamic responses of the genetic and metabolic networks. They should be considered when modeling the dynamics of the culture and attempting to improve the formation of 1,3-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ahrens
- GBF-Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Biochemical Engineering Division, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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