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Di Gregorio J, Di Giuseppe L, Terreri S, Rossi M, Battafarano G, Pagliarosi O, Flati V, Del Fattore A. Protein Stability Regulation in Osteosarcoma: The Ubiquitin-like Modifications and Glycosylation as Mediators of Tumor Growth and as Targets for Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:537. [PMID: 38534381 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches are the most important challenges for osteosarcoma treatment. In fact, despite being relatively rare, recurrence and metastatic potential, particularly to the lungs, make osteosarcoma a deadly form of cancer. In fact, although current treatments, including surgery and chemotherapy, have improved survival rates, the disease's recurrence and metastasis are still unresolved complications. Insights for analyzing the still unclear molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma development, and for finding new therapeutic targets, may arise from the study of post-translational protein modifications. Indeed, they can influence and alter protein structure, stability and function, and cellular interactions. Among all the post-translational modifications, ubiquitin-like modifications (ubiquitination, deubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation), as well as glycosylation, are the most important for regulating protein stability, which is frequently altered in cancers including osteosarcoma. This review summarizes the relevance of ubiquitin-like modifications and glycosylation in osteosarcoma progression, providing an overview of protein stability regulation, as well as highlighting the molecular mediators of these processes in the context of osteosarcoma and their possible targeting for much-needed novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Di Giuseppe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Pagliarosi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Rossi M, Lowery JW, Del Fattore A. Editorial: Genetic and molecular determinants in bone health and diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347765. [PMID: 38304462 PMCID: PMC10832011 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jonathan W. Lowery
- Division of Academic Affairs, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Bone & Muscle Research Group, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Rossi M, Knowles HJ, Del Fattore A. Editorial: Advances in the endocrine role of the skeleton volume II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1345813. [PMID: 38174336 PMCID: PMC10761473 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1345813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Helen J. Knowles
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Ramchandran R, Del Fattore A, Wingert RA. Editorial: Editors' showcase-insights into molecular and cellular pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1235103. [PMID: 37389356 PMCID: PMC10303773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1235103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramani Ramchandran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ann Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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De Leo E, Taranta A, Raso R, Polishchuk E, D'Oria V, Pezzullo M, Goffredo BM, Cairoli S, Bellomo F, Battafarano G, Camassei FD, Del Fattore A, Polishchuk R, Emma F, Rega LR. Genistein improves renal disease in a mouse model of nephropathic cystinosis: a comparison study with cysteamine. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1090-1101. [PMID: 36300303 PMCID: PMC10026248 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine is currently the only therapy for nephropathic cystinosis. It significantly improves life expectancy and delays progression to end-stage kidney disease; however, it cannot prevent it. Unfortunately, compliance to therapy is often weak, particularly during adolescence. Therefore, finding better treatments is a priority in the field of cystinosis. Previously, we found that genistein, an isoflavone particularly enriched in soy, can revert part of the cystinotic cellular phenotype that is not sensitive to cysteamine in vitro. To test the effects of genistein in vivo, we fed 2-month-old wild-type and Ctns-/- female mice with either a control diet, a genistein-containing diet or a cysteamine-containing diet for 14 months. Genistein (160 mg/kg/day) did not affect the growth of the mice or hepatic functionality. Compared with untreated mice at 16 months, Ctns-/- mice fed with genistein had lower cystine concentrations in their kidneys, reduced formation of cystine crystals, a smaller number of LAMP1-positive structures and an overall better-preserved parenchymal architecture. Cysteamine (400 mg/kg/day) was efficient in reverting the lysosomal phenotype and in preventing the development of renal lesions. These preclinical data indicate that genistein ameliorates kidney injury resulting from cystinosis with no side effects. Genistein therapy represents a potential treatment to improve the outcome for patients with cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester De Leo
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Taranta
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Raso
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Research Laboratories, Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzullo
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Department of Pediatric Specialties and Liver-Kidney Transplantation, Division of Metabolic Biochemistry and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cairoli
- Department of Pediatric Specialties and Liver-Kidney Transplantation, Division of Metabolic Biochemistry and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellomo
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rita Rega
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Rossi M, De Martino V, Di Giuseppe L, Battafarano G, Di Gregorio J, Terreri S, Marampon F, Minisola S, Del Fattore A. Anti-proliferative, pro-apototic and anti-migratory properties of HDAC inhibitor PXD-101 on osteosarcoma cell lines. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 734:109489. [PMID: 36526001 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma involve both surgical approach and chemotherapy, but the identification of new therapeutic targets is particularly necessary in patients with local chemo-resistance, recurrence and lung metastases. The role of epigenetic regulation in osteosarcoma is largely unknown. Thus, in this study we disclosed the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor drug PXD-101 on human osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines with different aggressiveness, including Saos-2, HOS and 143B cell lines. XTT assays revealed that treatment of Saos-2, HOS and 143B cells with PXD-101 decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that PXD-101 inhibited proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Wound healing assay indicated that PXD-101 inhibited migration of osteosarcoma cells. Real-Time RT-qPCR and protein analysis highlighted reduced expression of Runx2, Osterix and Mad2, probably due to Cyclin B1 inhibition by PXD-101 treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study that characterized the anti-tumoral effect of PXD-101 in OS cells, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Di Giuseppe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Terreri
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Coudert A, Battafarano G, Del Fattore A. Editorial: Identification of New Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Disease, volume II. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1166647. [PMID: 36960412 PMCID: PMC10028265 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1166647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Coudert
- UFR d’odontologie (Département des Sciences Biologiques), Université Paris Diderot BIOSCAR-INSERM U1132, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Battafarano,
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Pepe J, Rossi M, Battafarano G, Vernocchi P, Conte F, Marzano V, Mariani E, Mortera SL, Cipriani C, Rana I, Buonuomo PS, Bartuli A, De Martino V, Pelle S, Pascucci L, Toniolo RM, Putignani L, Minisola S, Del Fattore A. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles in Osteoporotic Patients Compared to Osteopenic and Healthy Controls. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2186-2200. [PMID: 36053959 PMCID: PMC10086946 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of a range of pathological conditions. However, their role in bone loss disease has not been well understood. In this study we characterized plasma EVs of 54 osteoporotic (OP) postmenopausal women compared to 48 osteopenic (OPN) and 44 healthy controls (CN), and we investigated their effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We found no differences between the three groups in terms of anthropometric measurements and biochemical evaluation of serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine, PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and bone biomarkers, except for an increase of CTX level in OP group. FACS analysis revealed that OP patients presented a significantly increased number of EVs and RANKL+ EVs compared with both CN and OPN subjects. Total EVs are negatively associated with the lumbar spine T-score and femoral neck T-score. Only in the OPN patients we observed a positive association between the total number of EVs and RANKL+ EVs with the serum RANKL. In vitro studies revealed that OP EVs supported osteoclastogenesis of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the same level observed following RANKL and M-CSF treatment, reduced the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, while inducing an increase of OSTERIX and RANKL expression in mature osteoblasts. The analysis of miRNome revealed that miR-1246 and miR-1224-5p were the most upregulated and downregulated in OP EVs; the modulated EV-miRNAs in OP and OPN compared to CN are related to osteoclast differentiation, interleukin-13 production and regulation of canonical WNT pathway. A proteomic comparison between OPN and CN EVs evidenced a decrease in fibrinogen, vitronectin, and clusterin and an increase in coagulation factors and apolipoprotein, which was also upregulated in OP EVs. Interestingly, an increase in RANKL+ EVs and exosomal miR-1246 was also observed in samples from patients affected by Gorham-Stout disease, suggesting that EVs could be good candidate as bone loss disease biomarkers. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pepe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "A.Ruberti", National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Marzano
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eda Mariani
- Research Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Levi Mortera
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ippolita Rana
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pelle
- "Polo Sanitario San Feliciano - Villa Aurora" Clinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Renato Maria Toniolo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics, and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Torsello M, Salvati A, Borro L, Meucci D, Tropiano ML, Cialente F, Secinaro A, Del Fattore A, Emiliana CM, Francalanci P, Battafarano G, Cacciotti I, Trozzi M. 3D bioprinting in airway reconstructive surgery: A pilot study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 161:111253. [PMID: 35932624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Open surgery is a reliable choice for congenital subglottic stenosis, that represents the third most common congenital anomaly of the larynx. One of the procedures performed is anterior laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) with anterior rib graft. The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential of 3D printing technology for the realization of laryngo-tracheal scaffold in Polycaprolactone (PCL) implanted in vivo in ovine animal model. METHODS A 3D computer model of a laryngeal graft and a tracheal graft was designed and printed with PCL through 3D additive manufacturing technology. The scaffolds were seeded with autologous mesenchymal stem cells and cultured in vitro for up to 14 days. Anterior graft LTR with 3D printed scaffolds was performed on 5 sheep. The animals underwent endoscopic examinations at the first, 3rd, 6th, and 12th weeks after surgery and before sacrifice. The integration of the material was evaluated by the pathologist. RESULTS Two animals showed a favourable postoperative course and were sacrificed at 6 months postoperatively. In these cases, we observed endoscopically a complete integration of the cellularized PCL scaffold into the peri-implant tissues, and the pathologist found the growth of respiratory epithelium on the scaffold's inner surface. Other two animals showed a difficult post-operative recovery characterized by respiratory distress resulting in early sacrifice on postoperative days 31 and 33. In these animals we found a poor integration of the grafts into the tracheal structure, and a better integration of the laryngeal scaffold. The last animal developed a wound abscess and was sacrificed 80 days after surgery. We observed, in this case, a poor scaffold integration and an acute inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSIONS From the preliminary data obtained we found that the excessive stiffness of the material, along with the anatomical features of the sheep, is a major limitation of this study. It will be necessary in the future to create a new biocompatible, more flexible and elastic graft, to achieve greater integration into surrounding tissues. Bioconstructed grafts could simplify surgery for the treatment of laryngo-tracheal stenosis, particularly in the treatment of long tracheal stenoses, which have, at the moment, very complex surgical options. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Torsello
- Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Salvati
- Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Borro
- Clinical Management and Technological Innovations Area, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Duino Meucci
- Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tropiano
- Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cialente
- Department of Sense Organ, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Del Policlinico 155, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caristo Maria Emiliana
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli"-IRCCS, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome "Niccolò Cusano", 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Trozzi
- Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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De Martino V, Battarano G, Marampon F, Del Fattore A, Minisola S, Rossi M. Evaluation of the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD-101 on osteosarcoma cell lines. Bone Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Borro L, Raponi M, Del Fattore A, Zanini F, di Lillo F, Contillo A, Bordonaro V, Di Piazza E, Tozzi AE, Secinaro A. Reusability of P3 Facial Filter in a Pandemic Emergency: A 3D Analysis of Filter Microstructure with X-ray Microtomography Images after Dry Heat and UV Sterilization Procedures. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063435. [PMID: 35329123 PMCID: PMC8952298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Our goal is to evaluate the effects of heat and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on P3 facial respirator microstructure. Intervention: P3 facial filters were exposed to dry heat and UV sterilization procedures. Methods: P3 facial filter samples underwent a standardized sterilization process based on dry heat and UV irradiation techniques. We analyzed critical parameters of internal microstructure, such as fiber thickness and porosity, before and after sterilization, using 3D data obtained with synchrotron radiation-based X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT). The analyzed filter has two inner layers called the “finer” and “coarser” layers. The “finer” layer consists of a dense fiber network, while the “coarser” layer has a less compact fiber network. Results: Analysis of 3D images showed no statistically significant differences between the P3 filter of the controls and the dry heat/UV sterilized samples. In particular, averages fiber thickness in the finer layer of the control and the 60° dry heated and UV-irradiated sample groups was almost identical. Average fiber thickness for the coarser layer of the control and the 60° dry heated and UV-irradiated sample groups was very similar, measuring 19.33 µm (±0.47), 18.33 µm (±0.47), and 18.66 µm (±0.47), respectively. There was no substantial difference in maximum fiber thickness in the finer layers and coarser layers. For the control group samples, maximum thickness was on average 11.43 µm (±1.24) in the finer layer and 59.33 µm (±6.79) in the coarser layer. Similarly, the 60° dry heated group samples were thickened 12.2 µm (±0.21) in the finer layer and 57.33 µm (±1.24) in the coarser layer, while for the UV-irradiated group, the mean max thickness was 12.23 µm (±0.90) in the finer layer and 58.00 µm (±6.68) in the coarser layer. Theoretical porosity analysis resulted in 74% and 88% for the finer and coarser layers. The finer layers’ theoretical porosity tended to decrease in dry heat and UV-irradiated samples compared with the respective control samples. Conclusions: Dry heat and UV sterilization processes do not substantially alter the morphometry of the P3 filter samples’ internal microstructure, as studied with micro-CT. The current study suggests that safe P3 filter facepiece reusability is theoretically feasible and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Borro
- Advanced Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2193
| | - Massimiliano Raponi
- Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Zanini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.Z.); (F.d.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca di Lillo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.Z.); (F.d.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriano Contillo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.Z.); (F.d.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Veronica Bordonaro
- Advanced Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Eleonora Di Piazza
- UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli–IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto E. Tozzi
- Multifactorial and Complex Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.)
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De Martino V, Rossi M, Battafarano G, Pepe J, Minisola S, Del Fattore A. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteosarcoma: Antagonists or Therapeutic Agents? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12586. [PMID: 34830463 PMCID: PMC8619425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a skeletal tumor affecting mainly children and adolescents. The presence of distance metastasis is frequent and it is localized preferentially to the lung, representing the main reason for death among patients. The therapeutic approaches are based on surgery and chemotherapeutics. However, the drug resistance and the side effects associated with the chemotherapy require the identification of new therapeutic approaches. The understanding of the complex biological scenario of the osteosarcoma will open the way for the identification of new targets for its treatment. Recently, a great interest of scientific community is for extracellular vesicles (EVs), that are released in the tumor microenvironment and are important regulators of tumor proliferation and the metastatic process. At the same time, circulating extracellular vesicles can be exploited as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and they can be loaded with drugs as a new therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma patients. Thus, the characterization of OS-related EVs could represent a way to convert these vesicles from antagonists for human health into therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.M.); (J.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.M.); (J.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.M.); (J.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.B.)
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Di Piazza E, Pandolfi E, Cacciotti I, Del Fattore A, Tozzi AE, Secinaro A, Borro L. Bioprinting Technology in Skin, Heart, Pancreas and Cartilage Tissues: Progress and Challenges in Clinical Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182010806. [PMID: 34682564 PMCID: PMC8535210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging additive manufacturing technique which shows an outstanding potential for shaping customized functional substitutes for tissue engineering. Its introduction into the clinical space in order to replace injured organs could ideally overcome the limitations faced with allografts. Presently, even though there have been years of prolific research in the field, there is a wide gap to bridge in order to bring bioprinting from "bench to bedside". This is due to the fact that bioprinted designs have not yet reached the complexity required for clinical use, nor have clear GMP (good manufacturing practices) rules or precise regulatory guidelines been established. This review provides an overview of some of the most recent and remarkable achievements for skin, heart, pancreas and cartilage bioprinting breakthroughs while highlighting the critical shortcomings for each tissue type which is keeping this technique from becoming widespread reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Piazza
- Multifactorial and Complex Disease Research Area, Preventive and Predictive Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.E.T.)
| | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial and Complex Disease Research Area, Preventive and Predictive Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.E.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Engineering Department, Niccolò Cusano University of Rome, INSTM RU, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Multifactorial and Complex Disease Research Area, Preventive and Predictive Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.E.T.)
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Clinical Management and Technological Innovations Area, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Luca Borro
- Clinical Management and Technological Innovations Area, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (L.B.)
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14
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Rossi M, Rana I, Buonuomo PS, Battafarano G, De Martino V, D'Agostini M, Porzio O, Cipriani C, Minisola S, De Vito R, Vecchio D, Gonfiantini MV, Jenkner A, Bartuli A, Del Fattore A. Stimulation of Treg Cells to Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis in Gorham-Stout Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706596. [PMID: 34513837 PMCID: PMC8430039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a very rare syndrome displaying excessive bone erosion and vascular lesion. Due to the rarity of the disease and to the limited studies, its etiopathogenesis is not entirely known. The involvement of immune system in the progressive osteolysis was recently suggested. Indeed, extensive reciprocal interactions between the immune and skeletal systems have been demonstrated. This study aimed to evaluate alterations of immune cells in GSD. An increase of CD8+ cells and reduction of CD4+ and CD4+CD25+CD127low cells was revealed in patients. Interestingly, patients’ regulatory T cells maintain the ability to respond to extracellular stimuli and to regulate osteoclastogenesis; GSD cells proliferate under aCD3/CD28 signal reaching similar levels to those observed in control culture and exert their immunomodulatory activity on effector T cells. GSD Treg cells preserved their inhibitory effects on the osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that stimulation of Treg cells could open the way for the identification and testing of new therapeutic approaches for patients affected by GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ippolita Rana
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo D'Agostini
- Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Jenkner
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Rossi M, Rana I, Buonuomo PS, Battafarano G, Mariani E, D'Agostini M, Porzio O, De Martino V, Minisola S, Macchiaiolo M, De Vito R, Vecchio D, Gonfiantini MV, Jenkner A, Bartuli A, Del Fattore A. Dysregulated miRNAs in bone cells of patients with Gorham-Stout disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21424. [PMID: 33609323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001904rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a very rare disease characterized by increased bone erosion with angiomatous proliferation. The mechanisms underlying this disorder have not been deeply investigated. Due to its rarity, no guidelines are currently available for treatment and management of GSD. We recently evaluated the cellular alterations of the bone remodeling in patients showing that osteoclast precursors displayed increased ability to differentiate into osteoclasts and that affected osteoclasts resorb bone more actively than control cells. Moreover, osteoblasts isolated from a patient showed a defective ability to form mineralized nodules. In this paper, we investigated the molecular pathways involved in the cellular defects of GSD bone cells. For this study, we recruited nine patients and performed miRNome analysis of bone cells. Between the 178 miRNAs robustly expressed in GSD osteoclasts, significant modulation of three miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1-3p, and miR-137-3p) involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and activity or in the angiomatous proliferation was found in patients' cells. Interestingly, miR-1246 was also up-regulated in serum exosomes from patients. Analysis of miRNAs from patient osteoblasts suggested alteration of miR-204a-5p, miR-615-3p and miR-378a-3p regulating osteoblast function and differentiation. The resulting miRNA pattern may help to understand better the mechanisms involved in GSD and to identify new potential therapeutic targets for this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ippolita Rana
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eda Mariani
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo D'Agostini
- Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Jenkner
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Fontanella RA, Sideri S, Di Stefano C, Catizone A, Di Agostino S, Angelini DF, Guerrera G, Battistini L, Battafarano G, Del Fattore A, Campese AF, Padula F, De Cesaris P, Filippini A, Riccioli A. CD44v8-10 is a marker for malignant traits and a potential driver of bone metastasis in a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0495. [PMID: 34018387 PMCID: PMC8330537 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone metastasis is a clinically important outcome of prostate carcinoma (PC). We focused on the phenotypic and functional characterization of a particularly aggressive phenotype within the androgen-independent bone metastasis-derived PC3 cell line. These cells, originated from the spontaneous conversion of a CD44-negative subpopulation, stably express the CD44v8-10 isoform (CD44v8-10pos) and display stem cell-like features and a marked invasive phenotype in vitro that is lost upon CD44v8-10 silencing. METHODS Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used for phenotypic and immunologic characterization. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and functional assays were used to assess osteomimicry. RESULTS Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers showed that CD44v8-10pos PC3 cells surprisingly display epithelial phenotype and can undergo osteomimicry, acquiring bone cell phenotypic and behavioral traits. Use of specific siRNA evidenced the ability of CD44v8-10 variant to confer osteomimetic features, hence the potential to form bone-specific metastasis. Moreover, the ability of tumors to activate immunosuppressive mechanisms which counteract effective immune responses is a sign of the aggressiveness of a tumor. Here we report that CD44v8-10pos cells express programmed death ligand 1, a negative regulator of anticancer immunity, and secrete exceptionally high amounts of interleukin-6, favoring osteoclastogenesis and immunosuppression in bone microenvironment. Notably, we identified a novel pathway activated by CD44v8-10, involving tafazzin (TAZ) and likely the Wnt/TAZ axis, known to play a role in upregulating osteomimetic genes. CONCLUSIONS CD44v8-10 could represent a marker of a more aggressive bone metastatic PC population exerting a driver role in osteomimicry in bone. A novel link between TAZ and CD44v8-10 is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria A. Fontanella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Sideri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Stefano
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine – “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Padula
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Paola De Cesaris
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
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17
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Rossi M, Battafarano G, De Martino V, Scillitani A, Minisola S, Del Fattore A. Looking for new anabolic treatment from rare diseases of bone formation. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:R29-R40. [PMID: 33258798 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodelling is a complex mechanism regulated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts and perturbation of this process leads to the onset of diseases, which may be characterised by altered bone erosion or formation. In this review, we will describe some bone formation-related disorders as sclerosteosis, van Buchem disease, hypophosphatasia and Camurati-Engelmann disease. In the past decades, the research focused on these rare disorders offered the opportunity to understand important pathways regulating bone formation. Thus, the identification of the molecular defects behind the etiopathology of these diseases will open the way for new therapeutic approaches applicable also to the management of more common bone diseases including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Endocrinology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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18
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Battafarano G, Rossi M, De Martino V, Marampon F, Borro L, Secinaro A, Del Fattore A. Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031128. [PMID: 33498786 PMCID: PMC7865467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a regenerative organ characterized by self-renewal ability. Indeed, it is a very dynamic tissue subjected to continuous remodeling in order to preserve its structure and function. However, in clinical practice, impaired bone healing can be observed in patients and medical intervention is needed to regenerate the tissue via the use of natural bone grafts or synthetic bone grafts. The main elements required for tissue engineering include cells, growth factors and a scaffold material to support them. Three different materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) can be used to create a scaffold suitable for bone regeneration. Several cell types have been investigated in combination with biomaterials. In this review, we describe the options available for bone regeneration, focusing on tissue engineering strategies based on the use of different biomaterials combined with cells and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Borro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-859-3740
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Lin YC, Niceta M, Muto V, Vona B, Pagnamenta AT, Maroofian R, Beetz C, van Duyvenvoorde H, Dentici ML, Lauffer P, Vallian S, Ciolfi A, Pizzi S, Bauer P, Grüning NM, Bellacchio E, Del Fattore A, Petrini S, Shaheen R, Tiosano D, Halloun R, Pode-Shakked B, Albayrak HM, Işık E, Wit JM, Dittrich M, Freire BL, Bertola DR, Jorge AAL, Barel O, Sabir AH, Al Tenaiji AMJ, Taji SM, Al-Sannaa N, Al-Abdulwahed H, Digilio MC, Irving M, Anikster Y, Bhavani GSL, Girisha KM, Haaf T, Taylor JC, Dallapiccola B, Alkuraya FS, Yang RB, Tartaglia M. SCUBE3 loss-of-function causes a recognizable recessive developmental disorder due to defective bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:115-133. [PMID: 33308444 PMCID: PMC7820739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) is a member of a small family of multifunctional cell surface-anchored glycoproteins functioning as co-receptors for a variety of growth factors. Here we report that bi-allelic inactivating variants in SCUBE3 have pleiotropic consequences on development and cause a previously unrecognized syndromic disorder. Eighteen affected individuals from nine unrelated families showed a consistent phenotype characterized by reduced growth, skeletal features, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and dental anomalies. In vitro functional validation studies demonstrated a variable impact of disease-causing variants on transcript processing, protein secretion and function, and their dysregulating effect on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. We show that SCUBE3 acts as a BMP2/BMP4 co-receptor, recruits the BMP receptor complexes into raft microdomains, and positively modulates signaling possibly by augmenting the specific interactions between BMPs and BMP type I receptors. Scube3-/- mice showed craniofacial and dental defects, reduced body size, and defective endochondral bone growth due to impaired BMP-mediated chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, recapitulating the human disorder. Our findings identify a human disease caused by defective function of a member of the SCUBE family, and link SCUBE3 to processes controlling growth, morphogenesis, and bone and teeth development through modulation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Charn Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110301 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 115201 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Muto
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE London, UK
| | | | - Hermine van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Lauffer
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sadeq Vallian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan, 8174673441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dov Tiosano
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Healthcare Campus, 352540 Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, 352540 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rana Halloun
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Healthcare Campus, 352540 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hatice Mutlu Albayrak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gaziantep Cengiz Gökcek Maternity & Children's Hospital, 27010 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Emregül Işık
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gaziantep Cengiz Gökcek Maternity & Children's Hospital, 27010 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruna L Freire
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora R Bertola
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05403000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ortal Barel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ataf H Sabir
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT London, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, B4 6NH Birmingham, UK
| | - Amal M J Al Tenaiji
- Department of Paediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, 51900 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaima M Taji
- Department of Paediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, 51900 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Yair Anikster
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel; Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gandham S L Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 115201 Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110301 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112304, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Pepe J, Colangelo L, Sonato C, Occhiuto M, Ferrara C, Del Fattore A, Santori R, Mastrantonio M, Sgreccia A, Minisola S, Cipriani C. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH NORMOCALCEMIC PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM COMPARED WITH FINDINGS IN HYPERCALCEMIC PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROID PATIENTS AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. Endocr Pract 2020; 27:21-26. [PMID: 33475498 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2020-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no data regarding echocardiographic parameters in patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NCPHPT). We compared the echocardiographic findings in postmenopausal women with NCPHPT with those in patients with hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and controls. METHODS Seventeen consecutive Caucasian postmenopausal women with NCPHPT were compared with 20 women with hypercalcemic PHPT and 20 controls. Obesity, diabetes, kidney failure, and previous cardiovascular diseases were considered exclusion criteria. Each patient underwent biochemical evaluation, bone mineral density scan, and echocardiographic measurements. Patients with parathyroid disorders underwent kidney ultrasound evaluation. RESULTS Patients with PHPT had significantly higher mean total serum calcium, ionized calcium, 24-hour urinary calcium, and parathyroid hormone and lower mean phosphorus levels compared with those in the controls (all P < .05). The only differences between patients with NCPHPT and PHPT were significantly lower mean total serum calcium, ionized calcium, and 24-hour urinary calcium and higher phosphorus levels in patients with NCPHPT (all P < .05). The only biochemical difference between patients with NCPHPT and the controls was a higher level of mean parathyroid hormone in patients with NCPHPT. There were no differences in cardiovascular risk factors between patients with NCPHPT and PHPT and the controls. Hypertension was the most frequent cardiovascular risk factor, diagnosed in 65% of patients with PHPT. This high prevalence was not statistically significant compared with that observed in patients with NCPHPT (59%) and in the controls (30%). Echocardiography parameters were not different between patients with NCPHPT and PHPT and the controls when subdivided according to the presence of hypertension (ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSION In a population with a low cardiovascular risk, we found no differences in cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic parameters between patients with NCPHPT and PHPT and the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pepe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luciano Colangelo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sonato
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Occhiuto
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ferrara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Santori
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Mastrantonio
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgreccia
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Rossi M, De Martino V, Battafarano G, Mariani E, Cesarini V, Minisola S, Gallo A, Del Fattore A. The effect of ADAR2 in osteosarcoma. Bone Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Rossi M, Rana I, Battafarano G, Mariani E, De Martino V, De Vito R, D'Agostini M, Macchiaiolo M, Gonfiantini MV, Jenkner A, Buonuomo PS, Bartuli A, Del Fattore A. Highlighting the bone cells alterations in Gorham-Stout Disease. Bone Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Montaseri A, Giampietri C, Rossi M, Riccioli A, Fattore AD, Filippini A. The Role of Autophagy in Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption Function. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1398. [PMID: 33008140 PMCID: PMC7601508 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved and highly regulated recycling process of cellular wastes. Having a housekeeping role, autophagy through the digestion of domestic cytosolic organelles, proteins, macromolecules, and pathogens, eliminates unnecessary materials and provides nutrients and energy for cell survival and maintenance. The critical role of autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and maintenance of bone homeostasis has previously been reported. Increasing evidence reveals that autophagy dysregulation leads to alteration of osteoclast function and enhanced bone loss, which is associated with the onset and progression of osteoporosis. In this review, we briefly consolidate the current state-of-the-art technology regarding the role of autophagy in osteoclast function in both physiologic and pathologic conditions to have a more general view on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Montaseri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.R.); (A.F.)
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Petragnano F, Pietrantoni I, Di Nisio V, Fasciani I, Del Fattore A, Capalbo C, Cheleschi S, Tini P, Orelli S, Codenotti S, Mazzei MA, D'Ermo G, Pannitteri G, Tombolini M, De Cesaris P, Riccioli A, Filippini A, Milazzo L, Vulcano F, Fanzani A, Maggio R, Marampon F, Tombolini V. Modulating the dose-rate differently affects the responsiveness of human epithelial prostate- and mesenchymal rhabdomyosarcoma-cancer cell line to radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:823-835. [PMID: 32149569 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1739774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT), by using ionizing radiation (IR), destroys cancer cells inducing DNA damage. Despite several studies are continuously performed to identify the best curative dose of IR, the role of dose-rate, IR delivered per unit of time, on tumor control is still largely unknown.Materials and methods: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines were irradiated with 2 or 10 Gy delivered at dose-rates of 1.5, 2.5, 5.5 and 10.1 Gy/min. Cell-survival rate and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by clonogenic assays and flow cytometry, respectively. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assessed the expression of anti-oxidant-related factors including NRF2, SODs, CAT and GPx4 and miRNAs (miR-22, -126, -210, -375, -146a, -34a). Annexin V and caspase-8, -9 and -3 activity were assessed to characterize cell death. Senescence was determined by assessing β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Immunoblotting was performed to assess the expression/activation of: i) phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX), markers of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs); ii) p19Kip1/Cip1, p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1/Cip1, senescence-related-markers; iii) p62, LC3-I and LC3-II, regulators of autophagy; iv) ATM, RAD51, DNA-PKcs, Ku70 and Ku80, mediators of DSBs repair.Results: Low dose-rate (LDR) more efficiently induced apoptosis and senescence in RMS while high dose-rate (HDR) necrosis in PCa. This paralleled with a lower ability of LDR-RMS and HDR-PCa irradiated cells to activate DSBs repair. Modulating the dose rate did not differently affect the anti-oxidant ability of cancer cells.Conclusion: The present results indicate that a stronger cytotoxic effect was induced by modulating the dose-rate in a cancer cell-dependent manner, this suggesting that choose the dose-rate based on the individual patient's tumor characteristics could be strategic for effective RT exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pietrantoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Unit Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cheleschi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Tini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Unit of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Orelli
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Oncology, Anatomopathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe D'Ermo
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pannitteri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Tombolini
- Department of Sense Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Cesaris
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Milazzo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vulcano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Oncology, Anatomopathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Oncology, Anatomopathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinological Oncology, Service of Endocrinology, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelie E. Coudert
- BIOSCAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Del Fattore
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26
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Rossi M, Buonuomo PS, Battafarano G, Conforti A, Mariani E, Algeri M, Pelle S, D'Agostini M, Macchiaiolo M, De Vito R, Gonfiantini MV, Jenkner A, Rana I, Bartuli A, Del Fattore A. Dissecting the mechanisms of bone loss in Gorham-Stout disease. Bone 2020; 130:115068. [PMID: 31525474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis and angiomatous proliferation. Since the mechanisms leading to bone loss in GSD are not completely understood, we performed histological, serum, cellular and molecular analyses of 7 patients. Increased vessels, osteoclast number and osteocyte lacunar area were revealed in patients' bone biopsies. Biochemical analysis of sera showed high levels of ICTP, Sclerostin, VEGF-A and IL-6. In vitro experiments revealed increased osteoclast differentiation and activity, and impaired mineralization ability of osteoblasts. To evaluate the involvement of systemic factors in GSD, control cells were treated with patients' sera and displayed an increase of osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption activity and a reduction of osteoblast function. Interestingly, GSD sera stimulated the vessel formation by endothelial cells EA.hy926. These results suggest that bone cell autonomous alterations with the cooperation of systemic factors are involved in massive bone loss and angiomatous proliferation observed in GSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eda Mariani
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Jenkner
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ippolita Rana
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Paolini A, Battafarano G, D'Oria V, Mura F, Sennato S, Mussi V, Risoluti R, Materazzi S, Del Fattore A, Masotti A. A 3D-Printed Multi-Chamber Device Allows Culturing Cells On Buckypapers Coated With PAMAM Dendrimer And Obtain Innovative Materials For Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9295-9306. [PMID: 31819431 PMCID: PMC6890209 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s224819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advent of 3D printing technology allowed the realization of custom devices that can be used not only in the everyday life but also in the nanotechnology and biomedical fields. In nanotechnology, the use of bi-dimensional nanostructures based on carbon nanotubes, generally referred as buckypapers, have received considerable attention for their versatility and potential application in many biomedical fields. Unfortunately, buckypapers are extremely hydrophobic and cannot be used in aqueous media to culture cells. Methods A polymeric device able to accommodate buckypapers and facilitate cell growth was fabricated by using 3D printing technology. We imparted hydrophilicity to buckypapers by coating them with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Results We found that by using novel techniques such as polymer coating the buckypaper hydrophilicity increased, whereas the use of 3D printing technology allowed us to obtain custom devices that have been used to culture cells on buckypapers for many days. We characterized in details the morphology of these structures and studied for the first time the kinetic of cell proliferation. We found that these scaffolds, if properly functionalized, are suitable materials to grow cells for long time and potentially employable in the biomedical field. Conclusion Although these materials are cytotoxic under certain circumstances, we have found a suitable coating and specific experimental conditions that encourage using buckypapers as novel scaffolds for cell growth and for potential applications in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paolini
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Research Laboratories, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Research Laboratories, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Research Laboratories, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesco Mura
- Center for Nanotechnology for Engineering (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- CNR-ISC UOS Sapienza and Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Valentina Mussi
- National Research Council, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems IMM-CNR, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Stefano Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Research Laboratories, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Research Laboratories, Rome 00146, Italy
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Niceta M, Barbuti D, Gupta N, Ruggiero C, Tizzano EF, Graul‐Neumann L, Barresi S, Nishimura G, Valenzuela I, López‐Grondona F, Fernandez‐Alvarez P, Leoni C, Zweier C, Tzschach A, Stellacci E, Del Fattore A, Dallapiccola B, Zampino G, Tartaglia M. Skeletal abnormalities are common features in Aymé‐Gripp syndrome. Clin Genet 2019; 97:362-369. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome Italy
| | - Domenico Barbuti
- Radiologia e BioimagingOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome Italy
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsAll Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | | | - Eduardo F. Tizzano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases UnitUniversity Hospital Valld'Hebron, Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR Barcelona Spain
| | - Luitgard Graul‐Neumann
- Ambulantes Gesundheitszentrum HumangenetikCharité Universitäts medizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome Italy
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable DiseasesSaitama Medical University Hospital Iruma Japan
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases UnitUniversity Hospital Valld'Hebron, Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR Barcelona Spain
| | - Fermina López‐Grondona
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases UnitUniversity Hospital Valld'Hebron, Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR Barcelona Spain
| | - Paula Fernandez‐Alvarez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases UnitUniversity Hospital Valld'Hebron, Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR Barcelona Spain
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Pubblic HealthFondazione‐Policlinico‐Universitario‐A. Gemelli‐IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human GeneticsFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institute of Human Genetics FreiburgUniversity Hospital Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Emilia Stellacci
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Medicina MolecolareIstituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research AreaOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Pubblic HealthFondazione‐Policlinico‐Universitario‐A. Gemelli‐IRCCS Rome Italy
- Istituto di PediatriaUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Rome Italy
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29
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Marampon F, Di Nisio V, Pietrantoni I, Petragnano F, Fasciani I, Scicchitano BM, Ciccarelli C, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Del Fattore A, Tombolini M, De Felice F, Musio D, Cecconi S, Tini P, Maddalo M, Codenotti S, Fanzani A, Polimeni A, Maggio R, Tombolini V. Pro-differentiating and radiosensitizing effects of inhibiting HDACs by PXD-101 (Belinostat) in in vitro and in vivo models of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Rossi M, Battafarano G, Pepe J, Minisola S, Del Fattore A. The Endocrine Function of Osteocalcin Regulated by Bone Resorption: A Lesson from Reduced and Increased Bone Mass Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184502. [PMID: 31514440 PMCID: PMC6769834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a peculiar tissue subjected to a continuous process of self-renewal essential to assure the integrity of the skeleton and to explicate the endocrine functions. The study of bone diseases characterized by increased or reduced bone mass due to osteoclast alterations has been essential to understand the great role played by osteocalcin in the endocrine functions of the skeleton. The ability of osteoclasts to regulate the decarboxylation of osteocalcin and to control glucose metabolism, male fertility, and cognitive functions was demonstrated by the use of animal models. In this review we described how diseases characterized by defective and increased bone resorption activity, as osteopetrosis and osteoporosis, were essential to understand the involvement of bone tissue in whole body physiology. To translate this knowledge into humans, recently published reports on patients were described, but further studies should be performed to confirm this complex hormonal regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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31
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Battafarano G, Rossi M, Rega LR, Di Giovamberardino G, Pastore A, D'Agostini M, Porzio O, Nevo N, Emma F, Taranta A, Del Fattore A. Intrinsic Bone Defects in Cystinotic Mice. Am J Pathol 2019; 189:1053-1064. [PMID: 30794806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations of the CTNS gene, encoding cystinosin, a symporter that mediates cystine efflux from lysosomes. Approximately 95% of patients with cystinosis display renal Fanconi syndrome, short stature, osteopenia, and rickets. In this study, we investigated whether the absence of cystinosin primarily affects bone remodeling activity, apart from the influences of the Fanconi syndrome on bone mineral metabolism. Using micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric and bone serum biomarker analysis, we evaluated the bone phenotype of 1-month-old Ctns-/- knockout (KO) male mice without tubulopathy. An in vitro study was performed to characterize the effects of cystinosin deficiency on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed a reduction of trabecular bone volume, bone mineral density, and number and thickness in KO mice compared with wild-type animals; histomorphometric analysis revealed a reduction of osteoblast and osteoclast parameters in tibiae of cystinotic mice. Decreased levels of serum procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in KO mice confirmed reduced bone remodeling activity. In vitro experiments showed an impairment of Ctns-/- osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In conclusion, cystinosin deficiency primarily affects bone cells, leading to a bone loss phenotype of KO mice, independent from renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura R Rega
- Laboratories of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pastore
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Division of Genetic and Rare Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nathalie Nevo
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Emma
- Laboratories of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Subspecialities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Taranta
- Laboratories of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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32
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Marampon F, Codenotti S, Megiorni F, Del Fattore A, Camero S, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Musio D, De Felice F, Nardone V, Santoro AN, Dominici C, Fanzani A, Pirtoli L, Fioravanti A, Tombolini V, Cheleschi S, Tini P. NRF2 orchestrates the redox regulation induced by radiation therapy, sustaining embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells radioresistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:881-893. [PMID: 30701326 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cells generally exhibit higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, when stressed, tumor cells can undergo a process of 'Redox Resetting' to acquire a new redox balance with stronger antioxidant systems that enable cancer cells to become resistant to radiation therapy (RT). Here, we describe how RT affects the oxidant/antioxidant balance in human embryonal (RD) and alveolar (RH30) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines, investigating on the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Radiations were delivered using an x-6 MV photon linear accelerator and their effects were assessed by vitality and clonogenic assays. The expression of specific antioxidant-enzymes, such as Superoxide Dismutases (SODs), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidases 4 (GPx4), miRNAs (miR-22, -126, -210, -375, -146a, -34a) and the transcription factor NRF2 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blotting. RNA interference experiments were performed to evaluate the role of NRF2. RESULTS Doses of RT higher than 2 Gy significantly affected RMS clonogenic ability by increasing ROS production. RMS rapidly and efficiently brought back ROS levels by up-regulating the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, miRNAs as well as of NRF2. Silencing of NRF2 restrained the RMS ability to counteract RT-induced ROS accumulation, antioxidant enzyme and miRNA expression and was able to increase the abundance of γ-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, in RT-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest the strategic role of oxidant/antioxidant balance in restraining the therapeutic efficiency of RT in RMS treatment and identify NRF2 as a new potential molecular target whose inhibition might represent a novel radiosensitizing therapeutic strategy for RMS clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Multi-Factorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Camero
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Musio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Felice
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Dominici
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cheleschi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Tini
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sbarro Health Research Organization, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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33
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Ciccarelli C, Di Rocco A, Gravina GL, Mauro A, Festuccia C, Del Fattore A, Berardinelli P, De Felice F, Musio D, Bouché M, Tombolini V, Zani BM, Marampon F. Disruption of MEK/ERK/c-Myc signaling radiosensitizes prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1685-1699. [PMID: 29959569 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) cell radioresistance causes the failure of radiation therapy (RT) in localized or locally advanced disease. The aberrant accumulation of c-Myc oncoprotein, known to promote PCa onset and progression, may be due to the control of gene transcription and/or MEK/ERK-regulated protein stabilization. Here, we investigated the role of MEK/ERK signaling in PCa. METHODS LnCAP, 22Rv1, DU145, and PC3 PCa cell lines were used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. U0126, trametinib MEK/ERK inhibitors, and c-Myc shRNAs were used. Radiation was delivered using an x-6 MV photon linear accelerator. U0126 in vivo activity alone or in combination with irradiation was determined in murine xenografts. RESULTS Inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling down-regulated c-Myc protein in PCa cell lines to varying extents by affecting expression of RNA and protein, which in turn determined radiosensitization in in vitro and in vivo xenograft models of PCa cells. The crucial role played by c-Myc in the MEK/ERK pathways was demonstrated in 22Rv1 cells by the silencing of c-Myc by means of short hairpin mRNA, which yielded effects resembling the targeting of MEK/ERK signaling. The clinically approved compound trametinib used in vitro yielded the same effects as U0126 on growth and C-Myc expression. Notably, U0126 and trametinib induced a drastic down-regulation of BMX, which is known to prevent apoptosis in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that signal transduction-based therapy can, by disrupting the MEK/ERK/c-Myc axis, reduce human PCa radioresistance caused by increased c-Myc expression in vivo and in vitro and restores apoptosis signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Ciccarelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Multi-Factorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca De Felice
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Human Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Musio
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Human Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Unit of Histology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Unit of Histology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Zani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy. .,Unit of Histology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Mancini A, Colapietro A, Pompili S, Del Fattore A, Delle Monache S, Biordi LA, Angelucci A, Mattei V, Liang C, Gravina GL, Festuccia C. Dual PI3 K/mTOR inhibition reduces prostate cancer bone engraftment altering tumor-induced bone remodeling. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318771773. [PMID: 29687745 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318771773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity in advanced prostate cancer patients is largely associated with bone metastatic events. The development of novel therapeutic strategies is imperative in order to effectively treat this incurable stage of the malignancy. In this context, Akt signaling pathway represents a promising therapeutic target able to counteract biochemical recurrence and metastatic progression in prostate cancer. We explored the therapeutic potential of a novel dual PI3 K/mTOR inhibitor, X480, to inhibit tumor growth and bone colonization using different in vivo prostate cancer models including the subcutaneous injection of aggressive and bone metastatic (PC3) and non-bone metastatic (22rv1) cell lines and preclinical models known to generate bone lesions. We observed that X480 both inhibited the primary growth of subcutaneous tumors generated by PC3 and 22rv1 cells and reduced bone spreading of PCb2, a high osteotropic PC3 cell derivative. In metastatic bone, X480 inhibited significantly the growth and osteolytic activity of PC3 cells as observed by intratibial injection model. X480 also increased the bone disease-free survival compared to untreated animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that X480 was effective in counteracting osteoclastogenesis whereas it stimulated osteoblast activity. Our report provides novel information on the potential activity of PI3 K/Akt inhibitors on the formation and progression of prostate cancer bone metastases and supports a biological rationale for the use of these inhibitors in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients at high risk of developing clinically evident bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- 2 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Simona Delle Monache
- 4 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leda Assunta Biordi
- 5 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- 6 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- 7 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas," Rieti, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- 9 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology Oncology; University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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35
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Rossi M, Battafarano G, D'Agostini M, Del Fattore A. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041136. [PMID: 29642618 PMCID: PMC5979436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of cancer have the specific ability to home to the bone microenvironment and cause metastatic lesions. Despite being the focus of intense investigation, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the metastasis of disseminated tumor cells still remain largely unknown. Bone metastases severely impact quality of life since they are associated with pain, fractures, and bone marrow aplasia. In this review, we will summarize the recent discoveries on the role of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the regulation of bone remodeling activity and bone metastasis occurrence. Indeed, it was shown that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, released from tumor cells can modify the bone microenvironment, allowing the formation of osteolytic, osteosclerotic, and mixed mestastases. In turn, bone-derived EV can stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells. The inhibition of EV-mediated crosstalk between cancer and bone cells could represent a new therapeutic target for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo D'Agostini
- Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
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36
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Dabrowska S, Del Fattore A, Karnas E, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Kozlowska H, Muraca M, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Imaging of extracellular vesicles derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using fluorescent and magnetic labels. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1653-1664. [PMID: 29593411 PMCID: PMC5865569 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown therapeutic in various neurological disorders. Recent studies support the notion that the predominant mechanism by which MSCs act is through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs seem to have similar therapeutic activity as their cellular counterparts and may represent an interesting alternative standalone therapy for various diseases. The aim of the study was to optimize the method of EV imaging to better understand therapeutic effects mediated by EVs. Methods The fluorescent lipophilic stain PKH26 and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with rhodamine (Molday ION Rhodamine B™) were used for the labeling of vesicles in human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs). The entire cycle from intracellular vesicles to EVs followed by their uptake by hBM-MSCs has been studied. The identity of vesicles has been proven by antibodies against: anti-CD9, -CD63, and -CD81 (tetraspanins). NanoSight particle tracking analysis (NTA), high-resolution flow cytometric analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ELYRA PS.1 super-resolution microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used for the characterization of vesicles. Results The PKH26 and Molday ION were exclusively localized in intracellular vesicles positively stained for EV markers: CD9, CD63, and CD81. The isolated EVs represent heterogeneous population of various sizes as confirmed by NTA. The TEM and MRI were capable to show successful labeling of EVs using ION. Co-culture of EVs with hBM-MSCs revealed their uptake by cells in vitro, as visualized by the co-localization of PKH26 or Molday ION with tetraspanins inside hBM-MSCs. Conclusion PKH26 and Molday ION seem to be biocompatible with EVs, and the labeling did not interfere with the capability of EVs to re-enter hBM-MSCs during co-culture in vitro. Magnetic properties of IONs provide an additional advantage for the imaging of EV using TEM and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Kozlowska
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Luciano R, Battafarano G, Saracino R, Rossi M, Perrotta A, Manco M, Muraca M, Del Fattore A. New Perspectives in Glioblastoma: Nanoparticles-based Approaches. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2017; 17:203-220. [PMID: 27528362 DOI: 10.2174/1568009616666160813190732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme represents one of the most aggressive tumor of central nervous system. Current therapy includes surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. These treatments are rarely curative and glioma are associated with a poor prognosis. Nanomedicine represents the most innovative branch of medicine since many studies demonstrated great advantage in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases. In this review we will summarize the results obtained by the use of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma. A great interest is raising from these studies that underlined the efficacy and specificity of this treatment for glioma, reducing side-effects associated with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Multi-Factorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
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Megiorni F, Gravina GL, Camero S, Ceccarelli S, Del Fattore A, Desiderio V, Papaccio F, McDowell HP, Shukla R, Pizzuti A, Beirinckx F, Pujuguet P, Saniere L, der Aar EV, Maggio R, De Felice F, Marchese C, Dominici C, Tombolini V, Festuccia C, Marampon F. Pharmacological targeting of the ephrin receptor kinase signalling by GLPG1790 in vitro and in vivo reverts oncophenotype, induces myogenic differentiation and radiosensitizes embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:161. [PMID: 28985758 PMCID: PMC6389084 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EPH (erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular) receptors are clinically relevant targets in several malignancies. This report describes the effects of GLPG1790, a new potent pan-EPH inhibitor, in human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) cell lines. Methods EPH-A2 and Ephrin-A1 mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR in 14 ERMS tumour samples and in normal skeletal muscle (NSM). GLPG1790 effects were tested in RD and TE671 cell lines, two in vitro models of ERMS, by performing flow cytometry analysis, Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. RNA interfering experiments were performed to assess the role of specific EPH receptors. Radiations were delivered using an x-6 MV photon linear accelerator. GLPG1790 (30 mg/kg) in vivo activity alone or in combination with irradiation (2 Gy) was determined in murine xenografts. Results Our study showed, for the first time, a significant upregulation of EPH-A2 receptor and Ephrin-A1 ligand in ERMS primary biopsies in comparison to NSM. GLPG1790 in vitro induced G1-growth arrest as demonstrated by Rb, Cyclin A and Cyclin B1 decrease, as well as by p21 and p27 increment. GLPG1790 reduced migratory capacity and clonogenic potential of ERMS cells, prevented rhabdosphere formation and downregulated CD133, CXCR4 and Nanog stem cell markers. Drug treatment committed ERMS cells towards skeletal muscle differentiation by inducing a myogenic-like phenotype and increasing MYOD1, Myogenin and MyHC levels. Furthermore, GLPG1790 significantly radiosensitized ERMS cells by impairing the DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Silencing of both EPH-A2 and EPH-B2, two receptors preferentially targeted by GLPG1790, closely matched the effects of the EPH pharmacological inhibition. GLPG1790 and radiation combined treatments reduced tumour mass by 83% in mouse TE671 xenografts. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that altered EPH signalling plays a key role in ERMS development and that its pharmacological inhibition might represent a potential therapeutic strategy to impair stemness and to rescue myogenic program in ERMS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Camero
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Multi-Factorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embriology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery "F. Magrassi A. Lanzara", Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Heather P McDowell
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajeev Shukla
- Department of Perinatal and Paediatric Pathology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filip Beirinckx
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, General De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Philippe Pujuguet
- Galapagos France, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230, Romainville, France
| | - Laurent Saniere
- Galapagos France, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230, Romainville, France
| | - Ellen Van der Aar
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, General De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca De Felice
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dominici
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Fierabracci A, Del Fattore A, Muraca M. The Immunoregulatory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: 'State of Art' and 'Future Avenues'. Curr Med Chem 2017; 23:3014-3024. [PMID: 27356536 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160627112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are spindle-like plastic adherent multipotent cells that can differentiate into multiple specialized cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. They were isolated from many tissues and organs and they contribute to the maintenance and regeneration of several tissues. Besides their ability of self-renewal, they have recently been shown to have a clinical/therapeutic potential particularly for their immunomodulatory properties. Indeed recent studies suggested a potential application of MSCs for the treatment of experimental autoimmune disorders. It was demonstrated that their effects are in part mediated by the release of soluble factors or extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, stimulating or inhibiting target cells. This review will describe the secretome of MSCs, pointing the attention on the components relevant for their immunodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Luciano R, Shashaj B, Spreghini M, Del Fattore A, Rustico C, Wietrzykowska Sforza R, Morino GS, Dallapiccola B, Manco M. Percentiles of serum uric acid and cardiometabolic abnormalities in obese Italian children and adolescents. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:3. [PMID: 28049502 PMCID: PMC5209902 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association of serum uric acid (SUA) with cardiometabolic abnormalities in Caucasian overweight/obese children (<10 years of age) versus adolescents (≥10 years of age) by drawing age and gender specific percentiles of uric acid. METHODS Cross-sectional evaluation of 1364 Caucasian overweight/obese patients (age 4.1-17.9 years; 726 males, 53%; 560 children, 41%). RESULTS SUA levels were significantly lower in children than in adolescents (4.74 ± 1.05 vs. 5.52 ± 1.49 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and peaked in 12-14 years-old boys and 10-12 years-old girls. In children with levels of SUA in the highest quartile (N = 75, 13%), OR for high triglycerides was 4.145, 95% CI 1.506-11.407 (p = 0.009). In adolescents with SUA in the highest quartile (N = 274, 34%), ORs for insulin resistance was 2.399 (95%CI 1.4-4.113; p < 0.001); for impaired fasting glucose 2.184 (95% CI 0.877-5.441; p = 0.07); for impaired glucose tolerance 2.390 (95% CI 1.405-4.063; p = 0.001); and for high triglycerides 1.8, (95%CI 0.950-3.420; p = 0.05). Multivariable random-effect linear regression models demonstrated that waist circumference and age (p < 0.0001 for both) are the variables most significantly predicting SUA levels, followed by triglycerides (p = 0.005) and 2 h glucose (p = 0.03) while HOMA-IR and BMI z-score did not predict SUA. CONCLUSIONS High uric acid is associated with metabolic abnormalities and particularly with waist circumference very early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Luciano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Blegina Shashaj
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmela Rustico
- Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Melania Manco
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy. .,Scientific Directorate, Research Unit for Multifactorial Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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41
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Saracino R, Luciano R, Battafarano G, Perrotta A, Muraca M, Del Fattore A. Nanoparticles-Based Treatment for Bone Metastasis. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 17:303-10. [PMID: 25915486 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150427154706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the principal site of metastasis for many carcinomas, including prostate. Once bone metastases are established, the chances of survival dramatically drop. Bone metastases place patients at increased risk of skeletal-related events, including pathologic fractures, bone pain and hypercalcemia. Indeed, skeletal metastases represent the prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality for many tumors. They are the result of interactions among tumour cells, bone marrow environment and bone cells (vicious cycle). In the last few years many efforts were undertaken to identify new therapeutic approaches for bone metastasis. Current therapies target the several players of bone vicious cycle. However many adverse effects are associated with these treatments. This review will focus on the new emerging sector of nanomedicine, that could be important to identify more specific and safe treatments for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Viale di San Paolo 15 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Fierabracci A, Del Fattore A, Muraca M, Delfino DV, Muraca M. The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Autoimmunity: From Animals Models to Human Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2016. [PMID: 26201487 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150722140633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent progenitors able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. These cells also exhibit remarkable immune regulatory properties, which stimulated both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms as well as extensive clinical applications. Here, we describe the effects of MSCs on immune cells and their application in animal models as well as in clinical trials of autoimmune diseases. It should be pointed out that, while the number of clinical applications is increasing steadily, results should be interpreted with caution, in order to avoid rising false expectations. Major issues conditioning clinical application are the heterogeneity of MSCs and their unpredictable behavior following therapeutic administration. However, increasing knowledge on the interaction between exogenous cell and host tissue, as well as some encouraging clinical observations suggest that the therapeutic applications of MSCs will be further expanded on firmer grounds in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fierabracci
- Immunology and Pharmacotherapy Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale S. Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Divisato G, Formicola D, Esposito T, Merlotti D, Pazzaglia L, Del Fattore A, Siris E, Orcel P, Brown JP, Nuti R, Strazzullo P, Benassi MS, Cancela ML, Michou L, Rendina D, Gennari L, Gianfrancesco F. ZNF687 Mutations in Severe Paget Disease of Bone Associated with Giant Cell Tumor. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:275-86. [PMID: 26849110 PMCID: PMC4746367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a skeletal disorder characterized by focal abnormalities of bone remodeling, which result in enlarged and deformed bones in one or more regions of the skeleton. In some cases, the pagetic tissue undergoes neoplastic transformation, resulting in osteosarcoma and, less frequently, in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). We performed whole-exome sequencing in a large family with 14 PDB-affected members, four of whom developed GCT at multiple pagetic skeletal sites, and we identified the c.2810C>G (p.Pro937Arg) missense mutation in the zinc finger protein 687 gene (ZNF687). The mutation precisely co-segregated with the clinical phenotype in all affected family members. The sequencing of seven unrelated individuals with GCT associated with PDB (GCT/PDB) identified the same mutation in all individuals, unravelling a founder effect. ZNF687 is highly expressed during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis and is dramatically upregulated in the tumor tissue of individuals with GCT/PDB. Interestingly, our preliminary findings showed that ZNF687, indicated as a target gene of the NFkB transcription factor by ChIP-seq analysis, is also upregulated in the peripheral blood of PDB-affected individuals with (n = 5) or without (n = 6) mutations in SQSTM1, encouraging additional studies to investigate its potential role as a biomarker of PDB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Divisato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Formicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Ethel Siris
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Philippe Orcel
- Pôle Appareil Locomoteur, Service de Rhumatologie B, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75010, France
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC 42178, Canada
| | - Ranuccio Nuti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine and Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Michou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC 42178, Canada
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Del Fattore A, Luciano R, Pascucci L, Goffredo BM, Giorda E, Scapaticci M, Fierabracci A, Muraca M. Immunoregulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on T Lymphocytes. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2615-27. [PMID: 25695896 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is largely mediated by paracrine factors. We have recently shown that the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture can be reproduced by extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from MSC culture supernatants. Here we investigated the effect of bone marrow-derived MSC-EVs on T cells on PBMC cultures stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. Stimulation increased the number of proliferating CD3(+) cells as well as of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Coculture with MSCs inhibited the proliferation of CD3(+) cells, with no significant changes in apoptosis. Addition of MSC-EVs to PBMCs did not affect proliferation of CD3(+) cells, but induced the apoptosis of CD3(+) cells and of the CD4(+) subpopulation and increased the proliferation and the apoptosis of Tregs. Moreover, MSC-EV treatment increased the Treg/Teff ratio and the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 concentration in culture medium. The activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an established mediator of MSC immunosuppressive effects, was increased in supernatants of PBMCs cocultured with MSCs, but was not affected by the presence of MSC-EVs. MSC-EVs demonstrate immunomodulatory effects on T cells in vitro. However, these effects and the underlying mechanisms appear to be different from those exhibited by their cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Amélie Coudert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- UOS/IRGB, Milan Unit, National Research Council (CNR), 20138 Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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Coudert AE, de Vernejoul MC, Muraca M, Del Fattore A. Osteopetrosis and its relevance for the discovery of new functions associated with the skeleton. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:372156. [PMID: 25873953 PMCID: PMC4385565 DOI: 10.1155/2015/372156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an increase of bone mass due to defective osteoclast function. Patients typically displayed spontaneous fractures, anemia, and in the most severe forms hepatosplenomegaly and compression of cranial facial nerves leading to deafness and blindness. Osteopetrosis comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases as several forms are known with different models of inheritance and severity from asymptomatic to lethal. This review summarizes the genetic and clinical features of osteopetrosis, emphasizing how recent studies of this disease have contributed to understanding the central role of the skeleton in the whole body physiology. In particular, the interplay of bone with the stomach, insulin metabolism, male fertility, the immune system, bone marrow, and fat is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie E. Coudert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Maurizio Muraca
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- *Andrea Del Fattore:
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47
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Del Fattore A, Luciano R, Saracino R, Battafarano G, Rizzo C, Pascucci L, Alessandri G, Pessina A, Perrotta A, Fierabracci A, Muraca M. Differential effects of extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells from different sources on glioblastoma cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:495-504. [PMID: 25539575 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.997706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glial tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme, account for 15 - 20% of pediatric CNS malignancies. They are most resistant to therapy and are associated with a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE Given the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to affect glioma growth, we investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs on U87MG glioblastoma cells line. METHODS EVs were isolated from culture media of MSCs from different sources, including bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord (UC) and adipose tissue (AT) and added to U87MG culture. The internalization and the effects of BM-, UC- and AT-MSC-EVs on proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells were evaluated. RESULTS Both confocal microscopy and FACS analysis showed internalization of EVs into tumor cells. BM- and UC-MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation, while an opposite effect was observed with AT-MSC-EVs. Moreover, both BM- and UC-MSC-EVs induced apoptosis of glioblastoma cells, while AT-MSC-EVs had no effect. Loading UC-MSC-EVs with Vincristine further increased cytotoxicity when compared both to the free drug and to untreated EVs. CONCLUSIONS Different effects of MSC-EVs on cancer cells were observed depending on their tissue of origin. Moreover, MSC-EVs can deliver antiblastic drugs to glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Fattore
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Unit, IRCCS , Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome 00165 , Italy
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Barvencik F, Kurth I, Koehne T, Stauber T, Zustin J, Tsiakas K, Ludwig CF, Beil FT, Pestka JM, Hahn M, Santer R, Supanchart C, Kornak U, Del Fattore A, Jentsch TJ, Teti A, Schulz A, Schinke T, Amling M. CLCN7 and TCIRG1 mutations differentially affect bone matrix mineralization in osteopetrotic individuals. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:982-91. [PMID: 24108692 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is an inherited disorder of impaired bone resorption, with the most commonly affected genes being CLCN7 and TCIRG1, encoding the Cl(-) /H(+) exchanger CLC-7 and the a3 subunit of the vacuolar H(+) -ATPase, respectively. We and others have previously shown that the disease is frequently accompanied by osteomalacia, and that this additional pathology is also found in Tcirg1-deficient oc/oc mice. The remaining question was whether osteoid enrichment is specifically associated with TCIRG1 inactivation, or whether CLCN7 mutations would also cause skeletal mineralization defects. Here we describe a complete osteologic assessment of one family carrying a novel mutation in CLCN7 (D145G), which impairs the activation and relaxation kinetics of the CLC-7 ion transporter. The two siblings carrying the mutation in the homozygous state displayed high bone mass, increased serum levels of bone formation markers, but no impairment of calcium homeostasis when compared to the other family members. Most importantly, however, undecalcified processing of an iliac crest biopsy from one of the affected children clearly demonstrated a pathological increase of trabecular bone mass, but no signs of osteomalacia. Given the potential relevance of these findings we additionally performed undecalcified histology of iliac crest biopsies from seven additional cases with osteopetrosis caused by a mutation in TNFRSF11A (n=1), CLCN7 (n=3), or TCIRG1 (n=3). Here we observed that all cases with TCIRG1-dependent osteopetrosis displayed severe osteoid accumulation and decreased calcium content within the mineralized matrix. In contrast, there was no detectable bone mineralization defect in the cases with TNFRSF11A-dependent or CLCN7-dependent osteopetrosis. Taken together, our analysis demonstrates that CLCN7 and TCIRG1 mutations differentially affect bone matrix mineralization, and that there is a need to modify the current classification of osteopetrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Coudert AE, Del Fattore A, Baulard C, Olaso R, Schiltz C, Collet C, Teti A, de Vernejoul MC. Differentially expressed genes in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II osteoclasts reveal known and novel pathways for osteoclast biology. J Transl Med 2014; 94:275-85. [PMID: 24336069 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II (ADO II) is a rare, heritable bone disorder characterized by a high bone mass and insufficient osteoclast activity. Mutations in the CLCN7 gene have been reported to cause ADO II. To gain novel insights into the pathways dysregulated in ADOII osteoclasts, we identified changes in gene expression in osteoclasts from patients with a heterozygous mutation of CLCN7. To do this, we carried out a transcriptomic study comparing gene expression in the osteoclasts of patients with ADO II and healthy donors. Our data show that, according to our selection criteria, 182 genes were differentially expressed in osteoclasts from patients and controls. From the 18 displaying the highest change in microarray, we confirmed differential expression for seven by qPCR. Although two of them have previously been found to be expressed in osteoclasts (ITGB5 and SERPINE2), the other five (CES1 (carboxyl esterase 1), UCHL1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal esterase L1, also known as ubiquitin thiolesterase), WARS (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase), GBP4 (guanylate-binding protein 4), and PRF1) are not yet known to have a role in this cell type. At the protein level, we confirmed elevated expression of ITGB5 and reduced expression of WARS, PRF1, and SERPINE2. Transfection of ClC-7 harboring the G215R mutation into osteoclasts resulted in an increased ITGB5 and reduced PRF1 expression of borderline significance. Finally, we observed that the ADO II patients presented a normal or increased serum level of bone formation markers, demonstrating a coupling between dysfunctional osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Sphingosine kinase 1 mRNA was expressed at the same level in ADO II and control osteoclasts. In conclusion, these data suggest that in addition to an acidification dysfunction caused by the CLCN7 mutation, a change in ITGB5, PRF1, WARS, and SERPINE2 expression could be part of the osteoclastic phenotype of ADO II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie E Coudert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Céline Baulard
- CEA-Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- CEA-Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
| | - Corinne Schiltz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France [2] Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine de Vernejoul
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France [2] INSERM U606, Os et articulations, Bâtiment Viggo Petersen, Secteur Viole, Fédération de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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50
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Alam I, Gray AK, Chu K, Ichikawa S, Mohammad KS, Capannolo M, Capulli M, Maurizi A, Muraca M, Teti A, Econs MJ, Del Fattore A. Generation of the first autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II (ADO2) disease models. Bone 2014; 59:66-75. [PMID: 24185277 PMCID: PMC3889206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II (ADO2) is a heritable osteosclerotic disorder dependent on osteoclast impairment. In most patients it results from heterozygous missense mutations in the chloride channel 7 (CLCN7) gene, encoding for a 2Cl(-)/1H(+) antiporter. By a knock-in strategy inserting a missense mutation in the Clcn7 gene, our two research groups independently generated mouse models of ADO2 on different genetic backgrounds carrying the homolog of the most frequent heterozygous mutation (p.G213R) in the Clcn7 gene found in humans. Our results demonstrate that the heterozygous model holds true presenting with higher bone mass, increased numbers of poorly resorbing osteoclasts and a lethal phenotype in the homozygous state. Considerable variability is observed in the heterozygous mice according with the mouse background, suggesting that modifier genes could influence the penetrance of the disease gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amie K Gray
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kang Chu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shoji Ichikawa
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marta Capannolo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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