1
|
Devine N, Stewart GT, Couch D. And Slowly to School…Reflecting on Recent School Attendance Reports. N Z J Educ Stud 2023; 58:1-4. [PMID: 37520067 PMCID: PMC10187510 DOI: 10.1007/s40841-023-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesta Devine
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stewart GT, Couch D, Devine N. A General Malaise: Education in Post-Covid Times. N Z J Educ Stud 2022; 57:301-304. [PMID: 37521822 PMCID: PMC9629762 DOI: 10.1007/s40841-022-00269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nesta Devine
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jandrić P, Martinez AF, Reitz C, Jackson L, Grauslund D, Hayes D, Lukoko HO, Hogan M, Mozelius P, Arantes JA, Levinson P, Ozoliņš JJ, Kirylo JD, Carr PR, Hood N, Tesar M, Sturm S, Abegglen S, Burns T, Sinfield S, Stewart GT, Suoranta J, Jaldemark J, Gustafsson U, Monzó LD, Kokić IB, Kihwele JE, Wright J, Kishore P, Stewart PA, Bridges SM, Lodahl M, Bryant P, Kaur K, Hollings S, Brown JB, Steketee A, Prinsloo P, Hazzan MK, Jopling M, Mañero J, Gibbons A, Pfohl S, Humble N, Davidsen J, Ford DR, Sharma N, Stockbridge K, Pyyhtinen O, Escaño C, Achieng-Evensen C, Rose J, Irwin J, Shukla R, SooHoo S, Truelove I, Buchanan R, Urvashi S, White EJ, Novak R, Ryberg T, Arndt S, Redder B, Mukherjee M, Komolafe BF, Mallya M, Devine N, Sattarzadeh SD, Hayes S. Teaching in the Age of Covid-19—The New Normal. Postdigit Sci Educ 2022. [PMCID: PMC9471040 DOI: 10.1007/s42438-022-00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Jandrić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Charles Reitz
- Kansas City Kansas Community College, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Liz Jackson
- Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | - Michael Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Jānis John Ozoliņš
- College of Philosophy and Theology, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Paul R. Carr
- Département des sciences de l’éducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, boulevard Alexandre-Taché, C.P. 1250, succursale Hull, Gatineau, Québec J8X 3X7 Canada
| | - Nina Hood
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marek Tesar
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sean Sturm
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Abegglen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tom Burns
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Sandra Sinfield
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | | | - Juha Suoranta
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jimmy Jaldemark
- Department of Education, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Gustafsson
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lilia D. Monzó
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Ivana Batarelo Kokić
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Jake Wright
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Pallavi Kishore
- Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Kulpreet Kaur
- Jindal Global Business School, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Stephanie Hollings
- Faculty of English, Jilin International Studies University, Jilin, China
| | | | - Anne Steketee
- School of Education, Oakland City University, Oakland City, IN USA
| | | | - Moses Kayode Hazzan
- Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Jopling
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Andrew Gibbons
- School of Education, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Pfohl
- Department of Art & Design, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Niklas Humble
- Department of Computer and System Science, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Navreeti Sharma
- Global Languages Centre, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Kevin Stockbridge
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Rose
- School of Social Science, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Jones Irwin
- School of Human Development, Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Richa Shukla
- Jindal Global Business School, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Suzanne SooHoo
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | | | - Rachel Buchanan
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shreya Urvashi
- Centre for Studies in Sociology of Education, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - E. Jayne White
- School of Teacher Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | | | - Thomas Ryberg
- Institute for Advanced Study in PBL at Aalborg University (AAU), Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sonja Arndt
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridgette Redder
- Te Rito Maioha Early Childhood New Zealand, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Mousumi Mukherjee
- International Institute for Higher Education Research & Capacity Building, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Delhi India
| | | | - Madhav Mallya
- Jindal Global Law School, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Nesta Devine
- Faculty of Culture and Society, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sahar D. Sattarzadeh
- Education Studies, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN USA
- Chair for Critical Studies in Higher Education Transformation (CriSHET), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jandrić P, Hayes D, Truelove I, Levinson P, Mayo P, Ryberg T, Monzó LD, Allen Q, Stewart PA, Carr PR, Jackson L, Bridges S, Escaño C, Grauslund D, Mañero J, Lukoko HO, Bryant P, Fuentes-Martinez A, Gibbons A, Sturm S, Rose J, Chuma MM, Biličić E, Pfohl S, Gustafsson U, Arantes JA, Ford DR, Kihwele JE, Mozelius P, Suoranta J, Jurjević L, Jurčević M, Steketee A, Irwin J, White EJ, Davidsen J, Jaldemark J, Abegglen S, Burns T, Sinfield S, Kirylo JD, Kokić IB, Stewart GT, Rikowski G, Christensen LL, Arndt S, Pyyhtinen O, Reitz C, Lodahl M, Humble N, Buchanan R, Forster DJ, Kishore P, Ozoliņš JJ, Sharma N, Urvashi S, Nejad HG, Hood N, Tesar M, Wang Y, Wright J, Brown JB, Prinsloo P, Kaur K, Mukherjee M, Novak R, Shukla R, Hollings S, Konnerup U, Mallya M, Olorundare A, Achieng-Evensen C, Philip AP, Hazzan MK, Stockbridge K, Komolafe BF, Bolanle OF, Hogan M, Redder B, Sattarzadeh SD, Jopling M, SooHoo S, Devine N, Hayes S. Teaching in the Age of Covid-19. Postdigit Sci Educ 2020. [PMCID: PMC7411270 DOI: 10.1007/s42438-020-00169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Jandrić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Ryberg
- Depatment of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lilia D. Monzó
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Quaylan Allen
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | | | - Paul R. Carr
- Département des sciences d l’éducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, boulevard Alexandre-Taché, C.P. 1250, succursale Hull, Gatineau, Québec, J8X 3X7 Canada
| | - Liz Jackson
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Gibbons
- School of Education, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sean Sturm
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer Rose
- School of Social Science, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | | | - Eva Biličić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sarah Pfohl
- Department of Art & Design, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ulrika Gustafsson
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Janine Aldous Arantes
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Juha Suoranta
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Anne Steketee
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Jones Irwin
- School of Human Development, Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Jimmy Jaldemark
- Department of Education, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Sandra Abegglen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tom Burns
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Sandra Sinfield
- Centre for Professional and Educational Development, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | | | - Ivana Batarelo Kokić
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Glenn Rikowski
- College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | | | - Sonja Arndt
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olli Pyyhtinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mikkel Lodahl
- Institute for Danish Game Development, Dania Academy, Grenaa, Denmark
| | - Niklas Humble
- Department of Computer and System Science, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Rachel Buchanan
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Pallavi Kishore
- Jindal Global Law School, O.P, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Jānis John Ozoliņš
- College of Philosophy and Theology, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Navreeti Sharma
- Global Language Centre, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Shreya Urvashi
- Centre for Studies in Sociology of Education, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Harry G. Nejad
- Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O. P. Jindal Global University, Haryana, India
| | - Nina Hood
- Faculty of Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marek Tesar
- Faculty of Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yang Wang
- Chinese Language & Culture College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Keystone Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Jake Wright
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | | | - Kulpreet Kaur
- Jindal Global Business School, Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonepat, India
| | - Mousumi Mukherjee
- International Institute for Higher Education Research & Capacity Building, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Delhi India
| | - Rene Novak
- University of Waikato and BestStart, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Richa Shukla
- OP Jindal Global Business School, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | | | - Ulla Konnerup
- Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Madhav Mallya
- Jindal Global Law School, Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | | | | | - Abey P Philip
- Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Moses Kayode Hazzan
- Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kevin Stockbridge
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Blessing Funmi Komolafe
- Science Education Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
- Curriculum and Pedagogy, College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | | | - Michael Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bridgette Redder
- Te Rito Maioha Early Childhood New Zealand, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael Jopling
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Suzanne SooHoo
- Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Nesta Devine
- Faculty of Culture and Society, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reader J, Jandrić P, Peters MA, Barnett R, Garbowski M, Lipińska V, Rider S, Bhatt I, Clarke A, Hashemi M, Bevan A, Trozzo E, MacKenzie A, Aldern JJ, Matias CE, Stewart GT, Mika C, McLaren P, Fawns T, Knox J, Savin-Baden M, Jackson L, Hood N, Tesar M, Fuller S, Baker C. Enchantment - Disenchantment-Re-Enchantment: Postdigital Relationships between Science, Philosophy, and Religion. Postdigit Sci Educ 2020. [PMCID: PMC7336100 DOI: 10.1007/s42438-020-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This collectively written article explores postdigital relationships between science, philosophy, and religion within the continuum of enchantment, disenchantment, and re-enchantment. Contributions are broadly classified within four sections related to academic fields of philosophy, theology, critical theory, and postdigital studies. The article reveals complex and nuanced relationships between various disciplinary perspectives, religions, and political positions, and points towards lot of commonalities between their views to the enchantment, disenchantment, re-enchantment continuum. Some commonly discussed questions include: Where do the mythical, mystical and spiritual end and the rational, objective and empirical begin? How do we find our bearings in the midst of this complexity and where do we search for resources that are trustworthy and reliable? While the article inevitably offers more questions than answers, a common thread between all contributions is the need for an open postdigital dialogue conducted in the spirit of mutual understanding and respect. It is with this conclusion that the article offers a possible route for further development of such dialogue in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petar Jandrić
- Zagreb University of Applied Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Ronald Barnett
- University College London, Institute of Education, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sharon Rider
- Department of Philosophy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Trozzo
- Australian Lutheran College, University of Divinity, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jared J. Aldern
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Cheryl E. Matias
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute for the Study in (In)Equality, University of Denver, Denver, CO USA
| | | | - Carl Mika
- University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Peter McLaren
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Chapman University, Orange, CA USA
| | - Tim Fawns
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nina Hood
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marek Tesar
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Chris Baker
- Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Tuari Stewart
- Te Kura Mātauranga-School of Education, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Stewart GT, Coles HM, Nixon HH, Holt RJ. "Penbritin": An Oral Penicillin with Broad-spectrum Activity. Br Med J 2011; 2:200-6. [PMID: 20789196 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5246.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Stewart GT. Science, sense, and nonsense about HIV in Africa. Commun Dis Public Health 2000; 3:307-8. [PMID: 11280269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
11
|
|
12
|
|
13
|
Stewart GT. More doubt required. Pract Midwife 1999; 2:33-5. [PMID: 10723414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
|
14
|
Fiala C, Stewart GT. Immunisation with gp160 in HIV-1 infection. Lancet 1999; 354:948; author reply 949. [PMID: 10489976 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Craven BM, Fiala C, de Harven E, Stewart GT. Making AIDS a business imperative. Lancet 1999; 354:679-80. [PMID: 10466693 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine issues of regulation of the market for, and use of, blood and blood products. The situation has changed since the discovery of the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), the presumed cause of AIDS, because it was recognized that some haemophiliacs were infected with HIV from transfused blood and blood products before 1985. When the danger was realized in that year, regulations were introduced internationally to prevent this, but meanwhile some haemophiliacs developed AIDS. In several countries, governments have accepted responsibility, without liability, for possible transmission of infection, and paid compensation to victims. In France three health service officials have been convicted of fraud and criminal negligence. In March 1997 a trial began in Japan of three drugs company executives accused of promoting the sale of HIV-contaminated blood products. Since then there has been a class action in the USA resulting in awards. Further issues have arisen with regard to the outcome and treatment of asymptomatic infection with HIV. The implications for public safety, and for medical and legal practice, are far reaching and reveal a need for more effective monitoring of the existing procedure for supply and clinical use of blood and blood products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Craven
- Business School, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Craven BM, Stewart GT. Monitoring expenditure in relation to epidemiological and demographical characteristics of AIDS in South East England. Health Care Anal 1997; 5:31-40; discussion 40-1. [PMID: 10166048 DOI: 10.1007/bf02678453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the UK, over 70% of AIDS, including new cases, is located in a few Districts in central London where the distribution of previously occurring and new cases is essentially confined to the original risk groups of homosexual/bisexual men, drug addicts of both sexes, and some of their sexual partners and consorts. But control policy is still based on the assumption that HIV has already spread from persons in these risk groups into the general population, and that it will spread hereafter at an increased rate because of heterosexual transmission to cause a widespread epidemic of AIDS. The basis and implications of this policy were investigated in the South East region adjacent to London. Analysis of demographic and epidemiological data shows that, with one exception, there is very little extension of AIDS from affected Districts in London to the surrounding region or even to the suburban fringe. Where AIDS is prevalent, as in this exception, the distribution follows the same, original pattern which relates essentially to risks arising from life-styles. There is no significant association between the prevalence or spread of AIDS and conventional markers of deprivation, economic and social disadvantage. Allocations of personnel, services and expenditure, assessed from returns required under the AIDS Control Act of 1987 and official registration data, continue to follow the original policy assumptions. They are therefore unrelated to the numbers of existing and new cases, disproportionate and unrealistic. Claims that this widespread excess of effort is justified by the fact that AIDS has not spread to the general population are falsified by the continuation of cases almost exclusively in risk groups. There is nothing in the data required under the Act or in registrations in this main locus of AIDS in the UK to suggest any change in this or to justify continuation of current expenditure and redundant activities. There is no evidence in these data that ethnic variations in the resident populations of Districts are associated with variations in the prevalence of AIDS. However, the larger figures available in some of the national data do indicate a disproportionate increase in some minority ethnic groups. Further detail about risks factors in these groups are required and, meanwhile, effort and expenditure should be re-orientated toward treatment, contact tracing and other public health measures for more effective containment of the continuing spread of AIDS in all the high risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Craven
- Newcastle Business School, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Abstract
Epidemiologically, the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS, is transmitted and distributed in the USA and Europe almost entirely in well-defined subsets of populations engaging in, or subjected to, the effects of behaviours which carry high risks of genital and systemic infections. The persons predominantly affected are those engaging in promiscuous homosexual and bisexual activity, regular use of addictive drugs, and their sexual and recreational partners. In such persons and in subsets of populations with corresponding life-styles, the risk of AIDS increases by orders of magnitude. Because of continuity of risk behaviour and of associated indicator infections, the incidence of AIDS over 3-5 year periods is predictable to within 10% of actual totals of registered cases in the USA and UK. Secondary transmission of AIDS beyond these groups is minimal or, in many locations, absent. There is no indication of appreciable spread by heterosexual transmission to the general population. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is transmissible to some extent in general populations, and more so among promiscuous persons. It may cause viraemia, lymphadenopathy and latent infection (HIV disease) in anyone. In persons engaging in risk behaviours which themselves alter or suppress immune responses, it can interact with MHC, antibodies to other organisms and to semen, and other allogenic antigens to initiate a programmed death of CD4 lymphocytes and other defensive cells, as in graft-host rejections. This occurs also in haemophiliacs receiving transfusions of blood products, and is more pronounced in persons with reactive HLA haplotypes. The susceptibility of particular subsets of populations to AIDS is thereby largely explained. But these changes occur in the absence of HIV, and so do Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphadenopathies and opportunistic infections which are regarded as main indicators of AIDS. The hypothesis that HIV-1 can do all this by itself and thereby cause AIDS is falsifiable on biological as well as epidemiological grounds. An alternative hypothesis is proposed, linking the incidence of AIDS to the evolution of contemporary risk behaviour in particular communities and locations in the USA, UK and probably in most of Europe. It does not pretend to explain the reported incidence of AIDS in Africa and other developing regions where data are insufficient to provide validation of the pattern of disease and contributory variables. The immediate, practical implication of this alternative hypothesis is that existing programmes for the control of AIDS are wrongly orientated, extremely wasteful of effort and expenditure, and in some respects harmful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Stewart
- Emeritus Professor of Public Health, University of Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baumann E, Bethell T, Bialy H, Duesberg PH, Farber C, Geshekter CL, Johnson PE, Maver RW, Schoch R, Stewart GT. AIDS proposal. Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV/AIDS Hypothesis. Science 1995; 267:945-6. [PMID: 7863335 DOI: 10.1126/science.7863334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
22
|
Abstract
This paper reviews some of the history of AIDS in order to put into perspective the claim that AIDS is or will be the pandemic plague of the twentieth century. It is concluded that AIDS shows a relatively stable and predictable pattern in the developed world, and that open and unbiased debate about AIDS is long overdue.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
Stewart GT. Changing case-definition for AIDS. Lancet 1992; 340:1414. [PMID: 1360119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Stewart GT. The law tries to decide whether whooping cough vaccine causes brain damage: Professor Gordon Stewart gives evidence. BMJ 1986; 293:203-4. [PMID: 3089449 PMCID: PMC1340931 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.293.6540.203-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Abstract
Children living in deprived districts in Glasgow were on average about nine times (five to over a hundred times) more likely to be admitted to hospital for any reason than children in non-deprived districts. The deprivation variables most strongly correlated with admission rates were overcrowding in households and parental unemployment; in comparison with these the protective effect of vaccination against measles and whooping cough, for example, was less significant. The findings show possibilities of an immense saving in avoidable illness and health service costs by elimination of recognisable disadvantages. But they suggest also the presence of a less recognisable life-style factor which may be responsible for a substantial health-damaging effect in some relatively non-deprived environments.
Collapse
|
32
|
Stewart GT. Pertussis vaccine. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138:890-1. [PMID: 6475883 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1984.02140470088032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Stewart GT. Whooping cough and pertussis vaccination. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288:232-3. [PMID: 6419866 PMCID: PMC1444490 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6412.232-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Craddock MJ, Murdoch RM, Stewart GT. Community medicine in the medical curriculum: a statistical analysis of a professional examination. Health Policy 1983; 4:37-42. [PMID: 10266575 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8510(84)90016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyses the examination results of two cohorts of medical students at the University of Glasgow. It discusses the usefulness of Scottish higher grades as predictors of ability to pass examinations in medicine. Further correlations are made between the results from community medicine and other fourth- and fifth-year medical school examinations.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Stewart GT. Medicine and the media. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6286.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abstract
Estimates based upon notifications indicate that there was in the 1977-9 triennium in the United Kingdom the largest outbreak of whooping cough for 20 years or more. During this triennium there was also a sharp increase in other infections diseases of childhood, notably in non-notifiable respiratory infections. Isolates of certain respiratory viruses ran in parallel and collectively outnumbered those of Bordetella pertussis during the period of increase in notifications. There was highly significant positive correlation between isolates of B pertussis and of ECHO viruses, of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and rhinoviruses and, in Scotland only, of Coxsackie virus. Deaths in which whooping cough was certified as the immediate of underlying cause were lower than in previous outbreaks. Only a minority were bacteriologically confirmed. A closer study of the outbreak in Glasgow disclosed considerable variations in notification procedure and lack of correlation with isolates of B pertussis at the peak of the notification period. Attack rates calculated from notification were higher in deprived areas. Birth cohort studies showed a significantly higher proportion of notifications in unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and this was confirmed in family studies of clinical whooping cough in home contacts. But, overall, about 35% of reported cases were children who had received three injections of triple vaccine. Acceptance of pertussis vaccine fell sharply in 1975 but about 95% of unvaccinated children in age groups 0-5, including the 1977 and the 1977 and 1978 birth cohorts, either escaped infection or were not notified.
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
Moynihan M, Jones AK, Stewart GT, Lucas RW. Knowledge of health information and services in a random sample of the population of Glasgow. Health Educ J 1980; 39:19-22. [PMID: 10247238 DOI: 10.1177/001789698003900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A RANDOM sample of adults in Glasgow was surveyed by trained interviewers to determine public knowledge on four topics chosen specifically for each of four age groups. The topics were: Welfare rights and services; Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and individual action that can reduce risk; The dangers of smoking in pregnancy; and fluoride and its functions and the connections between good health and habitual behaviour.
Collapse
|
48
|
Moynihan M, Jones AK, Stewart GT, Lucas RW. Effectiveness of one-to-one health education in the home. Health Educ J 1980; 39:15-18. [PMID: 10247237 DOI: 10.1177/001789698003900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
HEALTH education conventionally takes one of two forms, a mass campaign to the whole population using the media, or an approach to members of chosen at-risk groups, through individual or small group sessions. The following study explores the efficacy of one-to-one education of the whole adult population, at risk or not, by visiting a random sample of them in their homes and giving them information on one of four relevant topics, adapting the style and content to the individual's needs and interests. The survey therefore tests the technique of a flexible, person-orientated approach to health education.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
An exponential model based on the infectious disease model of Kermack and McKendrick has been simplified to illustrate how the use of heroin spreads in epidemic fashion. A numerical simulation is arranged to show how the dynamics of spread are influenced by the original number of users, rates of conversion, and time of removal from the drug scene of those secondarily affected. The spread is significantly increased by small increases of those originally affected, in which case reduction of spread requires a large increase in rate of removal. The model indicates a strategy for intervention which is discussed in relation to policies for control of drug abuse.
Collapse
|
50
|
|