1
|
Valentine A, Worrall R, Leppänen J. Investigation of novel weight window methods in Serpent 2 for fusion neutronics applications. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
2
|
Tang H, Jensen K, Houang E, McRobb FM, Bhat S, Svensson M, Bochevarov A, Day T, Dahlgren MK, Bell JA, Frye L, Skene RJ, Lewis JH, Osborne JD, Tierney JP, Gordon JA, Palomero MA, Gallati C, Chapman RSL, Jones DR, Hirst KL, Sephton M, Chauhan A, Sharpe A, Tardia P, Dechaux EA, Taylor A, Waddell RD, Valentine A, Janssens HB, Aziz O, Bloomfield DE, Ladha S, Fraser IJ, Ellard JM. Discovery of a Novel Class of d-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors Using the Schrödinger Computational Platform. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6775-6802. [PMID: 35482677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
d-Serine is a coagonist of the N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a key excitatory neurotransmitter receptor. In the brain, d-serine is synthesized from its l-isomer by serine racemase and is metabolized by the D-amino acid oxidase (DAO, DAAO). Many studies have linked decreased d-serine concentration and/or increased DAO expression and enzyme activity to NMDA dysfunction and schizophrenia. Thus, it is feasible to employ DAO inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia and other indications. Powered by the Schrödinger computational modeling platform, we initiated a research program to identify novel DAO inhibitors with the best-in-class properties. The program execution leveraged an hDAO FEP+ model to prospectively predict compound potency. A new class of DAO inhibitors with desirable properties has been discovered from this endeavor. Our modeling technology on this program has not only enhanced the efficiency of structure-activity relationship development but also helped to identify a previously unexplored subpocket for further optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Tang
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | | | - Evelyne Houang
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Fiona M McRobb
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Sathesh Bhat
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Mats Svensson
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Art Bochevarov
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Tyler Day
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | | | - Jeffery A Bell
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Leah Frye
- Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Robert J Skene
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James H Lewis
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - James D Osborne
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Jason P Tierney
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - James A Gordon
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Daniel R Jones
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Kim L Hirst
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Mark Sephton
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Andrew Sharpe
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Piero Tardia
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | | | - Andrea Taylor
- Charles River Laboratories, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | | | | | - Holden B Janssens
- Charles River Laboratories, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Omar Aziz
- Charles River Laboratories, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | | | - Sandeep Ladha
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Ian J Fraser
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - John M Ellard
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, U.K.,Charles River Laboratories, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Analyses of radiation fields resulting from a deuterium-tritium (DT) plasma in fusion devices is a critical input to the design and validation of many aspects of the reactor design, including, shielding, material lifetime and remote maintenance requirements/scheduling. Neutronics studies, which perform in-depth analysis are typically performed using radiation transport codes such as MCNP, TRIPOLI, Serpent, FLUKA and OpenMC. The Serpent 2 Monte-Carlo code, developed by VTT in Finland, is the focus of this work which seeks to benchmark the code for fusion applications. The application of Serpent 2 in fusion specific analysis requires validation of the codes performance in an energy range, and a geometrical description, which significantly differs to conventional nuclear fission analysis, for which the code was originally developed.
A Serpent model of the Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG) Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) mock up experiment has been prepared and the calculated results compared against experimental data, as well as the reference Monte Carlo code MCNP. The analysis is extended to a model of DEMO with HCPB blanket concept. For this model, the flux, nuclear heating, tritium production and DPA are calculated, all of which are integral nuclear responses in fusion reactor analysis. In general, a very good agreement is demonstrated for both of the benchmarks, with any discrepancies pinpointed to different physics models implemented.
Collapse
|
4
|
McClements L, Annett S, Yakkundi A, O’Rourke M, Valentine A, Moustafa N, Alqudah A, Simões BM, Furlong F, Short A, McIntosh SA, McCarthy HO, Clarke RB, Robson T. FKBPL and its peptide derivatives inhibit endocrine therapy resistant cancer stem cells and breast cancer metastasis by downregulating DLL4 and Notch4. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:351. [PMID: 30975104 PMCID: PMC6460676 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimising breast cancer treatment remains a challenge. Resistance to therapy is a major problem in both ER- and ER+ breast cancer. Tumour recurrence after chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy leads to more aggressive tumours with enhanced metastatic ability. Self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in treatment resistance, recurrence and the development of metastatic disease. METHODS In this study, we utilised in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo breast cancer models using ER+ MCF-7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as solid and metastatic breast cancer patient samples, to interrogate the effects of FKBPL and its peptide therapeutics on metastasis, endocrine therapy resistant CSCs and DLL4 and Notch4 expression. The effects of FKBPL overexpression or peptide treatment were assessed using a t-test or one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS We demonstrated that FKBPL overexpression or treatment with FKBPL-based therapeutics (AD-01, pre-clinical peptide /ALM201, clinical peptide) inhibit i) CSCs in both ER+ and ER- breast cancer, ii) cancer metastasis in a triple negative breast cancer metastasis model and iii) endocrine therapy resistant CSCs in ER+ breast cancer, via modulation of the DLL4 and Notch4 protein and/or mRNA expression. AD-01 was effective at reducing triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration (n ≥ 3, p < 0.05) and invasion (n ≥ 3, p < 0.001) and this was translated in vivo where AD-01 inhibited breast cancer metastasis in MDA-MB-231-lucD3H1 in vivo model (p < 0.05). In ER+ MCF-7 cells and primary breast tumour samples, we demonstrated that ALM201 inhibits endocrine therapy resistant mammospheres, representative of CSC content (n ≥ 3, p < 0.05). Whilst an in vivo limiting dilution assay, using SCID mice, demonstrated that ALM201 alone or in combination with tamoxifen was very effective at delaying tumour recurrence by 12 (p < 0.05) or 21 days (p < 0.001), respectively, by reducing the number of CSCs. The potential mechanism of action, in addition to CD44, involves downregulation of DLL4 and Notch4. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates, for the first time, the pre-clinical activity of novel systemic anti-cancer therapeutic peptides, ALM201 and AD-01, in the metastatic setting, and highlights their impact on endocrine therapy resistant CSCs; both areas of unmet clinical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana McClements
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Annett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anita Yakkundi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Martin O’Rourke
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Charles River Labs, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Essex, Harlow, CM19 5TR UK
| | - Andrea Valentine
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Charles River Labs, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Essex, Harlow, CM19 5TR UK
| | | | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Hashemite University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bruno M. Simões
- Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Furlong
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Amy Short
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stuart A. McIntosh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast and Breast Surgery Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Robert B. Clarke
- Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wrigley JD, Gavory G, Simpson I, Preston M, Plant H, Bradley J, Goeppert AU, Rozycka E, Davies G, Walsh J, Valentine A, McClelland K, Odrzywol KE, Renshaw J, Boros J, Tart J, Leach L, Nowak T, Ward RA, Harrison T, Andrews DM. Identification and Characterization of Dual Inhibitors of the USP25/28 Deubiquitinating Enzyme Subfamily. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:3113-3125. [PMID: 29131570 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system is widely postulated to be a new and important field of drug discovery for the future, with the ubiquitin specific proteases (USPs) representing one of the more attractive target classes within the area. Many USPs have been linked to critical axes for therapeutic intervention, and the finding that USP28 is required for c-Myc stability suggests that USP28 inhibition may represent a novel approach to targeting this so far undruggable oncogene. Here, we describe the discovery of the first reported inhibitors of USP28, which we demonstrate are able to bind to and inhibit USP28, and while displaying a dual activity against the closest homologue USP25, these inhibitors show a high degree of selectivity over other deubiquitinases (DUBs). The utility of these compounds as valuable probes to investigate and further explore cellular DUB biology is highlighted by the demonstration of target engagement against both USP25 and USP28 in cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these inhibitors are able to elicit modulation of both the total levels and the half-life of the c-Myc oncoprotein in cells and also induce apoptosis and loss of cell viability in a range of cancer cell lines. We however observed a narrow therapeutic index compared to a panel of tissue-matched normal cell lines. Thus, it is hoped that these probes and data presented herein will further advance our understanding of the biology and tractability of DUBs as potential future therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Wrigley
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Gavory
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Centre for Precision
Therapeutics, 97 Lisburn
Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Simpson
- Oncology,
IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Preston
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Plant
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Bradley
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne U. Goeppert
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewelina Rozycka
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Centre for Precision
Therapeutics, 97 Lisburn
Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Davies
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jarrod Walsh
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Valentine
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Centre for Precision
Therapeutics, 97 Lisburn
Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Keeva McClelland
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Centre for Precision
Therapeutics, 97 Lisburn
Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztofa Ewa Odrzywol
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Centre for Precision
Therapeutics, 97 Lisburn
Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Renshaw
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Boros
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tart
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Leach
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Nowak
- Oncology,
IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Ward
- Oncology,
IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Centre for Precision
Therapeutics, 97 Lisburn
Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Andrews
- Oncology,
IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pérez-Fernández MA, Calvo-Magro E, Rodríguez-Sánchez J, Valentine A. Differential growth costs and nitrogen fixation in Cytisus multiflorus (L'Hér.) Sweet and Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link are mediated by sources of inorganic N. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2017; 19:742-748. [PMID: 28667797 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shrubby legumes in Mediterranean-type ecosystems face strong nutrient limitations that worsen in summer, when water is absent. Nitrogen-fixing legumes are likely to be able to switch between soil N and atmospheric N (N2 ) sources to adjust the C costs of N acquisition in different seasons. We investigated the utilisation of different inorganic N sources by two indigenous shrubby legumes (Cytisus multiflorus and Cytisus scoparius). Plant performance in terms of photosynthesis and biomass production was also analysed. Plants were cultivated in sterile river sand supplied with Hoagland nutrient solution, grown in N-free nutrient solution and inoculated with effective rhizobial strains from nodules of adult plants of the same species. A second treatment consisted of plants given 500 μm NH4 NO3 added into the nutrient solution. In a third treatment, plants were watered with another source of N (500 μm NH4 NO3 ) as well as being inoculated with effective rhizobial strains. The application of NH4 NO3 to the legumes resulted in a larger increase in plant dry matter. Carbon construction costs were higher in plants supplied with mineral and symbiotic N sources and always higher in the endemic C. multiflorus. Differences in photosynthesis rates were only observed between species, regardless of the N source. Non-fertilised inoculated plants had more effective root nodules and a clear dependence on N2 fixation. We propose that the ability of C. scoparius to change N source makes it a plastic species, which would account for its broader distribution in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - E Calvo-Magro
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - A Valentine
- Botany and Zoology Department, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van der Colff D, Dreyer L, Valentine A, Roets F. Differences in physiological responses to infection by Ceratocystis tsitsikammensis , a native ophiostomatoid pathogen, between a native forest and an exotic forestry tree in South Africa. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
van Rooyen M, Valentine A, Archer E. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonisation Modifies the Water Relations of Young Transplanted Grapevines (Vitis). S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2017. [DOI: 10.21548/25-2-2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
9
|
Sayal K, Taylor JA, Valentine A, Guo B, Sampson CJ, Sellman E, James M, Hollis C, Daley D. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief school-based group programme for parents of children at risk of ADHD: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:521-33. [PMID: 27272608 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommend a stepped care approach for the identification and management of children with, or at risk of, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of a group parenting intervention programme (+/- a teacher session) for children at risk of ADHD. METHODS In a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, 12 primary schools were randomly assigned to control, parent-only and combined (parent + teacher) intervention arms. Eligible children had high levels of parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention (n = 199). At 6 month follow-up, the primary outcome measure was the parent-completed Conners' Rating Scale - Revised (ADHD index). Secondary outcomes included the Conners' sub-scales (hyperactivity, cognitive problems/inattention and oppositional behaviour), the teacher-completed Conners' Rating Scale - Revised, child health-related quality of life, parental burden and parental mental health. The cost-effectiveness analyses reflected a health and personal social services perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN87634685. RESULTS Follow-up data were obtained from 76 parents and 169 teachers. There was no effect of the parent-only (mean difference = -1.1, 95% CI -5.1,2.9; p = 0.57) or combined interventions (mean difference = -2.1, 95% CI -6.4,2.1; p = 0.31) on the ADHD index. The combined intervention was associated with reduced parent-reported hyperactivity symptoms (mean difference = -5.3; 95% CI -10.5,-0.01; p = 0.05) and the parent-only intervention with improved parental mental health (mean difference = -1.9; 95% CI -3.2,-0.5; p = 0.009). The incremental costs of the parent-only and the combined interventions were £73 and £123, respectively. Above a willingness-to-pay of £31 per one-point improvement in the ADHD index, the parent-only programme had the highest probability of cost-effectiveness. Participants found the interventions acceptable. CONCLUSIONS For children at risk of ADHD, this school-based parenting programme was not associated with improvement in core ADHD symptoms. Secondary analyses suggested a possible reduction in parent-reported hyperactivity and parental mental health problems. Future research should compare targeted interventions against watchful waiting and specialist referral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sayal
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK.,CANDAL (Centre for ADHD and Neuro-developmental Disorders across the Lifespan), Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| | - J A Taylor
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Valentine
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK
| | - B Guo
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK
| | - C J Sampson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Sellman
- School of Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M James
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Hollis
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK.,CANDAL (Centre for ADHD and Neuro-developmental Disorders across the Lifespan), Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Daley
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,CLAHRC-NDL, Nottingham, UK.,CANDAL (Centre for ADHD and Neuro-developmental Disorders across the Lifespan), Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Donley C, McClelland K, McKeen HD, Nelson L, Yakkundi A, Jithesh PV, Burrows J, McClements L, Valentine A, Prise KM, McCarthy HO, Robson T. Identification of RBCK1 as a novel regulator of FKBPL: implications for tumor growth and response to tamoxifen. Oncogene 2013; 33:3441-50. [PMID: 23912458 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
FKBPL has been implicated in processes associated with cancer, including regulation of tumor growth and angiogenesis with high levels of FKBPL prognosticating for improved patient survival. Understanding how FKBPL levels are controlled within the cell is therefore critical. We have identified a novel role for RBCK1 as an FKBPL-interacting protein, which regulates FKBPL stability at the post-translational level via ubiquitination. Both RBCK1 and FKBPL are upregulated by 17-β-estradiol and interact within heat shock protein 90 chaperone complexes, together with estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Furthermore, FKBPL and RBCK1 associate with ERα at the promoter of the estrogen responsive gene, pS2, and regulate pS2 levels. MCF-7 clones stably overexpressing RBCK1 were shown to have reduced proliferation and increased levels of FKBPL and p21. Furthermore, these clones were resistant to tamoxifen therapy, suggesting that RBCK1 could be a predictive marker of response to endocrine therapy. RBCK1 knockdown using targeted small interfering RNA resulted in increased proliferation and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, in support of our in vitro data, analysis of mRNA microarray data sets demonstrated that high levels of FKBPL and RBCK1 correlated with increased patient survival, whereas high RBCK1 predicted for a poor response to tamoxifen. Our findings support a role for RBCK1 in the regulation of FKBPL with important implications for estrogen receptor signaling, cell proliferation and response to endocrine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Donley
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - K McClelland
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - H D McKeen
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - L Nelson
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A Yakkundi
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P V Jithesh
- Liverpool Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Burrows
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - L McClements
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - A Valentine
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - K M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - H O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - T Robson
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dagleish M, Barrows M, Maley M, Killick R, Finlayson J, Goodchild R, Valentine A, Saunders R, Willoughby K, Smith K, Stidworthy M. The First Report of Otarine Herpesvirus-1-Associated Urogenital Carcinoma in a South American Fur Seal (Arctocephalus australis). J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
O'Rourke M, Valentine A, McLean E, Page N, Cotton G, Robson T, Hirst D, Harrison T, James I. Abstract 3288: The anti-tumour efficacy of the novel peptide inhibitor of angiogenesis ALM-201. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neovascularization is critical to tumour growth and metastasis and this has led to the development of a number of marketed anti-angiogenic agents which target VEGF/VEGFR2 receptors, for clinical use in specific types of cancer. However, incomplete responses and/or resistance to these therapies has highlighted the need for new agents targeting alternative pathways. Here we describe the characterisation of a novel peptide derived from the natural protein FKBP-like binding protein (FKBPL), which has extremely potent anti-angiogenic activity, is very effective in mouse xenograft models at low doses, and exerts its effects through microtubule binding using CD44 as a cell-entry mechanism.
ALM-201 has been profiled in a range of human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) assays and potently inhibited migration, tubule formation and microvessel formation in vitro and in vivo. Although the peptide has a marked effect on migration, ALM-201 does not inhibit proliferation in a range of growth factor stimulated proliferation assays. Importantly, there is a significant disconnect between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of ALM-201 which allows for 3 q.d. dosing in mouse xenograft models. The peptide is well tolerated with no signs of toxicity observed in mouse xenograft models up to 80 days of dosing. The mechanism by which ALM-201 inhibits angiogenesis involves the cell surface receptor CD44, as determined by siRNA depletion of the receptor in migration assays. Furthermore, the peptide potently inhibits microtubule assembly and downstream signalling, thus promoting the anti-migratory phenotype.
In summary, ALM-201 is a novel, targeted microtubule binding agent which exhibits potent anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Pre-clinical development is in progress with a Phase 1 clinical study planned for 2011.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3288
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracy Robson
- 2Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Hirst
- 2Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain James
- 1Almac Discovery, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Valentine A, O'Rourke M, Yakkundi A, Worthington J, Hookham M, Bicknell R, McCarthy HO, McClelland K, McCallum L, Dyer H, McKeen H, Waugh DJJ, Roberts J, McGregor J, Cotton G, James I, Harrison T, Hirst DG, Robson T. FKBPL and peptide derivatives: novel biological agents that inhibit angiogenesis by a CD44-dependent mechanism. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1044-56. [PMID: 21364036 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antiangiogenic therapies can be an important adjunct to the management of many malignancies. Here we investigated a novel protein, FKBPL, and peptide derivative for their antiangiogenic activity and mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Recombinant FKBPL (rFKBPL) and its peptide derivative were assessed in a range of human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) assays in vitro. Their ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, and Matrigel-dependent tubule formation was determined. They were further evaluated in an ex vivo rat model of neovascularization and in two in vivo mouse models of angiogenesis, that is, the sponge implantation and the intravital microscopy models. Antitumor efficacy was determined in two human tumor xenograft models grown in severe compromised immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Finally, the dependence of peptide on CD44 was determined using a CD44-targeted siRNA approach or in cell lines of differing CD44 status. RESULTS rFKBPL inhibited endothelial cell migration, tubule formation, and microvessel formation in vitro and in vivo. The region responsible for FKBPL's antiangiogenic activity was identified, and a 24-amino acid peptide (AD-01) spanning this sequence was synthesized. It was potently antiangiogenic and inhibited growth in two human tumor xenograft models (DU145 and MDA-231) when administered systemically, either on its own or in combination with docetaxel. The antiangiogenic activity of FKBPL and AD-01 was dependent on the cell-surface receptor CD44, and signaling downstream of this receptor promoted an antimigratory phenotype. CONCLUSION FKBPL and its peptide derivative AD-01 have potent antiangiogenic activity. Thus, these agents offer the potential of an attractive new approach to antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Valentine
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
McKeen HD, Byrne C, Jithesh PV, Donley C, Valentine A, Yakkundi A, O'Rourke M, Swanton C, McCarthy HO, Hirst DG, Robson T. FKBPL regulates estrogen receptor signaling and determines response to endocrine therapy. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1090-100. [PMID: 20103631 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The HSP90 chaperone and immunophilin FKBPL is an estrogen-responsive gene that interacts with estogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and regulates its levels. In this study, we explored the effects of FKBPL on breast cancer proliferation. Breast cancer cells stably overexpressing FKBPL became dependent on estrogen for their growth and were dramatically more sensitive to the antiestrogens tamoxifen and fulvestrant, whereas FKBPL knockdown reverses this phenotype. FKBPL knockdown also decreased the levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF1 and increased ERalpha phosphorylation on Ser(118) in response to 17beta-estradiol and tamoxifen. In support of the likelihood that these effects explained FKBPL-mediated cell growth inhibition and sensitivity to endocrine therapies, FKBPL expression was correlated with increased overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. Our findings suggest that FKBPL may have prognostic value based on its impact on tumor proliferative capacity and sensitivity to endocrine therapies, which improve outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley D McKeen
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre and Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sarkar SA, Kutlu B, Velmurugan K, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Lee CE, Wong R, Valentine A, Davidson HW, Hutton JC, Pugazhenthi S. Cytokine-mediated induction of anti-apoptotic genes that are linked to nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) signalling in human islets and in a mouse beta cell line. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1092-101. [PMID: 19343319 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to type 1 diabetes in humans is thought to occur mainly through apoptosis and necrosis induced by activated macrophages and T cells, and in which secreted cytokines play a significant role. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) plays an important role in mediating the apoptotic action of cytokines in beta cells. We therefore sought to determine the changes in expression of genes modulated by NF-kappaB in human islets exposed to a combination of IL1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. METHODS Microarray and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the global response of gene expression and pathways modulated in cultured human islets exposed to cytokines. Validation of a panel of NF-kappaB-regulated genes was performed by quantitative RT-PCR. The mechanism of induction of BIRC3 by cytokines was examined by transient transfection of BIRC3 promoter constructs linked to a luciferase gene in MIN6 cells, a mouse beta cell line. RESULTS Enrichment of several metabolic and signalling pathways was observed in cytokine-treated human islets. In addition to the upregulation of known pro-apoptotic genes, a number of anti-apoptotic genes including BIRC3, BCL2A1, TNFAIP3, CFLAR and TRAF1 were induced by cytokines through NF-kappaB. Significant synergy between the cytokines was observed in NF-kappaB-mediated induction of the promoter of BIRC3 in MIN6 cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that, via NF-kappaB activation, cytokines induce a concurrent anti-apoptotic pathway that may be critical for preserving islet integrity and viability during the progression of insulitis in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Sarkar
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
McKeen HD, McAlpine K, Valentine A, Quinn DJ, McClelland K, Byrne C, O'Rourke M, Young S, Scott CJ, McCarthy HO, Hirst DG, Robson T. A novel FK506-like binding protein interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and regulates steroid receptor signaling. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5724-34. [PMID: 18669603 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FKBP-like (FKBPL) protein is a novel immunophilin-like protein that plays a role in the cellular stress response. Its three tetratricopeptide repeat motifs are homologous to the heat shock protein 90 interaction sites of other immunophilins that have roles in steroid hormone receptor signaling. In this study, using biomolecular complementation and coimmunoprecipitation techniques, we show that FKBPL also colocalizes and interacts with the components of the heat shock protein 90-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complex and demonstrate that the PPIase domain of FKBPL is important for the interaction between this complex and the dynein motor protein, dynamitin. Treatment of DU145 cells with the GR ligand, dexamethasone, induced a rapid and coordinated translocation of both GR and FKBPL to the nucleus; this response was perturbed when FKBPL was knocked down with a targeted small interfering RNA. Furthermore, overexpression of FKBPL increased GR protein levels and transactivation of a luciferase reporter gene in response to dexamethasone in DU145 cells. However, these responses were cell line dependent. In summary, these data suggest that FKBPL can be classed as a new member of the FKBP protein family with a role in steroid receptor complexes and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley D McKeen
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Rourke M, Ward C, Worthington J, McKenna J, Valentine A, Robson T, Hirst DG, McKeown SR. Evaluation of the antiangiogenic potential of AQ4N. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1502-9. [PMID: 18316575 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A number of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents tested at low concentrations show antiangiogenic properties with limited cytotoxicity, e.g., cyclophosphamide, tirapazamine, and mitoxantrone. AQ4N is a bioreductive alkylaminoanthraquinone that is cytotoxic when reduced to AQ4; hence, it can be used to target hypoxic tumor cells. AQ4N is structurally similar to mitoxantrone and was evaluated for antiangiogenic properties without the need for bioreduction. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effect of AQ4N and fumagillin on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) was measured using a variety of in vitro assays, i.e., 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, wound scrape, tubule formation, rat aortic ring, and invasion assays. Low-dose AQ4N (20 mg/kg) was also given in vivo to mice bearing a tumor in a dorsal skin flap. RESULTS AQ4N (10(-11) to 10(-5) mol/L) had no effect on HMEC-1 viability. AQ4N (10(-9) to 10(-5)mol/L) caused a sigmoidal dose-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell migration in the wound scrape model. Fumagillin showed a similar response over a lower dose range (10(-13) to 10(-9) mol/L); however, the maximal inhibition was less (25% versus 43% for AQ4N). AQ4N inhibited HMEC-1 cell contacts on Matrigel (10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L), HMEC-1 cell invasion, and sprouting in rat aorta explants. Immunofluorescence staining with tubulin, vimentim, dynein, and phalloidin revealed that AQ4N caused disruption to the cell cytoskeleton. When AQ4N (20 mg/kg) was given in vivo for 5 days, microvessels disappeared in LNCaP tumors grown in a dorsal skin flap. CONCLUSIONS This combination of assays has shown that AQ4N possesses antiangiogenic effects in normoxic conditions, which could potentially contribute to antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin O'Rourke
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
McKeen H, Byrne C, Valentine A, O'Rourke M, Yakkundi A, McClelland K, McAlpine K, Hirst DG, Robson T. Role of the Hsp90 cochaperone, FKBPL, in oestrogen receptor signalling and breast cancer growth and survival. Breast Cancer Res 2008. [PMCID: PMC3300704 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
20
|
Gianani R, Putnam A, Still T, Yu L, Miao D, Gill RG, Beilke J, Supon P, Valentine A, Iveson A, Dunn S, Eisenbarth GS, Hutton J, Gottlieb P, Wiseman A. Initial results of screening of nondiabetic organ donors for expression of islet autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1855-61. [PMID: 16478822 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1A diabetes is characterized by a long prodromal phase during which autoantibodies to islet antigens are present. Nevertheless, we lack data on the pancreatic pathology of subjects who are positive for islet autoantibodies (to islet autoantigens GAD65, insulin, and ICA512). OBJECTIVE In this manuscript, we describe a novel strategy in obtaining pancreata and pancreatic lymph nodes from islet autoantibody-positive organ donors that involves careful coordination among the laboratory and the organ donor provider organization. DESIGN We developed a rapid screening protocol for islet autoantibodies measurement of organ donors to allow identification of positive subjects before organ harvesting. In this way we were able to obtain pancreata and pancreatic lymph nodes from subjects with and without islet autoimmunity. SETTING The organ donors used in this study were obtained from the general community. SUBJECTS The population studied consisted of 112 organ donors (age range 1 month to 86 yr, mean age 39 yr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure of this study consisted of evaluating the pancreatic histology and identify T cells autoreactive for islet antigens in the pancreatic lymph nodes. RESULTS To date we have identified three positive subjects and obtained the pancreas for histological evaluation from one of the autoantibody-positive donors who expressed ICA512 autoantibodies. Although this subject did not exhibit insulitis, lymphocytes derived from pancreatic lymph nodes reacted to the islet antigen phogrin. CONCLUSION In summary, these results indicate that it is possible to screen organ donors in real time for antiislet antibodies, characterize pancreatic histology, and obtain viable T cells for immunological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gianani
- The Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Science Center, Aurora, Colorado 80010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilkinson PA, Valentine A, Gibbs JM. Intrinsic spinal cord lesions complicating epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:537-9. [PMID: 11909921 PMCID: PMC1737815 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.4.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Serious neurological complications related to epidural anaesthesia and analgesia are only rarely reported. We describe the clinical and radiological features of three patients who sustained intrinsic spinal cord lesions after attempted epidural catheterisation. In each case there was an early onset of motor and sensory impairment after the procedure and MRI demonstrated similar, extensive, paracentral, high signal intensity lesions within the cord on T2 weighted images. Possible mechanisms to explain these MRI appearances are discussed. It is proposed that the most likely cause of these lesions was direct trauma to the spinal cord during the procedure and subsequent injection of fluid into the spinal cord producing localised hydromyelia. The prognosis in each case was for a gradual recovery of motor function but spinothalamic sensory impairment and severe spontaneous pain over the affected area persisted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Wilkinson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Short CD, Russell S, Valentine A. Clinical audit and long-term evaluation of renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2001; 72:S94-8. [PMID: 11833148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients now have an increased life expectancy, and this has highlighted the need for increased concern about the long-term complications associated with transplantation. To better manage renal transplant recipients over the long term, it is essential to schedule periodic clinic visits to detect problems and intervene in a timely fashion. Besides enabling early detection and possible treatment, periodic visits permit continuing patient education. Unfortunately, there is no scientifically based consensus that indicates what the optimal frequency and timing of such visits should be, although the AST has recently issued some guidelines. At the MINT, an Annual Review Clinic has been implemented to provide better service to renal transplant recipients over the long term. The clinic offers a comprehensive medical assessment, identifies and quantifies risk factors for CVD, and initiates referrals to appropriate specialists. The Annual Review Clinic increases patient awareness in a number of areas specific to transplantation, promotes a positive approach to healthcare, enables collection of structured data for analysis, and, with hope, engenders a significant degree of patient well-being and satisfaction. The medical community needs to continue long-term patient evaluation and clinical audit as means to improve long-term patient and graft survival, as well as patient quality of life.
Collapse
|
23
|
Buscombe J, Piggott K, Caplin M, Watkinson A, Tibbles J, Savy L, Platts A, Valentine A, Virgolini I, Hilson A. Targeting somatostatin receptor positive tumours with Y-90 Lanreotide. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- R A Weeks
- Royal Free Hospital, London, England
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Valentine A, Davies M, Bahadur G, Conway G, Steele SJ, Shenfield F. R-010. Low-technology donor insemination (DI) is an efficient mode of treatment. Hum Reprod 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
26
|
Davison RM, Quilter CR, Webb J, Murray A, Fisher AM, Valentine A, Serhal P, Conway GS. A familial case of X chromosome deletion ascertained by cytogenetic screening of women with premature ovarian failure. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:3039-41. [PMID: 9853851 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/13.11.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between X chromosome deletions and premature ovarian failure is well established. Previous anecdotal reports however, have not documented the prevalence of X deletions in women with premature ovarian failure. We therefore performed cytogenetic analyses on 79 women with primary or secondary amenorrhoea to assess the utility of screening for a genetic marker for familial premature ovarian failure. A normal karyotype was found in 77 women. One woman with primary amenorrhoea had an XY karyotype and a woman with secondary amenorrhoea had a deletion at Xq 26.1. This second case had a family history of premature ovarian failure, and her mother who underwent premature ovarian failure at 28 years shared this deletion. The early diagnosis of familial X deletions causing premature ovarian failure allowed for the prediction of impending menopause and the implementation of manoeuvres to advance conception. Although cytogenetic aberrations are rare in secondary amenorrhoea, the ability to predict premature ovarian failure can be vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Davison
- Department of Medicine, University College London, School of Medicine, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Harvey P, Valentine A, Davies SE, Walker-Smith JA. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet 1998; 351:637-41. [PMID: 9500320 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1264] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder. METHODS 12 children (mean age 6 years [range 3-10], 11 boys) were referred to a paediatric gastroenterology unit with a history of normal development followed by loss of acquired skills, including language, together with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Children underwent gastroenterological, neurological, and developmental assessment and review of developmental records. Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy sampling, magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and lumbar puncture were done under sedation. Barium follow-through radiography was done where possible. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological profiles were examined. FINDINGS Onset of behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in eight of the 12 children, with measles infection in one child, and otitis media in another. All 12 children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic inflammation in the colon in 11 children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with age-matched controls (p=0.003), low haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA in four children. INTERPRETATION We identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Wakefield
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group, University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Valentine A, Jakobsen JA, Klaveness AJ. Iopentol (Imagopaque 350) compared with diatrizoate (Urografin 370) in cerebral CT. A clinical trial assessing immediate and late (7 days) adverse events and diagnostic information (visualization quality and Hounsfield unit measurements). Eur Radiol 1997; 7 Suppl 4:S145-8. [PMID: 9204358 DOI: 10.1007/pl00006882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The non-ionic contrast medium iopentol (Imagopaque, Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway) 350 mg I/ml was compared for safety and efficacy with the ionic contrast medium diatrizoate (Urografin, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) 370 mg I/ml in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial in cerebral computed tomography (CT). The numbers of participating patients was 79; forty in the iopentol group and 39 in the diatrizoate group. Safety was evaluated by assessing the numbers of patients reporting immediate adverse events (up to 30 min after injection) and delayed adverse events (within 7 days after the examination). Efficacy was expressed as the quality of visualization of the cerebral lesions after injection of the contrast medium. In addition, Hounsfield units were measured pre- and post-contrast. No patient in either group experienced any serious adverse event. The frequency of patients with immediate adverse events was statistically significantly lower in the iopentol group (23%) than in the diatrizoate group (64%), p = 0.0003. Delayed adverse events were also significantly less frequent in the iopentol group (43%) than in the diatrizoate group (69%), p = 0.047. Patients in the iopentol group reported significantly less discomfort (53%), especially sensation of warmth, than patients in the diatrizoate group (92%), p = 0.0001. The intensity of adverse events and injection-associated discomfort seemed, in general, to be lower for patients in the iopentol group. No difference was found between the two contrast media regarding efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Valentine
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Quinton R, Duke VM, de Zoysa PA, Platts AD, Valentine A, Kendall B, Pickman S, Kirk JM, Besser GM, Jacobs HS, Bouloux PM. The neuroradiology of Kallmann's syndrome: a genotypic and phenotypic analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:3010-7. [PMID: 8768867 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.8.8768867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A detailed neurological investigation of patients with Kallmann's syndrome (KS) has been performed in an attempt to relate phenotypic characterization with genotype. Twenty-seven subjects with KS were studied (including 12 males with X-linked disease and 3 females). Six male and 2 female normosmics with isolated GnRH deficiency, 1 male with KS variant, and 1 obligate female carrier were also imaged. Evidence for X-linked disease was derived both from analysis of pedigree and by mutation analysis at the KAL locus. The female carrier and all 8 normosmics had normal olfactory bulbs and sulci, as did 3 male KS. The study, therefore, confirms the value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of KS, but suggests that the technique is not sufficiently sensitive to differentiate KS from the normosmic form of GnRH deficiency in all cases. Phenotypic characterization of KS was more effectively achieved by accurate estimation of olfactory status. Three new mutations at the KAL locus were identified, 2 single exon deletions and 1 point mutation. In 2 pedigrees with clear X-linked inheritance, no coding sequence mutations were detected; it may be that these harbor mutations of pKAL, the recently characterized 5'-promoter region. No clear relationship could be established between specific phenotypic anomalies and particular KAL mutations. Involuntary, mirror movements of the upper limbs were present in 10 of 12 cases of X-linked KS, but in none of the other subjects. Although this phenomenon has been ascribed to an abnormality of the corpus callosum, in the present study magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no quantitative or qualitative morphological anomalies of this structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Quinton
- Division of Endocrinology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Volkow ND, Gillespie H, Mullani N, Tancredi L, Grant C, Valentine A, Hollister L. Brain glucose metabolism in chronic marijuana users at baseline and during marijuana intoxication. Psychiatry Res 1996; 67:29-38. [PMID: 8797240 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4927(96)02817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread abuse of marijuana, knowledge about its effects in the human brain is limited. Brain glucose metabolism with and without delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (main psychoactive component of marijuana) was evaluated in eight normal subjects and eight chronic marijuana abusers with positron emission tomography. At baseline, marijuana abusers showed lower relative cerebellar metabolism than normal subjects. THC increased relative cerebellar metabolism in all subjects, but only abusers showed increases in orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia. Cerebellar metabolism during THC intoxication was significantly correlated with the subjective sense of intoxication. The decreased cerebellar metabolism in marijuana abusers at baseline could account for the motor deficits previously reported in these subjects. The activation of orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia by THC in the abusers but not in the normal subjects could underlie one of the mechanisms leading to the drive and the compulsion to self-administer the drug observed in addicted individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Volkow
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Volkow ND, Tancredi LR, Grant C, Gillespie H, Valentine A, Mullani N, Wang GJ, Hollister L. Brain glucose metabolism in violent psychiatric patients: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 1995; 61:243-53. [PMID: 8748468 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4927(95)02671-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography with 18F-deoxyglucose was used to evaluate regional brain glucose metabolism in eight normal subjects and eight psychiatric patients with a history of repetitive violent behavior. Seven of the patients showed widespread areas of low brain metabolism. Although the location of the abnormal regions varied among patients, they showed significantly lower relative metabolic values in medial temporal and prefrontal cortices than did normal comparison subjects. These regions have been implicated as substrates for aggression and impulsivity, and their dysfunction may have contributed to the patients' violent behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Volkow
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Farhi J, Valentine A, Bahadur G, Shenfield F, Steele SJ, Jacobs HS. In-vitro cervical mucus-sperm penetration tests and outcome of infertility treatments in couples with repeatedly negative post-coital tests. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:85-90. [PMID: 7745077 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/10.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of in-vitro cervical mucus-sperm penetration tests and cross-hostility tests in 178 couples with repeatedly negative post-coital tests were recorded. Using a protocol of three cycles with intra-uterine inseminations (IUI) followed by three cycles with ovulation induction + IUI, the association between the cause of infertility, results of the in-vitro tests and the outcome of infertility treatment was investigated. We found that repeatedly negative post-coital tests are a good indicator of a cervical mucus-sperm penetration problem. The cross-hostility test clearly differentiates the abnormal factor in this interaction, and a good performance of the donors' spermatozoa in the cervical mucus correlates with increased pregnancy rate. In male factor infertility, failure of the husbands' spermatozoa to penetrate cervical mucus was not indicative of a deficient fertilization potential in vivo. In these patients a serious attempt should therefore be made to reverse the infertility by treatment with IUI or ovulation induction + IUI before attempting assisted reproduction. Women with polycystic ovaries and repeatedly negative post-coital tests should be investigated for sperm receptivity of the cervical mucus. Low receptivity of the cervical mucus may imply that endometrial receptivity and oocyte quality are also low. Ovulation induction and not IUI alone should therefore be used as the preferred mode of treatment to improve pregnancy rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Farhi
- Department of Medicine, UCL Medical School, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Meyers CA, Weitzner M, Byrne K, Valentine A, Champlin RE, Przepiorka D. Evaluation of the neurobehavioral functioning of patients before, during, and after bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12:820-6. [PMID: 8151324 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1994.12.4.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the cognitive and emotional functioning of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in the protected environment (PE). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were given tests of cognition and mood before their hospitalization in the PE, after 2 weeks, at discharge, and at 8 months post-BMT. Locus of control, degree of social support, previous biotherapy, and on-treatment psychiatric consultation were also analyzed. RESULTS Before BMT, 20% of patients had mild cognitive dysfunction, and nearly 40% had significant anxiety. Although few patients developed problems with cognition or mood during the study, short-term memory deficits nearly doubled at follow-up compared with baseline. Anxiety decreased significantly during hospitalization and remained low at follow-up. In contrast, depression increased throughout hospitalization, but decreased at follow-up. Pre-BMT emotional status and cognitive functioning were highly related to long-term outcome. Type of BMT, locus of control, and degree of social support were related to psychologic distress and cognitive functioning, both during and after BMT. Patient age was not a predictor of neurobehavioral symptoms during or after BMT. CONCLUSION Pretransplant emotional and cognitive functioning are important determinants of long-term outcome and quality of life (QOL) in BMT patients. In addition, a few patients undergoing BMT develop short-term memory difficulties and mood disturbance that may persist. Pretransplant identification of patients at risk for neurobehavioral difficulties may guide early interventions during hospitalization. Posttransplant assessment may then be used to develop rehabilitation programs and other interventions for individuals with persisting complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Meyers
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shenfield F, Doyle P, Valentine A, Steele SJ, Tan SL. Effects of age, gravidity and male infertility status on cumulative conception rates following artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor semen: analysis of 2998 cycles of treatment in one centre over 10 years. Hum Reprod 1993; 8:60-4. [PMID: 8458928 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of age, gravidity and male infertility status on cumulative conception rates after donor insemination were investigated in an analysis of 2998 treatment cycles undertaken on 443 patients. It was found that the cumulative conception rates after 3, 6 and 12 cycles of treatment were 21, 40 and 62% respectively for patients < 30 years of age compared with 17, 26 and 44% for those aged > or = 30 years (P = 0.008). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.001) in results depending on course of treatment and the cumulative conception rates were 19% after 3 cycles, 33% after 6 cycles and 54% after 12 cycles of treatment in the first course of treatment compared with 40, 67 and 79% respectively in those who returned for subsequent courses of treatment after having achieved a donor insemination pregnancy in the first treatment course. Gravidity and male infertility status (azoospermia or oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia) did not significantly affect the cumulative conception rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Shenfield
- Fertility Unit, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
A study was conducted in the wards and laboratory of a 900-bed teaching hospital to determine the appropriateness of glove use. In the wards the rate of appropriate use was 59%, and in the laboratory it was 90%. In general, in the patient areas gloves were used for specific tasks (70%) whereas in the laboratory use for a specific task was only 32%. Financial savings could be realized by educational programs in infection control directed toward a more rational use of gloves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Stringer
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Vancouver General Hospital, B.C., Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Over the last 2 years, data on cervical mucus, thawed semen and their interaction in vitro have been collected at the time of insemination in all patients referred to our clinic for artificial insemination by donor (AID). A total of 37 patients have become pregnant, including one who became pregnant twice, and 27 patients have completed a course of 6-12 inseminations or withdrawn without becoming pregnant after a minimum of four cycles of treatment. A comparison of data from these two groups reveals significant differences in cellularity, penetrability and ferning of the cervical mucus and in the motility of spermatozoa in the thawed semen. In a comparison of sperm parameters in the same semen sample prior to freezing and after thawing, those samples which were fertile showed a lower reduction in motility due to freezing and thawing. Studies on the in vitro interaction between mucus and spermatozoa show that, in certain combinations, the mucus appears to induce abnormalities in the midpiece region or the tail, which impair sperm progression. Collection and analysis of data from up to three inseminations per cycle demonstrates that there is considerable variation between patients in the stability of their periovulatory mucus and has also allowed a number of patients with 'problem mucus' to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Boyers
- Department of Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choksey MS, Valentine A, Shawdon H, Freer CE, Lindsay KW. Computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant brain tumours: do all patients require biopsy? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52:821-5. [PMID: 2769273 PMCID: PMC1031926 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.52.7.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A proportion of patients with computed tomographic (CT) scan appearances of malignant brain tumour undergo conservative management, despite the absence of histological confirmation of the diagnosis. Concern that this policy risked misdiagnosing a benign tumour prompted us to examine the accuracy of CT scanning in diagnosing malignant lesions. The study was designed to determine whether within a group of 300 patients with intracerebral mass lesions of known pathology, two sub-groups existed: one with appearances so specific for malignant glioma that biopsy was unnecessary, and the other in which the appearances were characteristic of malignancy, though not specific for glioma. Three neuroradiologists independently reviewed the CT scans, together with brief clinical details. When diagnosing malignant tumours, all made errors: nine benign lesions were considered to be malignant. When diagnosing malignant glioma, one neuroradiologist made errors, but the other two adopted a more cautious approach and were accurate. The restricted a "certain" diagnosis to about one in five scans considered to show malignant tumour. Those diagnosed specifically as malignant glioma were intrinsic, irregular, mixed density lesions, exhibiting variable enhancement and infiltrating the peri-ventricular tissues, especially the corpus callosum. Using these criteria, they could correctly identify a small proportion of patients with malignant gliomas. In all other patients, biopsy remains the only means of obtaining a definitive diagnosis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ginsberg L, Geddes J, Valentine A. Amyloid angiopathy and granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system: a case responding to corticosteroid treatment. J Neurol 1988; 235:438-40. [PMID: 3221250 DOI: 10.1007/bf00314491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A 73-year-old woman presented with multifocal cerebral dysfunction of 1 month's duration. Cranial CT scanning revealed unusual widespread abnormalities. Brain biopsy showed amyloid angiopathy affecting vessels in the meninges and cerebral cortex, with associated granulomatous angiitis. There was no clinical evidence of extracranial vasculitis. Corticosteroid therapy produced striking clinical and radiological improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ginsberg
- Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The radiological and clinical features of 90 histologically verified intraventricular masses were reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) and plain X-rays were available in all and angiograms in over half the cases. The localisation, effects on the adjacent brain substance and the presence and degree of hydrocephalus was evident on CT. Two-thirds of colloid cysts presented as pathognomonic anterior third ventricular hyperdense masses and the other third were isodense; an alternative diagnosis should be considered for low density masses in this situation. Plexus papillomas and carcinomas mainly involved the trigone and body of a lateral ventricle of young children and caused asymmetrical hydrocephalus; the third ventricle was occasionally affected also in children and the fourth ventricle more frequently and usually in adults. Two-thirds were hyperdense, one-third of mixed or lower density. The meningiomas were dense trigonal tumours of adults generally arising in the choroid plexus, but two tentorial meningiomas passed through the choroidal fissure and caused a predominantly intraventricular mass. Gliomas frequently thickened the septum and generally involved the frontal segments of the lateral ventricles. They may be supplied by perforating as well as by the choroidal arteries, which supply most other vascularised masses within the ventricles. Only 10% of our cases did not fall into one of the former categories; these included low density non-enhancing dermoid or epidermoid tumours and higher density enhancing metastatic or angiomatous masses.
Collapse
|
41
|
Andersen K, Shanmugam K, Lim S, Csonka L, Tait R, Hennecke H, Scott D, Hom S, Haury J, Valentine A, Valentine R. Genetic engineering in agriculture with emphasis on nitrogen fixation. Trends Biochem Sci 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0004(80)80092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
Bacteriophage types of over 3,000 strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in Canada have been determined. The typing scheme used involved the use of nine phages. Results indicated that phage types correlate with biotypes to a large degree. Corynecin types were also determined for a limited number of cultures, and results indicated that the indicator strains presently available are unsuitable for the typing of C. diphtheriae strains isolated in North America. The distribution of phage types is similar throughout Canada, and the types present correspond to types reported from other countries. Phage typing could be of value in the study of circumscribed outbreaks and in epidemiological surveillance of types over long periods.
Collapse
|