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Xu X, Charrier A, Congrove S, Buchner DA. Cell-state dependent regulation of PPAR γ signaling by ZBTB9 in adipocytes. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.04.583402. [PMID: 38496622 PMCID: PMC10942320 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Adipocytes play a critical role in metabolic homeostasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR γ ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and function. ZBTB9 was predicted to interact with PPAR γ based on large-scale protein interaction experiments. In addition, GWAS studies in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) Knowledge Portal revealed associations between Z btb9 and both BMI and T2D risk. Here we show that ZBTB9 positively regulates PPAR γ activity in mature adipocytes. Surprisingly Z btb9 knockdown (KD) also increased adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and human preadipocytes. E2F activity was increased and E2F downstream target genes were upregulated in Zbtb9 -KD preadipocytes. Accordingly, RB phosphorylation, which regulates E2F activity, was enhanced in Zbtb9 -KD preadipocytes. Critically, an E2F1 inhibitor blocked the effects of Zbtb9 deficiency on adipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Zbtb9 inhibits adipogenesis as a negative regulator of Pparg expression via altered RB-E2F1 signaling. Our findings reveal complex cell-state dependent roles of ZBTB9 in adipocytes, identifying a new molecule that regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte biology as both a positive and negative regulator of PPAR γ signaling depending on the cellular context, and thus may be important in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity and T2D.
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2
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Charrier A, Xu X, Guan BJ, Ngo J, Wynshaw-Boris A, Hatzoglou M, Buchner DA. Adipocyte-specific deletion of zinc finger protein 407 results in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111109. [PMID: 33285243 PMCID: PMC7813145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ deficiency in humans and model organisms impairs the transcriptional control of adipogenesis and mature adipocyte function resulting in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Zinc finger protein 407 (ZFP407) positively regulates PPARγ target gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cultured adipocytes. The in vivo physiological role of ZFP407 in mature adipocytes, however, remains to be elucidated. Here we generated adipocyte-specific ZFP407 knockout (AZKO) mice and discovered a partial lipodystrophic phenotype with reduced fat mass, hypertrophic adipocytes in inguinal and brown adipose tissue, and reduced adipogenic gene expression. The lipodystrophy was further exacerbated in AZKO mice fed a high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed decreased insulin sensitivity in AZKO mice compared to control littermates. Cell-based assays demonstrated that ZFP407 is also required for adipogenesis, which may also contribute to the lipodystrophic phenotype. These results demonstrate an essential in vivo role of ZFP407 in brown and white adipose tissue formation and organismal insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Mendez S, Iss C, Midou D, Moreau A, Held D, Charrier A, Viallat A, Helfer E. A joint numerical and experimental study on the self-organization of red blood cells in confined microfluidic channels. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mendez
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Iss
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Midou
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A. Moreau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Held
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Charrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Viallat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - E. Helfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
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Roy D, Farabaugh KT, Wu J, Charrier A, Smas C, Hatzoglou M, Thirumurugan K, Buchner DA. Coordinated transcriptional control of adipocyte triglyceride lipase ( Atgl) by transcription factors Sp1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) during adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14827-14835. [PMID: 28726642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of stored fat deposits into its components is a highly regulated process that maintains plasma levels of free fatty acids to supply energy to cells. Insulin-mediated transcription of Atgl, the enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step in lipolysis, is a key point of this regulation. Under conditions such as obesity or insulin resistance, Atgl transcription is often misregulated, which can contribute to overall disease progression. The mechanisms by which Atgl is induced during adipogenesis are not fully understood. We utilized computational approaches to identify putative transcriptional regulatory elements in Atgl and then tested the effect of these elements and the transcription factors that bind to them in cultured preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. Here we report that Atgl is down-regulated by the basal transcription factor Sp1 in preadipocytes and that the magnitude of down-regulation depends on interactions between Sp1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In mature adipocytes, when PPARγ is abundant, PPARγ abrogated transcriptional repression by Sp1 at the Atgl promoter and up-regulated Atgl mRNA expression. Targeting the PPARγ-Sp1 interaction could be a potential therapeutic strategy to restore insulin sensitivity by modulating Atgl levels in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Roy
- From the School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Kenneth T Farabaugh
- the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Jing Wu
- the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Alyssa Charrier
- the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Cynthia Smas
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- From the School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamil Nadu 632014, India,
| | - David A Buchner
- the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
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Charrier A, Wang L, Stephenson EJ, Ghanta SV, Ko CW, Croniger CM, Bridges D, Buchner DA. Zinc finger protein 407 overexpression upregulates PPAR target gene expression and improves glucose homeostasis in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E869-E880. [PMID: 27624101 PMCID: PMC5130358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors is central to the pathophysiology and treatment of metabolic disease through the receptors' ability to regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, and lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism by which PPAR is regulated remains incompletely understood. We generated a transgenic mouse strain (ZFP-TG) that overexpressed Zfp407 primarily in muscle and heart. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq identified 1,300 differentially expressed genes in the muscle of ZFP-TG mice, among which PPAR target genes were significantly enriched. Among the physiologically important PPARγ target genes, Glucose transporter (Glut)-4 mRNA and protein levels were increased in heart and muscle. The increase in Glut4 and other transcriptional effects of Zfp407 overexpression together decreased body weight and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR scores relative to control littermates. When placed on high-fat diet, ZFP-TG mice remained more glucose tolerant than their wild-type counterparts. Cell-based assays demonstrated that Zfp407 synergistically increased the transcriptional activity of all PPAR subtypes, PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. The increased PPAR activity was not associated with increased PPAR mRNA or protein levels, suggesting that Zfp407 posttranslationally regulates PPAR activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Zfp407 overexpression improved glucose homeostasis. Thus, Zfp407 represents a new drug target for treating metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erin J Stephenson
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Siddharth V Ghanta
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Chih-Wei Ko
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Colleen M Croniger
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dave Bridges
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
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Charrier A, Tardif C, Gepner B. [Slowing down the flow of facial information enhances facial scanning in children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot eye tracking study]. Encephale 2016; 43:32-40. [PMID: 26995150 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Face and gaze avoidance are among the most characteristic and salient symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Studies using eye tracking highlighted early and lifelong ASD-specific abnormalities in attention to face such as decreased attention to internal facial features. These specificities could be partly explained by disorders in the perception and integration of rapid and complex information such as that conveyed by facial movements and more broadly by biological and physical environment. Therefore, we wish to test whether slowing down facial dynamics may improve the way children with ASD attend to a face. METHODS We used an eye tracking method to examine gaze patterns of children with ASD aged 3 to 8 (n=23) and TD controls (n=29) while viewing the face of a speaker telling a story. The story was divided into 6 sequences that were randomly displayed at 3 different speeds, i.e. a real-time speed (RT), a slow speed (S70=70% of RT speed), a very slow speed (S50=50% of RT speed). S70 and S50 were displayed thanks to software called Logiral™, aimed at slowing down visual and auditory stimuli simultaneously and without tone distortion. The visual scene was divided into four regions of interest (ROI): eyes region; mouth region; whole face region; outside the face region. The total time, number and mean duration of visual fixations on the whole visual scene and the four ROI were measured between and within the two groups. RESULTS Compared to TD children, children with ASD spent significantly less time attending to the visual scenes and, when they looked at the scene, they spent less time scanning the speaker's face in general and her mouth in particular, and more time looking outside facial area. Within the ASD group mean duration of fixation increased on the whole scene and particularly on the mouth area, in R50 compared to RT. Children with mild autism spent more time looking at the face than the two other groups of ASD children, and spent more time attending to the face and mouth as well as longer mean duration of visual fixation on mouth and eyes, at slow speeds (S50 and/or S70) than at RT one. CONCLUSIONS Slowing down facial dynamics enhances looking time on face, and particularly on mouth and/or eyes, in a group of 23 children with ASD and particularly in a small subgroup with mild autism. Given the crucial role of reading the eyes for emotional processing and that of lip-reading for language processing, our present result and other converging ones could pave the way for novel socio-emotional and verbal rehabilitation methods for autistic population. Further studies should investigate whether increased attention to face and particularly eyes and mouth is correlated to emotional/social and/or verbal/language improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charrier
- EA 3273, centre de recherche en psychologie de la connaissance, du langage et de l'émotion (PsyCLÉ), Aix-Marseille université, 13621 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - C Tardif
- EA 3273, centre de recherche en psychologie de la connaissance, du langage et de l'émotion (PsyCLÉ), Aix-Marseille université, 13621 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - B Gepner
- Laboratoire de neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR CNRS 7259, faculté de médecine Marseille Nord, Aix-Marseille université, 13344 Marseille, France.
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Chen L, Chen R, Kemper S, Charrier A, Brigstock DR. Suppression of fibrogenic signaling in hepatic stellate cells by Twist1-dependent microRNA-214 expression: Role of exosomes in horizontal transfer of Twist1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G491-9. [PMID: 26229009 PMCID: PMC4572411 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00140.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which results in their production of fibrotic molecules, a process that is largely regulated by connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). CCN2 is increasingly expressed during HSC activation because of diminished expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214), a product of dynamin 3 opposite strand (DNM3os) that directly suppresses CCN2 mRNA. We show that an E-box in the miR-214 promoter binds the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Twist1, which drives miR-214 expression and results in CCN2 suppression. Twist1 expression was suppressed in HSC of fibrotic livers or in cultured HSC undergoing activation in vitro or after treatment with ethanol. Furthermore, Twist1 decreasingly interacted with DNM3os as HSC underwent activation in vitro. Nanovesicular exosomes secreted by quiescent but not activated HSC contained high levels of Twist1, thus reflecting the suppression of cellular Twist1 during HSC activation. Exosomal Twist1 was intercellularly shuttled between HSC and stimulated expression of miR-214 in the recipient cells, causing expression of CCN2 and its downstream effectors to be suppressed. Additionally, the miR-214 E-box in HSC was also regulated by hepatocyte-derived exosomes, showing that functional transfer of exosomal Twist1 occurs between different cell types. Finally, the levels of Twist1, miR-214, or CCN2 in circulating exosomes from fibrotic mice reflected fibrosis-induced changes in the liver itself, highlighting the potential utility of these and other constituents in serum exosomes as novel circulating biomarkers for liver fibrosis. These findings reveal a unique function for cellular or exosomal Twist1 in CCN2-dependent fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Ruju Chen
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Sherri Kemper
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Alyssa Charrier
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,2Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - David R. Brigstock
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,2Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; ,3Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Buchner DA, Charrier A, Srinivasan E, Wang L, Paulsen MT, Ljungman M, Bridges D, Saltiel AR. Zinc finger protein 407 (ZFP407) regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) mRNA. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6376-86. [PMID: 25596527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT4 facilitates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues including adipose, muscle, and heart. GLUT4 function is impaired in obesity and type 2 diabetes leading to hyperglycemia and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and neuropathy. To better understand the regulation of GLUT4 function, a targeted siRNA screen was performed and led to the discovery that ZFP407 regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. The decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake due to ZFP407 deficiency was attributed to a reduction in GLUT4 mRNA and protein levels. The decrease in GLUT4 was due to both decreased transcription of Glut4 mRNA and decreased efficiency of Glut4 pre-mRNA splicing. Interestingly, ZFP407 coordinately regulated this decrease in transcription with an increase in the stability of Glut4 mRNA, resulting in opposing effects on steady-state Glut4 mRNA levels. More broadly, transcriptome analysis revealed that ZFP407 regulates many peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ target genes beyond Glut4. ZFP407 was required for the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone to increase Glut4 expression, but was not sufficient to increase expression of a PPARγ target gene reporter construct. However, ZFP407 and PPARγ co-overexpression synergistically activated a PPARγ reporter construct beyond the level of PPARγ alone. Thus, ZFP407 may represent a new modulator of the PPARγ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Buchner
- From the Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Biological Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,
| | | | - Ethan Srinivasan
- the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Li Wang
- From the Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and
| | - Michelle T Paulsen
- the Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Mats Ljungman
- the Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Dave Bridges
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and the Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
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Charrier A, Chen R, Chen L, Kemper S, Hattori T, Takigawa M, Brigstock DR. Exosomes mediate intercellular transfer of pro-fibrogenic connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) between hepatic stellate cells, the principal fibrotic cells in the liver. Surgery 2014; 156:548-55. [PMID: 24882759 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrogenic pathways in the liver are principally regulated by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which produce and respond to fibrotic mediators such as connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). The aim of this study was to determine whether CCN2 is shuttled between HSC in membranous nanovesicles, or "exosomes." METHODS Exosomes were incubated with HSC after isolation from conditioned medium of control or CCN2-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transfected primary mouse HSC or human LX-2 HSC. Some exosomes were stained fluorescently with PKH26. HSC co-culture experiments were performed in the presence of GW4869 exosome inhibitor. CCN2 or CCN2-GFP were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. RESULTS HSC-derived exosomes contained CCN2 or CCN2 mRNA, each of which increased in concentration during HSC activation or after transfection of HSC with CCN2-GFP. Exosomes, stained with either PKH26 or purified from CCN2-GFP-transfected cells, were taken up by activated or quiescent HSC resulting in CCN2-GFP delivery, as shown by their direct addition to recipient cells or by the GW4869-dependency of donor HSC. CONCLUSION CCN2 is packaged into secreted, nano-sized exosomes that mediate its intercellular transfer between HSC. Exosomal CCN2 may amplify or fine tune fibrogenic signaling and, in conjunction with other exosome constituents, may have utility as a noninvasive biomarker to assess hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Ruju Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Li Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Sherri Kemper
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Takako Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | - David R Brigstock
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Charrier A, Chen R, Kemper S, Brigstock DR. Regulation of pancreatic inflammation by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2). Immunology 2014; 141:564-76. [PMID: 24754049 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is caused by long-term heavy alcohol consumption, which results in injury and death of pancreatic acinar cells (PAC). The PAC play a pivotal role in mediating early inflammatory responses but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with ethanol and cerulein resulted in increased staining for acinar interleukin- 1b (IL-1b), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), or connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) by Day 16 and this was associated with increased infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages and increased expression of pancreatic CTGF/CCN2 mRNA. Compared with wild-type Swiss Webster mice, ethanol treatment of pan-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CTGF/CCN2 transgenic mice caused enhanced acinar staining for GFP or CTGF/CCN2 and a significant increase in pancreatic infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages or NIMP-R14-positive neutrophils. Treatment of primary mouse PAC or the rat AR42J PAC line with ethanol or CTGF/CCN2 resulted in enhanced expression of IL-1b or CCL3. Conditioned medium from CTGF/CCN2-treated AR42J cells induced chemotaxis in NR8383 macrophages and this response was abrogated in a dose dependent manner by addition of BX471, an inhibitor of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1. These results reveal that acinar CTGF/CCN2 plays a novel role in alcohol-induced inflammatory processes in the pancreas by increasing infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and increasing acinar production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1b or CCL3. The early production of CTGF/CCN2 by PAC to drive inflammation is distinct from its previously reported production by pancreatic stellate cells to drive fibrosis at later stages of pancreatic injury.
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MESH Headings
- Acinar Cells/immunology
- Acinar Cells/metabolism
- Acinar Cells/pathology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Ceruletide
- Chemokine CCL3/metabolism
- Chemotaxis
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ethanol
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/biosynthesis
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Pancreas, Exocrine/immunology
- Pancreas, Exocrine/metabolism
- Pancreas, Exocrine/pathology
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/genetics
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/immunology
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Alcoholic/pathology
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/genetics
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/immunology
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, CCR1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
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Chen L, Charrier A, Brigstock D. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in quiescent hepatic stellate cells is inhibited by a Twist‐1‐miR‐214 axis (649.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.649.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUnited States
| | - Alyssa Charrier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUnited States
| | - David Brigstock
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUnited States
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12
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Chen L, Charrier A, Zhou Y, Chen R, Yu B, Agarwal K, Tsukamoto H, Lee LJ, Paulaitis ME, Brigstock DR. Epigenetic regulation of connective tissue growth factor by MicroRNA-214 delivery in exosomes from mouse or human hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 2014; 59:1118-29. [PMID: 24122827 PMCID: PMC3943742 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) drives fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Here we show that CCN2 up-regulation in fibrotic or steatotic livers, or in culture-activated or ethanol-treated primary mouse HSC, is associated with a reciprocal down-regulation of microRNA-214 (miR-214). By using protector or reporter assays to investigate the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of CCN2 mRNA, we found that induction of CCN2 expression in HSC by fibrosis-inducing stimuli was due to reduced expression of miR-214, which otherwise inhibited CCN2 expression by directly binding to the CCN2 3'-UTR. Additionally, miR-214 was present in HSC exosomes, which were bi-membrane vesicles, 50-150 nm in diameter, negatively charged (-26 mV), and positive for CD9. MiR-214 levels in exosomes but not in cell lysates were reduced by pretreatment of the cells with the exosome inhibitor, GW4869. Coculture of either quiescent HSC or miR-214-transfected activated HSC with CCN2 3'-UTR luciferase reporter-transfected recipient HSC resulted in miR-214- and exosome-dependent regulation of a wild-type CCN2 3'-UTR reporter but not of a mutant CCN2 3'-UTR reporter lacking the miR-214 binding site. Exosomes from HSC were a conduit for uptake of miR-214 by primary mouse hepatocytes. Down-regulation of CCN2 expression by miR-214 also occurred in human LX-2 HSC, consistent with a conserved miR-214 binding site in the human CCN2 3'-UTR. MiR-214 in LX-2 cells was shuttled by way of exosomes to recipient LX-2 cells or human HepG2 hepatocytes, resulting in suppression of CCN2 3'-UTR activity or expression of CCN2 downstream targets, including alpha smooth muscle actin or collagen. Experimental fibrosis in mice was associated with reduced circulating miR-214 levels. CONCLUSION Exosomal transfer of miR-214 is a paradigm for the regulation of CCN2-dependent fibrogenesis and identifies fibrotic pathways as targets of intercellular regulation by exosomal miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205
| | - Alyssa Charrier
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43212
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205
| | - Ruju Chen
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210,Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kitty Agarwal
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073
| | - L. James Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210,Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael E Paulaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210,Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - David R Brigstock
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43212,Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212,Address Correspondence to: David Brigstock, Ph.D., Room 2011, Research Building 2, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205, Tel 614-355-2824,
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Charrier A, Chen L, Chen R, Hattori T, Takigawa M, Brigstock D. Production of Nano-Sized Exosomes by Fibrogenic Cells of the Liver or Pancreas: Role in Intercellular Delivery of Pro-Fibrotic Molecules and Potential as Novel Drug Delivery Agents In Vivo. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Charrier A, Chen R, Chen L, Kemper S, Hattori T, Takigawa M, Brigstock DR. Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) and microRNA-21 are components of a positive feedback loop in pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) during chronic pancreatitis and are exported in PSC-derived exosomes. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:147-56. [PMID: 24464300 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas which, in its chronic form, involves tissue destruction, exocrine and endocrine insufficiency, increased risk of pancreatic cancer, and an extensive fibrotic pathology which is due to unrelenting collagen deposition by pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). In response to noxious agents such as alcohol-excessive consumption of which is a major cause of pancreatitis in the West-normally quiescent PSC undergo a phenotypic and functional transition to activated myofibroblasts which produce and deposit collagen at high levels. This process is regulated by connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), expression of which is highly up-regulated in activated PSC. We show that CCN2 production by activated PSC is associated with enhanced expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) which was detected at high levels in activated PSC in a murine model of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. A positive feedback loop between CCN2 and miR-21 was identified that resulted in enhancement of their respective expression as well as that of collagen α1(I). Both miR-21 and CCN2 mRNA were present in PSC-derived exosomes, which were characterized as 50-150 nm CD9-positive nano-vesicles. Exosomes from CCN2-GFP- or miR-21-GFP-transfected PSC were taken up by other PSC cultures, as shown by direct fluorescence or qRT-PCR for GFP. Collectively these studies establish miR-21 and CCN2 as participants in a positive feedback loop during PSC activation and as components of the molecular payload in PSC-derived exosomes that can be delivered to other PSC. Thus interactions between cellular or exosomal miR-21 and CCN2 represent novel aspects of fibrogenic regulation in PSC. Summary Chronic injury in the pancreas is associated with fibrotic pathology which is driven in large part by CCN2-dependent collagen production in pancreatic stellate cells. This study shows that CCN2 up-regulation in PSC is associated with increased expression of miR-21 which, in turn, is able to stimulate CCN2 expression further via a positive feedback loop. Additionally miR-21 and CCN2 were identified in PSC-derived exosomes which effected their delivery to other PSC. The cellular and exosomal miR-21-CCN2 axis is a novel component in PSC fibrogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
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Lefèvre E, Guivier-Curien C, Pithioux M, Charrier A. Determination of mechanical properties of cortical bone using AFM under dry and immersed conditions. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16 Suppl 1:337-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.815974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Chen L, Charrier A, Zhou Y, Brigstock D. The Pro-Fibrotic Molecule, Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), is Regulated by MicroRNA-214 (miR-214) in Hepatic Stellate Cells. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) is characterized by pancreatic necrosis, inflammation, and scarring, the latter of which is due to excessive collagen deposition by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). The aim of this study was to establish a model of ACP in mice, a species that is usually resistant to the toxic effects of alcohol, and to identify the cell type(s) responsible for production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a pro-fibrotic molecule. C57Bl/6 male mice received intraperitoneal ethanol injections for 3 weeks against a background of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Peak blood alcohol levels remained consistently high in ethanol-treated mice as compared with control mice. In mice receiving ethanol plus cerulein, there was increased collagen deposition as compared with other treatment groups as well as increased frequency of alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin-positive PSC, which also showed significantly enhanced CTGF protein production. Expression of mRNA for collagen alpha1(I), alpha-smooth muscle actin or CTGF were all increased and co-localized exclusively to activated PSC in ACP. Pancreatic expression of mRNA for key profibrotic markers were all increased in ACP. In conclusion, a mouse model of ACP has been developed that mimics key pathophysiological features of the disease in humans and which shows that activated PSC are the principal producers of collagen and CTGF. PSC-derived CTGF is thus a candidate therapeutic target in anti-fibrotic strategies for ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus OH 43205,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43212
| | - David R. Brigstock
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus OH 43205,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43212,Departments of Surgery and Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43212,Address correspondence to: David R. Brigstock, Room WA2022, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus OH 43205. Tel 614-355-2824; Fax 614-722-5892;
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18
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Billotte N, Jourjon MF, Marseillac N, Berger A, Flori A, Asmady H, Adon B, Singh R, Nouy B, Potier F, Cheah SC, Rohde W, Ritter E, Courtois B, Charrier A, Mangin B. QTL detection by multi-parent linkage mapping in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Theor Appl Genet 2010; 120:1673-87. [PMID: 20182696 PMCID: PMC2859221 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis designed for a multi-parent population was carried out and tested in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), which is a diploid cross-fertilising perennial species. A new extension of the MCQTL package was especially designed for crosses between heterozygous parents. The algorithm, which is now available for any allogamous species, was used to perform and compare two types of QTL search for small size families, within-family analysis and across-family analysis, using data from a 2 x 2 complete factorial mating experiment involving four parents from three selected gene pools. A consensus genetic map of the factorial design was produced using 251 microsatellite loci, the locus of the Sh major gene controlling fruit shell presence, and an AFLP marker of that gene. A set of 76 QTLs involved in 24 quantitative phenotypic traits was identified. A comparison of the QTL detection results showed that the across-family analysis proved to be efficient due to the interconnected families, but the family size issue is just partially solved. The identification of QTL markers for small progeny numbers and for marker-assisted selection strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Billotte
- Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR 1098 Plant Development and Molecular Improvement, Avenue Agropolis, TA 03/96, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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19
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Musoli P, Cubry P, Aluka P, Billot C, Dufour M, De Bellis F, Pot D, Bieysse D, Charrier A, Leroy T. Genetic differentiation of wild and cultivated populations: diversity of Coffea canephora Pierre in Uganda. Genome 2010; 52:634-46. [PMID: 19767894 DOI: 10.1139/g09-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coffea canephora Pierre ex Frohener is a perennial plant originated from Africa. Two main groups, Guinean and Congolese, have already been identified within this species. They correspond to main refugia in western and central Africa. In this paper we present the analysis of a region that has not yet been studied, Uganda. Two wild, one feral (once cultivated but abandoned for many years), and two cultivated populations of C. canephora from Uganda were evaluated using 24 microsatellite markers. Basic diversity, dissimilarity and genetic distances between individuals, genetic differentiation between populations, and structure within populations were analysed. Expected heterozygosity was high for wild compartments (0.48 to 0.54) and for cultivated and feral ones (0.57 to 0.59), with the number of private alleles ranging from 12 for cultivated genotypes to 37 for a wild compartment. The Ugandan samples show significant population structuring. We compared the Ugandan populations with a representative sample of known genetic diversity groups within the species using 18 markers. Coffea canephora of Ugandan origin was found to be genetically different from previously identified diversity groups, implying that it forms another diversity group within the species. Given its large distribution and extremely recent domestication, C. canephora can be used to understand the effect of refugia colonization on genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musoli
- Coffee Research Institute, P.O. Box 185, Mukono, Uganda
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20
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DiRosario J, Divers E, Wang C, Etter J, Charrier A, Jukkola P, Auer H, Best V, Newsom DL, McCarty DM, Fu H. Innate and adaptive immune activation in the brain of MPS IIIB mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:978-90. [PMID: 18951493 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is a lysosomal storage disease with severe neurological manifestations due to alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NaGlu) deficiency. The mechanism of neuropathology in MPS IIIB is unclear. This study investigates the role of immune responses in neurological disease of MPS IIIB in mice. By means of gene expression microarrays and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated significant up-regulation of numerous immune-related genes in MPS IIIB mouse brain involving a broad range of immune cells and molecules, including T cells, B cells, microglia/macrophages, complement, major histocompatibility complex class I, immunoglobulin, Toll-like receptors, and molecules essential for antigen presentation. The significantly enlarged spleen and lymph nodes in MPS IIIB mice were due to an increase in splenocytes/lymphocytes, and functional assays indicated that the T cells were activated. An autoimmune component to the disease was further suggested by the presence of putative autoantigen or autoantigens in brain extracts that reacted specifically with serum IgG from MPS IIIB mice. We also demonstrated for the first time that immunosuppression with prednisolone alone can significantly slow the central nervous system disease progression. Our data indicate that immune responses contribute greatly to the neuropathology of MPS IIIB and should be considered as an adjunct treatment in future therapeutic developments for optimal therapeutic effect.
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Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play a central role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis, a common feature of chronic pancreatitis which is often caused by excessive alcohol consumption. In view of the central role of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) in fibrosis, we investigated the mechanisms by which CCN2 is regulated in PSC following their exposure to ethanol or acetaldehyde. Primary cultures of PSC from Balb/c mice were treated with 0-50 mM ethanol or 0-200 microM acetaldehyde in the presence or absence of 4-methylpyrazole (4MP; an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase), diallyl sulfide (DAS; an inhibitor of cytochrome P4502E1) or anti-oxidant catalase or vitamin D. CCN2 production, assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to measure CCN2 mRNA levels or by fluorescence activated cell sorting to assess CCN2 protein, was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by ethanol or acetaldehyde. In the presence of 4MP, DAS, or the anti-oxidants vitamin D or catalase, there was a substantial decrease in the ability of ethanol to stimulate CCN2 mRNA expression and a concomitant decrease in CCN2-positive PSC. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species in PSC after exposure to ethanol was verified by loading the cells with dichlorofluorescin diacetate and showing that there was a stimulation of its oxidized fluorescent product, the latter of which was diminished in the presence of catalase or vitamin D. These results show the production of acetaldehyde and oxidant stress in mouse PSC are the cause of increased CCN2 mRNA and protein production after exposure of the cells to ethanol. The potential therapeutic effects of inhibitors of ethanol metabolism or anti-oxidants in alcoholic pancreatitis may arise in part through their ability to attenuate CCN2 production by PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Lawrencia
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, Columbus, OH, USA
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22
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Unger JB, Lilien DL, Caldito G, Ivy JJ, Charrier A, Bellaire B. The prognostic value of pretreatment 2-(18F)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scan in women with cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:1062-7. [PMID: 17367319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial risk that prognosis determined with routine clinical staging for cervical cancer may be inaccurate. This is primarily due to understaging due to the lack of detection of nodal disease. This is particularly true for para-aortic nodal metastases. Treatment based on such staging may also be inadequate for the same reason. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been demonstrated to be useful in the staging of cervical cancer and superior to either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of nodal disease. Our objective was to determine the prognostic value of pretreatment 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET scan in women with cervical cancer. We reviewed the records of 56 women with cervical cancer who underwent FDG PET scan prior to treatment. The primary outcome was the effect of abnormal FDG uptake consistent with metastatic nodal disease on 20-month disease-free survival. The pretreatment PET scan demonstrated abnormal FDG uptake in the pelvic nodes alone in 14 (25%) women, in pelvic and para-aortic nodes in 10 (17.9%), and in neither pelvic nor para-aortic nodes in 32 (57.1%). Women with positive pelvic nodes by PET as well as women with positive para-aortic nodes had significantly poorer 20-month disease-free survival compared to women with negative nodes (P= 0.0003 and P= 0.0017, respectively). We conclude that pretreatment FDG PET scan revealing abnormal FDG uptake consistent with nodal disease is a robust predictor of disease recurrence and may alter the therapeutic management of some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Unger
- Division of Gynecologic Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
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Ampil FL, Unger JB, Caldito G, Charrier A. Definitive and palliative radiotherapy for cervix cancer in the elderly. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2006; 27:115-8. [PMID: 16620050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The elderly population is increasing in number. Aggressive therapeutic intervention in this patient group may not always be possible because of age, the presence of co-morbidity, and poor functional status. Hence, individualized management of cervix cancer (CC) in the elderly is often practiced. Because of the preceding consideration, the cases of 79 women 65 years of age and older with CC treated with radiation over the last 20 years were reviewed. The cases were classified into two groups--those who were aggressively irradiated (group 1: 43 patients) and those managed less intensively for palliation (group 2: 36 patients). Local tumor control, complications, and survival were assessed. There were fewer extremely aged (> or = 75 years of age) women (p = 0.006) with advanced stage disease (p = 0.012) in group 1 than in group 2. Also, group 1 women experienced fewer treatment failures (p < 0.0003) and more of them were alive and well at last follow-up (p < 0.005) than those from group 2. The median survival periods for groups 1 and 2 were 60 months and 11 months, respectively (p < 0.0001); the corresponding 5-year crude survival rates were 54% and 19%, respectively (p = 0.002). Two women required remedial surgery for bowel obstruction/perforation after irradiation, and one patient sustained chronic radiation cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Ampil
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Unger JB, Ivy JJ, Ramaswamy MR, Charrier A, Connor P. Whole-body [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan staging prior to planned radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:1060-4. [PMID: 16343182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of whole-body [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) imaging in properly selecting candidates for radical hysterectomy who are at low risk for subsequent chemoradiation. Retrospective study of 14 women undergoing planned radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with clinically localized cervical cancer and either negative or inconclusive metastatic nodal disease by PET scan was performed. Pelvic lymph nodes were clearly negative by FDG PET scan in 12 of the 14 women. Two women had focal FDG uptake suspicious, although not definitive, for nodal metastasis, and pelvic nodes were positive at surgery in both. Computed tomography (CT) scan failed to detect nodal disease in either woman. Neither PET nor CT was effective at detecting parametrial disease, and both also failed to detect the primary tumor in some cases. Women with FDG PET scans that are clearly negative for nodal disease are good candidates for radical hysterectomy and are at low risk for subsequent chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Unger
- Division of Gynecologic Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
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Lobos G, Charrier A, Carrasco G, Palma R. Presence of Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria: Microbiotheriidae) in the deciduous forests of central Chile. Mamm Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
We have studied the phase transitions of a phospholipidic single-bilayer supported on a mica substrate by real-time temperature-controlled atomic force microscopy. We show the existence of two phase transitions in this bilayer that we attribute to two gel (L(beta))/fluid (L(alpha)) transitions, corresponding to the independent melting of each leaflet of the bilayer. The ratio of each phase with temperature and the large broadening of the transitions' widths have been interpreted through a basic thermodynamic framework in which the surface tension varies during the transitions. The experimental data can be fit with such a model using known thermodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charrier
- Centre de Recherche en Matière Condensée et Nanosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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Billotte N, Marseillac N, Risterucci AM, Adon B, Brottier P, Baurens FC, Singh R, Herrán A, Asmady H, Billot C, Amblard P, Durand-Gasselin T, Courtois B, Asmono D, Cheah SC, Rohde W, Ritter E, Charrier A. Microsatellite-based high density linkage map in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Theor Appl Genet 2005; 110:754-65. [PMID: 15723275 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A microsatellite-based high-density linkage map for oil palm (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.) was constructed from a cross between two heterozygous parents, a tenera palm from the La Me population (LM2T) and a dura palm from the Deli population (DA10D). A set of 390 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was developed in oil palm from microsatellite-enriched libraries and evaluated for polymorphism along with 21 coconut SSRs. A dense and genome-wide microsatellite framework as well as saturating amplified fragments length polymorphisms (AFLPs) allowed the construction of a linkage map consisting of 255 microsatellites, 688 AFLPs and the locus of the Sh gene, which controls the presence or absence of a shell in the oil palm fruit. An AFLP marker E-Agg/M-CAA132 was mapped at 4.7 cM from the Sh locus. The 944 genetic markers were distributed on 16 linkage groups (LGs) and covered 1,743 cM. Our linkage map is the first in oil palm to have 16 independent linkage groups corresponding to the plant's 16 homologous chromosome pairs. It is also the only high-density linkage map with as many microsatellite markers in an Arecaceae species and represents an important step towards quantitative trait loci analysis and physical mapping in the E. guineensis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Billotte
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR 1096 Polymorphismes d'Intérêt Agronomique, TA 40/03 Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Crozier F, Hardwisgen J, Jaoua S, Charrier A, Aillaud S, Bourlière B, Devred P, Petit P. Kyste du cholédoque avec dilatation congénitale du canal cystique : à propos de deux cas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 128:459-61. [PMID: 14559196 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3944(03)00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of a choledochal cyst associated with dilatation of the cystic duct. This unusual variant of choledochal cyst was explored by ultrasonography and MR cholangiopancreatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crozier
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Timone-Enfant, 135, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Coulibaly I, Louarn J, Lorieux M, Charrier A, Hamon S, Noirot M. Pollen viability restoration in a Coffea canephora P. and C. heterocalyx Stoffelen backcross. QTL identification for marker-assisted selection. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 106:311-316. [PMID: 12582857 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2002] [Accepted: 05/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Male fertility of interspecific hybrids was analysed in one F1 and two backcrossed progenies originating from a cross between Coffea canephora and Coffea heterocalyx. Male fertility was tested using pollen stainability with acetic carmine. The results showed a marked decline in fertility at the F1 level, and fertility was almost fully restored after two backcrosses. The computed broad-sense heritability represented 47% of the variance. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) locations and effects on pollen viability were estimated using an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genetic linkage map constructed in the segregating BC1 population. Three significant QTLs (LOD>3 and p < 0.001 by ANOVA) were detected for pollen viability, two of which were responsible for the bimodal distribution of pollen viability in the segregating population. One QTL was involved in fertility variations among fertile BC1 plants. Fertility inheritance is discussed in relation with previously demonstrated chromosomal sterility in Coffea hybrids and the effect of detected QTLs. The potential use of genetic markers to overcome sterility in interspecific hybrids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Coulibaly
- Centre IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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Coulibaly I, Noirot M, Lorieux M, Charrier A, Hamon S, Louarn J. Introgression of self-compatibility from Coffea heterocalyx to the cultivated species Coffea canephora. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 105:994-999. [PMID: 12582926 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2001] [Accepted: 02/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-compatibility segregation was assessed in two successive backcross progenies originating from an interspecific cross between Coffea canephora (self-incompatible) and Coffea heterocalyx (self-compatible). After self- and cross-pollination, pollen tube behaviour in styles was observed under ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy and fruit-set was determined at harvesting time. Segregation ratios in the two progenies were consistent with monofactorial control of self-compatibility. Self-compatible plants exhibited higher fruit-set than self-incompatible ones in open-pollination conditions. Segregation of AFLP markers was scored in the first backcross progeny. By molecular linkage analysis, the S locus could be mapped to a short linkage group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Coulibaly
- Centre IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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Crozier F, Jouve JL, Zattara-Cannoni H, Bouvier C, Jaoua S, Charrier A, Bourlière B, Aillaud S, Devred PH, Petit P. [Lipoblastoma of the buttock]. J Radiol 2002; 83:983-5. [PMID: 12223938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipoblastoma is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor arising from embryonal mesenchymal cells. It occurs mostly during early childhood with a predilection for the extremities, trunk, head and neck. This tumor tends to spread locally and no metastatic potential has been reported. Complete surgical resection is mandatory to prevent local recurrence. MRI provides excellent presurgical delineation of the tumor and confirms its fatty nature. Histology demonstrates the presence of lipoblasts in different stages of maturation; cytogenetic evaluation often discloses chromosomal anomalies of tumoral cells. A case of lipoblastoma of the buttock in a 10 month infant associated with anomalies of chromosome 8 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crozier
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, Marseille, France.
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Herrera JC, Combes MC, Anthony F, Charrier A, Lashermes P. Introgression into the allotetraploid coffee ( Coffea arabica L.): segregation and recombination of the C. canephora genome in the tetraploid interspecific hybrid ( C. arabicax C. canephora). Theor Appl Genet 2002; 104:661-668. [PMID: 12582671 DOI: 10.1007/s001220100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of desired characters from the diploid relative species such as Coffea canephora into the cultivated allotetraploid coffee species ( Coffea arabica L.) is essential to the continued improvement of varieties. Behaviour of the C. canephora genome and its interaction with the C. arabica genome were investigated in tetraploid interspecific hybrids ( C. arabicax C. canephora 4 x) resulting from a cross between an accession of C. arabica and a tetraploid plant of C. canephora obtained following colchicine treatment. Segregation and co-segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and microsatellite loci-markers were studied in two BC(1) populations. These two populations of 28 and 45 individuals, respectively, resulted from the backcross of two tetraploid F(1)plants to C. arabica. The presence in BC(1) plants of specific C. canephora markers was scored for 24 loci (11 RFLP and 13 microsatellites) distributed on at least 7 of the 11 linkage groups identified in C. canephora. At almost all loci analysed, the segregation of C. canephora alleles transmitted by the ( C. arabicax C. canephora 4 x) hybrids conformed to the expected ratio assuming random chromosome segregation and the absence of selection. The recombination fractions of C. canephorachromosome segments were estimated for seven marker intervals, and compared with the recombination fractions previously observed in C. canephora for the equivalent marker intervals. The recombination frequencies estimated in both plant materials were rather similar, suggesting that recombination in the ( C. arabicax C. canephora 4 x) hybrid is not significantly restricted by the genetic differentiation between chromosomes belonging to the different genomes. The hybrid ( C. arabicax C. canephora 4 x) therefore appeared particularly favourable to intergenomic recombination events and gene introgressions.
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Lashermes P, Combes MC, Prakash NS, Trouslot P, Lorieux M, Charrier A. Genetic linkage map of Coffea canephora: effect of segregation distortion and analysis of recombination rate in male and female meioses. Genome 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/g01-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary segregating plant populations of Coffea canephora were produced from the same clone. One population (DH) comprised 92 doubled haploids derived from female gametes, while the other population (TC) was a test cross consisting of 44 individuals derived from male gametes. Based on the DH population, a genetic linkage map comprising 160 loci was constructed. Eleven linkage groups that putatively correspond to the 11 gametic chromosomes of C. canephora were identified. The mapped loci included more than 40 specific sequence-tagged site markers, either single-copy RFLP probes or microsatellites, that could serve as standard landmarks in coffee-genome analyses. Furthermore, comparisons for segregation distortion and recombination frequency between the two populations were performed. Although segregation distortions were observed in both populations, the frequency of loci exhibiting a very pronounced degree of distortion was especially high in the DH population. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis of strong zygotic selection among the DH population. The recombination frequencies in both populations were found to be almost indistinguishable. These results offer evidence in favour of the lack of significant sex differences in recombination in C. canephora.Key words: coffee, mapping, sex differences, segregation distortion, recombination frequency.
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Lashermes P, Combes MC, Prakash NS, Trouslot P, Lorieux M, Charrier A. Genetic linkage map of Coffea canephora: effect of segregation distortion and analysis of recombination rate in male and female meioses. Genome 2001; 44:589-96. [PMID: 11550892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Two complementary segregating plant populations of Coffea canephora were produced from the same clone. One population (DH) comprised 92 doubled haploids derived from female gametes, while the other population (TC) was a test cross consisting of 44 individuals derived from male gametes. Based on the DH population, a genetic linkage map comprising 160 loci was constructed. Eleven linkage groups that putatively correspond to the 11 gametic chromosomes of C. canephora were identified. The mapped loci included more than 40 specific sequence-tagged site markers, either single-copy RFLP probes or microsatellites, that could serve as standard landmarks in coffee-genome analyses. Furthermore, comparisons for segregation distortion and recombination frequency between the two populations were performed. Although segregation distortions were observed in both populations, the frequency of loci exhibiting a very pronounced degree of distortion was especially high in the DH population. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis of strong zygotic selection among the DH population. The recombination frequencies in both populations were found to be almost indistinguishable. These results offer evidence in favour of the lack of significant sex differences in recombination in C. canephora.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lashermes
- Regional Coffee Research Station, Coffee Board, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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36
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Lashermes P, Combes M, Prakash N, Trouslot P, Lorieux M, Charrier A. Genetic linkage map of Coffea canephora: effect of segregation distortion and analysis of recombination rate in male and female meioses. Genome 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-44-4-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lashermes P, Paczek V, Trouslot P, Combes MC, Couturon E, Charrier A. Single-locus inheritance in the allotetraploid Coffea arabica L. and interspecific hybrid C. arabica x C. canephora. J Hered 2000; 91:81-5. [PMID: 10739135 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/91.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic analysis has indicated that Coffea arabica is an amphidiploid formed from the hybridization between two closely related diploid progenitor species, C. canephora and C. eugenioides. Our aim was to determine the mode of inheritance in C. arabica and in a tetraploid interspecific hybrid (called arabusta) between C. arabica and C. canephora as revealed by segregation analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci markers. The observed RFLP allele segregations in an F(2) progeny of C. arabica conform to disomic inheritance as expected, with regular bivalent pairing of homologous chromosomes in the F1 hybrid. In contrast, RFLP loci followed tetrasomic inheritance in the arabusta interspecific hybrid, although bivalents have been reported to predominate greatly at meiosis in its hybrid. These results suggest that homologous chromosomes do not pair in C. arabica, not as a consequence of structural differentiation, but because of the functioning of pairing regulating factors. Moreover, the arabusta hybrid seems to offer the possibility of gene exchange between the homologous genomes.
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Lashermes P, Combes MC, Robert J, Trouslot P, D'Hont A, Anthony F, Charrier A. Molecular characterisation and origin of the Coffea arabica L. genome. Mol Gen Genet 1999; 261:259-66. [PMID: 10102360 DOI: 10.1007/s004380050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used in combination with genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) to investigate the origin of the allotetraploid species Coffea arabica (2n = 44). By comparing the RFLP patterns of potential diploid progenitor species with those of C. arabica, the sources of the two sets of chromosomes, or genomes, combined in C. arabica were identified. The genome organisation of C. arabica was confirmed by GISH using simultaneously labelled total genomic DNA from the two putative genome donor species as probes. These results clearly suggest that C. arabica is an amphidiploid formed by hybridisation between C. eugenioides and C. canephora, or ecotypes related to these diploid species. Our results also indicate low divergence between the two constituent genomes of C. arabica and those of its progenitor species, suggesting that the speciation of C. arabica took place relatively recently. Precise localisation in Central Africa of the site of the speciation of C. arabica, based on the present distribution of the coffee species, appears difficult, since the constitution and extent of tropical forest has varied considerably during the late Quaternary period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lashermes
- IRD (ex ORSTOM) GeneTrop, Montpellier, France.
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Couturon E, Lashermes P, Charrier A. First intergeneric hybrids (Psilanthus ebracteolatus Hiern x Coffea arabica L.) in coffee trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/b98-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intergeneric hybrids between Psilanthus ebracteolatus (2n = 22) and Coffea arabica (2n = 44) were successfully produced by crossing at the tetraploid level. Although a total of 41 plants was obtained, only nine plants survived after 5 months growth in the nursery. Hybrid status was confirmed by means of cytological and molecular methods. For most of the morphological characteristics analyzed, hybrids appeared intermediate between the two parental species. The mean production of two surviving hybrids per 100 pollinated flowers as well as their fertility are comparable with those reported for intrageneric crosses between subgenera Coffea species, and do not support the present division of coffee trees into two genera. Both the capacity of C. arabica to hybridize with P. ebracteolatus and the fertility of hybrids produced appear high enough to envisage intergeneric gene transfers from P. ebracteolatus into C. arabica.Key words: coffee, fertility, hybridization, intergeneric, polyploid, wide cross.
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Cros J, Combes MC, Trouslot P, Anthony F, Hamon S, Charrier A, Lashermes P. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA variation in Coffea L. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1998; 9:109-17. [PMID: 9479700 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1997.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of cpDNA has been sequenced from 38 tree samples representing 23 Coffea taxa and the related genus Psilanthus. These sequences were used for phylogenetic reconstruction using parsimony analyses. The results suggest a radial mode of speciation and a recent origin in Africa for the genus Coffea. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from the cpDNA analysis suggest several major clades, which present a strong geographical correspondence (i.e., west Africa, central Africa, east Africa, and Madagascar). The overall results agree well with the phylogeny previously inferred from nuclear genome data. However, several inconsistencies are observed among taxa endemic to west Africa, suggesting the occurrence of introgressive hybridization. Evidence is also obtained for the genetic origin of the allotetraploid species C. arabica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cros
- Laboratoire de Ressources Génétiques et d'Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, ORSTOM, Montpellier, France
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Couturon E, Lashermes P, Charrier A. First intergeneric hybrids ( Psilanthus ebracteolatus Hiern × Coffea arabica L.) in coffee trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/cjb-76-3-542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lashermes P, Cros J, Combes MC, Trouslot P, Anthony F, Hamon S, Charrier A. Inheritance and restriction fragment length polymorphism of chloroplast DNA in the genus Coffea L. Theor Appl Genet 1996; 93:626-632. [PMID: 24162358 DOI: 10.1007/bf00417958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/1996] [Accepted: 04/26/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CpDNA variation among 52 tree samples belonging to 25 different taxa of Coffea and two species of Psilanthus was assessed by RFLP analysis on both the total chloroplast genome and the atpB-rbcL intergenic region. Twelve variable characters were distinguished allowing the identification of 12 different plastomes. The low sequence divergence observed might suggest that Coffea is a young genus. The results were in contradiction with the present classification into two genera. Additionally, cpDNA inheritance was studied in interspecific hybrids between C. arabica and C. canephora, and in an intraspecific progeny of C. canephora, using PCR-based markers. Both studies showed exclusively maternal inheritance of cpDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lashermes
- ORSTOM, Laboratoire de ressources génétiques et d'amélioration des plantes tropicales, BP 5045, F-34032, Montpellier, France
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Berthier M, Baraud C, Daban M, Paget A, Hay MC, Charrier A, Oriot D. [Evaluation of the psychosocial care in maternity: experience at the Poitiers University Hospital]. Arch Pediatr 1995; 2:840-7. [PMID: 7581779 DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)81260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High psychosocial risk pregnancies require specialized multidisciplinary help and follow-up in order to improve the outcome of babies. POPULATION AND METHODS Thirty pregnancies were selected among 3500 and followed by a multidisciplinary team during 1990 and 1991. Evaluation included risk predictors, neurodevelopmental outcome of children at 9 and 24 months, number and time of judicial notifications. Evaluation of the mother-to-baby relationship by a psychologist as well as the environmental variables were performed. RESULTS Four families had one or two, 20 families three or five and six families, six or more of the 15 risk predictors studied. Over the babies followed-up until the age of 24 months, four were placed out of the family, three hospitalizations were medically unjustified and there was no hospitalization for child abuse or neglect. Twelve children had development delay and two developed an environmental-related staturo-ponderal delay. Judicial notifications were realized 18 times during pregnancy or just after delivery and six times during the follow-up for child abuse and neglect. CONCLUSIONS Taking care of high psychosocial risk pregnancies could be improved in special hospitalization units for mother and child. A better awareness of this problem could also improve the outcome of children, which remains very alarming.
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Lemmer B, Charrier A. Antagonism by chlorisondamine and propranolol, but not by atenolol, of the circadian phase-dependent phentolamine-induced changes in the cardiac noradrenaline turnover in the rat. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1980; 313:205-12. [PMID: 7432552 DOI: 10.1007/bf00505735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phentolamine alone or in combination with propranolol, atenolol and chlorisondamine were studied on the concentration and turnover of noradrenaline in the heart of light-dark (L:D = 12:12 h) synchronized rats. In order to detect possible circadian phase-dependent variations in the drug effects, the same experiments were performed in the light-period and dark-period, respectively. The parameters of the turnover were calculated from the exponential decline of i.v. injected 3H-(-)-noradrenaline. Phentolamine significantly decreased the noradrenaline concentration during L, but not during D. Reduction in 3H-noradrenaline accumulation by phentolamine was 42.3% during L and 22.2% during D. Phentolamine increased the turnover rate of cardiac noradrenaline more than 3-fold in either photoperiod. Chlorisondamine reversed all the effects of phentolamine studied. Propranolol, but not atenolol, antagonized the effects of phentolamine in a dose-dependent and stereospecific way, being more effective when applied during D. Thus, the chronopharmacological studies in unrestrained rats show a circadian phase-dependency of the effects of adrenoceptor blocking drugs. It is concluded that a central site of action is responsible for the antagonism by propranolol of the phentolamine-induced increase in the turnover of the cardiac noradrenaline in vivo.
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