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Wyatt ML, Sokolow AG, Brown RF, Kaslow JA, Tolle JJ, Weiner DJ, Rosas-Salazar C. Prevalence, stability, and clinical significance of an isolated low FEV 1 spirometry pattern in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38558514 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In adults, an isolated low FEV1 pattern (an FEV1 below the lower limit of normal with a preserved FVC and FEV1/FVC) has been associated with the risk of developing airway obstruction. Our objective was to examine the prevalence, stability, and clinical significance of an isolated low FEV1 pattern in the pediatric population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of spirometries from children ages 6-21 years and categorized tests into spirometry patterns according to published guidelines and recent literature. In a subgroup of tests with an isolated low FEV1 pattern, we evaluated spirometry technique. We also examined the association of having a test with an isolated low FEV1 pattern with clinical markers of disease severity in a subgroup of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). RESULTS The isolated low FEV1 pattern was uncommon across the 29,979 tests included (n = 645 [2%]). In the 263 children with an isolated low FEV1 pattern who had a follow-up test performed, the most frequent spirometry pattern at last test was normal (n = 123 [47%]). A primary diagnosis of CF was associated with increased odds of having at least one test with an isolated low FEV1 pattern (OR = 8.37, 95% CI = 4.70-15.96, p < .001). The spirometry quality in a subgroup of tests with an isolated low FEV1 pattern (n = 50) was satisfactory. In the subgroup of children with CF (n = 102), those who had a test with an isolated low FEV1 pattern had higher odds of using oral antibiotics in the last 12 months than those who had a normal pattern (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.15-10.63, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The isolated low FEV1 pattern can occur repeatedly over time, usually transitions to a normal pattern, is not due to a poor spirometry technique, and could be clinically relevant in children with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie L Wyatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebekah F Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob A Kaslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James J Tolle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Reasoner SA, Bernard R, Waalkes A, Penewit K, Lewis J, Sokolow AG, Brown RF, Edwards KM, Salipante SJ, Hadjifrangiskou M, Nicholson MR. Longitudinal profiling of the intestinal microbiome in children with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor. mBio 2024; 15:e0193523. [PMID: 38275294 PMCID: PMC10865789 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01935-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome influences growth and disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA), the newest pharmaceutical modulator for CF, restores the function of the pathogenic mutated CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel. We performed a single-center longitudinal analysis of the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on the intestinal microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and clinical parameters in children with CF. Following ELX/TEZ/IVA, children with CF had significant improvements in body mass index and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, and required fewer antibiotics for respiratory infections. Intestinal microbiome diversity increased following ELX/TEZ/IVA coupled with a decrease in the intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, the predominant respiratory pathogen in children with CF. There was a reduced abundance of microbiome-encoded antibiotic resistance genes. Microbial pathways for aerobic respiration were reduced after ELX/TEZ/IVA. The abundance of microbial acid tolerance genes was reduced, indicating microbial adaptation to increased CFTR function. In all, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the intestinal microbiome in children with CF receiving ELX/TEZ/IVA.IMPORTANCECystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease with significant gastrointestinal symptoms in addition to pulmonary complications. Recently approved treatments for CF, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, are anticipated to substantially improve the care of people with CF and extend their lifespans. Prior work has shown that the intestinal microbiome correlates with health outcomes in CF, particularly in children. Here, we study the intestinal microbiome of children with CF before and after the CFTR modulator, ELX/TEZ/IVA. We identify promising improvements in microbiome diversity, reduced measures of intestinal inflammation, and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. We present specific bacterial taxa and protein groups which change following ELX/TEZ/IVA. These results will inform future mechanistic studies to understand the microbial improvements associated with CFTR modulator treatment. This study demonstrates how the microbiome can change in response to a targeted medication that corrects a genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Reasoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelsi Penewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janessa Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebekah F. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maribeth R. Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Reasoner SA, Bernard R, Waalkes A, Penewit K, Lewis J, Sokolow AG, Brown RF, Edwards KM, Salipante SJ, Hadjifrangiskou M, Nicholson MR. Longitudinal Profiling of the Intestinal Microbiome in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Treated with Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor. medRxiv 2023:2023.08.11.23293949. [PMID: 37645804 PMCID: PMC10462202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.23293949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome influences growth and disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA), the newest pharmaceutical modulator for CF, restores function of the pathogenic mutated CFTR channel. We performed a single-center longitudinal analysis of the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on the intestinal microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and clinical parameters in children with CF. Following ELX/TEZ/IVA, children with CF had significant improvements in BMI, ppFEV1 and required fewer antibiotics for respiratory infections. Intestinal microbiome diversity increased following ELX/TEZ/IVA coupled with a decrease in the intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, the predominant respiratory pathogen in children with CF. There was a reduced abundance of microbiome-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes. Microbial pathways for aerobic respiration were reduced after ELX/TEZ/IVA. The abundance of microbial acid tolerance genes was reduced, indicating microbial adaptation to increased CFTR function. In all, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the intestinal microbiome in children with CF receiving ELX/TEZ/IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Reasoner
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Bernard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelsi Penewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janessa Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sokolow
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebekah F. Brown
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maribeth R. Nicholson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Reasoner SA, Fazili IF, Bernard R, Parnell JM, Sokolow AG, Thomsen KF, Edwards KM, Brown RF, Nicholson MR. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Sequelae of Asymptomatic Clostridioides difficile Colonization in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:884-887. [PMID: 36585317 PMCID: PMC10300225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with CF (pwCF) have high antibiotic use and an altered intestinal microbiome, known risk factors for infection with Clostridioides difficile. However, in adults with CF, C. difficile infection (CDI) is uncommon and asymptomatic colonization with C. difficile occurs frequently, for reasons that remain unclear. We investigated the rate, risk factors, and sequelae of asymptomatic C. difficile colonization in children with CF (cwCF). We identified that 32% of cwCF were colonized with C. difficile without acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Higher BMI and exposure to specific antibiotic classes (cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and vancomycin) were significantly associated with C. difficile colonization. No children developed symptomatic CDI in 90-days following enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Reasoner
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Irtiqa F Fazili
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rachel Bernard
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jacob M Parnell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kelly F Thomsen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rebekah F Brown
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Maribeth R Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, United States of America; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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5
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Kaslow JA, Sokolow AG, Donnelly T, Buchowski MS, Markham LW, Burnette WB, Soslow JH. Spirometry correlates with physical activity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1034-1041. [PMID: 36571207 PMCID: PMC10023371 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with progressive muscle weakness and respiratory decline. To date, studies have focused on respiratory decline and loss of ambulation as a metric of loss of skeletal muscle strength. However, new functional measures can assess skeletal muscle disease regardless of ambulatory status. The relationship between these tests and concurrent lung function is currently unexplored. OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between spirometry measurements and functional muscle assessments such as accelerometry and quantitative muscle testing (QMT). METHODS Enrolled patients with DMD underwent accelerometry and QMT at study clinic visits. Any pulmonary function testing within 6 months of visit was obtained from the electronic medical record. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between spirometry and functional muscle testing. RESULTS Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) demonstrated the strongest correlation with accelerometry. Both FVC and FEV1 showed a similar relationship to accelerometry when activity was divided into intensity categories, with low intensity and moderate-to-vigorous activity categories showing the strongest correlation. Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and FVC showed the most robust correlations with total QMT (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Lung function, specifically FVC percent predicted and FEV1 %p, shows a good correlation with upper and lower extremity skeletal muscle functional testing such as accelerometry and QMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Kaslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas Donnelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas P Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Larry W Markham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - William Bryan Burnette
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas P Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Saxena S, Doyle PW, Baron CM, Doyle TP, Sokolow AG. Rare Cause of Hypoxemia in a Toddler: New Diagnosis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023. [PMID: 36662634 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1703im] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Saxena
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 12328, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Patrick W Doyle
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 12327, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher M Baron
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 12328, Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Thomas P Doyle
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 12328, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 12328, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States;
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7
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Rolsma SL, An G, Fishbane N, Fissell W, Gu K, Jimenez N, Kirkpatrick C, Landersdorfer CB, Nation RL, Patel PC, Sokolow AG, Sokolow K, Teresi ME, Kontos M, Watanabe A, Winokur P, Buddy Creech C. 597. Are We Dosing Correctly? Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cefepime, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Meropenem in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent bacterial pulmonary exacerbations. The management of these infections becomes increasingly complex due to decreased antimicrobial susceptibility and inadequate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characterization of the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in this population.
Methods
One hundred fifty-five pediatric and adult participants receiving cefepime (n=82), meropenem (n=42), or piperacillin-tazobactam (n=31) were enrolled. Opportunistic blood samples were obtained during hospitalization. Population PK (PopPK) analysis was conducted using nonlinear mixed effects modeling in NONMEM, and clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated as potential covariates. Monte Carlo simulations evaluated the probability of PK/PD target attainment (PTA) for different dosing regimens. Multiple targets, defined as percentage of a 24-h time period that the free drug concentration exceeds the MIC (fT > MIC), were selected based on prior studies of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Results
Preliminary PopPK modeling results show that lean body weight, creatinine clearance, daily dose, mode of administration (standard vs. extended infusion), and age affect PK parameters, with varying effects by drug. As anticipated, extended or continuous infusions resulted in higher PTA (Table 1). In the cefepime group, the 3-h infusion regimen achieved higher PTAs than the 0.5-h regimen across all age groups (Figure 1, Figure 2). Estimated breakpoints (in which ≥ 90% of patients are expected to achieve a PK/PD target) were 2-4 fold higher in pediatric participants receiving a 3-h infusion vs. 0.5-h infusion, based on age and target fT > MIC (Table 1). In the meropenem group, increased creatinine clearance led to reduced PTA, and in the piperacillin-tazobactam group, total daily dose and interval were the principal drivers of PTA. Table 1:Breakpoints (mg/L, highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with ≥ 90% PK target attainment) for different infusion durations, based on Monte Carlo simulations.Figure 1:Comparison of PTA between the two durations of infusion for 50 mg/kg (3 to 11 years) or 2 g (12 years and above) cefepime q8h at the target of 65% fT> MIC.Figure 2:Comparison of PTA between two durations of infusion for 50 mg/kg (3 to 11 years) or 2 g (12 years and above) cefepime q8h at the target of 100% fT> MIC.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the largest PopPK study to date of these antimicrobials in individuals with CF. Clinicians should incorporate local antibiograms with these PopPK models to determine optimal dosing in patients with CF, since standard dosing regimens may fail to achieve specific PK/PD targets. This population may also benefit from beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring.
Disclosures
C. Buddy Creech, MD, MPH, Altimmune: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Premier: Advisor/Consultant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guohua An
- University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | - Roger L Nation
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria , Australia
| | | | | | | | - Mary E Teresi
- University of Iowa, College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | | | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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Sokolow AG, Stallings AP, Kercsmar C, Harrington T, Jimenez-Truque N, Zhu Y, Sokolow K, Moody MA, Schlaudecker EP, Walter EB, Staat MA, Broder KR, Creech CB. Safety of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Children With Asthma. Pediatrics 2022; 149:185673. [PMID: 35342923 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Asthma is considered a precaution for use of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) in persons aged ≥5 years because of concerns for wheezing events. We evaluated the safety of LAIV4 in children with asthma, comparing the proportion of children with asthma exacerbations after LAIV4 or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4). METHODS We enrolled 151 children with asthma, aged 5 to 17 years, during 2 influenza seasons. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive IIV4 or LAIV4 and monitored for asthma symptoms, exacerbations, changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and changes in the asthma control test for 42 days after vaccination. RESULTS We included 142 participants in the per-protocol analysis. Within 42 days postvaccination, 18 of 142 (13%) experienced an asthma exacerbation: 8 of 74 (11%) in the LAIV4 group versus 10 of 68 (15%) in the IIV4 group (LAIV4-IIV4 = -0.0390 [90% confidence interval -0.1453 to 0.0674]), meeting the bounds for noninferiority. When adjusted for asthma severity, LAIV4 remained noninferior to IIV4. There were no significant differences in the frequency of asthma symptoms, change in PEFR, or childhood asthma control test/asthma control test scores in the 14 days postvaccination between LAIV4 and IIV4 recipients. Vaccine reactogenicity was similar between groups, although sore throat (P = .051) and myalgia (P <.001) were more common in the IIV4 group. CONCLUSIONS LAIV4 was not associated with increased frequency of asthma exacerbations, an increase in asthma-related symptoms, or a decrease in PEFR compared with IIV4 among children aged 5 to 17 years with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Sokolow
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine.,Departments ofPediatrics
| | - Amy P Stallings
- Division of Allergy and Immunology.,Department of Pediatrics
| | - Carolyn Kercsmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Theresa Harrington
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natalia Jimenez-Truque
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Katherine Sokolow
- Departments ofPediatrics.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Department of Pediatrics.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Department of Pediatrics.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary Allen Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Karen R Broder
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Kaslow JA, Soslow JH, Burnette WB, Raucci FJ, Hills TJ, Ibach MG, Hebblethwaite RC, Arps KM, Sokolow AG. Improving Access and Guideline Adherence in Pulmonary Care in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Respir Care 2022; 67:347-352. [PMID: 34876494 PMCID: PMC8984916 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.09502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating, progressive neuromuscular disease that results in cardiopulmonary failure and death. In 2018, the DMD Care Considerations guidelines were updated to improve the multidisciplinary approach to care and promote early respiratory management. We sought to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary clinic on access to pulmonary care and adherence to respiratory care guidelines. METHODS Utilizing retrospective data, we assessed for pulmonary care between 2016-2019 and congruence with guidelines from March 2018-February 2019. Using a standardized visit protocol, subjects were monitored for adherence to pulmonary function testing (PFT) and polysomnography (PSG) recommendations. RESULTS Of the 84 subjects with DMD, only 51.2% had prior pulmonary involvement, and approximately one-third were seen in the year prior to clinic onset. Only 23% of subjects with a pulmonary referral completed this visit. After clinic initiation, the average age of a subject's first pulmonary contact decreased from 11.8 y to 7.9 y (P < .001), and 45% of the 77 unique clinic subjects had no previous pulmonary encounter. Adherence to PFT guidelines increased in both ambulatory (8.7% to 86.1%) and non-ambulatory subjects (25.9% to 90.1%). Approximately 79% of subjects seen in clinic either completed or had an order for PSG in the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Development of a multispecialty clinic expanded access to pulmonary care and evaluation in subjects with DMD. Continued care in this clinic will allow a better understanding of barriers to access and the opportunity to monitor long-term pulmonary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Kaslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William B Burnette
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Frank J Raucci
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tracy J Hills
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Section of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michaela G Ibach
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Section of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rita C Hebblethwaite
- Nutrition Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kara M Arps
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Kaslow JA, Sokolow AG, Donnelly T, Buchowski MS, Damon BM, Markham LW, Burnette WB, Soslow J. Leveraging Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Skeletal Muscle Progression in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:390-398. [PMID: 35300894 PMCID: PMC9117482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by muscle deterioration and progressive weakness. As a result, patients with DMD have significant cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality that worsens with age and loss of ambulation. Since most validated muscle assessments require ambulation, new functional measures of DMD progression are needed. Despite several evaluation methods available for monitoring disease progression, the relationship between these measures is unknown. We sought to assess the correlation between imaging metrics obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and functional assessments including quantitative muscle testing (QMT), spirometry, and accelerometry. Forty-nine patients with DMD were enrolled and underwent CMR, accelerometry and QMT at baseline, 1-year and 2-year clinic visits with temporally associated pulmonary function testing obtained from the medical record. Imaging of the upper extremity musculature (triceps and biceps) demonstrated the most robust correlations with accelerometry (p<0.03), QMT (p<0.02) and spirometry (p<0.01). T1-mapping of serratus anterior muscle showed a similar, but slightly weaker relationship with accelerometry and QMT. T2-mapping of serratus anterior demonstrated weak indirect correlation with aspects of accelerometry. These images are either routinely obtained in standard CMR or can be added to a protocol and may allow for a more comprehensive assessment of a patient's disease progression.
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Clegg JM, Malloy KW, Brown RF, Grisso AG, Sokolow AG. Ivacaftor withdrawal syndrome: A potentially life-threatening consequence from a life-saving medication. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:549-550. [PMID: 34391678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Clegg
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Kelsey W Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebekah F Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alison G Grisso
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Wurth M, Papantonakis CM, Nevel RJ, Thomas CS, Sokolow AG, Moore PE, Rosas-Salazar C. Risk Factors Associated with Asthma Development and Control in Children. Mouse Infestation, Antipyretics, Respiratory Viruses, and Allergic Sensitization. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 196:1605-1607. [PMID: 29064272 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201704-0696rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wurth
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christina M Papantonakis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebekah J Nevel
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Caroline S Thomas
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paul E Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Chadha AD, Thomsen IP, Jimenez-Truque N, Soper NR, Jones LS, Sokolow AG, Torres VJ, Creech CB. Host response to Staphylococcus aureus cytotoxins in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:597-604. [PMID: 26821814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the earliest bacterial pathogens to colonize the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis and is an important contributor to pulmonary exacerbations. The adaptive host response to S. aureus in cystic fibrosis remains inadequately defined and has important implications for pathogenesis and potential interventions. The objectives of this study were to determine the functional antibody response to select staphylococcal exotoxins (LukAB, alpha-hemolysin, and PVL) in children with cystic fibrosis and to evaluate the relationship of this response with pulmonary exacerbations. METHODS Fifty children with cystic fibrosis were enrolled and followed prospectively for 12months. Clinical characteristics and serologic profiles were assessed at routine visits and during pulmonary exacerbations, and functional antibody assessments were performed to measure neutralization of LukAB-mediated cytotoxicity. RESULTS For each antigen, geometric mean titers were significantly higher if S. aureus was detected at the time of exacerbation. For LukAB, geometric mean titers were significantly higher at exacerbation follow-up compared to titers during the exacerbation, consistent with expression during human disease, and the humoral response capably neutralized LukAB-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, the presence of a positive S. aureus culture during a pulmonary exacerbation was associated with 31-fold higher odds of having a LukA titer ≥1:160, suggesting potential diagnostic capability of this assay. CONCLUSIONS The leukotoxin LukAB is expressed by S. aureus and recognized by the human adaptive immune response in the setting of pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis. Anti-LukAB antibodies were not only predictive of positive staphylococcal culture during exacerbation, but also functional in the neutralization of this toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Chadha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Isaac P Thomsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Natalia Jimenez-Truque
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicole R Soper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren S Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew G Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Soares JJ, Deutsch GH, Moore PE, Fazili MF, Austin ED, Brown RF, Sokolow AG, Hilmes MA, Young LR. Childhood interstitial lung diseases: an 18-year retrospective analysis. Pediatrics 2013; 132:684-91. [PMID: 24081995 PMCID: PMC3784299 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood interstitial lung diseases (ILD) occur in a variety of clinical contexts. Advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and use of standardized terminology have facilitated increased case ascertainment. However, as all studies have been performed at specialized referral centers, the applicability of these findings to general pulmonary practice has been uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the historical occurrence of childhood ILD to provide information reflecting general pediatric pulmonary practice patterns. METHODS Childhood ILD cases seen at Vanderbilt Children's Hospital from 1994 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to the current pediatric diffuse lung disease histopathologic classification system. RESULTS A total of 93 cases were identified, of which 91.4% were classifiable. A total of 68.8% (64/93) of subjects underwent lung biopsy in their evaluations. The largest classification categories were disorders related to systemic disease processes (24.7%), disorders of the immunocompromised host (24.7%), and disorders more prevalent in infancy (22.6%). Eight cases of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) were identified, including 5 that were previously unrecognized before this review. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the general scope of childhood ILD and that these cases present within a variety of pediatric subspecialties. Retrospective review was valuable in recognizing more recently described forms of childhood ILD. As a significant portion of cases were classifiable based on clinical, genetic, and/or radiographic criteria, we urge greater consideration to noninvasive diagnostic approaches and suggest modification to the current childhood ILD classification scheme to accommodate the increasing number of cases diagnosed without lung biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Soares
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Gail H. Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul E. Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mohammad F. Fazili
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Eric D. Austin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rebekah F. Brown
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Andrew G. Sokolow
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,,Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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