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Brock DC, Abbott M, Reed L, Kammeyer R, Gibbons M, Angione K, Bernard TJ, Gaskell A, Demarest S. Epilepsy panels in clinical practice: Yield, variants of uncertain significance, and treatment implications. Epilepsy Res 2023; 193:107167. [PMID: 37230012 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been increasing utilization of genetic testing for pediatric epilepsy in recent years. Little systematic data is available examining how practice changes have impacted testing yields, diagnostic pace, incidence of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs), or therapeutic management. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed at Children's Hospital Colorado from February 2016 through February 2020. All patients under 18 years for whom an epilepsy gene panel was sent were included. RESULTS A total of 761 epilepsy gene panels were sent over the study period. During the study period, there was a 292% increase in the average number of panels sent per month. The time from seizure onset to panel result decreased over the study period from a median of 2.9 years to 0.7 years. Despite the increase in testing, the percentage of panels yielding a disease-causing result remained stable at 11-13%. A total of 90 disease-causing results were identified, > 75% of which provided guidance in management. Children were more likely to have a disease-causing result if they were < 3 years old at seizure onset (OR 4.4, p < 0.001), had neurodevelopmental concerns (OR 2.2, p = 0.002), or had a developmentally abnormal MRI (OR 3.8, p < 0.001). A total of 1417 VUSs were identified, equating to 15.7 VUSs per disease-causing result. Non-Hispanic white patients had a lower average number of VUSs than patients of all other races/ethnicities (1.7 vs 2.1, p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Expansion in the volume of genetic testing corresponded to a decrease in the time from seizure onset to testing result. Diagnostic yield remained stable, resulting in an increase in the absolute number of disease-causing results annually-most of which have implications for management. However, there has also been an increase in total VUSs, which likely resulted in additional clinical time spent on VUS resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Brock
- Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Megan Abbott
- Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Laurel Reed
- Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Ryan Kammeyer
- Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Melissa Gibbons
- Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Katie Angione
- Precision Medicine Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 1312 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Timothy J Bernard
- Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Alisa Gaskell
- Precision Medicine Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 1312 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | - Scott Demarest
- Precision Medicine Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 1312 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045.
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Norris GA, Willard N, Donson AM, Gaskell A, Milgrom SA, O’Neill BR, Nijmeh H, Haag M, Gilani A, Foreman NK, Dahl NA. PDGFB:APOBEC3C fusion in congenital diffuse high-grade glioma of the brainstem. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:183-186. [PMID: 36440550 PMCID: PMC9852942 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Norris
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas Willard
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alisa Gaskell
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Milgrom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent R O’Neill
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Pathology Shared Resource—Cytogenetic Section, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary Haag
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Pathology Shared Resource—Cytogenetic Section, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan A Dahl
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Colorado, USA
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Norris G, Donson A, Milgrom S, Gaskell A, Willard N, Foreman N, Gilani A, Dahl N. HGG-17. Novel Fusion in Congenital Brainstem Diffuse High-Grade Glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9165180 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infant-type hemispheric glioma, previously termed infantile glioblastoma multiforme, is a rare infantile neoplasm with improved survival and distinct molecular features when compared to other pediatric and adult-type high-grade glioma. Infant-type high-grade gliomas are typically located in the cerebral hemispheres and are characterized by ALK, ROS1, MET, and NTRK fusions. Typical brainstem gliomas (diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered or diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma) are comparatively rare in this age group. As a result, the biology of brainstem congenital high-grade gliomas is poorly described. RESULTS: A 3 month old female who initially presented with failure to thrive had an apneic event and was found to have an infiltrative mass in the medulla with expansion into the pons and cervical spine on magnetic resonance imaging. She underwent surgical biopsy with pathology revealing diffuse high-grade glioma, WHO grade 4. Next generation sequencing showed no alterations to H3F3A, IDH, or fusions involving BRAF, ALK, ROS1, MET, or NTRK. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed a novel fusion of PDGFRB:APOBEC3C. She received chemotherapy with 2 cycles of carboplatin/etoposide and 2 cycles of carboplatin/etoposide/imatinib before having disease progression. She then underwent palliative radiation (35 Gy in 10 fractions) with near complete regression of her disease. Surprisingly, our patient has not had any progression of disease or new lesions now two years from her last therapy. CONCLUSION: Congenital high-grade glioma is a rare, unique entity that greatly differs from its adult and childhood counterparts. Here, we discuss a previously-unreported fusion of PDGFB:APOBEC3C in a patient with congenital brainstem diffuse high-grade glioma with a favorable clinical course. This highlights the importance of routine molecular characterization, both to better understand the complex biology of this rare disease and to guide prognosis and clinical decision making for individual patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Donson
- Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Denver, CO , USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas Foreman
- Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Denver, CO , USA
| | | | - Nathan Dahl
- Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Denver, CO , USA
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Siegele BJ, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Lilljebjorn H, Fioretos T, Winters AC, Dal Cin P, Treece A, Gaskell A, Nardi V. N-terminus DUX4-immunohistochemistry is a reliable methodology for the diagnosis of DUX4-fused B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (N-terminus DUX4 IHC for DUX4-fused B-ALL). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:449-458. [PMID: 35218117 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy and the most commonly diagnosed adult lymphoblastic leukemia. Recent advances have broadened the spectrum of B-ALL, with DUX4 gene fusions implicated in a subclass occurring in adolescents and young adults and harboring a favorable prognosis. DUX4 fusions have been challenging to identify. We aimed to determine whether expression of the DUX4 oncoprotein, as detected by targeted immunohistochemistry, might serve as a surrogate for molecular detection of DUX4 fusions in B-ALL. A cohort of investigational B-ALLs was generated with enrichment for DUX4 fusions by inclusion of cases with characteristic demographic features and immunophenotypic properties. B-ALLs with mutually exclusive cytogenetics were collected. Immunohistochemical staining by a monoclonal antibody raised against the N-terminus of the DUX4 protein was performed. N-DUX4 immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong, crisp nuclear staining in blasts of seven investigational cases, six of which had nucleic acid material available for molecular evaluation. Five of these cases demonstrated RNA-seq DUX4-fusion positivity. One N-DUX4 immunohistochemistry positive case lacked a definitive DUX4-fusion by RNA-seq, though demonstrated a gene expression profile characteristic of DUX4-rearranged B-ALLs, a CD2+ immunophenotype, and a lack of staining by C-terminus DUX4 antibody immunohistochemistry. At least 83.3% [5/6] positive predictive value. N-DUX4 immunohistochemistry was negative in blasts of three RNA-seq DUX4-fusion negative cases (3/3; 100% negative predictive value). B-ALLs with mutually-exclusive cytogenetic profiles were all N-DUX4 negative (0/10, specificity 100%). N-DUX4 immunohistochemistry is reliable for the distinction of DUX4-rearranged B-ALLs from other B-ALLs. We recommend its use for subclassification of B-ALLs in adolescents and young adults and in B-ALLs that remain "not otherwise specified." This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford J Siegele
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Henrik Lilljebjorn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amanda C Winters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Treece
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alisa Gaskell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hesse S, Kreuzer M, Hight D, Gaskell A, Davari P, Singh D, Taylor NB, Whalin MK, Lee S, Sleigh JW, Garcıá PS. Corrigendum to "Association of electroencephalogram trajectories during emergence from anaesthesia with delirium in the postanaesthesia care unit: an early sign of postoperative complications" (Br J Anaesth 2019; 122: 622-634). Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:255. [PMID: 31208760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Hesse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Kreuzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universit€at Mü Nchen, Munich, Germany
| | - D Hight
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - A Gaskell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - P Davari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N B Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M K Whalin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J W Sleigh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - P S Garcıá
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Division, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital - Irving, New York, NY, USA.
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Hernandez BA, Lindroth H, Rowley P, Boncyk C, Raz A, Gaskell A, García PS, Sleigh J, Sanders RD. Post-anaesthesia care unit delirium: incidence, risk factors and associated adverse outcomes. Br J Anaesth 2018; 119:288-290. [PMID: 28854553 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B A Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - H Lindroth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - P Rowley
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - C Boncyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - A Raz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - A Gaskell
- Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - P S García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Atlanta VA Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - J Sleigh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - R D Sanders
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Sanders RD, Gaskell A, Sleigh J. Can use of frontal EEG monitoring increase intraoperative connected consciousness? Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:191-193. [PMID: 29935571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R D Sanders
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - A Gaskell
- Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J Sleigh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Rowley P, Boncyk C, Gaskell A, Absalom A, Bonhomme V, Coburn M, Raz A, Sleigh J, Sanders R. What do people expect of general anaesthesia? Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:486-488. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Boncyk C, Hess A, Gaskell A, Sleigh J, Sanders R. Does benzodiazepine administration affect patient satisfaction: a secondary analysis of the ConCIOUS study. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:266-267. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lyall DAM, Hutchison BM, Gaskell A, Varikkara M. Intravitreal Ranibizumab in the treatment of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to ocular toxocariasis in a 13-year-old boy. Eye (Lond) 2010; 24:1730-1. [PMID: 20930857 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tilley L, Green C, Poole J, Gaskell A, Ridgwell K, Burton NM, Uchikawa M, Tsuneyama H, Ogasawara K, Akkøk CA, Daniels G. A new blood group system, RHAG: three antigens resulting from amino acid substitutions in the Rh-associated glycoprotein. Vox Sang 2009; 98:151-9. [PMID: 19744193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) is closely associated with the Rh proteins in the red cell membrane. Two high frequency antigens (Duclos and DSLK) and one low frequency antigen (Ol(a)) have serological characteristics suggestive of expression on RhAG. MATERIALS AND METHODS RHAG was sequenced from the DNA of one Duclos-negative, one DSLK-negative, and two Ol(a+) individuals. Recombinant protein was expressed in HEK 293 cells. Protein models with RhAG subunits were constructed. RESULTS The original Duclos-negative patient was homozygous for RHAG 316C>G, encoding Gln106Glu. HEK 293 cells expressing Gln106Glu mutant RhAG did not react with anti-Duclos. An individual with DSLK-negative red cells was homozygous for 490A>C, encoding Lys164Gln. Two Ol(a+) members of the original Norwegian family were heterozygous for 680C>T, encoding Ser227Leu. A Japanese donor with Rh(mod) phenotype had Ol(a+) red cells and was homozygous for 680C>T. CONCLUSION The three red cell antigens encoded by RHAG form the RHAG blood group system: Duclos is RHAG1 (030001); Ol(a) is RHAG2 (030002); and DSLK is provisionally RHAG3 (030003).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tilley
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory and Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
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Gaskell A, McLaughlin A, Young E, McCristal K. Direct optometrist referral of cataract patients into a pilot 'one-stop' cataract surgery facility. J R Coll Surg Edinb 2001; 46:133-7. [PMID: 11478008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of a) direct optometrist referral of patients with cataract, and b) combined assessment with same day cataract surgery ('one stop' cataract surgery). METHODS Evaluation of 169 patients referred directly by optometrists into a pilot 'one stop' cataract surgery facility. RESULTS Of 169 referrals, 160 patients (94.7%) were given confirmed appointments for the 'one stop' cataract service and 9 patients (5.3%) were appointed conventionally. Of 160 patients attending the 'one stop' cataract service, 154 patients (96.3%) underwent cataract surgery at the same visit, in 4 patients (2.5%) cataract surgery was indicated but deferred and in 2 patients (1.3%) cataract surgery was not indicated. The referral was supplemented with information regarding the patient's medical history forwarded by the general practitioner for 3 patients (1.8%). There were no systemic or sight-threatening complications. 151 patients (98.1%) achieved a visual acuity of 6/12 or better at a mean of 31 days post-operatively. CONCLUSION Optometrists can accurately predict the need for cataract surgery and refer directly into a pilot 'one stop' cataract surgery facility, without the need for general practitioner involvement. 'One stop' cataract surgery is feasible; benefits to the patient include the abolition of the need to visit the general practitioner for consultation and referral, and the hospital for pre-assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaskell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ayr Hospital, Dalmellington Road, Ayr KA6 6DX, UK.
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Tu KL, Gaskell A. Peroperative retinoscopy as a predictor of final post-operative refraction. Eye (Lond) 2000; 14 ( Pt 3A):411. [PMID: 11027023 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2000.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Bird EK, Gaskell A, Babineau MD, Macdonald S. Novel word acquisition in children with Down syndrome: does modality make a difference? J Commun Disord 2000; 33:241-266. [PMID: 10907718 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9924(00)00022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Signing is a commonly used intervention technique for children with cognitive impairments who have expressive language delays. Novel word learning in three conditions (signed only, spoken only, signed and spoken combined) was compared for children with Down syndrome (2;1 to 5;2) and mental-age matched control children (1;4 to 2;6). Spontaneous imitations and responses to production and comprehension probes were examined after 5, 10, and 15 word exposures. No group differences in frequency of imitations or productions were obtained. The frequency of imitations was highest in the combined condition. Probed productions were infrequent, although novel words were produced most often in spoken and combined conditions. For both imitated and probed productions in the combined condition, the spoken portion was almost exclusively produced. Across conditions, children with Down syndrome comprehended fewer words than did control children. The evidence for and explanations of the facilitative effect of signs and the advantage of dual-method presentation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Bird
- School of Human Communication Disorders, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Gaskell A, Gilbert D, Ladias JA, Wagner G. Solution structure of the hRPABC14.4 subunit of human RNA polymerases. Nat Struct Biol 1999; 6:1039-42. [PMID: 10542096 DOI: 10.1038/14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The protein hRPABC14.4 is an essential subunit of human RNA polymerases I, II, and III and is required for the transcription of all human nuclear genes. The structure of hRPABC14.4 was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The protein fold comprises a highly conserved central domain forming two antiparallel alpha-helices flanked by the less conserved N- and C-terminal regions forming a five-stranded beta-sandwich. Amino acids from the two helices participate in the generation of a hydrophobic surface area which is conserved in all eukaryotic and archaeal homologous subunits, and likely constitutes a critical macromolecular interaction interface. The hRPABC14.4 structure accounts for mutagenesis results in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provides a structural working model for elucidating the role of this subunit in the molecular architecture and function of the human nuclear RNA polymerases.
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Jiang S, Tulloch AG, Kim TA, Fu Y, Rogers R, Gaskell A, White RA, Avraham H, Avraham S. Characterization and chromosomal localization of PTP-NP-2, a new isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like receptor, expressed on synaptic boutons. Gene 1998; 215:345-59. [PMID: 9714834 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there have been several reports describing the cloning and characterization of the novel family of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like receptor molecules (known as IA-2 and PTP-NP/PTP-IAR/IA-2beta/phogrin), which may act as autoantigens in diabetes. Here, we report the molecular characterization and chromosomal localization of a new isoform of this family in brain termed PTP-NP-2 (for PTP-NP tyrosine phosphatase isoform), and its function in rat primary hippocampal neurons. PTP-NP-2 has 48% identity to IA-2. The principal difference between PTP-NP-2 and PTP-NP is a 17-amino-acid insert near the N-terminus of PTP-NP that is absent in PTP-NP-2. Genomic DNA analysis indicates that the 17-amino-acid insert is coded by a separate exon, suggesting that both IA-2beta and PTP-NP-2 are isoforms arising by alternate splicing of the same gene. Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed that both isoforms are present in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. PTP-NP-2 mRNA expression is highly restricted, with a 5.5-kb specific transcript in human fetal and adult brain and 5.5 and 3. 8 kb in human adult pancreas. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and U87-MG glioblastoma cells showed specific transcripts of 5.5 and 3.8<HSP SP = "0.25">kb, respectively, indicating the existence of several isoforms of this molecule in the nervous system. The human gene encoding PTP-NP-2 was assigned to human chromosome 7q22-qter using Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from rodent/human somatic hybrid cell lines. Confocal microscopy analyses of rat primary hippocampal neurons revealed that PTP-NP-2 is abundantly expressed on synaptic boutons in primary neurons. Wild-type PTP-NP-2 showed no measurable tyrosine phosphatase activity using an in-vitro pNPP assay. Examination of the PTP-NP-2 catalytic consensus sequence revealed that this sequence differed from the typical tyrosine phosphatase-domain consensus sequence by an alanine to aspartate change (amino acid 930). Mutation of aspartate 930 to alanine produced a catalytically active enzyme, suggesting that native PTP-NP and its isoform PTP-NP-2 are catalytically inactive receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase homologues. Taken together, these results indicate that the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-NP-2 is a new isoform of PTP-NP tyrosine phosphatase, is expressed on synaptic boutons and may participate in the regulation of synaptic bouton endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tu KL, Gaskell A. Immediate postoperative objective refraction as an indication to final refraction in phacoemulsification surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82:842. [PMID: 9924385 PMCID: PMC1722662 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.82.7.841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the role postoperative mydriatics play after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in causing iris modifications and in controlling inflammation. SETTING Outpatients Department, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland. METHODS The prospective study comprised 136 patients who had standardized ECCE. Half the patients used a mydriatic for 2 weeks postoperatively. Anterior chamber activity, pain, and eye redness were evaluated at 2 weeks postoperatively; pupil shape, peripheral anterior synechias, IOL position, and iris adhesions, at 6 weeks. RESULTS Iris-lens adhesions were significantly more common in the group using a mydriatic. There was no difference between the two groups in postoperative inflammation. CONCLUSION Mydriatics should not be used routinely after ECCE with posterior chamber IOL implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Ophthalmology Department, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialidases, or neuraminidases, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, but are also produced by many non-pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial sialidases are very variable in size, often possessing domains in addition to the catalytic domain. The sialidase from the non-pathogenic soil bacterium Micromonospora viridifaciens is secreted in two forms with molecular weights of 41 kDa or 68 kDa, depending on the nature of the carbohydrate used to induce expression. RESULTS We report here the X-ray crystal structures of the 41 kDa and 68 kDa forms of the sialidase from M. viridifaciens at 1.8 A and 2.5 A resolution respectively. In addition, we report a complex of the 41 kDa form with an inhibitor at 2.0 A resolution, and a complex of the 68 kDa form with galactose at 2.5 A. The 41 kDa form shows the canonical sialidase beta-propeller fold. The 68 kDa form possesses two additional domains, one with an immunoglobulin-like fold that serves as a linker to the second, which is homologous to the galactose-binding domain of a fungal galactose oxidase. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the additional carbohydrate-binding domain in the 68 kDa form of the bacterial sialidase reported here is a further example of a combination of carbohydrate binding and cleaving domains which we observed in the sialidase from Vibrio cholerae. This dual function may be common, but only to other bacterial and parasitic sialidases, but also to other secreted glycosidases involved in pathogenesis. The bacterium may have acquired both the immunoglobulin module and the galactose-binding module from eukaryotes, as the enzyme shows a remarkable similarity to a fungal galactose oxidase which possesses similar domains performing different functions and assembled in a different order.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaskell
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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Hanna I, Gaskell A, Baines P, Whyte I. The Value of Acuity Measurements On the First Postoperative Day in Assessing Visual Outcome Following Cataract Surgery with Intraocular Lens Implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-3681(13)80069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gaskell A, Haining W. A Double Blind Randomized Multicentre Clinical Trial of ‘Healon G.V.’ Compared with ‘Healon’ in ECCE with IOL Implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-3681(13)80077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The human eye is capable of adjusting to wide variations in light intensity by altering the pupil size and the sensitivity of the retina to light. Falls are one of the commonest problems of old age, and the causes are multifactorial. As falls often occur at night, this study was designed to compare dark adaptation in groups of elderly fallers and non-fallers. Twenty-two female patients in a geriatric assessment ward were included in the study and classified as 'fallers' or 'non-fallers'. A full ophthalmic examination was performed on each subject, and dark adaptation measured, in a single-blind fashion, using the Friedmann visual field analyser; following initial bleaching of the retinal photoreceptors, the room was placed in total darkness and retinal sensitivity measured every minute for 20 min. The values, expressed as log filter density, were plotted against duration of time in the dark. The mean values at 5 min were 0.9 in the fallers and 1.4 in the non-fallers (p less than 0.02 unpaired t test) and at 20 min 2.2 and 3.2, respectively (p less than 0.04). These results indicate reduced retinal sensitivity and hence impaired dark adaptation in the falling group. Lighting levels in the homes of many old people have been shown to be inadequate. Impaired dark adaptation may leave an elder person virtually blind for a minute or more on moving from a bright room to a darker area. The provision of night lights in the homes of recurrent fallers may offset the influence of impaired dark adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E McMurdo
- Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Gaskell A. Professional Opportunities of the Service Medical Officer. Proc R Soc Med 1927. [DOI: 10.1177/003591572702100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gaskell A. President's Address: Professional Opportunities of the Service Medical Officer. Proc R Soc Med 1927; 21:49-52. [PMID: 19986150 PMCID: PMC2101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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