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Giaglis S, Sur Chowdhury C, van Breda SV, Stoikou M, Tiaden AN, Daoudlarian D, Schaefer G, Buser A, Walker UA, Lapaire O, Hoesli I, Hasler P, Hahn S. Circulatory Neutrophils Exhibit Enhanced Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Early Puerperium: NETs at the Nexus of Thrombosis and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413646. [PMID: 34948443 PMCID: PMC8704360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal levels of cell-free DNA of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) origin, as circulatory neutrophils exhibit increased spontaneous NET formation, mainly driven by G-CSF and finely modulated by sex hormones. The postpartum period, on the other hand, involves physiological alterations consistent with the need for protection against infections and fatal haemorrhage. Our findings indicate that all relevant serum markers of neutrophil degranulation and NET release are substantially augmented postpartum. Neutrophil pro-NETotic activity in vitro is also upregulated particularly in post-delivery neutrophils. Moreover, maternal puerperal neutrophils exhibit a strong pro-NETotic phenotype, associated with increased levels of all key players in the generation of NETs, namely citH3, MPO, NE, and ROS, compared to non-pregnant and pregnant controls. Intriguingly, post-delivery NET formation is independent of G-CSF in contrast to late gestation and complemented by the presence of TF on the NETs, alterations in the platelet activity status, and activation of the coagulation cascade, triggered by circulating microparticles. Taken together, our results reveal the highly pro-NETotic and potentially procoagulant nature of postpartum neutrophils, bridging an overt immune activation with possible harmful thrombotic incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Giaglis
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.N.T.); (D.D.); (U.A.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Chanchal Sur Chowdhury
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shane Vontelin van Breda
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
| | - Maria Stoikou
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - André N. Tiaden
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.N.T.); (D.D.); (U.A.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Daoudlarian
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.N.T.); (D.D.); (U.A.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Schaefer
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Swiss Red Cross, Blood Transfusion Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrich A. Walker
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.N.T.); (D.D.); (U.A.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olav Lapaire
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Hoesli
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hasler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
| | - Sinuhe Hahn
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (C.S.C.); (S.V.v.B.); (M.S.); (G.S.); (O.L.); (I.H.); (S.H.)
- University Women’s Hospital, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Quero L, Tiaden AN, Hanser E, Roux J, Laski A, Hall J, Kyburz D. miR-221-3p Drives the Shift of M2-Macrophages to a Pro-Inflammatory Function by Suppressing JAK3/STAT3 Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3087. [PMID: 32047494 PMCID: PMC6996464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Macrophages are conventionally classified as pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) functional types. There is evidence for a predominance of macrophages with an inflammatory phenotype (M1) in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. MicroRNAs (miRs) play a pivotal role in regulating the inflammatory response in innate immune cells and are found at dysregulated levels in RA patients. Here we explored miRs that tune the inflammatory function of M2-macrophages. Methods: Expression profiles of miR-221-3p and miR-155-5p were analyzed in clinical samples from RA, other inflammatory arthritis (OIA), osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy donors (HD) by qPCR. In vitro generated macrophages were transfected with miR-mimics and inhibitors. Transcriptome profiling through RNA-sequencing was performed on M2-macrophages overexpressing miR-221-3p mimic with or without LPS treatment. Secretion of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-8, and CXCL13 was measured in M1- and M2-macrophages upon TLR2/TLR3/TLR4-stimulation using ELISA. Inflammatory pathways including NF-κB, IRF3, MAPKs, and JAK3/STAT3 were evaluated by immunoblotting. Direct target interaction of miR-221-3p and predicted target sites in 3'UTR of JAK3 were examined by luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: miR-221-3p in synovial tissue and fluid was increased in RA vs. OA or OIA. Endogenous expression levels of miR-221-3p and miR-155-5p were higher in M1- than M2-macrophages derived from RA patients or HD. TLR4-stimulation of M1- and M2-macrophages resulted in downregulation of miR-221-3p, but upregulation of miR-155-5p. M2-macrophages transfected with miR-221-3p mimics secreted less IL-10 and CXCL13 but more IL-6 and IL-8, exhibited downregulation of JAK3 protein and decreased pSTAT3 activation. JAK3 was identified as new direct target of miR-221-3p in macrophages. Co-transfection of miR-221-3p/miR-155-5p mimics in M2-macrophages increased M1-specific IL-12 secretion. Conclusions: miR-221-3p acts as a regulator of TLR4-induced inflammatory M2-macrophage function by directly targeting JAK3. Dysregulated miR-221-3p expression, as seen in synovium of RA patients, leads to a diminished anti-inflammatory response and drives M2-macrophages to exhibit a M1-cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Quero
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Bioinformatic Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Artur Laski
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Quero L, Hanser E, Manigold T, Tiaden AN, Kyburz D. TLR2 stimulation impairs anti-inflammatory activity of M2-like macrophages, generating a chimeric M1/M2 phenotype. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:245. [PMID: 29096690 PMCID: PMC5667453 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and macrophages play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, it is not clear whether inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 predominate among the resident macrophages in the synovium. In the present study, we set out to investigate the impact of TLR stimulation on monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophage function and phenotype by mimicking the exposure to abundant TLR agonists as occurs in the context of RA. The response of macrophage subsets to TLR2 and TLR4 activation was evaluated on cluster of differentiation (CD) marker profile; cytokine secretion; gene expression; and NF-κB, interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF3/7), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Methods Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy individuals and patients with RA and differentiated into M1-like and M2-like macrophages by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), respectively. Cells were either (1) stimulated with TLR ligands Pam3 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or (2) classically activated via interferon (IFN)-γ/LPS. Cytokine production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gene expression was measured by qPCR. Cells were stained for CD markers and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. NF-κB, IRF3/7, and MAPKs were detected by Western blotting. Results Monocyte-derived macrophages of healthy donors (HD) or patients with RA displayed comparable subset-specific phenotypes upon exposure to TLR agonists. CD14 and CD163 marker expression on M2 macrophages did not change upon TLR2 and TLR4 engagement. By contrast, M2 gene markers HMOX1, FOLR2, and SLC40A1 were decreased. Importantly, M2 macrophages derived from HD or patients with RA showed both a decreased ratio of interleukin (IL)-10/IL-6 and IL-10/IL-8 upon stimulation with TLR2 ligand Pam3 compared with TLR4 ligand LPS. Gene expression of TLR2 was increased, whereas TLR4 expression was decreased, by TLR ligand stimulation. MAPKs p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase were activated more strongly in M2 than in M1 macrophages by Pam3 or LPS. Conclusions We show that the anti-inflammatory activity of M2 macrophages is reduced in the presence of abundant TLR2 ligands without significant changes in cell surface markers. Thus, the classical M1/M2 paradigm based on cellular markers does not apply to macrophage functions in inflammatory conditions such as RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1447-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Quero
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Manigold
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Filliat G, Mirsaidi A, Tiaden AN, Kuhn GA, Weber FE, Oka C, Richards PJ. Role of HTRA1 in bone formation and regeneration: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181600. [PMID: 28732055 PMCID: PMC5521800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mammalian high temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) in somatic stem cell differentiation and mineralized matrix formation remains controversial, having been demonstrated to impart either anti- or pro-osteogenic effects, depending on the in vitro cell model used. The aim of this study was therefore to further evaluate the role of HTRA1 in regulating the differentiation potential and lineage commitment of murine mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and to assess its influence on bone structure and regeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrated that short hairpin RNA-mediated ablation of Htra1 in the murine mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2 increased the expression of several osteogenic gene markers, and significantly enhanced matrix mineralization in response to BMP-2 stimulation. These effects were concomitant with decreases in the expression of chondrogenic gene markers, and increases in adipogenic gene expression and lipid accrual. Despite the profound effects of loss-of-function of HTRA1 on this in vitro osteochondral model, these were not reproduced in vivo, where bone microarchitecture and regeneration in 16-week-old Htra1-knockout mice remained unaltered as compared to wild-type controls. By comparison, analysis of femurs from 52-week-old mice revealed that bone structure was better preserved in Htra1-knockout mice than age-matched wild-type controls. These findings therefore provide additional insights into the role played by HTRA1 in regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and offer opportunities for improving our understanding of how this multifunctional protease may act to influence bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Filliat
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N. Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A. Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chio Oka
- Division of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Peter J. Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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5
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Köcher S, Rey J, Bongard J, Tiaden AN, Meltzer M, Richards PJ, Ehrmann M, Kaiser M. Maßgeschneiderte Ahp-Cyclodepsipeptide als potente, nicht-kovalente Serinprotease-Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Köcher
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Fakultät für Biologie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstraße 2 45117 Essen Deutschland
| | - Juliana Rey
- Mikrobiologie, ZMB, Fakultät für Biologie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Deutschland
| | - Jens Bongard
- Mikrobiologie, ZMB, Fakultät für Biologie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Deutschland
| | - André N. Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM; Universität Zürich; Schweiz
| | - Michael Meltzer
- Mikrobiologie, ZMB, Fakultät für Biologie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Deutschland
| | - Peter J. Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM; Universität Zürich; Schweiz
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP); Universität Zürich; Schweiz
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Mikrobiologie, ZMB, Fakultät für Biologie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Deutschland
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Großbritannien
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Fakultät für Biologie; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstraße 2 45117 Essen Deutschland
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6
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Köcher S, Rey J, Bongard J, Tiaden AN, Meltzer M, Richards PJ, Ehrmann M, Kaiser M. Tailored Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides as Potent Non-covalent Serine Protease Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8555-8558. [PMID: 28514117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The S1 serine protease family is one of the largest and most biologically important protease families. Despite their biomedical significance, generic approaches to generate potent, class-specific, bioactive non-covalent inhibitors for these enzymes are still limited. In this work, we demonstrate that Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides represent a suitable scaffold for generating target-tailored inhibitors of serine proteases. For efficient synthetic access, we developed a practical mixed solid- and solution-phase synthesis that we validated through performing the first chemical synthesis of the two natural products Tasipeptin A and B. The suitability of the Ahp-cyclodepsipeptide scaffold for tailored inhibitor synthesis is showcased by the generation of the most potent human HTRA protease inhibitors to date. We anticipate that our approach may also be applied to other serine proteases, thus opening new avenues for a systematic discovery of serine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Köcher
- Chemical Biology, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Rey
- Microbiology, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Bongard
- Microbiology, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - André N Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meltzer
- Microbiology, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter J Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Microbiology, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3US, UK
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemical Biology, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
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7
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Glanz S, Mirsaidi A, López-Fagundo C, Filliat G, Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. Loss-of-Function of HtrA1 Abrogates All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Through Deficiencies in p70S6K Activation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:687-98. [PMID: 26950191 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of osteogenic differentiation in mouse adipose-derived stromal cells (mASCs), although the underlying mechanisms responsible for its mode of action have yet to be completely elucidated. High temperature requirement protease A1 (HtrA1) is a newly recognized modulator of human multipotent stromal cell (MSC) osteogenesis and as such, may play a role in regulating ATRA-dependent osteogenic differentiation of mASCs. In this study, we assessed the influence of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced repression of HtrA1 production on mASC osteogenesis and examined its effects on ATRA-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Inhibition of HtrA1 production in osteogenic mASCs resulted in a significant reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized matrix formation. Western blot analyses revealed the rapid activation of Akt (Ser473) and p70S6K (Thr389) in ATRA-treated mASCs, and that levels of phosphorylated p70S6K were noticeably reduced in HtrA1-deficient mASCs. Further studies using mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and siRNA specific for the p70S6K gene Rps6kb1 confirmed ATRA-mediated mASC osteogenesis as being dependent on p70S6K activation. Finally, transfection of cells with a constitutively active rapamycin-resistant p70S6K mutant could restore the mineralizing capacity of HtrA1-deficient mASCs. These findings therefore lend further support for HtrA1 as a positive mediator of MSC osteogenesis and provide new insights into the molecular mode of action of ATRA in regulating mASC lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Glanz
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gladys Filliat
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Tiaden AN, Bahrenberg G, Mirsaidi A, Glanz S, Blüher M, Richards PJ. Novel Function of Serine Protease HTRA1 in Inhibiting Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via MAP Kinase-Mediated MMP Upregulation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1601-14. [PMID: 26864869 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) develop into lipid-laden adipocytes. Being the dominant cell type within adipose tissue, adipocytes play a central role in regulating circulating fatty acid levels, which is considered to be of critical importance in maintaining insulin sensitivity. High temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) is a newly recognized regulator of MSC differentiation, although its role as a mediator of adipogenesis has not yet been defined. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate HTRA1's influence on human MSC (hMSC) adipogenesis and to establish a potential mode of action. We report that the addition of exogenous HTRA1 to hMSCs undergoing adipogenesis suppressed their ability to develop into lipid laden adipocytes. These effects were demonstrated as being reliant on both its protease and PDZ domain, and were mediated through the actions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The relevance of such findings with regards to HTRA1's potential influence on adipocyte function in vivo is made evident by the fact that HTRA1 and MMP-13 were readily identifiable within crown-like structures present in visceral adipose tissue samples from insulin resistant obese human subjects. These data therefore implicate HTRA1 as a negative regulator of MSC adipogenesis and are suggestive of its potential involvement in adipose tissue remodeling under pathological conditions. Stem Cells 2016;34:1601-1614.
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Affiliation(s)
- André N Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Glanz
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter J Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Theiss F, Mirsaidi A, Mhanna R, Kümmerle J, Glanz S, Bahrenberg G, Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. Use of biomimetic microtissue spheroids and specific growth factor supplementation to improve tenocyte differentiation and adaptation to a collagen-based scaffold in vitro. Biomaterials 2015; 69:99-109. [PMID: 26283157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tenocytes represent a valuable source of cells for the purposes of tendon tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and as such, should possess a high degree of tenogenic differentiation prior to their use in vivo in order to achieve maximal efficacy. In the current report, we identify an efficient means by which to maintain differentiated tenocytes in vitro by employing the hanging drop technique in combination with defined growth media supplements. Equine tenocytes retained a more differentiated state when cultured as scaffold-free microtissue spheroids in low serum-containing medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, insulin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. This was made evident by significant increases in the expression levels of pro-tenogenic markers collagen type I (COL1A2), collagen type III (COL3A1), scleraxis (SCX) and tenomodulin (TNMD), as well as by enhanced levels of collagen type I and tenomodulin protein. Furthermore, tenocytes cultured under these conditions demonstrated a typical spindle-like morphology and when embedded in collagen gels, became highly aligned with respect to the orientation of the collagen structure following their migration out from the microtissue spheroids. Our findings therefore provide evidence to support the use of a biomimetic microtissue approach to culturing tenocytes and that in combination with the defined growth media described, can improve their differentiation status and functional repopulation of collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Theiss
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rami Mhanna
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; American University of Beirut, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jan Kümmerle
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Glanz
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lindtner RA, Tiaden AN, Genelin K, Ebner HL, Manzl C, Klawitter M, Sitte I, von Rechenberg B, Blauth M, Richards PJ. Osteoanabolic effect of alendronate and zoledronate on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from aged female osteoporotic patients and its implications for their mode of action in the treatment of age-related bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1151-61. [PMID: 23974861 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY In the present study, we evaluated the potential for aminobisphosphonates to enhance the development of bone-forming osteoblasts from progenitor cells isolated from aged female osteoporotic patients. The aminobisphosphonates tested significantly enhanced osteoblast formation and thus lend further insights into their possible mode of action in the treatment of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of aminobisphosphonates on the osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and mineralization of differentiating bone-forming cells isolated from osteoporotic patients. METHODS The influence of aminobisphosphonate treatment on hBMSC osteogenesis was assessed by the quantitative measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, in addition to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of known osteogenic markers. Mineralized matrix formation by hBMSC-derived osteoblasts was visualized and quantified using Alizarin red staining. RESULTS hBMSC cultures treated with osteogenic medium supplemented with zoledronate demonstrated a significant increase in Alizarin red staining after 3 weeks as compared to cells cultured in osteogenic medium alone. Similarly, cultures of differentiating hBMSCs isolated from patients receiving alendronate treatment also demonstrated an increased propensity for mineralization, even in the absence of further in vitro stimulation by zoledronate. The stimulatory effects of aminobisphosphonate treatment on hBMSC-derived osteoblast-mediated mineralization were independent of any alterations in ALP activity, although significant decreases in the expression levels of osteopontin (SPP1) were evident in hBMSCs following exposure to aminobisphosphonates. Further analysis including Western blotting and loss-of-function studies revealed osteopontin as having a negative influence on the mineralization of differentiating osteoporotic bone-forming cells. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate for the first time that aminobisphosphonate treatment of osteoporotic hBMSCs enhances their capacity for osteoblast formation and subsequent mineral deposition, thus supporting the concept of aminobisphosphonates as having an osteoanabolic effect in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lindtner
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mirsaidi A, Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. Preparation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Scaffold‐Free Mouse Adipose‐Derived Stromal Cell Microtissue Spheroids (ASC‐MT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 27:2B.5.1-2B.5.12. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02b05s27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - André N. Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Quero L, Klawitter M, Schmaus A, Rothley M, Sleeman J, Tiaden AN, Klasen J, Boos N, Hottiger MO, Wuertz K, Richards PJ. Hyaluronic acid fragments enhance the inflammatory and catabolic response in human intervertebral disc cells through modulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathways. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R94. [PMID: 23968377 PMCID: PMC3978638 DOI: 10.1186/ar4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by extracellular matrix breakdown and is considered to be a primary cause of discogenic back pain. Although increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels within degenerating discs are associated with discogenic back pain, the mechanisms leading to their overproduction have not yet been elucidated. As fragmentation of matrix components occurs during IVD degeneration, we assessed the potential involvement of hyaluronic acid fragments (fHAs) in the induction of inflammatory and catabolic mediators. Methods Human IVD cells isolated from patient biopsies were stimulated with fHAs (6 to 12 disaccharides) and their effect on cytokine and matrix degrading enzyme production was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The involvement of specific cell surface receptors and signal transduction pathways in mediating the effects of fHAs was tested using small interfering RNA (siRNA) approaches and kinase inhibition assays. Results Treatment of IVD cells with fHAs significantly increased mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -13. The stimulatory effects of fHAs on IL-6 protein production were significantly impaired when added to IVD cells in combination with either Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 siRNA or a TLR2 neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, the ability of fHAs to enhance IL-6 and MMP-3 protein production was found to be dependent on the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Conclusions These findings suggest that fHAs may have the potential to mediate IVD degeneration and discogenic back pain through activation of the TLR2 signaling pathway in resident IVD cells.
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Tiaden AN, Breiden M, Mirsaidi A, Weber FA, Bahrenberg G, Glanz S, Cinelli P, Ehrmann M, Richards PJ. Human serine protease HTRA1 positively regulates osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mineralization of differentiating bone-forming cells through the modulation of extracellular matrix protein. Stem Cells 2012; 30:2271-82. [PMID: 22865667 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian high-temperature requirement serine protease A1 (HTRA1) is a secreted member of the trypsin family of serine proteases which can degrade a variety of bone matrix proteins and as such has been implicated in musculoskeletal development. In this study, we have investigated the role of HTRA1 in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis and suggest a potential mechanism through which it controls matrix mineralization by differentiating bone-forming cells. Osteogenic induction resulted in a significant elevation in the expression and secretion of HTRA1 in MSCs isolated from human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBMSCs), mouse adipose-derived stromal cells (mASCs), and mouse embryonic stem cells. Recombinant HTRA1 enhanced the osteogenesis of hBMSCs as evidenced by significant changes in several osteogenic markers including integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5), and sclerostin, and promoted matrix mineralization in differentiating bone-forming osteoblasts. These stimulatory effects were not observed with proteolytically inactive HTRA1 and were abolished by small interfering RNA against HTRA1. Moreover, loss of HTRA1 function resulted in enhanced adipogenesis of hBMSCs. HTRA1 Immunofluorescence studies showed colocalization of HTRA1 with IBSP protein in osteogenic mASC spheroid cultures and was confirmed as being a newly identified HTRA1 substrate in cell cultures and in proteolytic enzyme assays. A role for HTRA1 in bone regeneration in vivo was also alluded to in bone fracture repair studies where HTRA1 was found localized predominantly to areas of new bone formation in association with IBSP. These data therefore implicate HTRA1 as having a central role in osteogenesis through modification of proteins within the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- André N Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tiaden AN, Klawitter M, Lux V, Mirsaidi A, Bahrenberg G, Glanz S, Quero L, Liebscher T, Wuertz K, Ehrmann M, Richards PJ. Detrimental role for human high temperature requirement serine protease A1 (HTRA1) in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21335-45. [PMID: 22556410 PMCID: PMC3375554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human HTRA1 is a highly conserved secreted serine protease that degrades numerous extracellular matrix proteins. We have previously identified HTRA1 as being up-regulated in osteoarthritic patients and as having the potential to regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in synovial fibroblasts through the generation of fibronectin fragments. In the present report, we have extended these studies and investigated the role of HTRA1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. HTRA1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in degenerated disc tissue and was associated with increased protein levels. However, these increases did not correlate with the appearance of rs11200638 single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the HTRA1 gene, as has previously been suggested. Recombinant HTRA1 induced MMP production in IVD cell cultures through a mechanism critically dependent on MEK but independent of IL-1β signaling. The use of a catalytically inactive mutant confirmed these effects to be primarily due to HTRA1 serine protease activity. HTRA1-induced fibronectin proteolysis resulted in the generation of various sized fragments, which when added to IVD cells in culture, caused a significant increase in MMP expression. Furthermore, one of these fragments was identified as being the amino-terminal fibrin- and heparin-binding domain and was also found to be increased within HTRA1-treated IVD cell cultures as well as in disc tissue from patients with IVD degeneration. Our results therefore support a scenario in which HTRA1 promotes IVD degeneration through the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin and subsequent activation of resident disc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Klawitter
- From the Bone and Stem Cell Research Group and
- the Spine Research Group, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanda Lux
- the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geography, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- From the Bone and Stem Cell Research Group and
- the Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- From the Bone and Stem Cell Research Group and
- the Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Glanz
- From the Bone and Stem Cell Research Group and
- the Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Quero
- the Spine Research Group, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Liebscher
- the Department of Spinal Surgery, SRH Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, 76307 Karlsbad, Germany, and
| | - Karin Wuertz
- the Spine Research Group, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- the Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- the AOSpine Research Network, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geography, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter J. Richards
- From the Bone and Stem Cell Research Group and
- the Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Erener S, Mirsaidi A, Hesse M, Tiaden AN, Ellingsgaard H, Kostadinova R, Donath MY, Richards PJ, Hottiger MO. ARTD1 deletion causes increased hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet and impairs adipocyte function and differentiation. FASEB J 2012; 26:2631-8. [PMID: 22426118 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferase Diphtheria toxin-like 1 [ARTD1; formerly called poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)] is a chromatin-associated enzyme involved in regulating metabolic homeostasis. The liver is at the core of glucose and lipid metabolism and is significantly affected by obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Here, we show that when fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking ARTD1 developed exacerbated hepatic steatosis. ARTD1(-/-) mice had a 19% higher liver weight than wild-type (WT) animals and exhibited a significantly increased serum concentration of cholesterol (38%) and impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, adipocyte function and size were significantly reduced in ARTD1(-/-) mice fed an HFD (7794 μm(2) for WT and 5579 μm(2) for ARTD1(-/-) mice). The significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from ARTD1(-/-) mice (28 vs. 11% Oil red O-positive cells in WT and ARTD1(-/-) ASCs, respectively) suggested that impaired adipogenesis as the underlying cause for this adipose tissue malfunction. This function of ARTD1 was specific for adipogenesis, since osteogenic differentiation was not affected by the ARTD1 deletion. In summary, we show that ARTD1(-/-) mice fed an HFD display impaired adipogenesis and show exacerbated hepatic steatosis, which can have important implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheda Erener
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
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Mirsaidi A, Kleinhans KN, Rimann M, Tiaden AN, Stauber M, Rudolph KL, Richards PJ. Telomere length, telomerase activity and osteogenic differentiation are maintained in adipose-derived stromal cells from senile osteoporotic SAMP6 mice. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:378-90. [DOI: 10.1002/term.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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