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Schwab AD, Wyatt TA, Nelson AJ, Gleason A, Gaurav R, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Lung-delivered IL-10 therapy elicits beneficial effects via immune modulation in organic dust exposure-induced lung inflammation. J Immunotoxicol 2024; 21:2332172. [PMID: 38563602 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2024.2332172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficacious therapeutic options capable of resolving inflammatory lung disease associated with environmental and occupational exposures are lacking. This study sought to determine the preclinical therapeutic potential of lung-delivered recombinant interleukin (IL)-10 therapy following acute organic dust exposure in mice. Here, C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with swine confinement organic dust extract (ODE) (12.5%, 25%, 50% concentrations) with IL-10 (1 μg) treatment or vehicle control intratracheally-administered three times: 5 hr post-exposure and then daily for 2 days. The results showed that IL-10 treatment reduced ODE (25%)-induced weight loss by 66% and 46% at Day 1 and Day 2 post-exposure, respectively. IL-10 treatment reduced ODE (25%, 50%)-induced lung levels of TNFα (-76%, -83% [reduction], respectively), neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 (-51%, -60%), and lavage fluid IL-6 (-84%, -89%). IL-10 treatment reduced ODE (25%, 50%)-induced lung neutrophils (-49%, -70%) and recruited CD11cintCD11b+ monocyte-macrophages (-49%, -70%). IL-10 therapy reduced ODE-associated expression of antigen presentation (MHC Class II, CD80, CD86) and inflammatory (Ly6C) markers and increased anti-inflammatory CD206 expression on CD11cintCD11b+ cells. ODE (12.5%, 25%)-induced lung pathology was also reduced with IL-10 therapy. In conclusion, the studies here showed that short-term, lung-delivered IL-10 treatment induced a beneficial response in reducing inflammatory consequences (that were also associated with striking reduction in recruited monocyte-macrophages) following acute complex organic dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Schwab
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Angela Gleason
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jill A Poole
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Schwab AD, Wyatt TA, Moravec G, Thiele GM, Nelson AJ, Gleason A, Schanze O, Duryee MJ, Romberger DJ, Mikuls TR, Poole JA. Targeting transitioning lung monocytes/macrophages as treatment strategies in lung disease related to environmental exposures. Respir Res 2024; 25:157. [PMID: 38594676 PMCID: PMC11003126 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental/occupational exposures cause significant lung diseases. Agricultural organic dust extracts (ODE) and bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce recruited, transitioning murine lung monocytes/macrophages, yet their cellular role remains unclear. METHODS CCR2 RFP+ mice were intratracheally instilled with high concentration ODE (25%), LPS (10 μg), or gram-positive peptidoglycan (PGN, 100 μg) for monocyte/macrophage cell-trafficking studies. CCR2 knockout (KO) mice and administration of intravenous clodronate liposomes strategies were employed to reduce circulating monocytes available for lung recruitment following LPS exposure. Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. Pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic cytokines, chemokines, and lung extracellular matrix mediators were quantitated by ELISA. Infiltrating lung cells including monocyte/macrophage subpopulations, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were characterized by flow cytometry. Lung histopathology, collagen content, vimentin, and post-translational protein citrullination and malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) modification were quantitated. Parametric statistical tests (one-way ANOVA, Tukey'smultiple comparison) and nonparametric statistical (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's multiple comparison) tests were used following Shapiro-Wilk testing for normality. RESULTS Intratracheal instillation of ODE, LPS, or PGN robustly induced the recruitment of inflammatory CCR2+ CD11cintCD11bhi monocytes/macrophages and both CCR2+ and CCR2- CD11c-CD11bhi monocytes at 48 h. There were also increases in CCR2+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Despite reductions in LPS-induced lung infiltrating CD11cintCD11bhi cells (54% reduction), CCR2 knockout (KO) mice were not protected against LPS-induced inflammatory and pro-fibrotic consequences. Instead, compensatory increases in lung neutrophils and CCL2 and CCL7 release occurred. In contrast, the depletion of circulating monocytes through the administration of intravenous clodronate (vs. vehicle) liposomes 24 h prior to LPS exposure reduced LPS-induced infiltrating CD11cintCD11bhi monocyte-macrophage subpopulation by 59% without compensatory changes in other cell populations. Clodronate liposome pre-treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced IL-6 (66% reduction), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 (36%), MMP-8 (57%), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (61%), fibronectin (38%), collagen content (22%), and vimentin (40%). LPS-induced lung protein citrullination and MAA modification, post-translational modifications implicated in lung disease, were reduced (39% and 48%) with clodronate vs. vehicle liposome. CONCLUSION Highly concentrated environmental/occupational exposures induced the recruitment of CCR2+ and CCR2- transitioning monocyte-macrophage and monocyte subpopulations and targeting peripheral monocytes may reduce the adverse lung consequences resulting from exposures to LPS-enriched inhalants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Schwab
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Grace Moravec
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Angela Gleason
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oliver Schanze
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jill A Poole
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Poole JA, Thiele GM, Ramler E, Nelson AJ, Duryee MJ, Schwab AD, Gleason A, Hunter CD, Gaurav R, Wyatt TA, England BR, Mikuls TR. Combined repetitive inhalant endotoxin and collagen-induced arthritis drive inflammatory lung disease and arthritis severity in a testosterone-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L239-L251. [PMID: 38086040 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00221.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory-related diseases are a leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are disproportionately higher in men, which may be attributable to environmental risk factors. Animal studies have demonstrated potentiated autoimmunity, arthritis, and profibrotic/inflammatory lung disease with a combination of airborne exposures and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This study aimed to determine whether hormone-dependent differences explained these observations. Arthritis-prone male intact and castrated DBA/1J mice received intranasal inhalation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) daily for 5 wk and CIA induction. Arthritis scores and serum pentraxin-2 levels were increased in castrated versus intact mice. In contrast, airway cell influx, lung tissue infiltrates, and lung levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers (C5a, IL-33, and matrix metalloproteinases) were reduced in castrated versus intact mice. CIA + LPS-induced lung histopathology changes and the expression of lung autoantigens including malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA)- and citrulline (CIT)-modified proteins and vimentin were reduced in castrated animals. There were no differences in serum anti-MAA or anti-CIT protein antibody (ACPA) levels or serum pentraxin levels between groups. Testosterone replacement led to a reversal of several lung inflammatory/profibrotic endpoints noted earlier in castrated male CIA + LPS-treated mice with testosterone supplementation promoting neutrophil influx, MAA expression, and TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-9. These findings imply that testosterone contributes to lung and arthritis inflammatory responses following CIA + LPS coexposure, but not to systemic autoantibody responses. The CIA + LPS model provides a paradigm for investigations focused on the mechanistic underpinnings for epidemiologic and phenotypic sex differences in RA-related lung disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that testosterone acts as a key immunomodulatory hormone contributing to critical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated lung disease in the setting of airborne endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) exposures and concomitant arthritis induction in mice. The exaggerated airway inflammation observed following combined exposures in male mice was accompanied by increases in profibrotic mediators, netosis, and increased expression of lung autoantigens, all relevant to the pathogenesis of lung disease in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Poole
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ramler
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Aaron D Schwab
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Angela Gleason
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Bryant R England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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Poole JA, Cole KE, Thiele GM, Talmadge JE, England BR, Nelson AJ, Gleason A, Schwab A, Gaurav R, Duryee MJ, Bailey KL, Romberger DJ, Hershberger D, De Graaff JV, May SM, Walenz R, Kramer B, Mikuls TR. Expansion of distinct peripheral blood myeloid cell subpopulations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111330. [PMID: 38086271 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with significant mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with key cellular players remaining largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize inflammatory and myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subpopulations in RA-ILD as compared to RA, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without autoimmunity, and controls. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from patients with RA, RA-ILD, IPF, and controls (N = 60, 15/cohort). Myeloid cell subpopulations were identified phenotypically by flow cytometry using the following markers:CD45,CD3,CD19,CD56,CD11b,HLA-DR,CD14,CD16,CD15,CD125,CD33. Functionality of subsets were identified with intracellular arginase-1 (Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. RESULTS There was increased intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and nonclassical (CD14+/-CD16++) and decreased classical (CD14++CD16-) monocytes in RA, RA-ILD, and IPF vs. control. Intermediate monocytes were higher and classical monocytes were lower in RA-ILD vs. RA but not IPF. Monocytic (m)MDSCs were higher in RA-ILD vs. control and RA but not IPF. Granulocytic (g)MDSCs did not significantly differ. In contrast, neutrophils were increased in IPF and RA-ILD patients with elevated expression of Arg-1 sharing similar dimensional clustering pattern. Eosinophils were increased in RA-ILD vs. controls, RA and IPF. Across cohorts, iNOS was decreased in intermediate/nonclassical monocytes but increased in mMDSCs vs. classical monocytes. In RA-ILD, iNOS positive mMDSCs were increased versus classic monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid cell subpopulations are significantly modulated in RA-ILD patients with expansion of CD16+ monocytes, mMDSCs, and neutrophils, a phenotypic profile more aligned with IPF than other RA patients. Eosinophil expansion was unique to RA-ILD, potentially facilitating disease pathogenesis and providing a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn E Cole
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bryant R England
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Duryee
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Joel Van De Graaff
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sara M May
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Ted R Mikuls
- Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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Applebaum AJ, Sannes T, Mitchell HR, McAndrew NS, Wiener L, Knight JM, Nelson AJ, Gray TF, Fank PM, Lahijani SC, Pozo-Kaderman C, Rueda-Lara M, Miran DM, Landau H, Amonoo HL. Fit for Duty: Lessons Learned from Outpatient and Homebound Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation to Prepare Family Caregivers for Home-Based Care. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:143-150. [PMID: 36572386 PMCID: PMC9780643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the demand for home-based care has been amplified by the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Home-based care has significant benefits for patients, their families, and healthcare systems, but it relies on the often-invisible workforce of family and friend caregivers who shoulder essential health care responsibilities, frequently with inadequate training and support. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), a potentially curative but intensive treatment for many patients with blood disorders, is being increasingly offered in home-based care settings and necessitates the involvement of family caregivers for significant patient care responsibilities. However, guidelines for supporting and preparing HCT caregivers to effectively care for their loved ones at home have not yet been established. Here, informed by the literature and our collective experience as clinicians and researchers who care for diverse patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing HCT, we provide considerations and recommendations to better support and prepare family caregivers in home-based HCT and, by extension, family caregivers supporting patients with other serious illnesses at home. We suggest tangible ways to screen family caregivers for distress and care delivery challenges, educate and train them to prepare for their caregiving role, and create an infrastructure of support for family caregivers within this emerging care delivery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Applebaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - T Sannes
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - H R Mitchell
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - N S McAndrew
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedtert Hospital, Patient Care Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - L Wiener
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - J M Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - A J Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T F Gray
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P M Fank
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S C Lahijani
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - C Pozo-Kaderman
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Rueda-Lara
- University of Miami/Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - D M Miran
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - H Landau
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - H L Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Poole JA, Gaurav R, Schwab A, Nelson AJ, Gleason A, Romberger DJ, Wyatt TA. Post-endotoxin exposure-induced lung inflammation and resolution consequences beneficially impacted by lung-delivered IL-10 therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17338. [PMID: 36243830 PMCID: PMC9569365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lung diseases typically result from long-term exposures, even a robust, one-time exposure can result in long-lasting consequences. Endotoxin is a ubiquitous environmental/occupational inflammatory agent often used to model airway inflammation. Using a murine model, the return to lung homeostasis following high dose inhalant lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10-100 μg) exposure were delineated over 2 weeks. LPS-induced rapid weight loss, release of proinflammatory mediators, and inflammatory cell influx with prolonged persistence of activated macrophages CD11c+CD11b+ and recruited/transitioning CD11cintCD11b+ monocyte-macrophages out to 2 weeks. Next, lung-delivered recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-10 was intratracheally administered for 3 doses initiated 5 h following LPS (10 μg) exposure for 2 days. IL-10 therapy reduced LPS-induced weight loss and increased blood glucose levels. Whereas there was no difference in LPS-induced bronchoalveolar lavage airway fluid cellular influx, total lung cell infiltrates were reduced (37%) with rIL-10 treatment. Post-LPS exposure treatment with rIL-10 strikingly reduced lavage fluid and lung homogenate levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (88% and 93% reduction, respectively), IL-6 (98% and 94% reduction), CXCL1 (66% and 75% reduction), and CXCL2 (47% and 67% reduction). LPS-induced recruited monocyte-macrophages (CD11cintCD11b+) were reduced (68%) with rIL-10. Correspondingly, LPS-induced lung tissue CCR2+ inflammatory monocyte-macrophage were reduced with rIL-10. There were also reductions in LPS-induced lung neutrophils, lymphocyte subpopulations, collagen content, and vimentin expression. These findings support the importance of studying resolution processes for the development of treatment after unintended environmental/occupational biohazard exposures. Short-term, lung-delivered rIL-10 favorably hastened inflammatory recovery processes following acute, high dose inhalant LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Aaron Schwab
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Angela Gleason
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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7
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Poole JA, Mikuls TR, Thiele GM, Gaurav R, Nelson AJ, Duryee MJ, Mitra A, Hunter C, Wyatt TA, England BR, Ascherman DP. Increased susceptibility to organic dust exposure-induced inflammatory lung disease with enhanced rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantigen expression in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. Respir Res 2022; 23:160. [PMID: 35717175 PMCID: PMC9206339 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenetic as well as environmental and occupational exposures have been linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), RA-associated lung disease, and other primary lung disorders. Importantly, various inhalants can trigger post-translational protein modifications, resulting in lung autoantigen expression capable of stimulating pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic immune responses. To further elucidate gene-environment interactions contributing to pathologic lung inflammation, we exploited an established model of organic dust extract (ODE) exposure with and without collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) versus HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. ODE-induced airway infiltration driven by neutrophils was significantly increased in DR4 versus WT mice, with corresponding increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of TNF-⍺, IL-6, and IL-33. Lung histopathology demonstrated increased number of ectopic lymphoid aggregates comprised of T and B cells following ODE exposure in DR4 mice. ODE also induced citrullination, malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) modification, and vimentin expression that co-localized with MAA and was enhanced in DR4 mice. Serum and BALF anti-MAA antibodies were strikingly increased in ODE-treated DR4 mice. Coupling ODE exposure with Type II collagen immunization (CIA) resulted in similarly augmented pro-inflammatory lung profiles in DR4 mice (relative to WT mice) that was accompanied by a profound increase in infiltrating lung CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as CD19+CD11b+ autoimmune B cells. Neither modeling strategy induced significant arthritis. These findings support a model in which environmental insults trigger enhanced post-translational protein modification and lung inflammation sharing immunopathological features with RA-associated lung disease in the selected immunogenetic background of HLA-DR4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Ananya Mitra
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Carlos Hunter
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Bryant R. England
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Dana P. Ascherman
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Gribben KC, Poole JA, Nelson AJ, Farazi PA, Wichman CS, Heires AJ, Romberger DJ, LeVan TD. Relationships of serum CC16 levels with smoking status and lung function in COPD. Respir Res 2022; 23:247. [PMID: 36114505 PMCID: PMC9479424 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The club cell secretory protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and low CC16 serum levels have been associated with both risk and progression of COPD, yet the interaction between smoking and CC16 on lung function outcomes remains unknown. METHODS Utilizing cross-sectional data on United States veterans, CC16 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA and log transformed for analyses. Spirometry was conducted and COPD status was defined by post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7. Smoking measures were self-reported on questionnaire. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were employed to examine associations between CC16 levels and COPD, and lung function with adjustment for covariates. Unadjusted Pearson correlations described relationships between CC16 level and lung function measures, pack-years smoked, and years since smoking cessation. RESULTS The study population (N = 351) was mostly male, white, with an average age over 60 years. An interaction between CC16 and smoking status on FEV1/FVC ratio was demonstrated among subjects with COPD (N = 245, p = 0.01). There was a positive correlation among former smokers and negative correlation among current or never smokers with COPD. Among former smokers with COPD, CC16 levels were also positively correlated with years since smoking cessation, and inversely related with pack-years smoked. Increasing CC16 levels were associated with lower odds of COPD (ORadj = 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.57, Padj < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Smoking status is an important effect modifier of CC16 relationships with lung function. Increasing serum CC16 corresponded to increases in FEV1/FVC ratio in former smokers with COPD versus opposite relationships in current or never smokers. Additional longitudinal studies may be warranted to assess relationship of CC16 with smoking cessation on lung function among subjects with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli C. Gribben
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Jill A. Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Paraskevi A. Farazi
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Christopher S. Wichman
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Art J. Heires
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA ,grid.478099.b0000 0004 0420 0296VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE 68105 USA
| | - Tricia D. LeVan
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA ,grid.478099.b0000 0004 0420 0296VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE 68105 USA
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9
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Mikuls TR, Gaurav R, Thiele GM, England BR, Wolfe MG, Shaw BP, Bailey KL, Wyatt TA, Nelson AJ, Duryee MJ, Hunter CD, Wang D, Romberger DJ, Ascherman DP, Poole JA. The impact of airborne endotoxin exposure on rheumatoid arthritis-related joint damage, autoantigen expression, autoimmunity, and lung disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108069. [PMID: 34461491 PMCID: PMC8551041 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Airborne biohazards are risk factors in the development and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA-associated lung disease, yet the mechanisms explaining this relationship remain unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a ubiquitous inflammatory agent in numerous environmental and occupational air pollutant settings recognized to induce airway inflammation. Combining repetitive LPS inhalation exposures with the collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model, DBA1/J mice were assigned to either: sham (saline injection/saline inhalation), CIA (CIA/saline), LPS (saline/LPS 100 ng inhalation), or CIA + LPS for 5 weeks. Serum anti-citrullinated (CIT) protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) antibodies were strikingly potentiated with co-exposure (CIA + LPS). CIT- and MAA-modified lung proteins were increased with co-exposure and co-localized across treatment groups. Inhaled LPS exacerbated arthritis with CIA + LPS > LPS > CIA versus sham. Periarticular bone loss was demonstrated in CIA and CIA + LPS but not in LPS alone. LPS induced airway inflammation and neutrophil infiltrates were reduced with co-exposure (CIA + LPS). Potentially signaling transition to pro-fibrotic processes, there were increased infiltrates of activated CD11c+CD11b+ macrophages and transitioning CD11c+CD11bint monocyte-macrophage populations with CIA + LPS. Moreover, several lung remodeling proteins including fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinases as well as complement C5a were potentiated with CIA + LPS compared to other treatment groups. IL-33 concentrations in lung homogenates were enhanced with CIA + LPS with IL-33 lung staining driven by LPS. IL-33 expression was also significantly increased in lung tissues from patients with RA-associated lung disease (N = 8) versus controls (N = 7). These findings suggest that patients with RA may be more susceptible to developing interstitial lung disease following airborne biohazard exposures enriched in LPS.
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MESH Headings
- Air Pollutants/adverse effects
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/complications
- Arthritis, Experimental/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Dust
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects
- Interleukin-33/analysis
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted R Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bryant R England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madison G Wolfe
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brianna P Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dana P Ascherman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jill A Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Gaurav R, Mikuls TR, Thiele GM, Nelson AJ, Niu M, Guda C, Eudy JD, Barry AE, Wyatt TA, Romberger DJ, Duryee MJ, England BR, Poole JA. High-throughput analysis of lung immune cells in a combined murine model of agriculture dust-triggered airway inflammation with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240707. [PMID: 33577605 PMCID: PMC7880471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated lung disease is a leading cause of mortality in RA, yet the mechanisms linking lung disease and RA remain unknown. Using an established murine model of RA-associated lung disease combining collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with organic dust extract (ODE)-induced airway inflammation, differences among lung immune cell populations were analyzed by single cell RNA-sequencing. Additionally, four lung myeloid-derived immune cell populations including macrophages, monocytes/macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils were isolated by fluorescence cell sorting and gene expression was determined by NanoString analysis. Unsupervised clustering revealed 14 discrete clusters among Sham, CIA, ODE, and CIA+ODE treatment groups: 3 neutrophils (inflammatory, resident/transitional, autoreactive/suppressor), 5 macrophages (airspace, differentiating/recruited, recruited, resident/interstitial, and proliferative airspace), 2 T-cells (differentiating and effector), and a single cluster each of inflammatory monocytes, dendritic cells, B-cells and natural killer cells. Inflammatory monocytes, autoreactive/suppressor neutrophils, and recruited/differentiating macrophages were predominant with arthritis induction (CIA and CIA+ODE). By specific lung cell isolation, several interferon-related and autoimmune genes were disproportionately expressed among CIA and CIA+ODE (e.g. Oasl1, Oas2, Ifit3, Gbp2, Ifi44, and Zbp1), corresponding to RA and RA-associated lung disease. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reduced, while complement genes (e.g. C1s1 and Cfb) were uniquely increased in CIA+ODE mice across cell populations. Recruited and inflammatory macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils expressing interferon-, autoimmune-, and complement-related genes might contribute towards pro-fibrotic inflammatory lung responses following airborne biohazard exposures in setting of autoimmune arthritis and could be predictive and/or targeted to reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gaurav
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - James D. Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Austin E. Barry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Bryant R. England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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11
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Wyatt TA, Nemecek M, Chandra D, DeVasure JM, Nelson AJ, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Organic dust-induced lung injury and repair: Bi-directional regulation by TNFα and IL-10. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:153-162. [PMID: 32634062 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1776428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organic dust increases chronic airway inflammatory disorders. Effective treatment strategies are lacking. It has been reported that hog barn dust extracts (HDE) induce TNFα through protein kinase C (PKC) activation and that lung inflammation is enhanced in scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204) knockout (KO) mice following HDE. Because interleukin (IL)-10 production can limit excessive inflammation, it was hypothesized here that HDE-induced IL-10 would require CD204 to effect inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), SRA KO, and IL-10 KO mice were intranasally challenged daily for 8 days with HDE and subsequently rested for 3 days with/without recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) treatment. Primary peritoneal macrophages (PM) and murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) were treated in vitro with HDE, SRA ligand (fucoidan), rIL-10, and/or PKC isoform inhibitors. HDE induced in vivo lung IL-10 in WT, but not SRA KO mice, and similar trends were demonstrated in isolated PM from same treated mice. Lung lymphocyte aggregates and neutrophils were elevated in in vivo HDE-treated SRA and IL-10 KO mice after a 3-d recovery, and treatment during recovery with rIL-10 abrogated these responses. In vitro rIL-10 treatment reduced HDE-stimulated TNFα release in MH-S and WT PM. In SRA KO macrophages, there was reduced IL-10 and PKC zeta (ζ) activity and increased TNFα following in vitro HDE stimulation. Similarly, blocking SRA (24 hr fucoidan pre-treatment) resulted in enhanced HDE-stimulated macrophage TNFα and decreased IL-10 and PKCζ activation. PKCζ inhibitors blocked HDE-stimulated IL-10, but not TNFα. Collectively, HDE stimulates IL-10 by an SRA- and PKCζ-dependent mechanism to regulate TNFα. Enhancing resolution of dust-mediated lung inflammation through targeting IL-10 and/or SRA may represent new approaches to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Nemecek
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J M DeVasure
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A J Nelson
- Allergy and Immunology Divisions, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J A Poole
- Allergy and Immunology Divisions, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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12
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Welsh H, Nelson AJ, van der Merwe AE, de Boer HH, Brickley MB. An Investigation of Micro-CT Analysis of Bone as a New Diagnostic Method for Paleopathological Cases of Osteomalacia. Int J Paleopathol 2020; 31:23-33. [PMID: 32927328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper looks to broaden the methodological possibilities for diagnosing osteomalacia in archaeological bone using micro-CT analysis. Increasing the identification of osteomalacia in paleopathology will provide support for important interpretive frameworks. MATERIALS Nine embedded and two unembedded rib fragments were sourced from St. Martin's Birmingham and Ancaster, UK, and Lisieux Michelet, France. Of the 11 samples, nine were previously confirmed as osteomalacic, and presented with varying levels of diagenesis and two were non-osteomalacic controls, one of which exhibits diagenetic change. METHODS Micro-CT, backscattered scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy were employed. Micro-CT images were evaluated for osteomalacic features using corresponding microscopic images. RESULTS Micro-CT images from osteomalacic samples demonstrated the presence of defective mineralization adjacent to cement lines, areas of incomplete mineralization, and resorptive bays/borders, three key diagnostic features of osteomalacia. Diagenetic change was also detectable in micro-CT images, but did not prevent the diagnosis of osteomalacia. CONCLUSIONS Micro-CT analysis is a non-destructive method capable of providing microstructural images of osteomalacic features in embedded and unembedded samples. When enough of these features are present, micro-CT images are capable of confirming a diagnosis of osteomalacia. SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin D deficiency has important health consequences which operate throughout the life course. Increasing the ability to detect cases of vitamin D deficiency provides researchers with a greater understanding of health and disease in past communities. LIMITATIONS Only adult rib samples were used. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Paleopathologists should look to test the utility of micro-CT analysis in diagnosing active rickets in subadult individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Welsh
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.
| | - A J Nelson
- Departments of Anthropology and Chemistry, Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C3, Canada
| | - A E van der Merwe
- Department of Medical Biology, Section Clinical Anatomy and Embryology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H H de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Forensic Medicine, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M B Brickley
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada
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13
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Johnson AN, Harkema JR, Nelson AJ, Dickinson JD, Kalil J, Duryee MJ, Thiele GM, Kumar B, Singh AB, Gaurav R, Glover SC, Tang Y, Romberger DJ, Kielian T, Poole JA. MyD88 regulates a prolonged adaptation response to environmental dust exposure-induced lung disease. Respir Res 2020; 21:97. [PMID: 32321514 PMCID: PMC7178993 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental organic dust exposures enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can reduce allergic asthma development but are associated with occupational asthma and chronic bronchitis. The TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88) is fundamental in regulating acute inflammatory responses to organic dust extract (ODE), yet its role in repetitive exposures is unknown and could inform future strategies. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and MyD88 knockout (KO) mice were exposed intranasally to ODE or saline daily for 3 weeks (repetitive exposure). Repetitively exposed animals were also subsequently rested with no treatments for 4 weeks followed by single rechallenge with saline/ODE. RESULTS Repetitive ODE exposure induced neutrophil influx and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were profoundly reduced in MyD88 KO mice. In comparison, ODE-induced cellular aggregates, B cells, mast cell infiltrates and serum IgE levels remained elevated in KO mice and mucous cell metaplasia was increased. Expression of ODE-induced tight junction protein(s) was also MyD88-dependent. Following recovery and then rechallenge with ODE, inflammatory mediators, but not neutrophil influx, was reduced in WT mice pretreated with ODE coincident with increased expression of IL-33 and IL-10, suggesting an adaptation response. Repetitively exposed MyD88 KO mice lacked inflammatory responsiveness upon ODE rechallenge. CONCLUSIONS MyD88 is essential in mediating the classic airway inflammatory response to repetitive ODE, but targeting MyD88 does not reduce mucous cell metaplasia, lymphocyte influx, or IgE responsiveness. TLR-enriched dust exposures induce a prolonged adaptation response that is largely MyD88-independent. These findings demonstrate the complex role of MyD88-dependent signaling during acute vs. chronic organic dust exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Johnson
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA
| | - Jack R. Harkema
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA
| | - John D. Dickinson
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA
| | - Julianna Kalil
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA ,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA ,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA
| | - Sarah C. Glover
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Ying Tang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA ,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Jill A. Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5990 USA
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14
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Poole JA, Nordgren TM, Heires AJ, Nelson AJ, Katafiasz D, Bailey KL, Romberger DJ. Amphiregulin modulates murine lung recovery and fibroblast function following exposure to agriculture organic dust. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L180-L191. [PMID: 31693392 PMCID: PMC6985879 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to agricultural bioaerosols can lead to chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Amphiregulin (AREG) can promote the lung repair process but can also lead to fibrotic remodeling. The objective of this study was to determine the role of AREG in altering recovery from environmental dust exposure in a murine in vivo model and in vitro using cultured human and murine lung fibroblasts. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally exposed to swine confinement facility dust extract (DE) or saline daily for 1 wk or allowed to recover for 3-7 days while being treated with an AREG-neutralizing antibody or recombinant AREG. Treatment with the anti-AREG antibody prevented resolution of DE exposure-induced airway influx of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL1. Neutrophils and activated macrophages (CD11c+CD11bhi) persisted after recovery in lung tissues of anti-AREG-treated mice. In murine and human lung fibroblasts, DE induced the release of AREG and inflammatory cytokines. Fibroblast recellularization of primary human lung mesenchymal matrix scaffolds and wound closure was inhibited by DE and enhanced with recombinant AREG alone. AREG treatment rescued the DE-induced inhibitory fibroblast effects. AREG intranasal treatment for 3 days during recovery phase reduced repetitive DE-induced airway inflammatory cell influx and cytokine release. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that inhibition of AREG reduced, whereas AREG supplementation promoted, the airway inflammatory recovery response following environmental bioaerosol exposure, and AREG enhanced fibroblast function, suggesting that AREG could be targeted in agricultural workers repetitively exposed to organic dust environments to potentially prevent and/or reduce disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dawn Katafiasz
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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15
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Kozachuk MS, Sham TK, Martin RR, Nelson AJ, Coulthard I. Eyeing the past: synchrotron µ-XANES and XRF imaging of tarnish distribution on 19th century daguerreotypes. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1679-1686. [PMID: 31490159 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre introduced the first successful photographic process, the daguerreotype, in 1839. Tarnished regions on daguerreotypes supplied by the National Gallery of Canada were examined using scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron-radiation analysis. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging visualized the distribution of sulfur and chlorine, two primary tarnish contributors, and showed that they were associated with the distribution of image particles on the surface. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy determined the tarnish to be primarily composed of AgCl and Ag2S. Au2S, Au2SO4, HAuCl4 and HgSO4 were also observed to be minor contributors. Environmental contamination may be a source of these degradation compounds. Implications of these findings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kozachuk
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - T K Sham
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - R R Martin
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - A J Nelson
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - I Coulthard
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
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16
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Poole JA, Thiele GM, Janike K, Nelson AJ, Duryee MJ, Rentfro K, England BR, Romberger DJ, Carrington JM, Wang D, Swanson BJ, Klassen LW, Mikuls TR. Combined Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Organic Dust-Induced Airway Inflammation to Model Inflammatory Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1733-1743. [PMID: 30995344 PMCID: PMC6744331 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by extra-articular involvement including lung disease, yet the mechanisms linking the two conditions are poorly understood. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was combined with the organic dust extract (ODE) airway inflammatory model to assess bone/joint-lung inflammatory outcomes. DBA/1J mice were intranasally treated with saline or ODE daily for 5 weeks. CIA was induced on days 1 and 21. Treatment groups included sham (saline injection/saline inhalation), CIA (CIA/saline), ODE (saline/ODE), and CIA + ODE (CIA/ODE). Arthritis inflammatory scores, bones, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues, and serum were assessed. In DBA/1J male mice, arthritis was increased in CIA + ODE > CIA > ODE versus sham. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) demonstrated that loss of BMD and volume and deterioration of bone microarchitecture was greatest in CIA + ODE. However, ODE-induced airway neutrophil influx and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels in lavage fluids were increased in ODE > CIA + ODE versus sham. Activated lung CD11c+ CD11b+ macrophages were increased in ODE > CIA + ODE > CIA pattern, whereas lung hyaluronan, fibronectin, and amphiregulin levels were greatest in CIA + ODE. Serum autoantibody and inflammatory marker concentrations varied among experimental groups. Compared with male mice, female mice showed less articular and pulmonary disease. The interaction of inhalation-induced airway inflammation and arthritis induction resulted in compartmentalized responses with the greatest degree of arthritis and bone loss in male mice with combined exposures. Data also support suppression of the lung inflammatory response, but increases in extracellular matrix protein deposition/interstitial disease in the setting of arthritis. This coexposure model could be exploited to better understand and treat RA-lung disease. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, UNMC
| | - Katherine Janike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, UNMC
| | - Kathryn Rentfro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
| | - Bryant R. England
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, UNMC
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE
| | - Joseph M. Carrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
| | | | | | - Lynell W. Klassen
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, UNMC
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, UNMC
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Warren KJ, Dickinson JD, Nelson AJ, Wyatt TA, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice have altered airway inflammation to agriculture organic dust. Respir Res 2019; 20:51. [PMID: 30845921 PMCID: PMC6407255 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture exposures are associated with reducing the risk of allergy and asthma in early life; yet, repeated exposures later in life are associated with chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonary diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the airway inflammatory response to organic dust extract (ODE) in mice with established ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental asthma. C57BL/6 mice were either OVA sensitized/aerosol-exposed or saline (Sal) sensitized/aerosol-challenged. Both groups were then subsequently challenged once with intranasal saline or swine confinement ODE to obtain 4 treatment groups of Sal-Sal, Sal-ODE, OVA-Sal, and OVA-ODE. Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to methacholine, bronchiolar lavage fluid, lung tissues, and serum were collected. Intranasal inhalation of ODE in OVA-treated (asthmatic) mice (OVA-ODE) increased AHR and total cellular influx marked by elevated neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that populations of CD11chi dendritic cells (DC), CD3+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and NKp46+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) were increased in lavage fluid of OVA-ODE mice as compared to ODE or OVA alone. Alveolar macrophages, DC, and T cells were significantly increased with co-exposure to OVA-ODE as compared to OVA alone. Lung ILC2 and ILC3 were only increased in OVA-Sal mice. Cytokine/chemokine levels varied with exposure to OVA-ODE reflecting an additive mixture of the pro- and allergic-inflammatory profiles. Collectively, ODE increased airway inflammatory cells and chemotactic mediator release in allergic (OVA) sensitized mice to suggest that persons with allergy/asthma be identified and warned prior to the occupational exposure of potentially worsening airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J. Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910 USA
| | - John D. Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910 USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910 USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910 USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105 USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910 USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105 USA
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910 USA
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Dickinson JD, Sweeter JM, Staab EB, Nelson AJ, Bailey KL, Warren KJ, Jaramillo AM, Dickey BF, Poole JA. MyD88 controls airway epithelial Muc5ac expression during TLR activation conditions from agricultural organic dust exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L334-L347. [PMID: 30358438 PMCID: PMC6397350 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00206.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation from airborne microbes can overwhelm compensatory mucociliary clearance mechanisms, leading to mucous cell metaplasia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling is central to pathogen responses. We have previously shown that agricultural organic dust extract (ODE), with abundant microbial component diversity, activates TLR-induced airway inflammation. With the use of an established model, C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and global MyD88 knockout (KO) mice were treated with intranasal inhalation of ODE or saline, daily for 1 wk. ODE primarily increased mucin (Muc)5ac levels relative to Muc5b. Compared with ODE-challenged WT mice, ODE-challenged, MyD88-deficient mice demonstrated significantly increased Muc5ac immunostaining, protein levels by immunoblot, and expression by quantitative PCR. The enhanced Muc5ac levels in MyD88-deficient mice were not explained by differences in the differentiation program of airway secretory cells in naïve mice. Increased Muc5ac levels in MyD88-deficient mice were also not explained by augmented inflammation, IL-17A, or neutrophil elastase levels. Furthermore, the enhanced airway mucins in the MyD88-deficient mice were not due to defective secretion, as the mucin secretory capacity of MyD88-KO mice remained intact. Finally, ODE-induced Muc5ac levels were enhanced in MyD88-deficient airway epithelial cells in vitro. In conclusion, MyD88 deficiency enhances airway mucous cell metaplasia under environments with high TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth B Staab
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ana Maria Jaramillo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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Nelson AJ, Roy SK, Warren K, Janike K, Thiele GM, Mikuls TR, Romberger DJ, Wang D, Swanson B, Poole JA. Sex differences impact the lung-bone inflammatory response to repetitive inhalant lipopolysaccharide exposures in mice. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 15:73-81. [PMID: 29648480 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2018.1460425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal health consequences associated with inflammatory diseases of the airways significantly contribute to morbidity. Sex differences have been described independently for lung and bone diseases. Repetitive inhalant exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces bone loss and deterioration in male mice, but comparison effects in females are unknown. Using an intranasal inhalation exposure model, 8-week-old C57BL/6 male and female mice were treated daily with LPS (100 ng) or saline for 3 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, lung tissues, tibias, bone marrow cells, and blood were collected. LPS-induced airway neutrophil influx, interleukin (IL)-6 and neutrophil chemoattractant levels, and bronchiolar inflammation were exaggerated in male animals as compared to female mice. Trabecular bone micro-CT imaging and analysis of the proximal tibia were conducted. Inhalant LPS exposures lead to deterioration of bone quality only in male mice (not females) marked by decreased bone mineral density, bone volume/tissue volume ratio, trabecular thickness and number, and increased bone surface-to-bone volume ratio. Serum pentraxin-2 levels were modulated by sex differences and LPS exposure. In proof-of-concept studies, ovarectomized female mice demonstrated LPS-induced bone deterioration, and estradiol supplementation of ovarectomized female mice and control male mice protected against LPS-induced bone deterioration findings. Collectively, sex-specific differences exist in LPS-induced airway inflammatory consequences with significant differences found in bone quantity and quality parameters. Male mice demonstrated susceptibility to bone loss and female animals were protected, which was modulated by estrogen. Therefore, sex differences influence the biologic response in the lung-bone inflammatory axis in response to inhalant LPS exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Nelson
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Shyamal K Roy
- b Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Kristi Warren
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Katherine Janike
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,c Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- c Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,d Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- c Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,d Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,d Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Dong Wang
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Benjamin Swanson
- f Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Jill A Poole
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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20
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Poole JA, Mikuls TR, Duryee MJ, Warren KJ, Wyatt TA, Nelson AJ, Romberger DJ, West WW, Thiele GM. A role for B cells in organic dust induced lung inflammation. Respir Res 2017; 18:214. [PMID: 29273051 PMCID: PMC5741951 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture organic dust exposures induce lung disease with lymphoid aggregates comprised of both T and B cells. The precise role of B cells in mediating lung inflammation is unknown, yet might be relevant given the emerging role of B cells in obstructive pulmonary disease and associated autoimmunity. METHODS Using an established animal model, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and B-cell receptor (BCR) knock-out (KO) mice were repetitively treated with intranasal inhalation of swine confinement organic dust extract (ODE) daily for 3 weeks and lavage fluid, lung tissues, and serum were collected. RESULTS ODE-induced neutrophil influx in lavage fluid was not reduced in BCR KO animals, but there was reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1, and CXCL2 release. ODE-induced lymphoid aggregates failed to develop in BCR KO mice. There was a decrease in ODE-induced lung tissue CD11c+CD11b+ exudative macrophages and compensatory increase in CD8+ T cells in lavage fluid of BCR KO animals. Compared to saline, there was an expansion of conventional B2-, innate B1 (CD19+CD11b+CD5+/-)-, and memory (CD19+CD273+/-CD73+/-) B cells following ODE exposure in WT mice. Autoreactive responses including serum IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) autoantibodies were increased in ODE treated WT mice as compared to saline control. B cells and serum immunoglobulins were not detected in BCR KO animals. CONCLUSIONS Lung tissue staining for citrullinated and MAA modified proteins were increased in ODE-treated WT animals, but not BCR KO mice. These studies show that agriculture organic dust induced lung inflammation is dependent upon B cells, and dust exposure induces an autoreactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William W West
- Pathology and Microbiology Department, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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Ikari J, Nelson AJ, Obaid J, Giron-Martinez A, Ikari K, Makino F, Iwasawa S, Gunji Y, Farid M, Wang X, Basma H, Demeo D, Feghali-Bostwick C, Holz O, Rabe K, Liu X, Rennard SI. Reduced microRNA-503 expression augments lung fibroblast VEGF production in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184039. [PMID: 28880936 PMCID: PMC5589164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression may contribute to COPD pathogenesis. In COPD, lung fibroblast repair functions are altered in multiple ways, including extracellular mediator release. Our prior study revealed miR-503 expression is decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts, although the exact role played by miR-503 is undetermined. The current study examined a role of miR-503 in cytokine, growth factor and fibronectin production by lung fibroblasts from patients with and without COPD. Primary adult lung fibroblasts were isolated from patients with or without COPD. MiR-503 expression and interleukin (IL)-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, VEGF and fibronectin release were examined with or without inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. MiR-503 expression was decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts. The expression of miR-503 was positively correlated with %FVC, %FEV1, and %DLco as well as IL-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, and VEGF in the absence or presence of IL-1ß/TNF-α. In addition, IL-8 and VEGF release from COPD lung fibroblasts were increased compared to those from control. Exogenous miR-503 inhibited VEGF release from primary adult and fetal lung fibroblasts but not IL-8 release. As expected, COPD fibroblasts proliferated more slowly than control fibroblasts. MiR-503 did not affect proliferation of either control or COPD lung fibroblasts. MiR-503 inhibition of VEGF protein production and mRNA was mediated by direct binding to the 3' untranslated region of VEGF mRNA. Endogenous miR-503 was differently regulated by exogenous stimulants associated with COPD pathogenesis, including IL-1ß/TNF-α, TGF-ß1 and PGE2. Endogenous miR-503 inhibition augmented VEGF release by IL-1ß/TNF-α and TGF-ß1 but not by PGE2, demonstrating selectivity of miR-503 regulation of VEGF. In conclusions, reduced miR-503 augments VEGF release from lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD. Since VEGF contributes to disturbed vasculature in COPD, altered miR-503 production might play a role in modulating fibroblast-mediated vascular homeostasis in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ikari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jannah Obaid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Giron-Martinez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kumiko Ikari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Fumihiko Makino
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shunichiro Iwasawa
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yoko Gunji
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maha Farid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Hesham Basma
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dawn Demeo
- Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL, BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Stephen I. Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Warren KJ, Sweeter JM, Pavlik JA, Nelson AJ, Devasure JM, Dickinson JD, Sisson JH, Wyatt TA, Poole JA. Sex differences in activation of lung-related type 2 innate lymphoid cells in experimental asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 118:233-234. [PMID: 28017508 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jacqueline A Pavlik
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jane M Devasure
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - John D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joseph H Sisson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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Asmussen MJ, Bailey AZ, Nelson AJ. Cortical and corticospinal output modulations during reaching movements with varying directions and magnitudes of interaction torques. Neuroscience 2015; 311:268-83. [PMID: 26525892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The neural command required to coordinate a multi-joint movement is inherently complex. During multi-joint movement of the limb, the force created from movement at one joint may create a torque at a second joint known as an interaction torque. Interaction torques may be assistive or resistive thereby aiding or opposing the motion of the second joint, respectively. For movement to be effectively controlled, the central nervous system should modulate neural output to the muscles to appropriately account for interaction torques. The present study examined the neural output from the primary motor cortex before and during reaching movements that required different combinations of assistive and resistive interaction torques occurring at the shoulder and elbow joints. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe neural output from the primary motor cortex, results indicate that corticospinal output controlling the upper arm is related to resistive interaction torques occurring at the shoulder joint. Further, cortical output to bi-articular muscles is associated with interaction torque and this may be driven by the fact that these muscles are in an advantageous position to control torques produced between inter-connection segments. Humans have a tendency to avoid reaching movements that involve resistive interaction torques and this may be driven by the requirement of increased neural output associated with these movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Asmussen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - A Z Bailey
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - A J Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada.
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24
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Crowhurst JC, Jeffries JR, Åberg D, Zaug JM, Dai ZR, Siekhaus WJ, Teslich NE, Holliday KS, Knight KB, Nelson AJ, Hutcheon ID. A combined theoretical and experimental investigation of uranium dioxide under high static pressure. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:265401. [PMID: 26053594 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/26/265401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the behavior of uranium dioxide (UO2) under high static pressure using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques. We have made Raman spectroscopic measurements up to 87 GPa, electrical transport measurements up to 50 GPa from 10 K to room temperature, and optical transmission measurements up to 28 GPa. We have also carried out theoretical calculations within the GGA + U framework. We find that Raman frequencies match to a large extent, theoretical predictions for the cotunnite (Pnma) structure above 30 GPa, but at higher pressures some behavior is not captured theoretically. The Raman measurements also imply that the low-pressure fluorite phase coexists with the cotunnite phase up to high pressures, consistent with earlier reports. Electrical transport measurements show that the resistivity decreases by more than six orders of magnitude with increasing pressure up to 50 GPa but that the material never adopts archetypal metallic behavior. Optical transmission spectra show that while UO2 becomes increasingly opaque with increasing pressure, a likely direct optical band gap of more than 1 eV exists up to at least 28 GPa. Together with the electrical transport measurements, we conclude that the high pressure electrical conductivity of UO2 is mediated by variable-range hopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Crowhurst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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25
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Styron JD, Cooper GW, Ruiz CL, Hahn KD, Chandler GA, Nelson AJ, Torres JA, McWatters BR, Carpenter K, Bonura MA. Predicting the sensitivity of the beryllium/scintillator layer neutron detector using Monte Carlo and experimental response functions. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E617. [PMID: 25430363 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for obtaining empirical curves relating absolute measured scintillation light output to beta energy deposited is presented. Output signals were measured from thin plastic scintillator using NIST traceable beta and gamma sources and MCNP5 was used to model the energy deposition from each source. Combining the experimental and calculated results gives the desired empirical relationships. To validate, the sensitivity of a beryllium/scintillator-layer neutron activation detector was predicted and then exposed to a known neutron fluence from a Deuterium-Deuterium fusion plasma (DD). The predicted and the measured sensitivity were in statistical agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Styron
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - G W Cooper
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G A Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A J Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J A Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - B R McWatters
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Ken Carpenter
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - M A Bonura
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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26
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Bonura MA, Ruiz CL, Fehl DL, Cooper GW, Chandler G, Hahn KD, Nelson AJ, Styron JD, Torres JA. A technique for verifying the input response function of neutron time-of-flight scintillation detectors using cosmic rays. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D633. [PMID: 25430209 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An accurate interpretation of DD or DT fusion neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) signals from current mode detectors employed at the Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratories requires that the instrument response functions (IRF's) be deconvolved from the measured nTOF signals. A calibration facility that produces detectable sub-ns radiation pulses is typically used to measure the IRF of such detectors. This work, however, reports on a simple method that utilizes cosmic radiation to measure the IRF of nTOF detectors, operated in pulse-counting mode. The characterizing metrics reported here are the throughput delay and full-width-at-half-maximum. This simple approach yields consistent IRF results with the same detectors calibrated in 2007 at a LINAC bremsstrahlung accelerator (Idaho State University). In particular, the IRF metrics from these two approaches and their dependence on the photomultipliers bias agree to within a few per cent. This information may thus be used to verify if the IRF for a given nTOF detector employed at Z has changed since its original current-mode calibration and warrants re-measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bonura
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, USA
| | - D L Fehl
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, USA
| | - G W Cooper
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - G Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, USA
| | - A J Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - J D Styron
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - J A Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, USA
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Hahn KD, Cooper GW, Ruiz CL, Fehl DL, Chandler GA, Knapp PF, Leeper RJ, Nelson AJ, Smelser RM, Torres JA. Fusion-neutron-yield, activation measurements at the Z accelerator: design, analysis, and sensitivity. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:043507. [PMID: 24784607 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a general methodology to determine the diagnostic sensitivity that is directly applicable to neutron-activation diagnostics fielded on a wide variety of neutron-producing experiments, which include inertial-confinement fusion (ICF), dense plasma focus, and ion beam-driven concepts. This approach includes a combination of several effects: (1) non-isotropic neutron emission; (2) the 1/r(2) decrease in neutron fluence in the activation material; (3) the spatially distributed neutron scattering, attenuation, and energy losses due to the fielding environment and activation material itself; and (4) temporally varying neutron emission. As an example, we describe the copper-activation diagnostic used to measure secondary deuterium-tritium fusion-neutron yields on ICF experiments conducted on the pulsed-power Z Accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories. Using this methodology along with results from absolute calibrations and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that for the diagnostic configuration on Z, the diagnostic sensitivity is 0.037% ± 17% counts/neutron per cm(2) and is ∼ 40% less sensitive than it would be in an ideal geometry due to neutron attenuation, scattering, and energy-loss effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hahn
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G W Cooper
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D L Fehl
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G A Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P F Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratories, Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - R M Smelser
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J A Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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Ikari J, Michalski JM, Iwasawa S, Gunji Y, Nogel S, Park JH, Nelson AJ, Farid M, Wang X, Schulte N, Basma H, Toews ML, Feghali-Bostwick C, Tenor H, Liu X, Rennard SI. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition augments human lung fibroblast vascular endothelial growth factor production induced by prostaglandin E2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:571-81. [PMID: 23656623 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0004oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts are believed to be a major source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which supports the survival of lung endothelial cells and modulates the maintenance of the pulmonary microvasculature. VEGF has been related to the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates VEGF production from lung fibroblasts via the E-prostanoid (EP)-2 receptor. The EP2 signaling pathway uses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger, and cAMP is degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This study investigates whether phosphodiesterase inhibition modulates the human lung fibroblast VEGF production induced by PGE2. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured with PGE2 and PDE inhibitors. The PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast, roflumilast N-oxide, and rolipram with PGE2 increased VEGF release, as quantified in supernatant media by ELISA. In contrast, PDE3, PDE5, and PDE7 inhibitors did not affect VEGF release. Roflumilast increased VEGF release with either an EP2 or an EP4 agonist. Roflumilast augmented the cytosolic cAMP levels induced by PGE2 and VEGF release with other agents that use the cAMP signaling pathway. Roflumilast-augmented VEGF release was completely inhibited by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Roflumilast with PGE2 increased VEGF mRNA levels, and the blockade of mRNA synthesis inhibited the augmented VEGF release. The stimulatory effect of roflumilast on VEGF release was replicated using primary healthy and COPD lung fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate that PDE4 inhibition can modulate human lung fibroblast VEGF release by PGE2 acting through the EP2 and EP4 receptor-cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Through this action, PDE4 inhibitors such as roflumilast could contribute to the survival of lung endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ikari
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, and
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29
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Abstract
Resolution describes the smallest details within a sample that can be recovered by a microscope lens system. For optical microscopes detecting visible light, diffraction limits the resolution to ∼200-250 nm. In contrast, localization measures the position of an isolated object using its image. Single fluorescent molecules can be localized with an uncertainty of a few tens of nanometres, and in some cases less than one nanometre. Superresolution fluorescence localization microscopy (SRFLM) images and localizes fluorescent molecules in a sample. By controlling the visibility of the fluorescent molecules with light, it is possible to cause a sparse subset of the tags to fluoresce and be spatially separated from each other. A movie is acquired with a camera, capturing images of many sets of visible fluorescent tags over a period of time. The movie is then analysed by a computer whereby all of the single molecules are independently measured, and their positions are recorded. When the coordinates of a sufficient number of molecules are collected, an image can be rendered by plotting the coordinates of the localized molecules. The spatial resolution of these rendered images can be better than 20 nm, roughly an order of magnitude better than the diffraction limited resolution. The invention of SRFLM has led to an explosion of related techniques. Through the use of specialized optics, the fluorescent signal can be split into multiple detection channels. These channels can capture additional information such as colour (emission wavelength), orientation and three-dimensional position of the detected molecules. Measurement of the colour of the detected fluorescence can allow researchers to distinguish multiple types of fluorescent tags and to study the interaction between multiple molecules of interest. Three-dimensional imaging and determination of molecular orientations offer insight into structural organization of the sample. SRFLM is compatible with living samples and has helped to illuminate many dynamic biological processes, such as the trajectories of molecules within living cells. This review discusses the concept and process of SRFLM imaging and investigates recent advances in SRFLM functionality. Since its announcement in 2006, SRFLM has been quickly adopted and modified by many researchers to help investigate questions whose answers lie below the diffraction limit. The versatility of the SRFLM technique has great promise for improving our understanding of cell biology at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Molecular Biophysics, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, U.S.A
| | - S T Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Molecular Biophysics, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, U.S.A
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30
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Richardson JD, Bertaso AG, Frost L, Psaltis PJ, Carbone A, Koschade B, Wong DT, Nelson AJ, Paton S, Williams K, Azarisman S, Worthley MI, Teo KS, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW, Worthley SG. Cardiac magnetic resonance, transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography: a comparison of in vivo assessment of ventricular function in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47:291-300. [PMID: 23836849 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213494373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo assessment of ventricular function in rodents has largely been restricted to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However 1.5 T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) have emerged as possible alternatives. Yet, to date, no study has systematically assessed these three imaging modalities in determining ejection fraction (EF) in rats. Twenty rats underwent imaging four weeks after surgically-induced myocardial infarction. CMR was performed on a 1.5 T scanner, TTE was conducted using a 9.2 MHz transducer and TOE was performed with a 10 MHz intracardiac echo catheter. Correlation between the three techniques for EF determination and analysis reproducibility was assessed. Moderate-strong correlation was observed between the three modalities; the greatest between CMR and TOE (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.89), followed by TOE and TTE (ICC = 0.70) and CMR and TTE (ICC = 0.63). Intra- and inter-observer variations were excellent with CMR (ICC = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively), very good with TTE (0.90 and 0.89) and TOE (0.87 and 0.84). Each modality is a viable option for evaluating ventricular function in rats, however the high image quality and excellent reproducibility of CMR offers distinct advantages even at 1.5 T with conventional coils and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Farid M, Kanaji N, Nakanishi M, Gunji Y, Michalski J, Iwasawa S, Ikari J, Wang X, Basma H, Nelson AJ, Liu X, Rennard SI. Smad3 mediates cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induction of VEGF release by human fetal lung fibroblasts. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:126-34. [PMID: 23618901 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the major regulators of endothelial cell survival and is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Fibroblasts are a significant source of VEGF in the lungs; however the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on VEGF release by fibroblasts is not fully understood. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke-induced disturbed VEGF release by human lung fibroblasts is a potential pathogenic mechanism that could contribute to COPD. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared by modification of the methods of Carp and Janoff (American Review of Respiratory Disease, 1978). Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were exposed to different concentrations of CSE and for different durations. VEGF release into the media was measured using ELISA. TGF-β1 receptor (TβR1)/Smad3 as a potential pathway for CSE modulated VEGF release was also investigated using biochemical analyses and siRNA inhibition of Smad3 and siRNA and pharmacologic inhibition of TβR1. CSE induced VEGF release by HFL-1 in concentration and time dependent manner. This was confirmed in two additional types of primary human fetal lung fibroblasts. CSE induced Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in HFL-1 cells. Silencing of Smad3 by siRNA not only eliminated the stimulatory effect of CSE on VEGF release but also inhibited baseline VEGF production. Suppression of TβR1 by the pharmacological inhibitor (SB431542) markedly reduced VEGF release by HFL-1 in response to CSE and this effect was confirmed by TβR1 siRNA. In contrast, nicotine inhibited VEGF release by HFL-1 in a dose and time dependent manner. Our findings indicate that CSE stimulates Smad3-mediated VEGF release by lung fibroblasts. Nicotine does not account for the CSE stimulation of VEGF in HFL-1. The ability of lung fibroblasts to produce VEGF may play a role in pathogenesis of cigarette smoke induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Farid
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Duncan RF, Dundon BK, Nelson AJ, Williams K, Carbone A, Worthley MI, Zaman A, Worthley SG. 1029“MRI phase-encoded tissue velocity mapping for the
non-invasive estimation of left ventricular diastolic filling pressure: A
MRI-cardiac catheterisation comparison study”. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet070ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ruiz CL, Chandler GA, Cooper GW, Fehl DL, Hahn KD, Leeper RJ, McWatters BR, Nelson AJ, Smelser RM, Snow CS, Torres JA. Progress in obtaining an absolute calibration of a total deuterium-tritium neutron yield diagnostic based on copper activation. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D913. [PMID: 23126916 DOI: 10.1063/1.4729495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The 350-keV Cockroft-Walton accelerator at Sandia National laboratory's Ion Beam facility is being used to calibrate absolutely a total DT neutron yield diagnostic based on the (63)Cu(n,2n)(62)Cu(β+) reaction. These investigations have led to first-order uncertainties approaching 5% or better. The experiments employ the associated-particle technique. Deuterons at 175 keV impinge a 2.6 μm thick erbium tritide target producing 14.1 MeV neutrons from the T(d,n)(4)He reaction. The alpha particles emitted are measured at two angles relative to the beam direction and used to infer the neutron flux on a copper sample. The induced (62)Cu activity is then measured and related to the neutron flux. This method is known as the F-factor technique. Description of the associated-particle method, copper sample geometries employed, and the present estimates of the uncertainties to the F-factor obtained are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
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Gatu Johnson M, Frenje JA, Casey DT, Li CK, Séguin FH, Petrasso R, Ashabranner R, Bionta RM, Bleuel DL, Bond EJ, Caggiano JA, Carpenter A, Cerjan CJ, Clancy TJ, Doeppner T, Eckart MJ, Edwards MJ, Friedrich S, Glenzer SH, Haan SW, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett SP, Jones OS, Kyrala G, Le Pape S, Lerche RA, Landen OL, Ma T, MacKinnon AJ, McKernan MA, Moran MJ, Moses E, Munro DH, McNaney J, Park HS, Ralph J, Remington B, Rygg JR, Sepke SM, Smalyuk V, Spears B, Springer PT, Yeamans CB, Farrell M, Jasion D, Kilkenny JD, Nikroo A, Paguio R, Knauer JP, Glebov VY, Sangster TC, Betti R, Stoeckl C, Magoon J, Shoup MJ, Grim GP, Kline J, Morgan GL, Murphy TJ, Leeper RJ, Ruiz CL, Cooper GW, Nelson AJ. Neutron spectrometry--an essential tool for diagnosing implosions at the National Ignition Facility (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D308. [PMID: 23126835 DOI: 10.1063/1.4728095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
DT neutron yield (Y(n)), ion temperature (T(i)), and down-scatter ratio (dsr) determined from measured neutron spectra are essential metrics for diagnosing the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). A suite of neutron-time-of-flight (nTOF) spectrometers and a magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRS) have been implemented in different locations around the NIF target chamber, providing good implosion coverage and the complementarity required for reliable measurements of Y(n), T(i), and dsr. From the measured dsr value, an areal density (ρR) is determined through the relationship ρR(tot) (g∕cm(2)) = (20.4 ± 0.6) × dsr(10-12 MeV). The proportionality constant is determined considering implosion geometry, neutron attenuation, and energy range used for the dsr measurement. To ensure high accuracy in the measurements, a series of commissioning experiments using exploding pushers have been used for in situ calibration of the as-built spectrometers, which are now performing to the required accuracy. Recent data obtained with the MRS and nTOFs indicate that the implosion performance of cryogenically layered DT implosions, characterized by the experimental ignition threshold factor (ITFx), which is a function of dsr (or fuel ρR) and Y(n), has improved almost two orders of magnitude since the first shot in September, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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35
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Nelson AJ, Ruiz CL, Cooper GW, Chandler GA, Fehl DL, Hahn KD, Leeper RJ, Smelser R, Torres JA. A novel method for modeling the neutron time of flight detector response in current mode to inertial confinement fusion experiments (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D915. [PMID: 23126918 DOI: 10.1063/1.4742140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for modeling the neutron time of flight (nTOF) detector response in current mode for inertial confinement fusion experiments has been applied to the on-axis nTOF detectors located in the basement of the Z-Facility. It will be shown that this method can identify sources of neutron scattering, and is useful for predicting detector responses in future experimental configurations, and for identifying potential sources of neutron scattering when experimental set-ups change. This method can also provide insight on how much broadening neutron scattering contributes to the primary signals, which is then subtracted from them. Detector time responses are deconvolved from the signals, allowing a transformation from dN/dt to dN/dE, extracting neutron spectra at each detector location; these spectra are proportional to the absolute yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA.
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36
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Cooper GW, Ruiz CL, Leeper RJ, Chandler GA, Hahn KD, Nelson AJ, Torres JA, Smelser RM, McWatters BR, Bleuel DL, Yeamans CB, Knittel KM, Casey DT, Frenje JA, Gatu Johnson M, Petrasso RD, Styron JD. Copper activation deuterium-tritium neutron yield measurements at the National Ignition Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D918. [PMID: 23126920 DOI: 10.1063/1.4746999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A DT neutron yield diagnostic based on the reactions, (63)Cu(n,2n)(62)Cu(β(+)) and (65)Cu(n,2n)( 64) Cu(β(+)), has been fielded at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The induced copper activity is measured using a NaI γ-γ coincidence system. Uncertainties in the 14-MeV DT yield measurements are on the order of 7% to 8%. In addition to measuring yield, the ratio of activities induced in two, well-separated copper samples are used to measure the relative anisotropy of the fuel ρR to uncertainties as low as 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Cooper
- Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA.
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Casey DT, Frenje JA, Gatu Johnson M, Séguin FH, Li CK, Petrasso RD, Glebov VY, Katz J, Knauer JP, Meyerhofer DD, Sangster TC, Bionta RM, Bleuel DL, Döppner T, Glenzer S, Hartouni E, Hatchett SP, Le Pape S, Ma T, MacKinnon A, McKernan MA, Moran M, Moses E, Park HS, Ralph J, Remington BA, Smalyuk V, Yeamans CB, Kline J, Kyrala G, Chandler GA, Leeper RJ, Ruiz CL, Cooper GW, Nelson AJ, Fletcher K, Kilkenny J, Farrell M, Jasion D, Paguio R. Measuring the absolute deuterium-tritium neutron yield using the magnetic recoil spectrometer at OMEGA and the NIF. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D912. [PMID: 23126915 DOI: 10.1063/1.4738657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRS) has been installed and extensively used on OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility (NIF) for measurements of the absolute neutron spectrum from inertial confinement fusion implosions. From the neutron spectrum measured with the MRS, many critical implosion parameters are determined including the primary DT neutron yield, the ion temperature, and the down-scattered neutron yield. As the MRS detection efficiency is determined from first principles, the absolute DT neutron yield is obtained without cross-calibration to other techniques. The MRS primary DT neutron measurements at OMEGA and the NIF are shown to be in excellent agreement with previously established yield diagnostics on OMEGA, and with the newly commissioned nuclear activation diagnostics on the NIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Casey
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Hahn KD, Ruiz CL, Cooper GW, Nelson AJ, Chandler GA, Leeper RJ, McWatters BR, Smelser RM, Torres JA. Calibration of neutron-yield diagnostics in attenuating and scattering environments. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D914. [PMID: 23126917 DOI: 10.1063/1.4732067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have performed absolute calibrations of a fusion-neutron-yield copper-activation diagnostic in environments that significantly attenuate and scatter neutrons. We have measured attenuation and scattering effects and have compared the measurements to Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code. We find that measurements and simulations are consistent within 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hahn
- Sandia National Laboratories, Diagnostics and Target Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, USA.
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39
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Nakanishi M, Sato T, Li Y, Nelson AJ, Farid M, Michalski J, Kanaji N, Wang X, Basma H, Patil A, Goraya J, Liu X, Togo S, L Toews M, Holz O, Muller KC, Magnussen H, Rennard SI. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor through the E-prostanoid-2 receptor in cultured human lung fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:217-23. [PMID: 22298530 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0115oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the major mesenchymal cells present within the interstitium of the lung and are a major source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which modulates the maintenance of pulmonary microvasculature. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) acts on a set of E-prostanoid (EP) receptors that activate multiple signal transduction pathways leading to downstream responses. We investigated the modulation by PGE(2) of VEGF release by human lung fibroblasts. Human lung fibroblasts were cultured until reaching 90% confluence in tissue culture plates, after which the culture media were changed to serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, with or without PGE(2), and with specific agonists or antagonists for each EP receptor. After 2 days, culture media were assayed for VEGF by ELISA. The results demonstrated that PGE(2) and the EP2 agonist ONO-AE1-259-01 significantly stimulated the release of VEGF in a concentration-dependent manner. Agonists for other EP receptors did not stimulate the release of VEGF. The stimulatory effect of PGE(2) was blocked by the EP2 antagonist AH6809, but was not blocked by antagonists for other EP receptors. The protein kinase-A (PKA) inhibitor KT-5720 also blocked the stimulatory effect of PGE(2). The increased release of VEGF induced by PGE(2) was accompanied by a transient increase in the concentration of VEGF mRNA. These findings demonstrate that PGE(2) can modulate the release of VEGF by human lung fibroblasts through its actions in the EP2 receptor/PKA pathway. This activity may contribute to the maintenance of pulmonary microvasculature in the alveolar wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nakanishi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA.
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40
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Rai N, Premji A, Tommerdahl M, Nelson AJ. Continuous theta-burst rTMS over primary somatosensory cortex modulates tactile perception on the hand. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:1226-33. [PMID: 22100859 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) over the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) alters cortical excitability, and in its intermittent form (iTBS) improves tactile spatial acuity. The effects of continuous TBS (cTBS) on tactile acuity remain unknown. The present study examined the influence of cTBS over SI on temporal and spatial tactile acuity on the contralateral hand. METHODS In separate experiments, temporal discrimination threshold (TDT) and spatial amplitude discrimination threshold (SDT) were obtained from the right hand before and for up to 34 min following real and sham cTBS (600 pulses) over left-hemisphere SI. RESULTS CTBS reduced temporal and spatial tactile acuity for up to 18 min following real cTBS. Tactile acuity was unaltered in the groups receiving sham cTBS. CONCLUSIONS CTBS over SI impairs both temporal and spatial domains of tactile acuity for a similar duration. SIGNIFICANCE CTBS over SI appears to decrease neural activity within targeted cortex and has potential utility in reducing excessive sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rai
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Richardson JD, Nelson AJ, Worthley SG, Teo KSL, Baillie T, Worthley MI. Multivessel coronary artery spasm. Heart Lung Circ 2011; 21:113-6. [PMID: 21852191 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronary spasm is increasingly recognised as an important aetiological mechanism causing myocardial ischaemia. Occasionally cases present with evidence of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, usually secondary to spasm confined to a solitary coronary artery. We present the rare and life-threatening case of severe coronary spasm afflicting all three major epicardial arteries simultaneously. It describes the difficult emergency scenario and ongoing management dilemmas encountered by physicians confronted with multivessel coronary spasm. Moreover we discuss the malignant prognosis associated with this ailment and describe the potential insights provided by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging that might identify those at greatest risk after the index event.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
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42
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Cho BI, Engelhorn K, Correa AA, Ogitsu T, Weber CP, Lee HJ, Feng J, Ni PA, Ping Y, Nelson AJ, Prendergast D, Lee RW, Falcone RW, Heimann PA. Electronic structure of warm dense copper studied by ultrafast x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:167601. [PMID: 21599412 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.167601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the unoccupied electronic density of states of warm dense copper that is produced isochorically through the absorption of an ultrafast optical pulse. The temperature of the superheated electron-hole plasma, which ranges from 4000 to 10 000 K, was determined by comparing the measured x-ray absorption spectrum with a simulation. The electronic structure of warm dense copper is adequately described with the high temperature electronic density of state calculated by the density functional theory. The dynamics of the electron temperature is consistent with a two-temperature model, while a temperature-dependent electron-phonon coupling parameter is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Cho
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Galtier E, Rosmej FB, Dzelzainis T, Riley D, Khattak FY, Heimann P, Lee RW, Nelson AJ, Vinko SM, Whitcher T, Wark JS, Tschentscher T, Toleikis S, Fäustlin RR, Sobierajski R, Jurek M, Juha L, Chalupsky J, Hajkova V, Kozlova M, Krzywinski J, Nagler B. Decay of cystalline order and equilibration during the solid-to-plasma transition induced by 20-fs microfocused 92-eV free-electron-laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:164801. [PMID: 21599370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied a solid-to-plasma transition by irradiating Al foils with the FLASH free electron laser at intensities up to 10(16) W/cm(2). Intense XUV self-emission shows spectral features that are consistent with emission from regions of high density, which go beyond single inner-shell photoionization of solids. Characteristic features of intrashell transitions allowed us to identify Auger heating of the electrons in the conduction band occurring immediately after the absorption of the XUV laser energy as the dominant mechanism. A simple model of a multicharge state inverse Auger effect is proposed to explain the target emission when the conduction band at solid density becomes more atomiclike as energy is transferred from the electrons to the ions. This allows one to determine, independent of plasma simulations, the electron temperature and density just after the decay of crystalline order and to characterize the early time evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galtier
- Sorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7605, LULI, Paris, France
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Pedersoli E, Capotondi F, Cocco D, Zangrando M, Kaulich B, Menk RH, Locatelli A, Mentes TO, Spezzani C, Sandrin G, Bacescu DM, Kiskinova M, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Schulz J, Gumprecht L, Chapman HN, Nelson AJ, Frank M, Pivovaroff MJ, Woods BW, Bogan MJ, Hajdu J. Multipurpose modular experimental station for the DiProI beamline of Fermi@Elettra free electron laser. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:043711. [PMID: 21529017 DOI: 10.1063/1.3582155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact modular apparatus with a flexible design that will be operated at the DiProI beamline of the Fermi@Elettra free electron laser (FEL) for performing static and time-resolved coherent diffraction imaging experiments, taking advantage of the full coherence and variable polarization of the short seeded FEL pulses. The apparatus has been assembled and the potential of the experimental setup is demonstrated by commissioning tests with coherent synchrotron radiation. This multipurpose experimental station will be open to general users after installation at the Fermi@Elettra free electron laser in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pedersoli
- Fermi, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Andreasson J, Iwan B, Andrejczuk A, Abreu E, Bergh M, Caleman C, Nelson AJ, Bajt S, Chalupsky J, Chapman HN, Fäustlin RR, Hajkova V, Heimann PA, Hjörvarsson B, Juha L, Klinger D, Krzywinski J, Nagler B, Pálsson GK, Singer W, Seibert MM, Sobierajski R, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, Vinko SM, Lee RW, Hajdu J, Tîmneanu N. Saturated ablation in metal hydrides and acceleration of protons and deuterons to keV energies with a soft-x-ray laser. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 83:016403. [PMID: 21405780 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.016403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies of materials under extreme conditions have relevance to a broad area of research, including planetary physics, fusion research, materials science, and structural biology with x-ray lasers. We study such extreme conditions and experimentally probe the interaction between ultrashort soft x-ray pulses and solid targets (metals and their deuterides) at the FLASH free-electron laser where power densities exceeding 10(17) W/cm(2) were reached. Time-of-flight ion spectrometry and crater analysis were used to characterize the interaction. The results show the onset of saturation in the ablation process at power densities above 10(16) W/cm(2). This effect can be linked to a transiently induced x-ray transparency in the solid by the femtosecond x-ray pulse at high power densities. The measured kinetic energies of protons and deuterons ejected from the surface reach several keV and concur with predictions from plasma-expansion models. Simulations of the interactions were performed with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium code with radiation transfer. These calculations return critical depths similar to the observed crater depths and capture the transient surface transparency at higher power densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andreasson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reduced cortical inhibition is a feature of focal hand dystonia and this likely contributes to excessive muscle contractions. Inhibition from the opposite hemisphere, known as interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), was studied bidirectionally in 7 right-handed patients with writer's cramp (WC) and age-matched healthy controls in a cross-sectional physiologic study. METHODS IHI was measured with paired transcranial magnetic stimulation with the conditioning stimulus applied to the motor cortex and the test stimulus applied to the contralateral motor cortex. Surface EMG was measured in right and left first dorsal interosseous muscles during rest, and while holding a pen between the thumb and index finger at 20% maximum voluntary contraction with the right dystonia-affected hand. The time course and magnitude of IHI was studied at interstimulus intervals of 6, 8, 10, 12, 30, 40, and 50 msec between the conditioning stimulus and test stimulus. RESULTS In WC at rest, IHI was significantly reduced in the dystonia-affected right hand (IHI from right to left motor cortex) at both short (SIHI, 10-12 msec) and long (LIHI, 30-40 msec) intervals compared to the unaffected hand. Compared to controls, SIHI and LIHI were reduced in the dystonia-affected hand only. There was no difference in IHI between controls and WC during the task of holding a pen. CONCLUSIONS In WC, both SIHI and LIHI are reduced in the dystonia-affected hand compared to the unaffected hand and to healthy controls. Impaired IHI may contribute to excessive muscle contraction in WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nelson
- Division of Neurology and Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Vinko SM, Zastrau U, Mazevet S, Andreasson J, Bajt S, Burian T, Chalupsky J, Chapman HN, Cihelka J, Doria D, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Dzelzainis T, Fäustlin RR, Fortmann C, Förster E, Galtier E, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Hajdu J, Hajkova V, Heimann PA, Irsig R, Juha L, Jurek M, Krzywinski J, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Lee RW, Li B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Mithen JP, Nagler B, Nelson AJ, Przystawik A, Redmer R, Riley D, Rosmej F, Sobierajski R, Tavella F, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, Vysin L, Whitcher TJ, White S, Wark JS. Electronic structure of an XUV photogenerated solid-density aluminum plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:225001. [PMID: 20867176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By use of high intensity XUV radiation from the FLASH free-electron laser at DESY, we have created highly excited exotic states of matter in solid-density aluminum samples. The XUV intensity is sufficiently high to excite an inner-shell electron from a large fraction of the atoms in the focal region. We show that soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements reveal the electronic temperature and density of this highly excited system immediately after the excitation pulse, with detailed calculations of the electronic structure, based on finite-temperature density functional theory, in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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Li YJ, Wang XQ, Sato T, Kanaji N, Nakanishi M, Kim M, Michalski J, Nelson AJ, Sun JH, Farid M, Basma H, Patil A, Toews ML, Liu X, Rennard SI. Prostaglandin E₂ inhibits human lung fibroblast chemotaxis through disparate actions on different E-prostanoid receptors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:99-107. [PMID: 20203295 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0163oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of fibroblasts is believed to play a key role in both normal wound repair and abnormal tissue remodeling. Prostaglandin E (PGE)(2), a mediator that can inhibit many fibroblast functions including chemotaxis, was reported to be mediated by the E-prostanoid (EP) receptor EP2. PGE(2), however, can act on four receptors. This study was designed to determine if EP receptors, in addition to EP2, can modulate fibroblast chemotaxis. Using human fetal lung fibroblasts, the expression of all four EP receptors was demonstrated by Western blotting. EP2-selective and EP4-selective agonists inhibited both chemotaxis toward fibronectin in the blindwell assay and migration in a wound-closure assay. In contrast, EP1-selective and EP3-selective agonists stimulated cell migration in both assay systems. These results were confirmed using EP-selective antagonists. The role of both EP2 and EP4 receptors in mediating the PGE(2) inhibition of chemotaxis was also confirmed by small interfering RNA suppression. Furthermore, the role of EP receptors was confirmed by blocking the expected signaling pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PGE(2) can act on multiple EP receptors in human lung fibroblasts, to exert disparate effects. Alterations in EP receptor expression may have the potential to alter PGE(2) action. Targeting specific EP receptors may offer therapeutic opportunities in conditions characterized by abnormal tissue repair and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Li
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Martin RR, Naftel SJ, Nelson AJ, Edwards M, Mithoowani H, Stakiw J. Synchrotron radiation analysis of possible correlations between metal status in human cementum and periodontal disease. J Synchrotron Radiat 2010; 17:263-267. [PMID: 20157281 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509052807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a serious disease that affects up to 50% of an adult population. It is a chronic condition involving inflammation of the periodontal ligament and associated tissues leading to eventual tooth loss. Some evidence suggests that trace metals, especially zinc and copper, may be involved in the onset and severity of periodontitis. Thus we have used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging on cross sections of diseased and healthy teeth using a microbeam to explore the distribution of trace metals in cementum and adhering plaque. The comparison between diseased and healthy teeth indicates that there are elevated levels of zinc, copper and nickel in diseased teeth as opposed to healthy teeth. This preliminary correlation between elevated levels of trace metals in the cementum and plaque of diseased teeth suggests that metals may play a role in the progress of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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50
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Abstract
Risk and ambiguity are two conditions in which the consequences of possible outcomes are not certain. Under risk, the probabilities of different outcomes can be estimated, whereas under ambiguity, even these probabilities are not known. Although most people exhibit at least some aversion to both risk and ambiguity, the degree of these aversions is largely uncorrelated across subjects, suggesting that risk aversion and ambiguity aversion are distinct phenomena. Previous studies have shown differences in brain activations for risky and ambiguous choices and have identified neural mechanisms that may mediate transitions from conditions of ambiguity to conditions of risk. Unknown, however, is whether the value of risky and ambiguous options is necessarily represented by two distinct systems or whether a common mechanism can be identified. To answer this question, we compared the neural representation of subjective value under risk and ambiguity. fMRI was used to track brain activation while subjects made choices regarding options that varied systematically in the amount of money offered and in either the probability of obtaining that amount or the level of ambiguity around that probability. A common system, consisting of at least the striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex, was found to represent subjective value under both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Levy
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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