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de Hoog S, Walsh TJ, Ahmed SA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Alexander BD, Arendrup MC, Babady E, Bai FY, Balada-Llasat JM, Borman A, Chowdhary A, Clark A, Colgrove RC, Cornely OA, Dingle TC, Dufresne PJ, Fuller J, Gangneux JP, Gibas C, Glasgow H, Graser Y, Guillot J, Groll AH, Haase G, Hanson K, Harrington A, Hawksworth DL, Hayden RT, Hoenigl M, Hubka V, Johnson K, Kus JV, Li R, Meis JF, Lackner M, Lanternier F, Leal SM, Lee F, Lockhart SR, Luethy P, Martin I, Kwon-Chung KJ, Meyer W, Nguyen MH, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Palavecino E, Pancholi P, Pappas PG, Procop GW, Redhead SA, Rhoads DD, Riedel S, Stevens B, Sullivan KO, Vergidis P, Roilides E, Seyedmousavi A, Tao L, Vicente VA, Vitale RG, Wang QM, Wengenack NL, Westblade L, Wiederhold N, White L, Wojewoda CM, Zhang SX. Reply to Kidd et al., "Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion". J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0162523. [PMID: 38441056 PMCID: PMC11005378 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01625-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren de Hoog
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA), Exeter, United Kingdom
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah A. Ahmed
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, the Netherlands
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D. Alexander
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maiken Cavling Arendrup
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST)
| | - Esther Babady
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng-Yan Bai
- Mycology Committee of Chinese Society for Microbiology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Medical Mycology Society of Chinese Medicine and Education Association
- Asia PacificSociety for Medical Mycology
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Mycological Society of China (MSC)
| | - Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Microbiology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Borman
- National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Fungal Pathogens, Medical Mycology Unit, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Andrew Clark
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C. Colgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA), Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanis C. Dingle
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philippe J. Dufresne
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Mycology, Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeff Fuller
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Department of Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Connie Gibas
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Glasgow
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne Graser
- Department of Parasitology (Charité), Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Guillot
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Onoris, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Andreas H. Groll
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Haase
- Laboratory Diagnostic Center, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kimberly Hanson
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda Harrington
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Loyola University Health System, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Jilin Agricultural University, Chanchung, China
- General Committee for Nomenclature, International Botanical Congress (IBC)
- Advisory Board of International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF)
| | - Randall T. Hayden
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- European Hematology Association, Specialized Working Group for Infections in Hematology, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristie Johnson
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UMMC Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julianne V. Kus
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Canada and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST)
- Medical Mycology Society of Chinese Medicine and Education Association
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Lackner
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sixto M. Leal
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Francesca Lee
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn R. Lockhart
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- European Hematology Association, Specialized Working Group for Infections in Hematology, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul Luethy
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UMMC Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella Martin
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA), Exeter, United Kingdom
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Hong Nguyen
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palavecino
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Preeti Pancholi
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Microbiology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter G. Pappas
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary W. Procop
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- The American Board of Pathology, Tampa, Florida, USA
- American Board of Pathology (ABP), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott A. Redhead
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA), Exeter, United Kingdom
- National Mycological Herbarium, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel D. Rhoads
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Riedel
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Stevens
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaede Ota Sullivan
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paschalis Vergidis
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amir Seyedmousavi
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lili Tao
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vania A. Vicente
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roxana G. Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicasy Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Nancy L. Wengenack
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars Westblade
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lewis White
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christina M. Wojewoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sean X. Zhang
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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de Hoog S, Walsh TJ, Ahmed SA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Alexander BD, Arendrup MC, Babady E, Bai FY, Balada-Llasat JM, Borman A, Chowdhary A, Clark A, Colgrove RC, Cornely OA, Dingle TC, Dufresne PJ, Fuller J, Gangneux JP, Gibas C, Glasgow H, Gräser Y, Guillot J, Groll AH, Haase G, Hanson K, Harrington A, Hawksworth DL, Hayden RT, Hoenigl M, Hubka V, Johnson K, Kus JV, Li R, Meis JF, Lackner M, Lanternier F, Leal Jr. SM, Lee F, Lockhart SR, Luethy P, Martin I, Kwon-Chung KJ, Meyer W, Nguyen MH, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Palavecino E, Pancholi P, Pappas PG, Procop GW, Redhead SA, Rhoads DD, Riedel S, Stevens B, Sullivan KO, Vergidis P, Roilides E, Seyedmousavi A, Tao L, Vicente VA, Vitale RG, Wang QM, Wengenack NL, Westblade L, Wiederhold N, White L, Wojewoda CM, Zhang SX. A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0087323. [PMID: 37882528 PMCID: PMC10662369 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00873-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level. Some suggestions are made here to reduce the number of name changes. We urge taxonomists to provide diagnostic markers of taxonomic novelties. Given the instability of phylogenetic trees due to variable taxon sampling, we advocate to maintain genera at the largest possible size. Reporting of identified species in complexes or series should where possible comprise both the name of the overarching species and that of the molecular sibling, often cryptic species. Because the use of different names for the same species will be unavoidable for many years to come, an open access online database of the names of all medically important fungi, with proper nomenclatural designation and synonymy, is essential. We further recommend that while taxonomic discovery continues, the adaptation of new name changes by clinical laboratories and clinicians be reviewed routinely by a standing committee for validation and stability over time, with reference to an open access database, wherein reasons for changes are listed in a transparent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren de Hoog
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA)
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics
| | - Sarah A. Ahmed
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, the Netherlands
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D. Alexander
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maiken Cavling Arendrup
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST)
| | - Esther Babady
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Feng-Yan Bai
- Mycology Committee of Chinese Society for Microbiology
- Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Medical Mycology Society of Chinese Medicine and Education Association
- Asia Pacific Society for Medical Mycology
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health
- Mycological Society of China (MSC)
| | - Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Borman
- National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Fungal Pathogens, Medical Mycology Unit, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Andrew Clark
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C. Colgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA)
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanis C. Dingle
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philippe J. Dufresne
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Mycology Department, Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeff Fuller
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Department of Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Connie Gibas
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Glasgow
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne Gräser
- Department of Parasitology (Charité), Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Guillot
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health
- Onoris, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Andreas H. Groll
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Haase
- Laboratory Diagnostic Center, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kimberly Hanson
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda Harrington
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Loyola University Health System, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Jilin Agricultural University, Chanchung, China
- General Committee for Nomenclature, International Botanical Congress (IBC)
- Advisory Board of International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF)
| | - Randall T. Hayden
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- European Hematology Association, Specialized Working Group for Infections in Hematology, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristie Johnson
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UMMC Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julianne V. Kus
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Canada and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST)
- Medical Mycology Society of Chinese Medicine and Education Association
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Radboudumc-CWZ Centre of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- ISHAM Working Group on Diagnostics
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Lackner
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sixto M. Leal Jr.
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Francesca Lee
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn R. Lockhart
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul Luethy
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UMMC Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella Martin
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA)
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Hong Nguyen
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palavecino
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Preeti Pancholi
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical Microbiology at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter G. Pappas
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary W. Procop
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- The American Board of Pathology, Tampa, Florida, USA
- American Board of Pathology (ABP)
| | - Scott A. Redhead
- Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, International Mycological Association (IMA)
- National Mycological Herbarium, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel D. Rhoads
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Riedel
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Stevens
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaede Ota Sullivan
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paschalis Vergidis
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amir Seyedmousavi
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Fungal Infection Study Group, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (EFISG/ESCMID), Basel, Switzerland
- ISHAM Working Group Veterinary Mycology and One Health
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lili Tao
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vania A. Vicente
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roxana G. Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Nancy L. Wengenack
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars Westblade
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Mycoses Study Group, Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
- Medical Mycological Society of the Americas (MMSA)
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lewis White
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christina M. Wojewoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sean X. Zhang
- International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Working Group Nomenclature
- Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Sharp A, Muller-Pebody B, Charlett A, Patel B, Gorton R, Lambourne J, Cummins M, Alcolea-Medina A, Wilks M, Smith R, Mack D, Hopkins S, Dodgson A, Burns P, Perera N, Lim F, Rao G, Khanna P, Johnson E, Borman A, Schelenz S, Guy R, Conneely J, Manuel RJ, Brown CS. Screening for Candida auris in patients admitted to eight intensive care units in England, 2017 to 2018. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:1900730. [PMID: 33632376 PMCID: PMC7908068 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.8.1900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCandida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen associated with bloodstream, wound and other infections, especially in critically ill patients. C. auris carriage is persistent and is difficult to eradicate from the hospital environment.AimWe aimed to pilot admission screening for C. auris in intensive care units (ICUs) in England to estimate prevalence in the ICU population and to inform public health guidance.MethodsBetween May 2017 and April 2018, we screened admissions to eight adult ICUs in hospitals with no previous cases of C. auris, in three major cities. Swabs were taken from the nose, throat, axilla, groin, perineum, rectum and catheter urine, then cultured and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Patient records were linked to routine ICU data to describe and compare the demographic and health indicators of the screened cohort with a national cohort of ICU patients admitted between 2016 and 2017.ResultsAll C. auris screens for 921 adults from 998 admissions were negative. The upper confidence limit of the pooled prevalence across all sites was 0.4%. Comparison of the screened cohort with the national cohort showed it was broadly similar to the national cohort with respect to demographics and co-morbidities.ConclusionThese findings imply that C. auris colonisation among patients admitted to ICUs in England is currently rare. We would not currently recommend widespread screening for C. auris in ICUs in England. Hospitals should continue to screen high-risk individuals based on local risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sharp
- Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andre Charlett
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Patel
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Gorton
- Health Service Laboratories, LLP, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mark Wilks
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Smith
- Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Mack
- Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Hopkins
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dodgson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Phillipa Burns
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nelun Perera
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Felicia Lim
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gopal Rao
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Khanna
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Borman
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rebecca Guy
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Conneely
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohini J Manuel
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S Brown
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Delhaes L, Touati K, Faure-Cognet O, Cornet M, Botterel F, Dannaoui E, Morio F, Le Pape P, Grenouillet F, Favennec L, Le Gal S, Nevez G, Duhamel A, Borman A, Saegeman V, Lagrou K, Gomez E, Carro ML, Canton R, Campana S, Buzina W, Chen S, Meyer W, Roilides E, Simitsopoulou M, Manso E, Cariani L, Biffi A, Fiscarelli E, Ricciotti G, Pihet M, Bouchara JP. Prevalence, geographic risk factor, and development of a standardized protocol for fungal isolation in cystic fibrosis: Results from the international prospective study "MFIP". J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:212-220. [PMID: 30348610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kada Touati
- University & CHU of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Odile Faure-Cognet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Muriel Cornet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Veroniek Saegeman
- University of Leuven, National Reference center for Mycosis, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- University of Leuven, National Reference center for Mycosis, Belgium
| | - Elia Gomez
- Hosital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Maiz-Luis Carro
- Hosital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Canton
- Hosital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sharon Chen
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Marie Bashir Institute for Biosecurity and Emerging Infections, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Marie Bashir Institute for Biosecurity and Emerging Infections, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Cariani
- Microbiology and Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Biffi
- Microbiology and Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Italy
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5
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Kean R, Delaney C, Sherry L, Borman A, Johnson EM, Richardson MD, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Williams C, Ramage G. Transcriptome Assembly and Profiling of Candida auris Reveals Novel Insights into Biofilm-Mediated Resistance. mSphere 2018; 3:e00334-18. [PMID: 29997121 PMCID: PMC6041501 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00334-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris has emerged as a significant global nosocomial pathogen. This is primarily due to its antifungal resistance profile but also its capacity to form adherent biofilm communities on a range of clinically important substrates. While we have a comprehensive understanding of how other Candida species resist and respond to antifungal challenge within the sessile phenotype, our current understanding of C. auris biofilm-mediated resistance is lacking. In this study, we are the first to perform transcriptomic analysis of temporally developing C. auris biofilms, which were shown to exhibit phase- and antifungal class-dependent resistance profiles. A de novo transcriptome assembly was performed, where sequenced sample reads were assembled into an ~11.5-Mb transcriptome consisting of 5,848 genes. Differential expression (DE) analysis demonstrated that 791 and 464 genes were upregulated in biofilm formation and planktonic cells, respectively, with a minimum 2-fold change. Adhesin-related glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall genes were upregulated at all time points of biofilm formation. As the biofilm developed into intermediate and mature stages, a number of genes encoding efflux pumps were upregulated, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters. When we assessed efflux pump activity biochemically, biofilm efflux was greater than that of planktonic cells at 12 and 24 h. When these were inhibited, fluconazole sensitivity was enhanced 4- to 16-fold. This study demonstrates the importance of efflux-mediated resistance within complex C. auris communities and may explain the resistance of C. auris to a range of antimicrobial agents within the hospital environment.IMPORTANCE Fungal infections represent an important cause of human morbidity and mortality, particularly if the fungi adhere to and grow on both biological and inanimate surfaces as communities of cells (biofilms). Recently, a previously unrecognized yeast, Candida auris, has emerged globally that has led to widespread concern due to the difficulty in treating it with existing antifungal agents. Alarmingly, it is also able to grow as a biofilm that is highly resistant to antifungal agents, yet we are unclear about how it does this. Here, we used a molecular approach to investigate the genes that are important in causing the cells to be resistant within the biofilm. The work provides significant insights into the importance of efflux pumps, which actively pump out toxic antifungal drugs and therefore enhance fungal survival within a variety of harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kean
- Oral Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Healthcare, Policy and Practise, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leighann Sherry
- Oral Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Borman
- National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England South-West, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Johnson
- National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England South-West, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester & University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester & University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Williams
- Institute of Healthcare, Policy and Practise, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB)‡
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB)‡
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6
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Sherry L, Ramage G, Kean R, Borman A, Johnson EM, Richardson MD, Rautemaa-Richardson R. Biofilm-Forming Capability of Highly Virulent, Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:328-331. [PMID: 28098553 PMCID: PMC5324806 DOI: 10.3201/eid2302.161320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen Candida auris has attracted considerable attention as a source of healthcare–associated infections. We report that this highly virulent yeast has the capacity to form antifungal resistant biofilms sensitive to the disinfectant chlorhexidine in vitro.
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7
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Abstract
The emerging pathogen Candida auris has been associated with nosocomial outbreaks on five continents. Genetic analysis indicates the simultaneous emergence of separate clades of this organism in different geographical locations. Invasive infection and colonization have been detected predominantly in patients in high-dependency settings and have garnered attention due to variable antifungal resistance profiles and transmission within units instituting a range of infection prevention and control measures. Issues with the identification of C. auris using both phenotypic and molecular techniques have raised concerns about detecting the true scale of the problem. This review considers the literature available on C. auris and highlights the key unknowns, which will provide direction for further work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jeffery-Smith
- Public Health England, United Kingdom
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Surabhi K Taori
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Colin S Brown
- Public Health England, United Kingdom
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Barton E, Borman A, Johnson E, Sherlock J, Giles A. Pseudo-outbreak of Fusarium oxysporum associated with bronchoscopy. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:197-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Ciepielewski ZM, Stojek W, Borman A, Myślińska D, Pałczyńska P, Kamyczek M. The effects of ryanodine receptor (RYR1) mutation on natural killer cell cytotoxicity, plasma cytokines and stress hormones during acute intermittent exercise in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:77-86. [PMID: 27033913 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress susceptibility has been mapped to a single recessive gene, the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene or halothane (Hal) gene. Homozygous (Hal(nn)), mutated pigs are sensitive to halothane and susceptible to Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS). Previous studies have shown that stress-susceptible RYR1 gene mutated homozygotes in response to restraint stress showed an increase in natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) accompanied by more pronounced stress-related hormone and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes. In order to determine the relationship of a RYR1 gene mutation with NKCC, plasma cytokines and stress-related hormones following a different stress model - exercise - 36 male pigs (representing different genotypes according to RYR1 gene mutation: NN, homozygous dominant; Nn, heterozygous; nn, homozygous recessive) were submitted to an intermittent treadmill walking. During the entire experiment the greatest level of NKCC and the greatest concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN-)γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and stress-related hormones (adrenaline, prolactin, beta-endorphin) were observed in nn pigs, and the greatest concentration of IL-1 and growth hormone in NN pigs. Immunostimulatory effects of intermittent exercise on NKCC in nn pigs were concomitant with increases in IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ, the potent NKCC activators. Our findings suggest that stress-susceptible pigs RYR1 gene mutated pigs develop a greater level of NKCC and cytokine production in response to exercise stress. These results suggest that the heterogeneity of immunological and neuroendocrine response to exercise stress in pigs could be influenced by RYR1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ciepielewski
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - W Stojek
- Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
| | - A Borman
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - D Myślińska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Pałczyńska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Kamyczek
- Experimental Station Pawłowice, 64-122 Pawłowice, National Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Kraków, Poland
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McElnea
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Farrell
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Breda Lynch
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ken Bishop
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Dorinda Mullen
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, County Waterford, Ireland
| | - Andrew Borman
- Public Health England Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Laboratory, Myrtle Road, Bristol, UK
| | - Gareth Higgins
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, County Waterford, Ireland
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11
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Touati K, Faure C, Cornet M, Botterel F, Dannaoui E, Morio F, Lepape P, Grenouillet F, Favennec L, Le Gal S, Nevez G, Borman A, Saegeman V, Lagrou K, Gomez E, Caro-Luis M, Canton R, Campana S, Buzina W, Chen S, Meyer W, Roilides E, Simitsopoulou M, Manso E, Cariani L, Biffi A, Fiscarelli E, Riccioti G, Sendid B, Pihet M, Bouchara JP, Delhaes L. Evaluation of the risk of fungal colonization/infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: An international prospective study comparing the performance of media for mycological culturing MucoFong International Project (MFIP). J Mycol Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Pihet M, Ghamrawi S, Legras P, Renier G, Mabilleau G, Delneste Y, Borman A, Symoens F, Chabasse D, Bouchara JP. Rôle de la mélanine dans la virulence d’ Aspergillus fumigatus. J Mycol Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Ciepielewski ZM, Stojek W, Borman A, Myślińska D, Glac W, Kamyczek M. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity, cytokine and neuroendocrine responses to opioid receptor blockade during prolonged restraint in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:975-85. [PMID: 24148869 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated porcine natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC), plasma cytokines including interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α and plasma stress-related hormones including prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), β-endorphin (BEND), ACTH and cortisol (COR) during a 4h restraint and recovery phase after saline or naloxone (1mg/kg BW) administration. The restraint preceded with saline altered NKCC and IL-12 concentration (an early from 15 to 60 min increase followed by a decrease) and increased other measured cytokines and hormones concentrations. Naloxone pretreatment blocked the suppressive effects of the restraint on NKCC and IL-12 and altered IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, PRL and ACTH concentrations. Furthermore, in naloxone-injected pigs, a positive correlation was found between NKCC and all measured cytokines (with the exception of IL-6) and BEND, ACTH and COR. Results suggest that naloxone-sensitive opioid pathways could influence the mechanisms underlying the immune system (including NKCC) response during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ciepielewski
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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14
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Cartwright KE, Clark TW, Hussain AM, Wiselka M, Borman A, Johnson EM. Eumycetoma of the hand caused by Leptosphaeria tompkinsii and refractory to medical therapy with voriconazole. Mycopathologia 2011; 172:311-5. [PMID: 21567225 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the first case of eumycetoma caused by the organism Leptosphaeria tompkinsii to be diagnosed and possibly acquired within the United Kingdom. Conventional culture of fungal grains and surgical tissue specimens was negative and the diagnosis was achieved using panfungal polymerase chain reaction and sequencing technology. Despite limited surgical resection and prolonged antifungal therapy with voriconazole, the patient developed progressive disease with mycetoma bone involvement. This case highlights the usefulness of molecular diagnostic techniques in eumycetoma where organisms may fail to grow with conventional culture or be difficult to identify morphologically. It also reminds us that eumycetoma is a difficult infection to treat and despite optimism regarding the efficacy of the newer triazole antifungals in this condition, treatment failures may still occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Cartwright
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Level 6 Windsor building, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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Glac W, Borman A, Badtke P, Stojek W, Orlikowska A, Tokarski J. Amphetamine enhances natural killer cytotoxic activity via beta-adrenergic mechanism. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57 Suppl 11:125-32. [PMID: 17244944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although addiction to amphetamine (AMPH) is a serious social and medical problem, the data concerning AMPH - immune interactions are still not numerous. To analyze the mechanism of AMPH-induced changes in the function of the immune system, rats were pretreated with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (PROP; 5 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to AMPH (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Natural Killer cells cytotoxicity (NKCC) ((51)Cr-release assay), the number of LGLs (NK cells) (Timonen method), leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, and plasma corticosterone level (CORT) (RIA) were evaluated in the peripheral blood and spleen. In the peripheral blood increases in NKCC (+331 Delta %), as well as in LGL (+33 Delta %) and monocyte (+65 Delta %) number observed after AMPH were partially inhibited by PROP (respectively by 30%, 19%, and 30%) in contrast to lymphopenia (-19 Delta %) and granulocytosis (+65 Delta %) which were not affected by beta-blockade. In the spleen AMPH-induced decreases in NKCC (-25 Delta %) and in all the leukocyte populations number (approximately -30 Delta %) were completely blocked by PROP. Plasma CORT level, highly elevated by AMPH (+337 Delta %), was attenuated nearly by 50% under beta-adrenergic blockade. These data indicate that AMPH-induced enhancement of cytotoxic activity of NK cell is related to beta-adrenergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Glac
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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16
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Stojek W, Borman A, Glac W, Baracz-Jóźwik B, Witek B, Kamyczek M, Tokarski J. Stress-induced enhancement of activity of lymphocyte lysosomal enzymes in pigs of different stress-susceptibility. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57 Suppl 8:61-72. [PMID: 17242473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate a possible mechanism of stress-induced lymphopenic effect we assessed the activity of lymphocyte lysosomal enzymes (LE) under immobilization. The effects of immobilization stress on LE (AP, acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and L, beta-N-acetyl-glucosamidase) activity in lymphocytes, number of lymphocytes and plasma cortisol (COR) level in the peripheral blood were examined in the cross-bred Pietrain pigs showing genotypic (presence or lack of RyR1 gene mutation) and phenotypic (reactivity to halothane) differences. It was found that immobilization stress evoked an increase in LE which was concomitant with lymphopenia and a rise of COR level. The most pronounced enhancement of LE, which may reflect a tendency to lymphocyte cytolysis, was found in the recessive homozygotes RyR1 (nn) phenotypically defined as stress/halothane susceptible as well as in the heterozygotes RyR1 (Nn) included in the group of stress/halothane resistant. Despite this individual variability the stress-induced increase in LE activity was present in all the animals. It seems that a possibility of destruction (lysis) of lymphocyte cells should not be excluded as one of the causes of stress lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stojek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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17
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Jurkowski M, Trojniar W, Borman A, Ciepielewski Z, Siemion D, Tokarski J. Peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity after damage to the limbic system in the rat. Brain Behav Immun 2001; 15:93-113. [PMID: 11259084 DOI: 10.1006/brbi.2000.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was aimed at examining the possible involvement of different parts of the septal area (dorsal, medial, lateral, and septohypothalamic nucleus), the basolateral amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the regulation of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells (NKCC). The experimental approach included performing electrolytic (or sham) lesions in the tested brain areas and to measuring the peripheral blood NKCC (chromium-51 release assay), the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, and the plasma corticosterone levels both before and at different time points after the lesion. Lesions were also induced in the three extralimbic structures: the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the dorsal caudate-putamen, and the cerebellum. To test for a possible effect on NKCC of stress associated with blood collection, anesthesia, cranial surgery, and passing electric current through the brain the proper control experiments were also performed. Lesions of the medial septum and BNST caused gradual depression of NKCC, which peaked on the 10th day after the lesion, followed by a recovery to the baseline on days 21 (medial septum) and 42 (BNST) postinjury. In the respective sham-lesioned groups, mere insertion of electrodes into the medial septum and BNST evoked transient enhancement of NKCC (on the 3rd postlesion day), probably resulting from mechanical stimulation of the nervous tissue. Destruction of the other limbic and extralimbic structures appeared ineffective. After PVN lesions NKCC remained unchanged, despite an approximately 60% decrease in the basal corticosterone level. No adverse effects of the experimental and surgical procedures on NKCC, leukocyte and lymphocyte number, and corticosterone level were found, indicating that electrolytic lesions and other stereotaxic techniques can be safely used to study the brain-immune system interactions. The results obtained raise the question about the interrelationship between the medial septum and the hippocampal formation, BNST, the medial amygdala, and the hypothalamus (both medial and lateral) as a possible circuit involved in the regulation of cellular immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jurkowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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Wrona D, Trojniar W, Borman A, Ciepielewski Z, Tokarski J. Stress-induced changes in peripheral natural killer cell cytotoxicity in pigs may not depend on plasma cortisol. Brain Behav Immun 2001; 15:54-64. [PMID: 11259080 DOI: 10.1006/brbi.2000.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined cortisol (COR) involvement in stress-related changes in natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC). The relationship between blood COR level, phasic changes in NKCC, and the number of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) was examined in pigs during the course of 4-h immobilization stress (IMB) and for 6 days after its termination. NKCC was determined using 18-h 51Cr-release assay, LGL number was assessed with a standard hematological method, and plasma COR level was measured by radioimmunoassay. The blood level of COR was increasing during IMB (max 446Delta% at the second hour) and decreased after its termination (max -59Delta% on day 2). Changes in NKCC level and LGL number were biphasic; i.e., an initial increase in both measures (NKCC max 24Delta%, LGL max 18Delta%) in an early phase of stress (0-1h) was followed by their subsequent decrease (NKCC max -35Delta%, LGL max -41Delta%) in the late phase (3-4 h) of stress, which persisted for several days after termination of IMB. Thus, in the early phase of stress, there was a positive correlation between NKCC, LGL number, and COR levels (all elevated); a positive correlation between the measures also occurred after termination of IMB (all decreased). A negative correlation between COR and NKCC, which might be indicative of COR-related immunosuppression, was found only in the late (3-4 h) phase of stress. It is concluded that COR may be only one of multiple factors (possibly antagonistic) determining an actual immune response during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wrona
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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Borman A, Lo C. Can not-for-profits learn from for-profits? Fund Raising Manage 1995; 26:24-7. [PMID: 10144160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Marketing management will help you maintain service quality, keep donors satisfied and generate a dependable source of income. For-profits survive on these activities.
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Borman A, Howell MT, Patton JG, Jackson RJ. The involvement of a spliceosome component in internal initiation of human rhinovirus RNA translation. J Gen Virol 1993; 74 ( Pt 9):1775-88. [PMID: 8397279 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-9-1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) belong to different genera of the picornavirus family, but the translation of the RNAs of both viruses is by the same mechanism, that is, internal ribosome entry. In rabbit reticulocyte lysates this translation initiation is efficient for mRNAs bearing the EMCV 5' untranslated region (5' UTR), but very inefficient for mRNAs bearing the HRV 5' UTR, unless factors from HeLa cells are added. The copurification of the HeLa cell translation stimulatory activity with proteins which can be specifically cross-linked to the HRV 5' UTR by u.v. irradiation has been examined. Both the EMCV and HRV 5' UTRs can be cross-linked to a 58/60K protein doublet present in HeLa cell extracts in higher amounts than in reticulocyte lysates, which is shown to be very similar, if not identical to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) previously identified as a component of a multi-subunit complex necessary for pre-mRNA splicing. However, the activity in HeLa cell extracts that specifically stimulates translation initiation on mRNAs with the HRV 5' UTR does not copurify with the majority of the 58/60K protein present in these extracts, but copurifies with a minor fraction of these proteins and with a 97K protein which can be cross-linked to the HRV 5' UTR but not to the EMCV 5' UTR, and which is absent from reticulocyte lysates. It is proposed that the specific translation initiation stimulatory activity found in HeLa cells is due to a high M(r) complex containing the 97K polypeptide and PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Abstract
In order to map the 3' boundary of the segments needed for translation initiation at the correct site on human rhinovirus 2, deletions were made from the 3' end of the viral 5'-untranslated region. These truncated viral segments were placed immediately upstream of a reporter gene, a derivative of the influenza virus NS cDNA, either as monocistronic constructs or as dicistronic constructs in which the upstream cistron was the Xenopus laevis cyclin B2 cDNA. In vitro transcripts of these clones were translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, with or without supplementation with crude HeLa cell initiation factors, or in a HeLa cell-free system. When the full-length viral 5'-untranslated region was present, the HeLa cell factors strongly stimulated the synthesis of the NS-related polypeptides, especially in the case of the dicistronic mRNAs. Deletions from the 3' end extending up to nt 562 had little effect on translation efficiency or the response to HeLa cell factors, but more extensive deletions resulted in the complete loss of response to these factors, an almost total inhibition of NS synthesis from dicistronic mRNAs, and a partial inhibition in the case of the monocistronic mRNAs. In the case of a deletion extending to nt 554, insertion of a 15 nucleotide residue linker failed to restore efficient translation initiation. We conclude that the essential sequences for internal initiation extend to a point located between nt 554 and 562, and that the ribosome entry site, defined as the most 5'-proximal point where the ribosome can bind in an initiation-competent manner, must lie within 6 residues on either side of nt 562, and certainly not further downstream than nt 568.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tokarski J, Wrona D, Piskorzynska M, Borman A, Witkowski J, Jurkowski M, Kamyczek M. The influence of immobilization stress on natural killer cytotoxic activity in halothane susceptible and resistant pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 31:371-6. [PMID: 1589959 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90023-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In halothane-susceptible (Hal+) and halothane-resistant (Hal-) Belgian Landrace pigs, the influence of immobilization stress on cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated. Four hour immobilization causes biphasic changes in cytotoxicity, i.e. an initial increase followed by a subsequent depression. In both groups of pigs stress-induced suppression of NK cell activity lasted for several days in the post stress period. Throughout the experiment, i.e. before, during and after stress, the level of cytotoxicity was higher in Hal+ than in Hal- pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tokarski
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Lerner LJ, Bianchi A, Yiacas E, Borman A. Effects of hydroxyurea and related compounds on the blood and marrow of experimental animals. Cancer Res 1966; 26:2292-6. [PMID: 5956632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hilf R, Bell C, Michel I, Freeman JJ, Borman A. Effect of hydroxyurea and related compounds on HMC mammary tumor growth and nucleic acids in Fischer rats. Cancer Res 1966; 26:2286-91. [PMID: 5956631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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