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Dean B, Seymour N, Gibbons A. Lower levels of TRAF1 in Brodmann's area 24, but not 46, in bipolar disorders are not detectable in major depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:316-322. [PMID: 38583598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple lines of research implicate inflammation-related pathways in the molecular pathology of mood disorders, with our data suggesting a critical role for aberrant cortical tumour necrosis factor α (TNF)-signaling in the molecular pathology of bipolar disorders (BPD) and major depressive disorders (MDD). METHODS To extend our understanding of changes in TNF-signaling pathways in mood disorders we used Western blotting to measure levels of tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 1 (TRAF1) and transmembrane TNF receptor superfamily member 1B (tmTNFRSF1B) in Brodmann's areas (BA) 24 and 46 from people with BPD and MDD. These proteins are key rate-limiting components within TNF-signaling pathways. RESULTS Compared to controls, there were higher levels of TRAF1 of large effect size (η = 0.19, Cohen's d = 0.97) in BA 24, but not BA 46, from people with BPD. Levels of TRAF1 were not altered in MDD and levels of tmTNFRSF1B were not altered in either disorder. LIMITATIONS The cases studied had been treated with psychotropic drugs prior to death which is an unresolvable study confound. Cohort sizes are relatively small but not untypical of postmortem CNS studies. CONCLUSIONS To facilitate post-synaptic signaling, TRAF1 is known to associate with tmTNFRSF1B after that receptor takes its activated conformation which occurs predominantly after it binds to transmembrane TNF (tmTNF). Simultaneously, when tmTNFRSF1B binds to tmTNF reverse signaling through tmTNF is activated. Hence our findings in BA 24 argues that bidirectional TNF-signaling may be an important component of the molecular pathology of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Natasha Seymour
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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McMullin P, Emmett D, Gibbons A, Clingo K, Higbee P, Sykes A, Fullwood DT, Mitchell UH, Bowden AE. Dynamic segmental kinematics of the lumbar spine during diagnostic movements. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1209472. [PMID: 37840657 PMCID: PMC10568473 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1209472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In vivo measurements of segmental-level kinematics are a promising avenue for better understanding the relationship between pain and its underlying, multi-factorial basis. To date, the bulk of the reported segmental-level motion has been restricted to single plane motions. Methods: The present work implemented a novel marker set used with an optical motion capture system to non-invasively measure dynamic, 3D in vivo segmental kinematics of the lower spine in a laboratory setting. Lumbar spinal kinematics were measured for 28 subjects during 17 diagnostic movements. Results: Overall regional range of motion data and lumbar angular velocity measurement were consistent with previously published studies. Key findings from the work included measurement of differences in ascending versus descending segmental velocities during functional movements and observations of motion coupling paradigms in the lumbar spinal segments. Conclusion: The work contributes to the task of establishing a baseline of segmental lumbar movement patterns in an asymptomatic cohort, which serves as a necessary pre-requisite for identifying pathological and symptomatic deviations from the baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McMullin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Darian Emmett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Kelly Clingo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Preston Higbee
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Andrew Sykes
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - David T. Fullwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Ulrike H. Mitchell
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Anton E. Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Bruno-Galarraga M, Fernandez J, Cattaneo L, Bo G, Gibbons A, Cueto M. 240 Superovulatory response and embryo production using a bioactive recombinant equine chorionic gonadotrophin in goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv35n2ab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Snelleksz M, Rossell SL, Gibbons A, Nithianantharajah J, Dean B. Evidence that the frontal pole has a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114850. [PMID: 36174274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Different regions of the cortex have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recently published data suggested there are many more changes in gene expression in the frontal pole (Brodmann's Area (BA) 10) compared to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 33) from patients with schizophrenia. These data argued that the frontal pole is significantly affected by the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The frontal pole is a region necessary for higher cognitive functions and is highly interconnected with many other brain regions. In this review we summarise the growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that a dysfunctional frontal pole, due at least in part to its widespread effects on brain function, is making an important contribution to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We detail the many structural, cellular and molecular abnormalities in the frontal pole from people with schizophrenia and present findings that argue the symptoms of schizophrenia are closely linked to dysfunction in this critical brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Snelleksz
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Jandrić P, Martinez AF, Reitz C, Jackson L, Grauslund D, Hayes D, Lukoko HO, Hogan M, Mozelius P, Arantes JA, Levinson P, Ozoliņš JJ, Kirylo JD, Carr PR, Hood N, Tesar M, Sturm S, Abegglen S, Burns T, Sinfield S, Stewart GT, Suoranta J, Jaldemark J, Gustafsson U, Monzó LD, Kokić IB, Kihwele JE, Wright J, Kishore P, Stewart PA, Bridges SM, Lodahl M, Bryant P, Kaur K, Hollings S, Brown JB, Steketee A, Prinsloo P, Hazzan MK, Jopling M, Mañero J, Gibbons A, Pfohl S, Humble N, Davidsen J, Ford DR, Sharma N, Stockbridge K, Pyyhtinen O, Escaño C, Achieng-Evensen C, Rose J, Irwin J, Shukla R, SooHoo S, Truelove I, Buchanan R, Urvashi S, White EJ, Novak R, Ryberg T, Arndt S, Redder B, Mukherjee M, Komolafe BF, Mallya M, Devine N, Sattarzadeh SD, Hayes S. Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—The New Normal. Postdigit Sci Educ 2022. [PMCID: PMC9471040 DOI: 10.1007/s42438-022-00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Jandrić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Charles Reitz
- Kansas City Kansas Community College, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Liz Jackson
- Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | - Michael Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Jānis John Ozoliņš
- College of Philosophy and Theology, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Paul R. Carr
- Département des sciences de l’éducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, boulevard Alexandre-Taché, C.P. 1250, succursale Hull, Gatineau, Québec J8X 3X7 Canada
| | - Nina Hood
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marek Tesar
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sean Sturm
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Abegglen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tom Burns
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Sandra Sinfield
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | | | - Juha Suoranta
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jimmy Jaldemark
- Department of Education, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Gustafsson
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lilia D. Monzó
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Ivana Batarelo Kokić
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Jake Wright
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Pallavi Kishore
- Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Kulpreet Kaur
- Jindal Global Business School, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Stephanie Hollings
- Faculty of English, Jilin International Studies University, Jilin, China
| | | | - Anne Steketee
- School of Education, Oakland City University, Oakland City, IN USA
| | | | - Moses Kayode Hazzan
- Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Jopling
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Andrew Gibbons
- School of Education, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Pfohl
- Department of Art & Design, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Niklas Humble
- Department of Computer and System Science, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Navreeti Sharma
- Global Languages Centre, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Kevin Stockbridge
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Rose
- School of Social Science, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Jones Irwin
- School of Human Development, Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Richa Shukla
- Jindal Global Business School, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Suzanne SooHoo
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | | | - Rachel Buchanan
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shreya Urvashi
- Centre for Studies in Sociology of Education, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - E. Jayne White
- School of Teacher Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | | | - Thomas Ryberg
- Institute for Advanced Study in PBL at Aalborg University (AAU), Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sonja Arndt
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridgette Redder
- Te Rito Maioha Early Childhood New Zealand, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Mousumi Mukherjee
- International Institute for Higher Education Research & Capacity Building, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Delhi India
| | | | - Madhav Mallya
- Jindal Global Law School, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Nesta Devine
- Faculty of Culture and Society, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sahar D. Sattarzadeh
- Education Studies, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN USA
- Chair for Critical Studies in Higher Education Transformation (CriSHET), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Gibbons A, Hoare T, Kirrane K, Kennedy H, Davoren M. Sedentary Behaviour in the Secure Forensic Hospital Setting: A Study from Dundrum Hospital Ireland. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566155 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Secure forensic mental health services offer care and treatment to mentally disordered offenders, with high rates of schizophrenia and major mental illness in these groups. Much of the excess morbidity and mortality seen among patients with schizophrenia is due to cardiovascular disease and obesity. Sedentary behaviour is associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia and obesity. Objectives The aim of this study was to ascertain the level of sedentary behaviour among inpatients in a secure forensic psychiatric hospital, Dundrum, Ireland, using a structured self-report measure of sedentary behaviours, the SIT-Q
tool. Methods A cross sectional study of self-reported sedentary behaviour was completed amongst the secure forensic inpatient population of Dundrum Hospital (N=94). Demographic details, details pertaining to diagnoses, ward level of dependency and length of stay were collated. Results The majority of patients in the sample were male (89%) and the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (71.7%). Mean age was 44.7 years (SD 11.42). 58.2% met criteria for obesity. We found high rates of self-reported sedentary behaviour across all wards of the service, with significantly high rates of sedentary behaviour being associated with screen time use in the hospital, including both personal screen time and therapeutic sessions based on screen time. Conclusions
Sedentary behaviour among in-patients in secure forensic hospitals is a significant issue. Measuring sedentary behaviour in a systematic manner is possible and identifies a potentially modifiable target to reduce co-morbidity and pre-mature mortality independent of other risk factors in this vulnerable patient group. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Tong K, Gibbons A, Byrne O, Conlon T, Kennedy H, Davoren M. Zero violence or zero seclusion. Which is more acceptable in our hospitals? Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9568153 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an established association between serious mental illness and violence. Secure forensic psychiatric services provide care and treatment to mentally disordered offenders. The majority of patients in forensic services suffer from severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, with co-morbid polysubstance abuse and maladaptive personality traits. Psychiatric services are under significant pressure to reduce the use of seclusion and restrictive practices, whilst mandated to provide safe environments for patients and staff. Objectives To determine the number and characteristics of violent incidents in a secure forensic hospital in Ireland. Methods A retrospective review of all incidents in Central Mental Hospital, Ireland between 1st March 2019 and 31st August 2021 was completed. Incidents were categorised into physical assaults and other violent incidents. Demographic measures and measures of violence risk (HCR-20), functioning (GAF), programme completion and recovery (DUNDRUM tool) were collated. Results A total of 321 incidents took place during the period examined, of which 47 (14.6%) involved physical assaults perpetrated by patients. Between March 2020 and August 2021, numbers of assaults increased by 50% and 78% compared to the preceding six-month period respectively. The majority of assaults were committed by a relatively small group of patients. Victims of assaults were more likely to be patients (n=27, 57.4%) and more likely to be males (n=43, 91.9%). Conclusions Physical assaults and other violent incidents happen in forensic and general psychiatric units. Restrictive practices, used in accordance with the law, are necessary at times to prevent serious harm to patients and staff in psychiatric hospitals. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Nakamura JP, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Sundram S, Hill RA. Timing of maternal immune activation and sex influence schizophrenia-relevant cognitive constructs and neuregulin and GABAergic pathways. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:70-82. [PMID: 34808289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is an established environmental risk factor for schizophrenia. Timing of immune activation exposure as well as sex of the exposed offspring are critical factors in defining the effects of MIA. However, the specificity of MIA on the component structure of schizophrenia, especially cognition, has been difficult to assess due to a lack of translational validity of maze-like testing paradigms. We aimed to assess cognitive domains relevant to schizophrenia using highly translational touchscreen-based tasks in male and female mice exposed to the viral mimetic, poly(I:C) (5 mg/k, i.p.), during early (gestational day (GD) 9-11) and late (GD13-15) gestational time points. Gene expression of schizophrenia candidate pathways were assessed in fetal brain immediately following poly(I:C) exposure and in adulthood to identify its influence on neurodevelopmental processes. Sex and window specific alterations in cognitive performance were found with the early window of MIA exposure causing female-specific disruptions to working memory and reduced perseverative behaviour, while late MIA exposure caused male-specific changes to working memory and deficits in reversal learning. GABAergic specification marker, Nkx2.1 gene expression was reduced in fetal brains and reelin expression was reduced in adult hippocampus of both early and late poly(I:C) exposed mice. Neuregulin and EGF signalling were initially upregulated in the fetal brain, but were reduced in the adult hippocampus, with male mice exposed in the late window showing reduced Nrg3 expression. Serine racemase was reduced in both fetal and adult brain, but again, adult reductions were specific to male mice exposed at the late time point. Overall, we show that cognitive constructs relevant to schizophrenia are altered by in utero exposure to maternal immune activation, but are highly dependent on the timing of infection and the sex of the offspring. Glutamatergic and epidermal growth factor pathways were similarly altered by MIA in a timing and sex dependent manner, while MIA-induced GABAergic deficits were independent of timing or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Bruno-Galarraga M, Fernandez J, Cueto M, Cattaneo L, Prieto C, Antuña S, Tardivo B, Fontana D, Bó G, Gibbons A. 165 Superovulatory response and embryo production using a bioactive recombinant equine chorionic gonadotrophin in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:320-321. [PMID: 35231374 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Bruno-Galarraga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - J Fernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - M Cueto
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - L Cattaneo
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Prieto
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A., Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - D Fontana
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Bó
- Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria (UNVM), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Gibbons
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
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Fernandez J, Bruno-Galarraga M, Cattaneo L, Prieto C, Antuña S, Tardivo B, Fontana D, Bó G, Gibbons A, Cueto M. 30 Comparison of two vitrification processes on survival rates of ovine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:249-250. [PMID: 35231283 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Fernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB-INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - M Bruno-Galarraga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB-INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - L Cattaneo
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - C Prieto
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - S Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A, El Pozo, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - B Tardivo
- Biotecnofe S.A, El Pozo, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Fontana
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - G Bó
- Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Gibbons
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB-INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - M Cueto
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA EEA Bariloche-IFAB-INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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11
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Gibbons A, McPherson K, Gogos A, Dean B. An investigation into nicotinic receptor involvement in mood disorders uncovers novel depression candidate genes. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:154-160. [PMID: 33895417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported reduced expression of the cholinergic autoreceptor CHRM2 in Brodmann's Area (BA) 24 of the anterior cingulate cortex from subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), consistent with a hypercholinergic state. This led us to investigate whether levels of the high affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are also altered in BA 24. METHODS We measured the binding levels of a high-affinity nicotinic receptor-selective radioligand, [3H]epibatidine, in BA 24 from subjects with MDD (n = 20), BD (n = 18) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 20). We used qPCR to measure mRNA expression of the high affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit CHRNB2 in these subjects. RESULTS [3H]Epibatidine binding density and CHRNB2 mRNA expression were not significantly altered in either MDD or BD compared to control levels. While validating reference genes for our qPCR experiments, we found that the mRNA levels of 3 putative reference genes, TFB1M, PPIA and SNCA, were increased in MDD but not BD compared to controls. Further investigations in other cortical regions showed that these changes were specific to BA24. LIMITATIONS Cohort size and available patient data were limited due to standard constraints associated with post-mortem studies. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that decreased CHRM2 in BA24 in mood disorders is not associated with a corresponding change in high affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression. Our findings of increased TFB1M, PPIA and SNCA expression in MDD point to a broader derangement of several homeostatic pathways in MDD that are distinct from BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbons
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kate McPherson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gogos A, Sun J, Udawela M, Gibbons A, van den Buuse M, Scarr E, Dean B. Cortical expression of the RAPGEF1 gene in schizophrenia: investigating regional differences and suicide. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113818. [PMID: 33639407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (RAPGEF1) is involved in cell adhesion and neuronal migration. Previously we found lower RAPGEF1 mRNA levels in Brodmann's area (BA) 9 in subjects with schizophrenia compared to controls. This study aimed to determine whether RAPGEF1 expression was altered in other brain regions implicated in schizophrenia and whether this was associated with suicide. Using qPCR, we measured the levels of RAPGEF1 in post-mortem BA 8 and 44 from 27 subjects with schizophrenia and 26 non-psychiatric control subjects. To address the effect of antipsychotic treatments, Rapgef1 mRNA levels were measured in the cortex from rats treated with typical antipsychotic drugs. There was no difference in RAPGEF1 normalised relative expression levels in BA 8 or 44. However, in BA 8, schizophrenia subjects had higher raw Ct RAPGEF1 levels compared to controls. There were higher RAPGEF1 levels in suicide completers compared to non-suicide schizophrenia subjects in BA 8. Rapgef1 expression levels in the rat cortex did not vary with antipsychotic treatment. Our findings suggest changes in RAPGEF1 expression may be limited to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from subjects with schizophrenia. Further investigation of the function of RAPGEF1 may lead to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeehae Sun
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Affinity BIO, Scoresby, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The College of Public Health, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Nakamura JP, Gillespie B, Gibbons A, Jaehne EJ, Du X, Chan A, Schroeder A, van den Buuse M, Sundram S, Hill RA. Maternal immune activation targeted to a window of parvalbumin interneuron development improves spatial working memory: Implications for autism. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:339-349. [PMID: 33096253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) increases risk for neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring later in life through unknown causal mechanisms. Growing evidence implicates parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons as a key target in rodent MIA models. We targeted a specific neurodevelopmental window of parvalbumin interneurons in a mouse MIA model to examine effects on spatial working memory, a key domain in ASD that can manifest as either impairments or improvements both clinically and in animal models. Pregnant dams received three consecutive intraperitoneal injections of Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C), 5 mg/kg) at gestational days 13, 14 and 15. Spatial working memory was assessed in young adult offspring using touchscreen operant chambers and the Trial-Unique Non-matching to Location (TUNL) task. Anxiety, novelty seeking and short-term memory were assessed using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Y-maze novelty preference tasks. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to assess hippocampal parvalbumin cell density, intensity and co-expression with perineuronal nets. qPCR was used to assess the expression of putatively implicated gene pathways. MIA targeting a window of parvalbumin interneuron development increased spatial working memory performance on the TUNL touchscreen task which was not influenced by anxiety or novelty seeking behaviour. The model reduced fetal mRNA levels of Gad1 and adult hippocampal mRNA levels of Pvalb and the distribution of low intensity parvalbumin interneurons was altered. We speculate a specific timing window for parvalbumin interneuron development underpins the apparently paradoxical improved spatial working memory phenotype found both across several rodent models of autism and clinically in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Brendan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Emily J Jaehne
- School of Psychology and Public Health, Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Aaron Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anna Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rachel A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Hill RA, Kouremenos K, Tull D, Maggi A, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Kulkarni J, Sundram S, Du X. Bazedoxifene - a promising brain active SERM that crosses the blood brain barrier and enhances spatial memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104830. [PMID: 32858306 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years of accumulated evidence has shown that the major female sex hormone 17β-estradiol can enhance cognitive functioning. However, the utility of estradiol as a therapeutic cognitive enhancer is hindered by its unwanted peripheral effects (carcinogenic). Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) avoid the unwanted effects of estradiol by acting as estrogen receptor antagonists in some tissues such as breast and uterus, but as agonists in others such as bone, and are currently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, understanding of their actions in the brain are limited. The third generation SERM bazedoxifene has recently been FDA approved for clinical use with an improved biosafety profile. However, whether bazedoxifene can enter the brain and enhance cognition is unknown. Using mice, the current study aimed to explore if bazedoxifene can 1) cross the blood-brain barrier, 2) rescue ovariectomy-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial memory deficit, and 3) activate neural estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent gene transcription. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we firstly demonstrate that a peripheral injection of bazedoxifene can enter the brain. Secondly, we show that an acute intraperitoneal injection of bazedoxifene can rescue ovariectomy-induced spatial memory deficits. And finally, using the ERE-luciferase reporter mouse, we show in vivo that bazedoxifene can activate the ERE in the brain. The evidence shown here suggest bazedoxifene could be a viable cognitive enhancer with promising clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - K Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - D Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - A Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - J Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, St Kilda, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - X Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Lamoshi A, Gibbons A, Williams S, Ponsky T. Barriers to the implementation of new guidelines among pediatric surgeons: online survey. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:1103-1109. [PMID: 32588118 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify barriers that prevent pediatric surgeons from implementing updated practice guidelines. METHODS An online survey targeting pediatric surgeons was conducted on the StayCurrent MD Application (SCMA) and Pediatric Surgery Education Facebook page (PSE FBP). The survey results for pediatric surgeons of underdeveloped countries (PSUC) and pediatric surgeons of developed countries (PSDC) was compared and analyzed. RESULTS Based on the number of active members on PSE FBP and SCA, the response rate was 32.3% (174/539), 66.3% of responses were from PSUC. The majority of PSUC (73%) wanted to have convincing guidelines and the plurality of PSDC (46%) wanted to see approval by the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) for implementation of new guidelines. Lack of resources was the number one response (78%) for PSUC not implementing the most up to date guidelines and about 40% of the PSDC responded "concerned about malpractice liability." CONCLUSIONS PSUC and PSDC identified very different barriers to implementation of new guidelines. It is reassuring that accessibility to treatment is not the primary issue, though resistance to implementation is a resounding concern. Identifying the barriers will highlight areas that need to be addressed, and awareness may help resolve some of the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraouf Lamoshi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaleida Health Facility, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Conventus 5th Floor, 5324, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA.
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - S Williams
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaleida Health Facility, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Conventus 5th Floor, 5324, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - T Ponsky
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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Jandrić P, Hayes D, Truelove I, Levinson P, Mayo P, Ryberg T, Monzó LD, Allen Q, Stewart PA, Carr PR, Jackson L, Bridges S, Escaño C, Grauslund D, Mañero J, Lukoko HO, Bryant P, Fuentes-Martinez A, Gibbons A, Sturm S, Rose J, Chuma MM, Biličić E, Pfohl S, Gustafsson U, Arantes JA, Ford DR, Kihwele JE, Mozelius P, Suoranta J, Jurjević L, Jurčević M, Steketee A, Irwin J, White EJ, Davidsen J, Jaldemark J, Abegglen S, Burns T, Sinfield S, Kirylo JD, Kokić IB, Stewart GT, Rikowski G, Christensen LL, Arndt S, Pyyhtinen O, Reitz C, Lodahl M, Humble N, Buchanan R, Forster DJ, Kishore P, Ozoliņš JJ, Sharma N, Urvashi S, Nejad HG, Hood N, Tesar M, Wang Y, Wright J, Brown JB, Prinsloo P, Kaur K, Mukherjee M, Novak R, Shukla R, Hollings S, Konnerup U, Mallya M, Olorundare A, Achieng-Evensen C, Philip AP, Hazzan MK, Stockbridge K, Komolafe BF, Bolanle OF, Hogan M, Redder B, Sattarzadeh SD, Jopling M, SooHoo S, Devine N, Hayes S. Teaching in the Age of Covid-19. Postdigit Sci Educ 2020. [PMCID: PMC7411270 DOI: 10.1007/s42438-020-00169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Jandrić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Ryberg
- Depatment of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lilia D. Monzó
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Quaylan Allen
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | | | - Paul R. Carr
- Département des sciences d l’éducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, boulevard Alexandre-Taché, C.P. 1250, succursale Hull, Gatineau, Québec, J8X 3X7 Canada
| | - Liz Jackson
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Gibbons
- School of Education, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sean Sturm
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer Rose
- School of Social Science, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | | | - Eva Biličić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sarah Pfohl
- Department of Art & Design, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ulrika Gustafsson
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Janine Aldous Arantes
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Juha Suoranta
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Anne Steketee
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Jones Irwin
- School of Human Development, Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Jimmy Jaldemark
- Department of Education, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Sandra Abegglen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tom Burns
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Sandra Sinfield
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | | | - Ivana Batarelo Kokić
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Glenn Rikowski
- College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | | | - Sonja Arndt
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olli Pyyhtinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mikkel Lodahl
- Institute for Danish Game Development, Dania Academy, Grenaa, Denmark
| | - Niklas Humble
- Department of Computer and System Science, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Rachel Buchanan
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Pallavi Kishore
- Jindal Global Law School, O.P, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Jānis John Ozoliņš
- College of Philosophy and Theology, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Navreeti Sharma
- Global Language Centre, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Shreya Urvashi
- Centre for Studies in Sociology of Education, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Harry G. Nejad
- Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O. P. Jindal Global University, Haryana, India
| | - Nina Hood
- Faculty of Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marek Tesar
- Faculty of Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yang Wang
- Chinese Language & Culture College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Keystone Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Jake Wright
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | | | - Kulpreet Kaur
- Jindal Global Business School, Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonepat, India
| | - Mousumi Mukherjee
- International Institute for Higher Education Research & Capacity Building, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Delhi India
| | - Rene Novak
- University of Waikato and BestStart, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Richa Shukla
- OP Jindal Global Business School, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | | | - Ulla Konnerup
- Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Madhav Mallya
- Jindal Global Law School, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | | | | | - Abey P Philip
- Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Moses Kayode Hazzan
- Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kevin Stockbridge
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Blessing Funmi Komolafe
- Science Education Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
- Curriculum and Pedagogy, College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | | | - Michael Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bridgette Redder
- Te Rito Maioha Early Childhood New Zealand, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael Jopling
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Suzanne SooHoo
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Nesta Devine
- Faculty of Culture and Society, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Parkin GM, Gibbons A, Udawela M, Dean B. Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)1 and EAAT2 mRNA levels are altered in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 123:151-158. [PMID: 32065951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)1 and EAAT2 mediate glutamatergic neurotransmission and prevent excitotoxicity through binding and transportation of glutamate into glia. These EAATs may be regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which is also expressed by glia. Whilst we have data from an Affymetrix™ Human Exon 1.0 ST Array showing higher levels of EAAT1 mRNA (+36%) in Brodmann's are (BA)9 of subjects with schizophrenia, there is evidence that EAAT1 and EAAT2, as well as mGluR5 levels, are altered in the cortex of subjects with the disorder. Hence, we measured mRNA levels of these genes in other cortical regions in subjects with that disorder. EAAT1, EAAT2 and mGluR5 mRNA were measured, in triplicate, using Quantitative PCR in BA10 and BA46 from subjects with schizophrenia (n = 20) and age and sex matched controls (n = 18). Levels of mRNA were normalised to the geometric mean of two reference genes, transcription factor B1, mitochondrial (TFB1M) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A (SKP1A), for which mRNA did not vary between diagnostic groups in either region. Normalised levels of EAAT1 and EAAT2 mRNA were significantly higher in BA10 (EAAT1: U = 58, p = 0.0002; EAAT2 U = 70, p = 0.0009), but not BA46 (EAAT1: U = 122, p = 0.09; EAAT2: U = 136, p = 0.21), from subjects with schizophrenia compared to controls. mGluR5 levels in BA10 (U = 173, p=0.85) and BA46 (U = 178, p = 0.96) did not vary by cohort. Our data suggests that region-specific increases in cortical EAAT1 and EAAT2 mRNA are involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology and that disrupted glutamate uptake in schizophrenia may be of particular significance in BA10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Parkin
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Centre for Mental Health, The Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Goad DM, Jia Y, Gibbons A, Liu Y, Gealy D, Caicedo AL, Olsen KM. Identification of Novel QTL Conferring Sheath Blight Resistance in Two Weedy Rice Mapping Populations. Rice (N Y) 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32206941 PMCID: PMC7090113 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight (ShB) disease, caused by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, causes significant yield losses globally. US weedy rice populations, which are de-domesticated forms of indica and aus cultivated rice, appear to be more resistant to ShB than local japonica cultivated rice. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with ShB resistance using two F8 recombinant inbred line populations generated from crosses of an indica crop variety, Dee-Geo-Woo-Gen (DGWG), with individuals representing the two major US weed biotypes, straw hull (SH) and black hull awned (BHA). RESULTS We identified nine ShB resistance QTL across both mapping populations. Five were attributable to alleles that affect plant height (PH) and heading date (HD), two growth traits that are known to be highly correlated with ShB resistance. By utilizing an approach that treated growth traits as covariates in the mapping model, we were able to infer that the remaining four QTL are involved in ShB resistance. Two of these, qShB1-2 and qShB4, are different from previously identified ShB QTL and represent new candidates for further study. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ShB resistance can be improved through favorable plant growth traits and the combined effects of small to moderate-effect resistance QTL. Additionally, we show that including PH and HD as covariates in QTL mapping models is a powerful way to identify new ShB resistance QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goad
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yulin Jia
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, 2890 HWY 130 E, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA.
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, 2900 AR-130, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
- Present address: Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - David Gealy
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, 2890 HWY 130 E, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Ana L Caicedo
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Parkin GM, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Dean B. Β-actin does not show the characteristics of a reference protein in human cortex. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:247-253. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M. Parkin
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Centre for Mental Health; the Faculty of Health, Arts and Design; Swinburne University; Hawthorn Victoria Australia
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Gogos A, McCarthy M, Walker AJ, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Dean B, Kusljic S. Differential effects of chronic 17β-oestradiol treatment on rat behaviours relevant to depression. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12652. [PMID: 30311279 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences are a prominent feature of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, which affects women at a higher incidence than men. Research suggests that the most potent endogenous oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol, may have therapeutic potential in treating depression. However, preclinical studies have produced mixed results, likely as a result of various methodological factors such as treatment duration. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and chronic 17β-oestradiol treatment via a s.c. silastic implant on behaviours relevant to depression in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were assessed in the forced swim test, saccharin preference test and novel object recognition memory test, as well as for possible confounding behaviours, including locomotion and anxiety (open field test) and motivation and anxiety (novelty suppressed feeding test). Treatment effects were verified using body and uterus weight, as well as serum concentrations of 17β-oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone. Compared to ovariectomised rats, chronic 17β-oestradiol treatment enhanced saccharin preference and novel object recognition performance. There were no group differences in passive or active coping behaviour when assayed using the forced swim test. Taken together, these results support an antidepressant-like action of oestrogens but highlight that the beneficial effects of chronic 17β-oestradiol treatment may be related to specific depression-related symptoms, particularly anhedonia and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine McCarthy
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J Walker
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Snezana Kusljic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Parkin GM, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Scarr E, Dean B. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotypes are associated with varying soluble, but not membrane-bound COMT protein in the human prefrontal cortex. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:1251-1258. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parkin GM, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Dean B. Glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are potentially important in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders. World J Psychiatry 2018; 8:51-63. [PMID: 29988908 PMCID: PMC6033743 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v8.i2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain and it has been shown that prolonged activation of the glutamatergic system leads to nerve damage and cell death. Following release from the pre-synaptic neuron and synaptic transmission, glutamate is either taken up into the pre-synaptic neuron or neighbouring glia by transmembrane glutamate transporters. Excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1 and EAAT2 are Na+-dependant glutamate transporters expressed predominantly in glia cells of the central nervous system. As the most abundant glutamate transporters, their primary role is to modulate levels of glutamatergic excitability and prevent spill over of glutamate beyond the synapse. This role is facilitated through the binding and transportation of glutamate into astrocytes and microglia. The function of EAAT1 and EAAT2 is heavily regulated at the levels of gene expression, post-transcriptional splicing, glycosylation states and cell-surface trafficking of the protein. Both glutamatergic dysfunction and glial dysfunction have been proposed to be involved in psychiatric disorder. This review will present an overview of the roles that EAAT1 and EAAT2 play in modulating glutamatergic activity in the human brain, and mount an argument that these two transporters could be involved in the aetiologies of schizophrenia and affective disorders as well as represent potential drug targets for novel therapies for those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Parkin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
- Research Centre for Mental Health, the Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorne VIC 3122, Australia
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Gibbons A, Udawela M, Dean B. Non-Coding RNA as Novel Players in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E11. [PMID: 29657307 PMCID: PMC6027250 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with diverse changes in the brain's transcriptome and proteome. Underlying these changes is the complex dysregulation of gene expression and protein production that varies both spatially across brain regions and temporally with the progression of the illness. The growing body of literature showing changes in non-coding RNA in individuals with schizophrenia offers new insights into the mechanisms causing this dysregulation. A large number of studies have reported that the expression of microRNA (miRNA) is altered in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia. This evidence is complemented by findings that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA host gene sequences can confer an increased risk of developing the disorder. Additionally, recent evidence suggests the expression of other non-coding RNAs, such as small nucleolar RNA and long non-coding RNA, may also be affected in schizophrenia. Understanding how these changes in non-coding RNAs contribute to the development and progression of schizophrenia offers potential avenues for the better treatment and diagnosis of the disorder. This review will focus on the evidence supporting the involvement of non-coding RNA in schizophrenia and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbons
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
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Dean B, Gibbons A, Gogos A, Udawela M, Thomas E, Scarr E. Studies on Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1: Lower Levels in Schizophrenia and After Treatment with Antipsychotic Drugs in Conjunction with Aspirin. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:216-225. [PMID: 30052978 PMCID: PMC5838806 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antipsychotic drugs plus aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), which targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1: COX1), improved therapeutic outcomes when treating schizophrenia. Our microarray data showed higher levels of PTGS1 mRNA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from subjects with schizophrenia of long duration of illness, suggesting aspirin plus antipsychotic drugs could have therapeutic effects by lowering PTGS1 expression in the cortex of subjects with the disorder. Methods We used Western blotting to measure levels of PTSG1 protein in human postmortem CNS, rat and mouse cortex, and cells in culture. Results Compared with controls, PTGS1 levels were 41% lower in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P<.01), but not the anterior cingulate or frontal pole, from subjects with schizophrenia. Levels of PTGS1 were not changed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in mood disorders or in the cortex of rats treated with antipsychotic drugs. There was a strong trend (P=.05) to lower cortical PTGS1 10 months after mice were treated postnatally with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt (Poly I:C), consistent with cortical PTGS1 being lower in adult mice after exposure to an immune activator postnatally. In CCF-STTG1 cells, a human-derived astrocytic cell line, aspirin caused a dose-dependent decrease in PTGS1 that was decreased further with the addition of risperidone. Conclusions Our data suggest low levels of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex PTGS1 could be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and improved therapeutic outcome from treating schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs augmented with aspirin may be because such treatment lowers cortical PTGS1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aspirin/pharmacology
- Aspirin/therapeutic use
- Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy
- Bipolar Disorder/enzymology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/enzymology
- Cell Line
- Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder, Major/enzymology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Middle Aged
- Poly I-C
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risperidone/pharmacology
- Risperidone/therapeutic use
- Schizophrenia/drug therapy
- Schizophrenia/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | | | - Andrea Gogos
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Scarr
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Thorlacius L, Garg A, Ingram J, Villumsen B, Theut Rii P, Gottlieb A, Merola J, Dellavalle R, Ardon C, Baba R, Bechara F, Cohen A, Daham N, Davis M, Emtestam L, Fernández-Peñas P, Filippelli M, Gibbons A, Grant T, Guilbault S, Gulliver S, Harris C, Harvent C, Houston K, Kirby J, Matusiak L, Mehdizadeh A, Mojica T, Okun M, Orgill D, Pallack L, Parks-Miller A, Prens E, Randell S, Rogers C, Rosen C, Choon S, van der Zee H, Christensen R, Jemec G. 化脓性汗腺炎研究的核心结果的全球共识:历史性共识会议I和II的更新. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thorlacius L, Garg A, Ingram J, Villumsen B, Theut Rii P, Gottlieb A, Merola J, Dellavalle R, Ardon C, Baba R, Bechara F, Cohen A, Daham N, Davis M, Emtestam L, Fernández-Peñas P, Filippelli M, Gibbons A, Grant T, Guilbault S, Gulliver S, Harris C, Harvent C, Houston K, Kirby J, Matusiak L, Mehdizadeh A, Mojica T, Okun M, Orgill D, Pallack L, Parks-Miller A, Prens E, Randell S, Rogers C, Rosen C, Choon S, van der Zee H, Christensen R, Jemec G. Towards global consensus on core outcomes for hidradenitis suppurativa research: an update from the HISTORIC consensus meetings I and II. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thorlacius L, Garg A, Ingram JR, Villumsen B, Theut Riis P, Gottlieb AB, Merola JF, Dellavalle R, Ardon C, Baba R, Bechara FG, Cohen AD, Daham N, Davis M, Emtestam L, Fernández-Peñas P, Filippelli M, Gibbons A, Grant T, Guilbault S, Gulliver S, Harris C, Harvent C, Houston K, Kirby JS, Matusiak L, Mehdizadeh A, Mojica T, Okun M, Orgill D, Pallack L, Parks-Miller A, Prens EP, Randell S, Rogers C, Rosen CF, Choon SE, van der Zee HH, Christensen R, Jemec GBE. Towards global consensus on core outcomes for hidradenitis suppurativa research: an update from the HISTORIC consensus meetings I and II. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:715-721. [PMID: 29080368 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A core outcomes set (COS) is an agreed minimum set of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials for a specific condition. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has no agreed-upon COS. A central aspect in the COS development process is to identify a set of candidate outcome domains from a long list of items. Our long list had been developed from patient interviews, a systematic review of the literature and a healthcare professional survey, and initial votes had been cast in two e-Delphi surveys. In this manuscript, we describe two in-person consensus meetings of Delphi participants designed to ensure an inclusive approach to generation of domains from related items. OBJECTIVES To consider which items from a long list of candidate items to exclude and which to cluster into outcome domains. METHODS The study used an international and multistakeholder approach, involving patients, dermatologists, surgeons, the pharmaceutical industry and medical regulators. The study format was a combination of formal presentations, small group work based on nominal group theory and a subsequent online confirmation survey. RESULTS Forty-one individuals from 13 countries and four continents participated. Nine items were excluded and there was consensus to propose seven domains: disease course, physical signs, HS-specific quality of life, satisfaction, symptoms, pain and global assessments. CONCLUSIONS The HISTORIC consensus meetings I and II will be followed by further e-Delphi rounds to finalize the core domain set, building on the work of the in-person consensus meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thorlacius
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Garg
- Department of Dermatology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY, U.S.A
| | - J R Ingram
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K
| | - B Villumsen
- Patient Representative, The Patients' Association HS Denmark, Denmark
| | - P Theut Riis
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A B Gottlieb
- Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, U.S.A
| | - J F Merola
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology
| | - R Dellavalle
- Dermatology Service, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Centre, Denver, CO, U.S.A
| | - C Ardon
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Baba
- Former National Advisor to the Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - F G Bechara
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A D Cohen
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Chief Physician's Office, Department of Quality Measurements and Research, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - N Daham
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - M Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 5590, U.S.A
| | - L Emtestam
- Department of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Fernández-Peñas
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - A Gibbons
- Patient Representatives, The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Trust, Rochester, U.K
| | - T Grant
- Patient Representative, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - S Guilbault
- Patient Representative, Hope for HS, Detroit, MI, U.S.A
| | - S Gulliver
- Department of Research, Newlab Clinical Research, NL, Canada
| | - C Harris
- Patient Representative, Cardiff, U.K
| | - C Harvent
- Patient Representative, Patients' Association: La Maladie de Verneuil en Belgique, Erbisoeul, Belgium
| | - K Houston
- Patient Representatives, The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Trust, Rochester, U.K
| | - J S Kirby
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, U.S.A
| | - L Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Mehdizadeh
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Mojica
- Patient Representative, Brick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - M Okun
- Fort HealthCare, Fort Atkinson, WI, U.S.A
| | - D Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - L Pallack
- Patient Representative, Longmont, CO, U.S.A
| | - A Parks-Miller
- Hope for HS, Detroit, MI, U.S.A.,Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, U.S.A
| | - E P Prens
- Dermatology Service, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Centre, Denver, CO, U.S.A
| | - S Randell
- Patient Representative, Hope for HS, Detroit, MI, U.S.A
| | - C Rogers
- Patient Representative, HS Aware, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C F Rosen
- Division of Dermatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S E Choon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - H H van der Zee
- Dermatology Service, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Centre, Denver, CO, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, Havenziekenhuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G B E Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cueto MI, Fernandez J, Bruno-Galarraga MM, Pereyra-Bonnet F, Gibbons A. 196 Fertilization Rate in Superovulated Criolla Goats Following Artificial Insemination or Natural Mating. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n1ab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Criolla breed is a local genetic resource, distributed in Patagonia, Argentina, whose primary production is meat. In the Criolla goat, efforts were made to locate productively superior males and to conserve their genetic material. Studies were carried on the feasibility of obtaining superior offspring through the implementation of embryo transfer programs. We assessed the fertilization rate and embryo production following AI with frozen semen or natural mating in Criolla goats subjected to a superovulation program. During the breeding season (May, 41° S), 26 Criolla goats were treated for oestrus with sponges (60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, Progespon®, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) placed for 13 days. Goat donors were superovulated with a total of 80 mg of porcine (p)FSH (Folltropin V®, Bioniche, Ontario, Canada) every 12 h in 6 decreasing doses (18, 18, 14, 14, 8, and 8 mg) during the last 3 days of progestagen treatment. A dose of 125 μg of cloprostenol (Estrumate®, Schering-Plough, Quebec, Canada) was given in conjunction with the first dose of pFSH. Oestrus detection was performed every 12 h, starting at 24 h after sponge removal. Females were considered to be in oestrus if they passively accepted buck mounting. Goats were randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) natural mating (NM, n = 12): donors detected in oestrus were individually mated with one proven fertile buck at oestrus and 12 h post-oestrus; does were remove from the male in between (Conventionally accepted treatment); (2) AI (n = 14): donors detected in oestrus were inseminated 12 ± 2 h after the onset of oestrus by laparoscopy with frozen-thawed semen (200 × 106 spermatozoa) from the same fertile buck. Embryo recovery was done by surgical prepubic laparotomy at Day 8 after sponge removal. Superovulation response was estimated by counting the number of corpora lutea (CL). Analysis of variance was used to compare fertilization rate (total number of embryos recovered for each animal, expressed as a proportion of the total number of embryos/oocytes recovered) and embryo production between treatments. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05. A total of 92.3% goats were recorded in oestrus (24/26) between 24 and 48 h after sponge removal (10 and 14 goats for NM and AI, respectively). An average of 16.6 ± 2.0 CL (range: 2–32) was observed in response to superovulation treatment. The recovery rate of embryos/oocytes was 60.0 ± 6.9%. No statistical difference was observed in the fertilization rate (52.1 ± 12.1 and 68.6 ± 12.1% for AI and NM, respectively) or the number of total (6.8 ± 2.0 and 4.8 ± 2.4 for AI and NM, respectively) and transferable embryos (5.6 ± 1.4 and 4.0 ± 1.7 for AI and NM, respectively) between treatments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, fertilization rates did not differ following laparoscopic insemination with frozen semen compared to natural mating in superovulated Criolla goats.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are amongst the most socially debilitating and least effectively treated symptoms of schizophrenia. The cholinergic system is a promising target for the design of novel drugs that can more effectively treat these symptoms. METHODS We review the literature supporting the dysfunction of the cholinergic system in schizophrenia, discuss the preclinical and clinical data showing that modulating the cholinergic system could improve the symptoms of schizophrenia and review the main pharmacological strategies being investigated to treat cholinergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. RESULTS Post-mortem and neuroimaging studies suggest there are widespread reductions in cholinergic receptor signalling in the cortex as well as subcortical regions, such as the hippocampus and striatum, in individuals with schizophrenia. Potential cholinergic drug targets are being pursued to increase receptor function. These include inhibiting the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase to increase synaptic acetylcholine levels, and increasing the nicotinic receptor and muscarinic receptor activity with agonists or positive allosteric modulators. CONCLUSION Amongst the most promising drug targets for treating schizophrenia are the α7 nicotinic receptor and the CHRM1 and CHRM4 muscarinic receptors. The recent development of allosteric modulators that selectively target these receptors offers the potential to more effectively treat the symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbons
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. J. Cousley
- Orthodontic Department, Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Jeremy Nayler
- Media Studio, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Breeze J, Tong D, Gibbons A. Contemporary management of maxillofacial ballistic trauma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:661-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gibbons A, Flatley C, Kumar S. Cerebroplacental ratio in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50:200-206. [PMID: 27549587 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a non-anomalous singleton pregnancy diagnosed with GDM who delivered at Mater Mothers' Hospital between 2007 and 2015. CPR was measured in 1089 cases between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. CPR values were compared between groups categorized according to GDM treatment (by diet, oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) or insulin). The association between CPR and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS No difference in CPR was observed between treatment groups. Fetuses with CPR < 10th centile were significantly more likely to have adverse composite perinatal outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 2.93 (95% CI, 1.95-4.40)), preterm delivery and low birth weight than fetuses with CPR ≥ 10th centile (all P < 0.001). These associations were present regardless of the type of GDM treatment. Fetuses of women with insulin-controlled GDM had poorer neonatal outcomes than did fetuses of women treated with OHA or dietary control alone. The risk of adverse outcome was significantly increased in the insulin-treated group (OR = 1.75 (95% CI, 1.34-2.28); P < 0.001), which also had higher rates of preterm delivery and higher birth weight. CONCLUSION Regardless of the type of treatment, a low CPR is associated with poorer neonatal outcome in women with GDM. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gibbons
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Flatley
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Bevacqua RJ, Fernandez-Martin R, Canel NG, Gibbons A, Texeira D, Lange F, Vans Landschoot G, Savy V, Briski O, Hiriart MI, Grueso E, Ivics Z, Taboga O, Kues WA, Ferraris S, Salamone DF. Assessing Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty for transpositional transgenesis by cytoplasmic injection into bovine and ovine zygotes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174025. [PMID: 28301581 PMCID: PMC5354444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic domestic animals represent an alternative to bioreactors for large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and could also provide more accurate biomedical models than rodents. However, their generation remains inefficient. Recently, DNA transposons allowed improved transgenesis efficiencies in mice and pigs. In this work, Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon systems were evaluated for transgenesis by simple cytoplasmic injection in livestock zygotes. In the case of Tn5, the transposome complex of transposon nucleic acid and Tn5 protein was injected. In the case of SB, the supercoiled plasmids encoding a transposon and the SB transposase were co-injected. In vitro produced bovine zygotes were used to establish the cytoplasmic injection conditions. The in vitro cultured blastocysts were evaluated for reporter gene expression and genotyped. Subsequently, both transposon systems were injected in seasonally available ovine zygotes, employing transposons carrying the recombinant human factor IX driven by the beta-lactoglobulin promoter. The Tn5 approach did not result in transgenic lambs. In contrast, the Sleeping Beauty injection resulted in 2 lambs (29%) carrying the transgene. Both animals exhibited cellular mosaicism of the transgene. The extraembryonic tissues (placenta or umbilical cord) of three additional animals were also transgenic. These results show that transpositional transgenesis by cytoplasmic injection of SB transposon components can be applied for the production of transgenic lambs of pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Bevacqua
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R. Fernandez-Martin
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. G. Canel
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Gibbons
- Experimental Station Bariloche, INTA, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - D. Texeira
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Controle da Reprodução, FAVET, UECE, Ceará State, Brasil
| | - F. Lange
- Cloning and Transgenesis Laboratory, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G. Vans Landschoot
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cloning and Transgenesis Laboratory, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V. Savy
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O. Briski
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. I. Hiriart
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Grueso
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Z. Ivics
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - O. Taboga
- CICVyA Biotechnology Institute, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W. A. Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - S. Ferraris
- Cloning and Transgenesis Laboratory, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D. F. Salamone
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Facultad de Agronomia. INPA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Breeze J, Combes J, MacKenzie N, Gibbons A. Optimising the field surgical equipment used by maxillofacial surgeons deploying on future military operations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gibbons A, Lang O, Kojima Y, Ito M, Ono K, Tanaka K, Sivaniah E. Real-time visualization of cardiac cell beating behaviour on polymer diffraction gratings. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a major adverse effect to pharmaceuticals. A new method to prepare optically sensitive substrates for measuring the beating of cardiac cells and their response to pharmaceuticals is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gibbons
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - O. Lang
- Chemotaxis Research Group
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology
- Semmelweis University
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Y. Kojima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)
| | - M. Ito
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - K. Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - E. Sivaniah
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
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Jeon WJ, Dean B, Scarr E, Gibbons A. The Role of Muscarinic Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Mood Disorders: A Potential Novel Treatment? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:739-49. [PMID: 26630954 PMCID: PMC4759313 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150612230045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The central cholinergic system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. An imbalance in central cholinergic neurotransmitter activity has been proposed to contribute to the manic and depressive episodes typical of these disorders. Neuropharmacological studies into the effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on mood state have provided considerable support for this hypothesis. Furthermore, recent clinical studies have shown that the pan-CHRM antagonist, scopolamine, produces rapid-acting antidepressant effects in individuals with either major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BPD), such as bipolar depression, contrasting the delayed therapeutic response of conventional mood stabilisers and antidepressants. This review presents recent data from neuroimaging, post-mortem and genetic studies supporting the involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (CHRMs), particularly CHRM2, in the pathophysiology of MDD and BPD. Thus, novel drugs that selectively target CHRMs with negligible effects in the peripheral nervous system might produce more rapid and robust clinical improvement in patients with BPD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Dean
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Bahadoor-Yetman A, Riley L, Gibbons A, Fields PJ, Mapp-Alexander V, Hage R, Baldwin A. Prevalence of cervical cancer and associated mortality in Grenada, 2000-2010. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2016; 39:194-199. [PMID: 27657184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess cervical cancer prevalence and associated mortality in Grenada, West Indies during 2000-2010. Methods Records of visits to hospital and clinical facilities were obtained from the histopathology laboratory of the Grenada General Hospital. Records were de-identified and electronically compiled. Cervical cancer prevalence was assessed via cross-sectional analysis of this secondary data. Of a total 12 012 records, 2 527 were selected for analysis using sampling without replacement. Cases were matched to corresponding patient data from death registries, where possible, and used to calculate associated mortality rates. Results The observed prevalence of cervical cancer was 52.4 per 100 000 women (ages 15 and above). The highest rates of cervical cancer occurred in the 35-44 age group, with the second highest among 45-64-year-olds. A total of 65 deaths were attributable to cervical cancer during 2000-2010, more than 50% of which were among women > 65 years old. The observed mortality rate was 16.7 per 100 000, almost twice the rate estimated by WHO for the region. Conclusions This study demonstrates the need for a comprehensive cervical cancer-screening program in Grenada. Results should contribute to informing future studies on how to appropriately generate and execute public health policy for education, screening, prevention, and control of cervical cancer in Grenada.
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McOmish CE, Pavey G, Gibbons A, Hopper S, Udawela M, Scarr E, Dean B. Lower [3H]LY341495 binding to mGlu2/3 receptors in the anterior cingulate of subjects with major depressive disorder but not bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:241-248. [PMID: 26521087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The glutamatergic system has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of major depressive disorders(MDD) and mGlu2/3 receptors play an important role in regulating glutamatergic tone. We therefore measured cortical levels of mGlu2/3 to determine if they were changed in MDD. METHODS Binding parameters for [(3)H]LY341495 (mGlu2/3 antagonist) were determined to allow optimized in situ binding with autoradiography to be completed using a number of CNS regions. Subsequently, density of [(3)H]LY341495 binding was measured in BA24(anterior cingulate cortex), BA17(visual cortex) and BA46(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) from subjects with MDD, Bipolar Disorder(BPD), Schizophrenia(SCZ), and controls, as well as rats treated with imipramine (20mg/kg), fluoxetine (10mg/kg), or vehicle. RESULTS mGlu2/3 are widely expressed throughout the brain with high levels observed in cortex. [(3)H]LY341495 binding was significantly lower in BA24 from subjects with MDD (mean ± SEM=141.3 ± 14.65 fmol/ETE) relative to controls (184.9 ± 7.76 fmol/ETE; Cohen's d=1.005, p<0.05). There were no other differences with diagnoses, and chronic antidepressant treatment in rats had minimal effect on binding. LIMITATIONS Using this approach we are unable to determine whether the change represents fluctuations in mGlu2, mGlu3, or both. Moreover, using postmortem tissue we are unable to dissociate the irrevocable confound of suicidality upon binding levels. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated lower [(3)H]LY341495 binding levels in MDD in BA24-a brain region implicated in depression. Moreover we show that the lower levels are unlikely to be the result of antidepressant treatment. These data suggest that levels of either mGlu2 and/or mGlu3 are affected in the aetiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E McOmish
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Geoff Pavey
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Hopper
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cessateur G, Keyser JD, Maggiolo R, Gibbons A, Gronoff G, Gunell H, Dhooghe F, Loreau J, Vaeck N, Altwegg K, Bieler A, Briois C, Calmonte U, Combi MR, Fiethe B, Fuselier SA, Gombosi TI, Hässig M, Le Roy L, Neefs E, Rubin M, Sémon T. Photochemistry of forbidden oxygen lines in the inner coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2016; 121:804-816. [PMID: 27134807 PMCID: PMC4845638 DOI: 10.1002/2015ja022013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Observations of the green and red-doublet emission lines have previously been realized for several comets. We present here a chemistry-emission coupled model to study the production and loss mechanisms of the O(1S) and O(1D) states, which are responsible for the emission lines of interest for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The recent discovery of O2 in significant abundance relative to water 3.80 ± 0.85% within the coma of 67P has been taken into consideration for the first time in such models. We evaluate the effect of the presence of O2 on the green to red-doublet emission intensity ratio, which is traditionally used to assess the CO2 abundance within cometary atmospheres. Model simulations, solving the continuity equation with transport, show that not taking O2 into account leads to an underestimation of the CO2 abundance within 67P, with a relative error of about 25%. This strongly suggests that the green to red-doublet emission intensity ratio alone is not a proper tool for determining the CO2 abundance, as previously suggested. Indeed, there is no compelling reason why O2 would not be a common cometary volatile, making revision of earlier assessments regarding the CO2 abundance in cometary atmospheres necessary. The large uncertainties of the CO2 photodissociation cross section imply that more studies are required in order to better constrain the O(1S) and O(1D) production through this mechanism. Space weather phenomena, such as powerful solar flares, could be used as tools for doing so, providing additional information on a good estimation of the O2 abundance within cometary atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Cessateur
- Space Physics DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | - J. De Keyser
- Space Physics DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
- Center for Plasma AstrophysicsKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - R. Maggiolo
- Space Physics DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | - A. Gibbons
- Space Physics DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
- Service de Chimie Quantique et PhotophysiqueUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - G. Gronoff
- Science Directorate, Chemistry and Dynamics BranchNASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVirginiaUSA
- SSAIHamptonVirginiaUSA
| | - H. Gunell
- Space Physics DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | - F. Dhooghe
- Space Physics DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | - J. Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et PhotophysiqueUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - N. Vaeck
- Service de Chimie Quantique et PhotophysiqueUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - K. Altwegg
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Center for Space and HabitabilityUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - A. Bieler
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - C. Briois
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'EspaceUMR 7328 CNRS, Université dOrléansOrléansFrance
| | - U. Calmonte
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - M. R. Combi
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - B. Fiethe
- Institute of Computer and Network Engineering (IDA)TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - S. A. Fuselier
- Space Science DivisionSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - T. I. Gombosi
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - M. Hässig
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Space Science DivisionSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - L. Le Roy
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - E. Neefs
- Engineering DivisionRoyal Belgian Institute for Space AeronomyBrusselsBelgium
| | - M. Rubin
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - T. Sémon
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Bruno-Galarraga M, Cueto M, Gibbons A, Pereyra-Bonnet F, Subiabre M, González-Bulnes A. Preselection of high and low ovulatory responders in sheep multiple ovulation and embryo transfer programs. Theriogenology 2015; 84:784-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Merenlender-Wagner A, Malishkevich A, Shemer Z, Udawela M, Gibbons A, Scarr E, Dean B, Levine J, Agam G, Gozes I. Autophagy has a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:126-32. [PMID: 24365867 PMCID: PMC4320293 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process preserving the balance between synthesis, degradation and recycling of cellular components and is therefore essential for neuronal survival and function. Several key proteins govern the autophagy pathway including beclin1 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Here, we show a brain-specific reduction in beclin1 expression in postmortem hippocampus of schizophrenia patients, not detected in peripheral lymphocytes. This is in contrast with activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) and ADNP2, which we have previously found to be deregulated in postmortem hippocampal samples from schizophrenia patients, but that now showed a significantly increased expression in lymphocytes from related patients, similar to increases in the anti-apoptotic, beclin1-interacting, Bcl2. The increase in ADNP was associated with the initial stages of the disease, possibly reflecting a compensatory effect. The increase in ADNP2 might be a consequence of neuroleptic treatment, as seen in rats subjected to clozapine treatment. ADNP haploinsufficiency in mice, which results in age-related neuronal death, cognitive and social dysfunction, exhibited reduced hippocampal beclin1 and increased Bcl2 expression (mimicking schizophrenia and normal human aging). At the protein level, ADNP co-immunoprecipitated with LC3B suggesting a direct association with the autophagy process and paving the path to novel targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merenlender-Wagner
- Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Malishkevich
- Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Z Shemer
- Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Udawela
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Scarr
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Levine
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - G Agam
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology And Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel E-mail:
| | - I Gozes
- Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Director, The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and The Edersheim Levie-Gitter fMRI Institute, Head, the Dr. Diana and Zelman Elton (Elbaum) Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel E-mail:
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Bevacqua RJ, Fernandéz Martín R, Gibbons A, Teixeira D, Canel NG, Lange F, Hiriart MI, Kues WA, Ferraris S, Salamone DF. 355 COMPARISON OF Tn5 AND SLEEPING BEAUTY SYSTEMS IN BOVINE EMBRYOS AND IN OVINE OFFSPRING. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current techniques for the production of transgenic domestic animals remain inefficient. Only recently, DNA transposons resulted in improved efficiencies for mouse and pig transgenesis. In this work, we evaluated Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty systems for transgenesis in bovine and ovine species. First, both transposon systems were assessed in vitro in bovine embryos employing transposons carrying fluorescent reporter genes. In vitro-produced bovine zygotes were microinjected with either 1) a complex of Tn5:egfp transposon (20 ng μL–1) (protein: transgene with mosaic ends recognised by Tn5, in Mg+2 free medium), or 2) two plasmids carrying Sleeping Beauty 100X (pSB100X, 5 ng μL–1) and pT2/Venus transposon (10 ng μL–1). In vitro results for Tn5 transgenesis in bovine showed that blastocysts, Day 4 egfp embryos and egfp blastocysts rates for the group injected with Tn5:egfp did not differ from the group injected with the egfp transposon alone (73/145, 50%; 86/145, 59%; and 65/145, 45% v. 65/129, 50%; 87/129, 67%; and 57/129, 44%, respectively). For SB transgenesis, blastocysts, D4 Venus embryos, and Venus blastocysts rates did not differ between co-injection of pSB100X and pT2/Venus or injection with pT2/Venus alone (46/99, 46.5%; 64/99, 64.6%; and 33/99, 33.3% v. 41/83, 49.4%; 52/83, 62.7%; and 26/83, 31.3%, respectively). However, Venus intensity in blastocysts was markedly higher for the group co-injected with pSB100X and pT2/Venus respective to pT2/Venus alone. Both systems were assessed in vivo for the production of transgenic lambs employing a functional transposon (hrFIX, recombinant human factor IX driven by a Beta-lactoglobulin promoter). Laparoscopic artificial insemination of donor sheep was performed, and presumptive zygotes were flushed from the oviducts. The microinjections were done identically as described for the bovine embryos. A total of 24 presumptive zygotes were recovered and injected with the Tn5:hrFIX complex. Then, 21 zygotes were transferred to 5 synchronized ewes; one pregnancy of siblings was obtained, and one animal was born. Genomic DNA from skin, placenta, and blood was genotyped by PCR, but the hrFIX gene could not be detected. For the SB approach, 64 presumptive zygotes were recovered from 4 superovulated ewes, microinjected with the SB plasmids, and 21 of them were transferred to 7 oestrous synchronized recipients. The remaining zygotes were cultured in vitro and blastocysts (n = 7) were vitrified. Currently, 3 donor ewes are pregnant, one with siblings (4 total fetuses). Deliveries are expected by the end of August of this year. Our results indicate that both Tn5 and SB systems are capable of resulting in the production of transgene expressing embryos, and the presence of the transposases does not affect embryo viability. However, phenotyping of blastocyst stages does not seem to be predictive for stable transgene integration. The in vivo results will help to better address the suitability of Tn5 and SB approaches for the production of transgenic sheep.
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Gogos A, Sbisa AM, Sun J, Gibbons A, Udawela M, Dean B. A Role for Estrogen in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Preclinical Findings. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:615356. [PMID: 26491441 PMCID: PMC4600562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/615356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in schizophrenia have been extensively researched and it is being increasingly accepted that gonadal steroids are strongly attributed to this phenomenon. Of the various hormones implicated, the estrogen hypothesis has been the most widely researched one and it postulates that estrogen exerts a protective effect by buffering females against the development and severity of the illness. In this review, we comprehensively analyse studies that have investigated the effects of estrogen, in particular 17β-estradiol, in clinical, animal, and molecular research with relevance to schizophrenia. Specifically, we discuss the current evidence on estrogen dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and review the clinical findings on the use of estradiol as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia patients. Preclinical research that has used animal models and molecular probes to investigate estradiol's underlying protective mechanisms is also substantially discussed, with particular focus on estradiol's impact on the major neurotransmitter systems implicated in schizophrenia, namely, the dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- *Andrea Gogos:
| | - Alyssa M. Sbisa
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jeehae Sun
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Dennett R, Gibbons A, Pimpaneau V. Successful technology transfer for cell therapy products. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fauth EB, Gibbons A. Which behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are the most problematic? Variability by prevalence, intensity, distress ratings, and associations with caregiver depressive symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:263-71. [PMID: 23846797 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) impact well-being for persons with dementia (PWD) and caregivers. Identifying the most problematic symptoms is vital in targeting interventions and allocating resources. The current study highlights inconsistencies in the "most problematic" symptoms when identified via prevalence, intensity, caregiver distress, or associations with caregiver depressive symptoms. METHODS Caregivers (N = 177) were mostly female (77%) and spouses of PWD (73%), with average age of 66.7 years (SD = 16.1). They reported BPSD frequency and distress via the Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (RMBPC) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and their own depressive symptoms via the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). BPSD were ranked by prevalence, average frequency, and average distress ratings. RMBPC subscales were correlated with GDS, and discriminant function analyses used NPI symptoms to discriminate between caregivers' normal (range 0-9) or elevated (10+) GDS. RESULTS Most prevalent NPI symptoms were Apathy, Depression, and Agitation. Most intense (frequency × severity) were Appetite, Motor behaviors, and Apathy, and most distressing were Delusions, Agitation, and Irritability. For RMBPC, Memory was most frequent but least distressing, whereas Disruptive was least frequent but most distressing. RMBPC frequency and distress subscales were significantly associated with caregiver GDS. Discriminant function analyses were statistically significant (Lambda = 0.822; χ(2) (12) = 30.62; p = 0.002. Canonical correlation = 0.442); NPI symptoms correctly classified caregivers GDS status 72% of the time. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms revealed as "most problematic" varied by measurement criterion. Common or frequent symptoms are not necessarily the most distressing or most predictive of caregiver depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Fauth
- Department of Family, Consumer, and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Chana G, Bousman CA, Money TT, Gibbons A, Gillett P, Dean B, Everall IP. Biomarker investigations related to pathophysiological pathways in schizophrenia and psychosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:95. [PMID: 23805071 PMCID: PMC3693064 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem brain investigations of schizophrenia have generated swathes of data in the last few decades implicating candidate genes and protein. However, the relation of these findings to peripheral biomarker indicators and symptomatology remain to be elucidated. While biomarkers for disease do not have to be involved with underlying pathophysiology and may be largely indicative of diagnosis or prognosis, the ideal may be a biomarker that is involved in underlying disease processes and which is therefore more likely to change with progression of the illness as well as potentially being more responsive to treatment. One of the main difficulties in conducting biomarker investigations for major psychiatric disorders is the relative inconsistency in clinical diagnoses between disorders such as bipolar and schizophrenia. This has led some researchers to investigate biomarkers associated with core symptoms of these disorders, such as psychosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the contribution of post-mortem brain investigations to elucidating the pathophysiology pathways involved in schizophrenia and psychosis, with an emphasis on major neurotransmitter systems that have been implicated. This data will then be compared to functional neuroimaging findings as well as findings from blood based gene expression investigations in schizophrenia in order to highlight the relative overlap in pathological processes between these different modalities used to elucidate pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In addition we will cover some recent and exciting findings demonstrating microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in both the blood and the brain in patients with schizophrenia. These changes are pertinent to the topic due to their known role in post-transcriptional modification of gene expression with the potential to contribute or underlie gene expression changes observed in schizophrenia. Finally, we will discuss how post-mortem studies may aid future biomarker investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Chana
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Albariño CG, Shoemaker T, Khristova ML, Wamala JF, Muyembe JJ, Balinandi S, Tumusiime A, Campbell S, Cannon D, Gibbons A, Bergeron E, Bird B, Dodd K, Spiropoulou C, Erickson BR, Guerrero L, Knust B, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ströher U. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 2013; 442:97-100. [PMID: 23711383 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, an unprecedented number of four distinct, partially overlapping filovirus-associated viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks were detected in equatorial Africa. Analysis of complete virus genome sequences confirmed the reemergence of Sudan virus and Marburg virus in Uganda, and the first emergence of Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Scarr E, Craig JM, Cairns MJ, Seo MS, Galati JC, Beveridge NJ, Gibbons A, Juzva S, Weinrich B, Parkinson-Bates M, Carroll AP, Saffery R, Dean B. Decreased cortical muscarinic M1 receptors in schizophrenia are associated with changes in gene promoter methylation, mRNA and gene targeting microRNA. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e230. [PMID: 23423139 PMCID: PMC3594731 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown decreased cortical muscarinic M1 receptors (CHRM1) in schizophrenia (Sz), with one study showing Sz can be separated into two populations based on a marked loss of CHRM1 (-75%) in -25% of people (Def-Sz) with the disorder. To better understand the mechanism contributing to the loss of CHRM1 in Def-Sz, we measured specific markers of gene expression in the cortex of people with Sz as a whole, people differentiated into Def-Sz and people with Sz that do not have a deficit in cortical CHRM1 (Non-Def-Sz) and health controls. We now report that cortical CHRM1 gene promoter methylation and CHRM1 mRNA are decrease in Sz, Def-Sz and Non-Def-Sz but levels of the micro RNA (miR)-107, a CHRM1 targeting miR, are increased only in Def-Sz. We also report in vitro data strongly supporting the notion that miR-107 levels regulate CHRM1 expression. These data suggest there is a reversal of the expected inverse relationship between gene promoter methylation and CHRM1 mRNA in people with Sz and that a breakdown in gene promoter methylation control of CHRM1 expression is contributing to the global pathophysiology of the syndrome. In addition, our data argues that increased levels of at least one miR, miR-107, is contributing to the marked loss of cortical CHRM1 in Def-Sz and this may be a differentiating pathophysiology. These latter data continue to support the hypothesis that microRNAs (miRNA) have a role in the underlying neurobiology of Sz but argue they are differentially affected in subsets of people within that syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scarr
- The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J M Craig
- The Early Life Epigenetic Group, The Murdoch's Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,The Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M J Cairns
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,The Schizophrenia Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M S Seo
- The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J C Galati
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - N J Beveridge
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,The Schizophrenia Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Juzva
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Weinrich
- The Early Life Epigenetic Group, The Murdoch's Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Parkinson-Bates
- The Cancer and the Developmental Epigenetics Group, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A P Carroll
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,The Schizophrenia Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- The Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,The Cancer and the Developmental Epigenetics Group, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Dean
- The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Mental Health Research Institute, The Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, Genetics Lane, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. E-mail:
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