1
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Eremeev SV, Glazkova D, Poelchen G, Kraiker A, Ali K, Tarasov AV, Schulz S, Kliemt K, Chulkov EV, Stolyarov VS, Ernst A, Krellner C, Usachov DY, Vyalikh DV. Insight into the electronic structure of the centrosymmetric skyrmion magnet GdRu 2Si 2. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6678-6687. [PMID: 38024312 PMCID: PMC10662135 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a square magnetic-skyrmion lattice in GdRu2Si2, with the smallest so far found skyrmion size and without a geometrically frustrated lattice, has attracted significant attention. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of surface and bulk electronic structures of GdRu2Si2 by utilizing momentum-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements and first-principles calculations. We show how the electronic structure evolves during the antiferromagnetic transition when a peculiar helical order of 4f magnetic moments within the Gd layers sets in. A nice agreement of the ARPES-derived electronic structure with the calculated one has allowed us to characterize the features of the Fermi surface (FS), unveil the nested region along kz at the corner of the 3D FS, and reveal their orbital compositions. Our findings suggest that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction plays a decisive role in stabilizing the spiral-like order of Gd 4f moments responsible for the skyrmion physics in GdRu2Si2. Our results provide a deeper understanding of electronic and magnetic properties of this material, which is crucial for predicting and developing novel skyrmion-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Eremeev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences 634055 Tomsk Russia
| | - D Glazkova
- St. Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - G Poelchen
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden D-01062 Dresden Germany
| | - A Kraiker
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Strasse 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - K Ali
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg 41296 Sweden
| | - A V Tarasov
- St. Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny Russia
| | - S Schulz
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden D-01062 Dresden Germany
| | - K Kliemt
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Strasse 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - E V Chulkov
- St. Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - V S Stolyarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny Russia
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA) Moscow 127055 Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow 119049 Russia
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria
| | - C Krellner
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Strasse 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - D Yu Usachov
- St. Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow 119049 Russia
| | - D V Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
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2
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Poelchen G, Hellwig J, Peters M, Usachov DY, Kliemt K, Laubschat C, Echenique PM, Chulkov EV, Krellner C, Parkin SSP, Vyalikh DV, Ernst A, Kummer K. Long-lived spin waves in a metallic antiferromagnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5422. [PMID: 37669952 PMCID: PMC10480465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered crystals, called magnons or spin waves, can serve as carriers in novel spintronic devices with ultralow energy consumption. The generation of well-detectable spin flows requires long lifetimes of high-frequency magnons. In general, the lifetime of spin waves in a metal is substantially reduced due to a strong coupling of magnons to the Stoner continuum. This makes metals unattractive for use as components for magnonic devices. Here, we present the metallic antiferromagnet CeCo2P2, which exhibits long-living magnons even in the terahertz (THz) regime. For CeCo2P2, our first-principle calculations predict a suppression of low-energy spin-flip Stoner excitations, which is verified by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements. By comparison to the isostructural compound LaCo2P2, we show how small structural changes can dramatically alter the electronic structure around the Fermi level leading to the classical picture of the strongly damped magnons intrinsic to metallic systems. Our results not only demonstrate that long-lived magnons in the THz regime can exist in bulk metallic systems, but they also open a path for an efficient search for metallic magnetic systems in which undamped THz magnons can be excited.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Poelchen
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043, Grenoble, France.
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - J Hellwig
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Peters
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Yu Usachov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - K Kliemt
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Laubschat
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Echenique
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E V Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Krellner
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S S P Parkin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - D V Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Ernst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - K Kummer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043, Grenoble, France.
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3
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Nowicka-Matus K, Salkus G, Sønderkær M, Søkilde Pedersen I, Ernst A, Kubik M, Takacs-Szabo Z, Ladekarl M. Scrotal Paget's Disease Associated With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Overexpressing Metastatic Apocrine Carcinoma With Complete Response to Paclitaxel, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300173. [PMID: 37595182 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Case report and literature review of targeted treatment of HER2-positive cutaneous apocrine carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nowicka-Matus
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Salkus
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Sønderkær
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Kubik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Ladekarl
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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4
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Ghosh P, Guo J, Ye F, Heitmann T, Kelley S, Ernst A, Dugaev V, Singh DK. NiSi: New Venue for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics. Adv Mater 2023:e2302120. [PMID: 37080560 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Envisaging antiferromagnetic spintronics pivots on two key criteria of high transition temperature and tuning of underlying magnetic order using straightforward application of magnetic field or electric current. Here, we show that NiSi metal can provide suitable new platform in this quest. First, our study unveils high temperature antiferromagnetism in single crystal NiSi with TN ⩾ 700 K. Antiferromagnetic order in NiSi is accompanied by the non-centrosymmetric magnetic character with small ferromagnetic component in a-c plane. Second, we find that NiSi manifests distinct magnetic and electronic hysteresis responses to field applications due to the disparity in two moment directions. While magnetic hysteresis is characterized by one-step switching between ferromagnetic states of uncompensated moment, electronic behavior is ascribed to metamagnetic switching phenomena between non-collinear spin configurations. Importantly, the switching behaviors persist to high temperature. The properties underscore the importance of NiSi in the pursuit of antiferromagnetic spintronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - F Ye
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - T Heitmann
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - A Ernst
- Institut for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - V Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Materials Science and Engineering Institute, Columbia, MO, USA
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5
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Ladekarl M, Nøhr AK, Sønderkær M, Dahl SC, Sunde L, Vestereghem C, Mapendano CK, Haslund CA, Pagh A, Carus A, Lörincz T, Nowicka-Matus K, Poulsen LØ, Laursen RJ, Dybkær K, Poulsen BK, Frøkjær JB, Brügmann AH, Ernst A, Wanders A, Bøgsted M, Pedersen IS. Feasibility and early clinical impact of precision medicine for late-stage cancer patients in a regional public academic hospital. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:261-271. [PMID: 36905645 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2185542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our goal was to describe a precision medicine program in a regional academic hospital, characterize features of included patients and present early data on clinical impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively included 163 eligible patients with late-stage cancer of any diagnosis from June 2020 to May 2022 in the Proseq Cancer trial. Molecular profiling of new or fresh frozen tumor biopsies was done by WES and RNAseq with parallel sequencing of non-tumoral DNA as individual reference. Cases were presented at a National Molecular Tumor Board (NMTB) for discussion of targeted treatment. Subsequently, patients were followed for at least 7 months. RESULTS 80% (N = 131) of patients had a successful analysis done, disclosing at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in 96%. A strongly or potentially druggable variant was found in 19% and 73% of patients, respectively. A germline variant was identified in 2.5%. Median time from trial inclusion to NMTB decision was one month. One third (N = 44) of patients who underwent molecularly profiling were matched with a targeted treatment, however, only 16% were either treated (N = 16) or are waiting for treatment (N = 5), deteriorating performance status being the primary cause of failure. A history of cancer among 1st degree relatives, and a diagnosis of lung or prostate cancer correlated with greater chance of targeted treatment being available. The response rate of targeted treatments was 40%, the clinical benefit rate 53%, and the median time on treatment was 3.8 months. 23% of patients presented at NMTB were recommended clinical trial participation, not dependent on biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Precision medicine in end-stage cancer patients is feasible in a regional academic hospital but should continue within the frame of clinical protocols as few patients benefit. Close collaboration with comprehensive cancer centers ensures expert evaluations and equality in access to early clinical trials and modern treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ladekarl
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Krogh Nøhr
- Center for Clinical Data Science, Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Sønderkær
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Christian Dahl
- Center for Clinical Data Science, Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Charles Vestereghem
- Center for Clinical Data Science, Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christophe Kamungu Mapendano
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Aaquist Haslund
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Pagh
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Carus
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tamás Lörincz
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kinga Nowicka-Matus
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Laurids Ø Poulsen
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klindt Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Høegh Brügmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alkwin Wanders
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Center for Clinical Data Science, Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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6
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Wang XG, Guo GH, Dyrdał A, Barnaś J, Dugaev VK, Parkin SSP, Ernst A, Chotorlishvili L. Skyrmion Echo in a System of Interacting Skyrmions. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:126101. [PMID: 36179192 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.126101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We consider helical rotation of skyrmions confined in the potentials formed by nanodisks. Based on numerical and analytical calculations we propose the skyrmion echo phenomenon. The physical mechanism of the skyrmion echo formation is also proposed. Because of the distortion of the lattice, impurities, or pinning effect, confined skyrmions experience slightly different local fields, which leads to dephasing of the initial signal. The interaction between skyrmions also can contribute to the dephasing process. However, switching the magnetization direction in the nanodiscs (e.g., by spin transfer torque) also switches the helical rotation of the skyrmions from clockwise to anticlockwise (or vice versa), and this restores the initial signal (which is the essence of skyrmion echo).
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Affiliation(s)
- X-G Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Guang-Hua Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - A Dyrdał
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - J Barnaś
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - V K Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - S S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - L Chotorlishvili
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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7
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Windsor YW, Lee SE, Zahn D, Borisov V, Thonig D, Kliemt K, Ernst A, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Pontius N, Staub U, Krellner C, Vyalikh DV, Eriksson O, Rettig L. Exchange scaling of ultrafast angular momentum transfer in 4f antiferromagnets. Nat Mater 2022; 21:514-517. [PMID: 35210586 PMCID: PMC9064787 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast manipulation of magnetism bears great potential for future information technologies. While demagnetization in ferromagnets is governed by the dissipation of angular momentum1-3, materials with multiple spin sublattices, for example antiferromagnets, can allow direct angular momentum transfer between opposing spins, promising faster functionality. In lanthanides, 4f magnetic exchange is mediated indirectly through the conduction electrons4 (the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction), and the effect of such conditions on direct spin transfer processes is largely unexplored. Here, we investigate ultrafast magnetization dynamics in 4f antiferromagnets and systematically vary the 4f occupation, thereby altering the magnitude of the RKKY coupling energy. By combining time-resolved soft X-ray diffraction with ab initio calculations, we find that the rate of direct transfer between opposing moments is directly determined by this coupling. Given the high sensitivity of RKKY to the conduction electrons, our results offer a useful approach for fine tuning the speed of magnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Windsor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - S-E Lee
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Zahn
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Borisov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Thonig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - K Kliemt
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - N Pontius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C Krellner
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D V Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - O Eriksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Rettig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Yagdiran A, Otto-Lambertz C, Sondermann B, Ernst A, Jochimsen D, Sobottke R, Siewe J, Eysel P, Jung N. Can we predict favourable quality of life after surgically treated vertebral osteomyelitis? Analysis of a prospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 143:2317-2324. [PMID: 35359162 PMCID: PMC10110645 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a severe clinical entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies have showed that successful treatment of VO patients leads to significantly improved quality of life (QoL). Nevertheless, QoL levels of these patients remained below those of the general population. There are rarely studies focusing on predicting factors for favourable QoL after surgically treated VO. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing positively the QoL of patients undergoing surgery for VO. METHODS We conducted a prospective monocentric study including surgically treated VO patients from 2008 to 2016. Data were collected before (T0) and 1 year (T1) after surgery. Primary outcome was favourable QoL defined as back pain with disability restricting normal life activity with a cutoff value ≥ 12 on Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). ETHICS Ethical approval was given by the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Cologne (09-182). RESULTS A total of 119 patients surviving 1 year after surgically treated VO were analysed. Favourable QoL was achieved in 35/119 patients. On multivariate analysis, younger age (hazard ratio = HR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-0.99; p = 0.022), lower albumin (HR: 0.9; 0.83-0.98; p = 0.019) an ASA score ≤ 2 (HR:4.24; 95%CI 1.42-12.68; p = 0.010), and a lower preoperative leg pain on the VAS (HR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.76-0.97; p = 0.018) were identified as independent risk factors for favourable QoL. Interestingly, the absence of neurological deficits was not predictive for a favourable outcome by means of QoL. CONCLUSION One-third of surgically treated VO patients (29%) in our cohort achieved favourable QoL by means of ODI. Our findings can facilitate an estimation of the prognosis when informing the patient before surgery, and underscore that spine disability questionnaires, such as ODI, measuring QoL, are mandatory to evaluate comprehensively the outcome of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yagdiran
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - C Otto-Lambertz
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Sondermann
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Jochimsen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Sobottke
- Department for Spine Surgery, Neurosurgery and Orthopedics, Rhein-Maas Klinikum GmbH, Mauerfeldchen 25, 52146, Würselen, Germany
| | - J Siewe
- Department for Spine Surgery, Klinikum Leverkusen gGmbH, Am Gesundheitspark 11, 51375, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - P Eysel
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Spikes M, Rodríguez-Silva R, Bennett KA, Bräger S, Josaphat J, Torres-Pineda P, Ernst A, Havenstein K, Schlupp I, Tiedemann R. A phylogeny of the genus Limia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) suggests a single-lake radiation nested in a Caribbean-wide allopatric speciation scenario. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:425. [PMID: 34823576 PMCID: PMC8613956 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Caribbean is an important global biodiversity hotspot. Adaptive radiations there lead to many speciation events within a limited period and hence are particularly prominent biodiversity generators. A prime example are freshwater fish of the genus Limia, endemic to the Greater Antilles. Within Hispaniola, nine species have been described from a single isolated site, Lake Miragoâne, pointing towards extraordinary sympatric speciation. This study examines the evolutionary history of the Limia species in Lake Miragoâne, relative to their congeners throughout the Caribbean. RESULTS For 12 Limia species, we obtained almost complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships. We included sequences of six further Limia species from GenBank (total N = 18 species). Our phylogenies are in concordance with other published phylogenies of Limia. There is strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are monophyletic, confirming a recent local radiation. Within Lake Miragoâne, speciation is likely extremely recent, leading to incomplete lineage sorting in the mtDNA. Future studies using multiple unlinked genetic markers are needed to disentangle the relationships within the Lake Miragoâne clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montrai Spikes
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Rodet Rodríguez-Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kerri-Ann Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies (Mona Campus), Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Stefan Bräger
- German Oceanographic Museum (DMM), Katharinenberg 14-20, 18439, Stralsund, Germany
| | - James Josaphat
- Caribaea Intitiative and Université Des Antilles, Guadeloupe, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Patricia Torres-Pineda
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Prof. "Eugenio de Jesús Marcano", Avenida Cesar Nicolás Penson, 10204, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - Anja Ernst
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Havenstein
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
The Jahn-Teller effect is a geometrical distortion which lowers the system symmetry and lifts orbital degeneracy in molecules and solids. It affects a wide range of properties, including magnetic and band structures. In this work we propose a family of Cr-containing intrinsic magnetic topological insulator materials which are subjected to a pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect-CrBi2Se4, CrBi2Te2Se2, and CrBi2Te4. Using first-principles calculations we study their properties and investigate the impact of Jahn-Teller distortions on the electronic and magnetic properties. We show that these distortions can significantly affect magnetic anisotropy energy and band structure. Without the distortions accounted for, all three of the compounds exhibit a semimetallic band structure. The distortions open a band gap, which in the cases of CrBi2Te2Se2 and CrBi2Te4 is inverted. We also investigate the CrBi2Te2Se2 and CrBi2Te4 surface band structure and demonstrate that the surface states have a topological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Petrov
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - E V Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
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11
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Zheng WQ, Pedersen SV, Thompson K, Bellacchio E, French CE, Munro B, Pearson TS, Vogt J, Diodato D, Diemer T, Ernst A, Horvath R, Chitre M, Ek J, Wibrand F, Grange DK, Raymond L, Zhou XL, Taylor RW, Ostergaard E. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with TARS2-related mitochondrial disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:523-534. [PMID: 34508595 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TARS2 encodes human mitochondrial threonyl tRNA-synthetase that is responsible for generating mitochondrial Thr-tRNAThr and clearing mischarged Ser-tRNAThr during mitochondrial translation. Pathogenic variants in TARS2 have hitherto been reported in a pair of siblings and an unrelated patient with an early onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and a combined respiratory chain enzyme deficiency in muscle. We here report five additional unrelated patients with TARS2-related mitochondrial diseases, expanding the clinical phenotype to also include epilepsy, dystonia, hyperhidrosis and severe hearing impairment. Additionally, we document seven novel TARS2 variants-one nonsense variant and six missense variants-that we demonstrate are pathogenic and causal of the disease presentation based on population frequency, homology modelling and functional studies that show the effects of the pathogenic variants on TARS2 stability and/or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Hua Xia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Signe Vandal Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Courtney E French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Munro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toni S Pearson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daria Diodato
- Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Tue Diemer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manali Chitre
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Ek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Wibrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elsebet Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Fedorov AV, Poelchen G, Eremeev SV, Schulz S, Generalov A, Polley C, Laubschat C, Kliemt K, Kaya N, Krellner C, Chulkov EV, Kummer K, Usachov DY, Ernst A, Vyalikh DV. Insight into the Temperature Evolution of Electronic Structure and Mechanism of Exchange Interaction in EuS. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8328-8334. [PMID: 34428055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Discovered in 1962, the divalent ferromagnetic semiconductor EuS (TC = 16.5 K, Eg = 1.65 eV) has remained constantly relevant to the engineering of novel magnetically active interfaces, heterostructures, and multilayer sequences and to combination with topological materials. Because detailed information on the electronic structure of EuS and, in particular, its evolution across TC is not well-represented in the literature but is essential for the development of new functional systems, the present work aims at filling this gap. Our angle-resolved photoemission measurements complemented with first-principles calculations demonstrate how the electronic structure of EuS evolves across a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. Our results emphasize the importance of the strong Eu 4f-S 3p mixing for exchange-magnetic splittings of the sulfur-derived bands as well as coupling between f and d orbitals of neighboring Eu atoms to derive the value of TC accurately. The 4f-3p mixing facilitates the coupling between 4f and 5d orbitals of neighboring Eu atoms, which mainly governs the exchange interaction in EuS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Fedorov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Poelchen
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - S V Eremeev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Schulz
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Generalov
- Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Polley
- Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Laubschat
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Kliemt
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Kaya
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Krellner
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E V Chulkov
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - K Kummer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - D Yu Usachov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A Ernst
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - D V Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Toft CLF, Ingerslev HJ, Kesmodel US, Hatt L, Singh R, Ravn K, Nicolaisen BH, Christensen IB, Kølvraa M, Jeppesen LD, Schelde P, Vogel I, Uldbjerg N, Farlie R, Sommer S, Østergård MLV, Jensen AN, Mogensen H, Kjartansdóttir KR, Degn B, Okkels H, Ernst A, Pedersen IS. Cell-based non-invasive prenatal testing for monogenic disorders: confirmation of unaffected fetuses following preimplantation genetic testing. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:1959-1970. [PMID: 33677749 PMCID: PMC8417213 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proof of concept of the use of cell-based non-invasive prenatal testing (cbNIPT) as an alternative to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M). METHOD PGT-M was performed by combined testing of short tandem repeat (STR) markers and direct mutation detection, followed by transfer of an unaffected embryo. Patients who opted for follow-up of PGT-M by CVS had blood sampled, from which potential fetal extravillous throphoblast cells were isolated. The cell origin and mutational status were determined by combined testing of STR markers and direct mutation detection using the same setup as during PGT. The cbNIPT results with respect to the mutational status were compared to those of genetic testing of the CVS. RESULTS Eight patients had blood collected between gestational weeks 10 and 13, from which 33 potential fetal cell samples were isolated. Twenty-seven out of 33 isolated cell samples were successfully tested (82%), of which 24 were of fetal origin (89%). This corresponds to a median of 2.5 successfully tested fetal cell samples per case (range 1-6). All fetal cell samples had a genetic profile identical to that of the transferred embryo confirming a pregnancy with an unaffected fetus, in accordance with the CVS results. CONCLUSION These findings show that although measures are needed to enhance the test success rate and the number of cells identified, cbNIPT is a promising alternative to CVS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N-20180001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Liebst Frisk Toft
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | - Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Fertility Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetic, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Richard Farlie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Sommer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | | | - Ann Nygaard Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Helle Mogensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kolding Regional Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Kristín Rós Kjartansdóttir
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Degn
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Okkels
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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14
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Paischer S, Buczek PA, Buczek N, Eilmsteiner D, Ernst A. Eigenmodes of a disordered FeCo magnonic crystal at finite temperatures. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:335804. [PMID: 34102617 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this report we present a systematic study of the magnonic modes in the disordered Fe0.5Co0.5alloy based on the Heisenberg Hamiltonian using two complementary approaches. In order to account for substitutional disorder, on the one hand we directly average the transverse magnetic susceptibility in real space over different disorder configurations and on the other hand we use the coherent potential approximation (CPA). While the method of direct averaging is numerically exact, it is computationally expensive and limited by the maximal size of the supercell which can be simulated on a computer. On the contrary the CPA does not suffer from this drawback and yields a cheap numerical scheme. Therefore, we additionally compare the results of these two approaches and show that the CPA gives very good results for most of the magnetic properties considered in this report, including the magnon energies and the spatial shape of the eigenmodes. However, it turns out that while reproducing the general trend, the CPA systematically underestimates the disorder induced damping of the magnons. This provides evidence that the physics of impurity scattering in this system is governed by non-local effects missing in the CPA. Finally, we study the real space eigenmodes of the system, including their spatial shapes, and analyze their temperature dependence within the random phase approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paischer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - P A Buczek
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Buczek
- Department of Applied Natural Sciences, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Mönkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Eilmsteiner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Maryenko D, Kawamura M, Ernst A, Dugaev VK, Sherman EY, Kriener M, Bahramy MS, Kozuka Y, Kawasaki M. Interplay of spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb interaction in ZnO-based electron system. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3180. [PMID: 34039969 PMCID: PMC8155003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is pivotal for various fundamental spin-dependent phenomena in solids and their technological applications. In semiconductors, these phenomena have been so far studied in relatively weak electron-electron interaction regimes, where the single electron picture holds. However, SOC can profoundly compete against Coulomb interaction, which could lead to the emergence of unconventional electronic phases. Since SOC depends on the electric field in the crystal including contributions of itinerant electrons, electron-electron interactions can modify this coupling. Here we demonstrate the emergence of the SOC effect in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system in a simple band structure MgZnO/ZnO semiconductor. This electron system also features strong electron-electron interaction effects. By changing the carrier density with Mg-content, we tune the SOC strength and achieve its interplay with electron-electron interaction. These systems pave a way to emergent spintronic phenomena in strong electron correlation regimes and to the formation of quasiparticles with the electron spin strongly coupled to the density.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maryenko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan.
| | - M Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - V K Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - E Ya Sherman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Kriener
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - M S Bahramy
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Y Kozuka
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Kawasaki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS), Wako, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Eremeev SV, Rusinov IP, Koroteev YM, Vyazovskaya AY, Hoffmann M, Echenique PM, Ernst A, Otrokov MM, Chulkov EV. Topological Magnetic Materials of the (MnSb 2Te 4)·(Sb 2Te 3) n van der Waals Compounds Family. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4268-4277. [PMID: 33908787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory, we propose the (MnSb2Te4)·(Sb2Te3)n family of stoichiometric van der Waals compounds that harbor multiple topologically nontrivial magnetic phases. In the ground state, the first three members of the family (n = 0, 1, 2) are 3D antiferromagnetic topological insulators, while for n ≥ 3 a special phase is formed, in which a nontrivial topological order coexists with a partial magnetic disorder in the system of the decoupled 2D ferromagnets, whose magnetizations point randomly along the third direction. Furthermore, due to a weak interlayer exchange coupling, these materials can be field-driven into the FM Weyl semimetal (n = 0) or FM axion insulator states (n ≥ 1). Finally, in two dimensions, we reveal these systems to show intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall and AFM axion insulator states, as well as quantum Hall state, achieved under external magnetic field. Our results demonstrate that MnSb2Te4 is not topologically trivial as was previously believed that opens possibilities of realization of a wealth of topologically nontrivial states in the (MnSb2Te4)·(Sb2Te3)n family.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Eremeev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021 Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - I P Rusinov
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu M Koroteev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021 Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Vyazovskaya
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Hoffmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - P M Echenique
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Ernst
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - M M Otrokov
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E V Chulkov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
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17
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Zakeri K, Hjelt A, Maznichenko IV, Buczek P, Ernst A. Nonlinear Decay of Quantum Confined Magnons in Itinerant Ferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:177203. [PMID: 33988456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.177203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confinement leads to the emergence of several magnon modes in ultrathin layered magnetic structures. We probe the lifetime of these quantum confined modes in a model system composed of three atomic layers of Co grown on different surfaces. We demonstrate that the quantum confined magnons exhibit nonlinear decay rates, which strongly depend on the mode number, in sharp contrast to what is assumed in the classical dynamics. Combining the experimental results with those of linear-response density-functional calculations we provide a quantitative explanation for this nonlinear damping effect. The results provide new insights into the decay mechanism of spin excitations in ultrathin films and multilayers and pave the way for tuning the dynamical properties of such structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh Zakeri
- Heisenberg Spin-Dynamics Group, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Hjelt
- Heisenberg Spin-Dynamics Group, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I V Maznichenko
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, D-20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Buczek
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, D-20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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18
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Eilmsteiner D, Wang XG, Chotorlishvili L, Paischer S, Hoffmann M, Buczek P, Ernst A. Asymmetry in the propagation of vortex domain wall artificial skyrmion composite system. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:185803. [PMID: 33711837 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abee39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the propagation of an artificial skyrmion coupled to the vortex domain wall (VDW). We discovered the following effect: depending on the propagation's direction, the dynamics of the coupled skyrmion VDW can be faster than the isolated VDW's velocity. The reason for such behavior is the structural distortion that occurs in the coupled system. We interpret the numerical results in terms of the modified Thiele's equation. In particular, increasing the Thiele's equation counteractive coefficient leads to the perfect fitting with the micromagnetic simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eilmsteiner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Xi-Guang Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - L Chotorlishvili
- Institute für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Paischer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - M Hoffmann
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - P Buczek
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
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19
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Reid MJA, Prado P, Brosnan H, Ernst A, Spindler H, Celentano J, Wall-Shui M, Sachdev D. Assessing Testing Strategies and Duration of Quarantine in Contact Tracing for SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study of San Francisco's COVID-19 Contact Tracing Program, June-August 2020. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab171. [PMID: 34316499 PMCID: PMC8083597 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess the proportion of elicited close contacts diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 at the start of and before exiting quarantine in San Francisco. From June 8 to August 31, 6946 contacts were identified: 3008 (46.3%) were tested, 940 (13.5%) tested positive, and 90% tested positive in the first 9 days of quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Reid
- Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - P Prado
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - H Brosnan
- Population Health Division, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - H Spindler
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J Celentano
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Wall-Shui
- Population Health Division, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D Sachdev
- Population Health Division, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Lund ICB, Petersen OB, Becher NH, Lildballe DL, Jørgensen FS, Ambye L, Skibsted L, Ernst A, Jensen AN, Fagerberg C, Brasch-Andersen C, Tabor A, Zingenberg HJ, Nørgaard P, Almind GJ, Vestergaard EM, Vogel I. National data on the early clinical use of non-invasive prenatal testing in public and private healthcare in Denmark 2013-2017. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:884-892. [PMID: 33230826 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Denmark, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been used since 2013. We aimed to evaluate the early clinical use of NIPT in Danish public and private healthcare settings before NIPT became an integrated part of the national guidelines on prenatal screening and diagnosis in 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS NIPT data were collected between March 2013 and June 2017 from national public registries and private providers. Results from follow-up samples (chorionic villi, amniotic fluid, postnatal blood or fetal tissue) were included from The Danish Cytogenetics Central Registry and indications and outcome from The Danish Fetal Medicine Database. RESULTS A total of 3936 NIPT results were included in the study from public hospitals (n = 3463, 88.0%) and private clinics (n = 473, 12.0%). The total number of prenatal tests was 19 713 during the study period: 20% were NIPT analyses (n = 3936) and 80% invasive procedures (n = 15 777). Twenty-five percent of NIPTs in the private clinics were performed before gestational week 11+0 , whereas NIPT in public settings was used only after combined first trimester screening (P < .001). Regardless of indication, the national public sensitivity was 96.9% (95% CI 82.0%-99.8%) for trisomy 21, 100% (95% CI 46.3%-100%) for trisomy 18, 100% (95% CI 5.5%-100%) for trisomy 13, and 87.0% (95% CI 74.5%-92.4%) for any fetal chromosomal aberration. Forty-seven true-positive NIPT results included cases of common aneuplodies (trisomy 21, n = 31; trisomy 18, n = 5; and trisomy 13, n = 1), sex chromosomal aberrations (n = 7) and atypical chromosomal aberrations (n = 3). One false-negative NIPT result occurred (trisomy 21). Of 47 cases, 21 (45%) cases with a true-positive NIPT result resulted in live births by choice; 11 of these children had Down and 4 had Edwards syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The total number of NIPT analyses was low compared with the number of invasive procedures in the implementation period. In contrast to the generally high termination rate after a positive result following invasive testing in Denmark, a high proportion of true-positive NIPT results from the public setting resulted in live births. NIPT may be an important risk-free alternative to invasive testing for a minority of women in the public setting who wish to use prenatal genetic testing for information only and not for reproductive decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida C B Lund
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav B Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Fetal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja H Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte L Lildballe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn S Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Hvidovre Hospital's NIPT Center, Fetal Medicine Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Louise Ambye
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Hvidovre Hospital's NIPT Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lillian Skibsted
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ann N Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Fagerberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ann Tabor
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Fetal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle J Zingenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pernille Nørgaard
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Else Marie Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Fahnøe U, Pedersen MS, Sølund C, Ernst A, Krarup HB, Røge BT, Christensen PB, Laursen AL, Gerstoft J, Thielsen P, Madsen LG, Pedersen AG, Schønning K, Weis N, Bukh J. Global evolutionary analysis of chronic hepatitis C patients revealed significant effect of baseline viral resistance, including novel non-target sites, for DAA-based treatment and retreatment outcome. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:302-316. [PMID: 33131178 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have proven highly effective against chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, some patients experience treatment failure, associated with resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). Our aim was to investigate the complete viral coding sequence in hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs to identify RASs and the effects of treatment on the viral population. We selected 22 HCV patients with sustained virologic response (SVR) to match 21 treatment-failure patients in relation to HCV genotype, DAA regimen, liver cirrhosis and previous treatment experience. Viral-titre data were compared between the two patient groups, and HCV full-length open reading frame deep-sequencing was performed. The proportion of HCV NS5A-RASs at baseline was higher in treatment-failure (82%) than matched SVR patients (25%) (p = .0063). Also, treatment failure was associated with slower declines in viraemia titres. Viral population diversity did not differ at baseline between SVR and treatment-failure patients, but failure was associated with decreased diversity probably caused by selection for RAS. The NS5B-substitution 150V was associated with sofosbuvir treatment failure in genotype 3a. Further, mutations identified in NS2, NS3-helicase and NS5A-domain-III were associated with DAA treatment failure in genotype 1a patients. Six retreated HCV patients (35%) experienced 2nd treatment failure; RASs were present in 67% compared to 11% with SVR. In conclusion, baseline RASs to NS5A inhibitors, but not virus population diversity, and lower viral titre decline predicted HCV treatment failure. Mutations outside of the DAA targets can be associated with DAA treatment failure. Successful DAA retreatment in patients with treatment failure was hampered by previously selected RASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Fahnøe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin S Pedersen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christina Sølund
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik B Krarup
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgit T Røge
- Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Peer B Christensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alex L Laursen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Thielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lone G Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Anders G Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Schønning
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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22
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Wang XG, Chotorlishvili L, Arnold N, Dugaev VK, Maznichenko I, Barnaś J, Buczek PA, Parkin SSP, Ernst A. Plasmonic Skyrmion Lattice Based on the Magnetoelectric Effect. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:227201. [PMID: 33315433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The physical mechanism of the plasmonic skyrmion lattice formation in a magnetic layer deposited on a metallic substrate is studied theoretically. The optical lattice is the essence of the standing interference pattern of the surface plasmon polaritons created through coherent or incoherent laser sources. The nodal points of the interference pattern play the role of lattice sites where skyrmions are confined. The confinement appears as a result of the magnetoelectric effect and the electric field associated with the plasmon waves. The proposed model is applicable to yttrium iron garnet and single-phase multiferroics and combines plasmonics and skyrmionics.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-G Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - L Chotorlishvili
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - N Arnold
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - V K Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - I Maznichenko
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - J Barnaś
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznańn, Poland
| | - P A Buczek
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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23
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Herlin MK, Le VQ, Højland AT, Ernst A, Okkels H, Petersen AC, Petersen MB, Pedersen IS. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a GREB1L variant in a three-generation family with Müllerian and renal agenesis: a novel candidate gene in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. A case report. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1838-1846. [PMID: 31424080 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, characterized by uterovaginal agenesis in 46,XX women, remains poorly understood. Since familial occurrences are rare, genetic findings reported so far only apply to a minority of mainly sporadic cases and most studies have not included other family members enabling segregation analysis. Herein, we report on the investigation of a unique three-generation family of two female cousins with MRKH syndrome and unilateral renal agenesis (RA) and two deceased male relatives with RA. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in eight family members leading to the identification of a novel pathogenic (CADD = 33) c.705G>T missense variant in GREB1L, a gene recently identified as a novel cause of RA. Previous reports include several cases of female fetuses with bilateral RA and uterus agenesis, which support GREB1L as an important gene in both kidney and female genital tract development. The pedigree is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance following a parent-origin-specific manner, which could be due to imprinting. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of a larger MRKH syndrome pedigree using WES, and we suggest GREB1L as a novel and promising candidate gene in the aetiology of MRKH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten K Herlin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, bygning E, 5. Sal, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Vang Q Le
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan T Højland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, bygning E, 5. Sal, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Okkels
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Astrid C Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 3, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, bygning E, 5. Sal, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge S Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactose intolerance (LI) may be considered in patients with unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, but there is no clear consensus on when and how to diagnose the disorder. The LCT-13910 CC genotype is associated with acquired primary lactase deficiency (adult-type hypolactasia; ATH). We aimed to describe the number of tests and test results in the North Denmark Region considering patient age, geographical origin and repeated testing. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction-based LCT-13910 genotype tests registered in the clinical laboratory information system (LABKA II) with data linkage to Danish nationwide registers. RESULTS Between 18 May 2007 and 31 December 2018, a total of 23,560 individuals were tested. There was a sevenfold increase in the number of tests performed during the study period. About 9.8% of the tests performed in 2018 were repeated testing in the same individuals. Overall, 8.8% of tested individuals were younger than 5 years, 90.7% were of Danish origin and 5.5% originated from outside of Europe. The LCT-13910 CC genotype was identified in 13.3% of all tested individuals, in 16.0% of children younger than 5 years, in 6.8% of Danish individuals and in 90.9% originating from outside of Europe. CONCLUSIONS In the North Denmark Region, a marked increase in the use of genetic testing for hypolactasia was observed and repeated testing was frequent. Furthermore, the use of the test and the test results were dependent on patient age and geographical origin. Results inform the debate on when and how to use genetic testing in the diagnosing of LI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Mørk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Linding Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkeboe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bygum Krarup
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Kjersgaard C, Arendt L, Ernst A, Lindhard M, Olsen J, Henriksen T, Strandberg-Larsen K, Ramlau-Hansen C. Maternal lifestyle in pregnancy and hypospadias: A study within two large Danish birth cohorts. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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26
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Wang Z, Vergniory MG, Kushwaha S, Hirschberger M, Chulkov EV, Ernst A, Ong NP, Cava RJ, Bernevig BA. Publisher's Note: Time-Reversal-Breaking Weyl Fermions in Magnetic Heusler Alloys [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 236401 (2016)]. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:239901. [PMID: 32603160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.239901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.236401.
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27
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Toft CLF, Ingerslev HJ, Kesmodel US, Diemer T, Degn B, Ernst A, Okkels H, Kjartansdóttir KR, Pedersen IS. A systematic review on concurrent aneuploidy screening and preimplantation genetic testing for hereditary disorders: What is the prevalence of aneuploidy and is there a clinical effect from aneuploidy screening? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:696-706. [PMID: 32039470 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In assisted reproductive technology, aneuploidy is considered a primary cause of failed embryo implantation. This has led to the implementation of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in some clinics. The prevalence of aneuploidy and the use of aneuploidy screening during preimplantation genetic testing for inherited disorders has not previously been reviewed. Here, we systematically review the literature to investigate the prevalence of aneuploidy in blastocysts derived from patients carrying or affected by an inherited disorder, and whether screening for aneuploidy improves clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for articles describing preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders and/or structural rearrangements in combination with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Original articles reporting aneuploidy rates at the blastocyst stage and/or clinical outcomes (positive human chorionic gonadotropin, gestational sacs/implantation rate, fetal heartbeat/clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, or live birth/delivery rate on a per transfer basis) were included. Case studies were excluded. RESULTS Of the 26 identified studies, none were randomized controlled trials, three were historical cohort studies with a reference group not receiving aneuploidy screening, and the remaining were case series. In weighted analysis, 34.1% of 7749 blastocysts were aneuploid. Screening for aneuploidy reduced the proportion of embryos suitable for transfer, thereby increasing the risk of experiencing a cycle without transferable embryos. In pooled analysis the percentage of embryos suitable for transfer was reduced from 57.5% to 37.2% following screening for aneuploidy. Among historical cohort studies, one reported significantly improved pregnancy and birth rates but did not control for confounding, one did not report any statistically significant difference between groups, and one properly designed study concluded that preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy enhanced the chance of achieving a pregnancy while simultaneously reducing the chance of miscarriage following single embryo transfer. CONCLUSIONS On average, aneuploidy is detected in 34% of embryos when performing a single blastocyst biopsy derived from patients carrying or affected by an inherited disorder. Accordingly, when screening for aneuploidy, the risk of experiencing a cycle with no transferable embryos increases. Current available data on the clinical effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy performed concurrently with preimplantation genetic testing for inherited disorders are sparse, rendering the clinical effect from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Liebst Frisk Toft
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Fertility Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tue Diemer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birte Degn
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Okkels
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Berthold F, Faldum A, Ernst A, Boos J, Dilloo D, Eggert A, Fischer M, Frühwald M, Henze G, Klingebiel T, Kratz C, Kremens B, Krug B, Leuschner I, Schmidt M, Schmidt R, Schumacher-Kuckelkorn R, von Schweinitz D, Schilling FH, Theissen J, Volland R, Hero B, Simon T. Extended induction chemotherapy does not improve the outcome for high-risk neuroblastoma patients: results of the randomized open-label GPOH trial NB2004-HR. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:422-429. [PMID: 32067684 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term survival of high-risk neuroblastoma patients is still below 50% despite intensive multimodal treatment. This trial aimed to address whether the addition of two topotecan-containing chemotherapy courses compared to standard induction therapy improves event-free survival (EFS) of these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS An open-label, multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out at 58 hospitals in Germany and Switzerland. Patients aged 1-21 years with stage 4 neuroblastoma and patients aged 6 months to 21 years with MYCN-amplified tumors were eligible. The primary endpoint was EFS. Patients were randomly assigned to standard induction therapy with six chemotherapy courses or to experimental induction chemotherapy starting with two additional courses of topotecan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide followed by standard induction chemotherapy (eight courses in total). After induction chemotherapy, all patients received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue and isotretinoin for consolidation. Radiotherapy was applied to patients with active tumors at the end of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS Of 536 patients enrolled in the trial, 422 were randomly assigned to the control arm (n = 211) and the experimental arm (n = 211); the median follow-up time was 3.32 years (interquartile range 1.65-5.92). At data lock, the 3-year EFS of experimental and control patients was 34% and 32% [95% confidence Interval (CI) 28% to 40% and 26% to 38%; P = 0.258], respectively. Similarly, the 3-year overall survival of the patients did not differ [54% and 48% (95% CI 46% to 62% and 40% to 56%), respectively; P = 0.558]. The response to induction chemotherapy was not different between the arms. The median number of non-fatal toxicities per patient was higher in the experimental group while the median number of toxicities per chemotherapy course was not different. CONCLUSION While the burden for the patients was increased by prolonging the induction chemotherapy and the toxicity, the addition of two topotecan-containing chemotherapy courses did not improve the EFS of high-risk neuroblastoma patients and thus cannot be recommended. CLINICAL TRIALS. GOV NUMBER NCT number 03042429.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berthold
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - A Faldum
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Boos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Dilloo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Frühwald
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - G Henze
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Klingebiel
- Department of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt (Main), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medicinal University, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kremens
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Krug
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Leuschner
- Children's Tumor Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - D von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F H Schilling
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Olgahospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Theissen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Volland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Hero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Simon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Qin HJ, Tsurkan S, Ernst A, Zakeri K. Experimental Realization of Atomic-Scale Magnonic Crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:257202. [PMID: 31922781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.257202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new approach of materials design for terahertz magnonics making use of quantum confinement of terahertz magnons in layered ferromagnets. We show that in atomically designed multilayers composed of alternating atomic layers of ferromagnetic metals one can efficiently excite different magnon modes associated with the quantum confinement in the third dimension, i.e., the direction perpendicular to the layers. We demonstrate experimentally that the magnonic band structure of these systems can be tuned by changing the material combination and the number of atomic layers. We realize the idea of opening band gaps, with a size of up to several tens of millielectronvolts, between different terahertz magnon bands and thereby report on the first step toward the realization of atomic-scale magnonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Qin
- Heisenberg Spin-dynamics Group, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - S Tsurkan
- Heisenberg Spin-dynamics Group, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kh Zakeri
- Heisenberg Spin-dynamics Group, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ernst
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.
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31
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Ali A, Amaryan M, Anassontzis EG, Austregesilo A, Baalouch M, Barbosa F, Barlow J, Barnes A, Barriga E, Beattie TD, Berdnikov VV, Black T, Boeglin W, Boer M, Briscoe WJ, Britton T, Brooks WK, Cannon BE, Cao N, Chudakov E, Cole S, Cortes O, Crede V, Dalton MM, Daniels T, Deur A, Dobbs S, Dolgolenko A, Dotel R, Dugger M, Dzhygadlo R, Egiyan H, Ernst A, Eugenio P, Fanelli C, Fegan S, Foda AM, Foote J, Frye J, Furletov S, Gan L, Gasparian A, Gauzshtein V, Gevorgyan N, Gleason C, Goetzen K, Goncalves A, Goryachev VS, Guo L, Hakobyan H, Hamdi A, Han S, Hardin J, Huber GM, Hurley A, Ireland DG, Ito MM, Jarvis NS, Jones RT, Kakoyan V, Kalicy G, Kamel M, Kourkoumelis C, Kuleshov S, Kuznetsov I, Larin I, Lawrence D, Lersch DI, Li H, Li W, Liu B, Livingston K, Lolos GJ, Lyubovitskij V, Mack D, Marukyan H, Matveev V, McCaughan M, McCracken M, McGinley W, McIntyre J, Meyer CA, Miskimen R, Mitchell RE, Mokaya F, Nerling F, Ng L, Ostrovidov AI, Papandreou Z, Patsyuk M, Pauli P, Pedroni R, Pentchev L, Peters KJ, Phelps W, Pooser E, Qin N, Reinhold J, Ritchie BG, Robison L, Romanov D, Romero C, Salgado C, Schertz AM, Schumacher RA, Schwiening J, Seth KK, Shen X, Shepherd MR, Smith ES, Sober DI, Somov A, Somov S, Soto O, Stevens JR, Strakovsky II, Suresh K, Tarasov V, Taylor S, Teymurazyan A, Thiel A, Vasileiadis G, Werthmüller D, Whitlatch T, Wickramaarachchi N, Williams M, Xiao T, Yang Y, Zarling J, Zhang Z, Zhao G, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zihlmann B. First Measurement of Near-Threshold J/ψ Exclusive Photoproduction off the Proton. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:072001. [PMID: 31491124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the measurement of the γp→J/ψp cross section from E_{γ}=11.8 GeV down to the threshold at 8.2 GeV using a tagged photon beam with the GlueX experiment. We find that the total cross section falls toward the threshold less steeply than expected from two-gluon exchange models. The differential cross section dσ/dt has an exponential slope of 1.67±0.39 GeV^{-2} at 10.7 GeV average energy. The LHCb pentaquark candidates P_{c}^{+} can be produced in the s channel of this reaction. We see no evidence for them and set model-dependent upper limits on their branching fractions B(P_{c}^{+}→J/ψp) and cross sections σ(γp→P_{c}^{+})×B(P_{c}^{+}→J/ψp).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ali
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - E G Anassontzis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - A Austregesilo
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Baalouch
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - F Barbosa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Barlow
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A Barnes
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Barriga
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - T D Beattie
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - V V Berdnikov
- National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Black
- University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Boer
- The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - T Britton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - B E Cannon
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - N Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - E Chudakov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Cole
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - O Cortes
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - V Crede
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Daniels
- University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Dobbs
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A Dolgolenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - R Dotel
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Dugger
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - R Dzhygadlo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Ernst
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - C Fanelli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Fegan
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - A M Foda
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - J Foote
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Frye
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - S Furletov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Gan
- University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - A Gasparian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - V Gauzshtein
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - N Gevorgyan
- A.I. Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - C Gleason
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Goetzen
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Goncalves
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - V S Goryachev
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - L Guo
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - A Hamdi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Han
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - J Hardin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - A Hurley
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M M Ito
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N S Jarvis
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - R T Jones
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - V Kakoyan
- A.I. Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G Kalicy
- The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - M Kamel
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - C Kourkoumelis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - S Kuleshov
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - I Kuznetsov
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - I Larin
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D Lawrence
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D I Lersch
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - H Li
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - W Li
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - B Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G J Lolos
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - V Lyubovitskij
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Marukyan
- A.I. Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - V Matveev
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - M McCaughan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M McCracken
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - W McGinley
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J McIntyre
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C A Meyer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - R E Mitchell
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - F Mokaya
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - F Nerling
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Ng
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Z Papandreou
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - M Patsyuk
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Pauli
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Pedroni
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - L Pentchev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K J Peters
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Phelps
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - E Pooser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Qin
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - B G Ritchie
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - L Robison
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - C Romero
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A M Schertz
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Schwiening
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K K Seth
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - X Shen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - M R Shepherd
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E S Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D I Sober
- The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - A Somov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Somov
- National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - O Soto
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J R Stevens
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - K Suresh
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - V Tarasov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - S Taylor
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Teymurazyan
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - A Thiel
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Vasileiadis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - D Werthmüller
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Whitlatch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Xiao
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zarling
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zihlmann
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
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Häußler SM, Knopke S, Dudka S, Gräbel S, Ketterer MC, Battmer RD, Ernst A, Olze H. Verbesserung von Tinnitusdistress, Lebensqualität und psychologischen Komorbiditäten durch Cochleaimplantation einseitig ertaubter Patienten. HNO 2019; 67:863-873. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buur LE, Laurberg VR, Ernst A, Arendt LH, Nybo Andersen AM, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Oral contraceptive use and genital anomalies in sons. A Danish cohort study. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:67-73. [PMID: 31299209 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to exogenous sex hormones with estrogenic or anti-androgen properties may influence intrauterine development of male genitals. This population-based cohort study based on data from 44,408 live-born singleton sons in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) aimed to investigate whether maternal use of oral contraceptives prior to or during early pregnancy increase the risk of cryptorchidism or hypospadias. We found no consistent association between use of oral contraceptives and cryptorchidism or hypospadias, neither in those exposed any time four months prior to conception [cryptorchidism: adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91; 1.23), hypospadias: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.03)] nor in those exposed any time during the first trimester of pregnancy [cryptorchidism: aOR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.62), hypospadias: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.32; 3.23)]. Despite relatively strong exposure levels from oral contraceptive use in pregnancy, this study revealed no evidence of an increased risk of either two genital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Buur
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - V R Laurberg
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L H Arendt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A-M Nybo Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sørensen S, Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Maternal age at menarche and pubertal development in sons and daughters: a Nationwide Cohort Study. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:2043-2050. [PMID: 30312405 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is maternal age at menarche associated with pubertal development in sons and daughters? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal age at menarche was associated with pubertal development in both sons and daughters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies have shown that age at menarche is greatly inherited from mother to daughter, but it remains largely unknown to what extent age at menarche in mothers is associated with timing of puberty in sons. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this population-based study we used data from the Puberty Cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Live-born singletons aged 11 were followed from 2012 to 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In total, 15 822 children (7697 sons and 8125 daughters) gave half-yearly information on puberty from the age of 11 years until full sexual maturity or 18 years of age through self-administrated questionnaires (participation rate 71%). Information on maternal age at menarche was reported by the mothers during pregnancy. Maternal age at menarche was used both as a continuous and as a categorical variable (earlier, same time or later than peers). A multivariable regression model for interval-censored data was used. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Maternal age at menarche was positively associated with timing of genital development, pubic hair development, first ejaculation of semen, voice break, axillary hair development and acne in sons, and with timing of breast development, pubic hair development, menarche, axillary hair development and acne in daughters. In sons, the associations were of similar strength for all pubertal markers, whereas in daughters, the associations were strongest for breast development and menarche. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Age at menarche was recalled during pregnancy. However, studies indicate that age at menarche is recalled moderately in adulthood. Information on puberty was self-reported, but inaccuracy of data would probably cause non-differential misclassification. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Early maternal age at menarche was associated with earlier pubertal development, and late maternal age at menarche was associated with later pubertal development in both sons and daughters. The largest effect-estimates were for the associations between maternal age at menarche and the daughters' age at menarche and age at breast development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research (4183-00152). There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTERATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L L B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Holmqvist V, Roos LKS, Kjartansdottir KR, Dunø M, Petersen MR, Hnida C, Pedersen IS, Ernst A, Toft CLF, Diemer T, Ingerslev HJ, Pinborg A, Løssl K. [Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy]. Ugeskr Laeger 2019; 181:V12180849. [PMID: 31124451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises the current knowledge on preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Selection and transfer of euploid embryos aim to improve live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transfer, but fluorescence in situ hybridisation-based PGT-A and biopsy of cleavage stage embryos in the 2000s was a disappointment, as studies revealed a reduced LBR. Today, PGT-A includes comprehensive chromosome screening primarily of blastocyst biopsies. The benefit of PGT-A is highly debated: some suggest improved treatment outcome, while others claim, that the procedure is not cost-effective.
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Lim R, Sugino T, Nolte H, Andrade J, Zimmermann B, Shi C, Doddaballapur A, Ong YT, Wilhelm K, Fasse JWD, Ernst A, Kaulich M, Husnjak K, Boettger T, Guenther S, Braun T, Krüger M, Benedito R, Dikic I, Potente M. Deubiquitinase USP10 regulates Notch signaling in the endothelium. Science 2019; 364:188-193. [PMID: 30975888 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is a core patterning module for vascular morphogenesis that codetermines the sprouting behavior of endothelial cells (ECs). Tight quantitative and temporal control of Notch activity is essential for vascular development, yet the details of Notch regulation in ECs are incompletely understood. We found that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) interacted with the NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD1) to slow the ubiquitin-dependent turnover of this short-lived form of the activated NOTCH1 receptor. Accordingly, inactivation of USP10 reduced NICD1 abundance and stability and diminished Notch-induced target gene expression in ECs. In mice, the loss of endothelial Usp10 increased vessel sprouting and partially restored the patterning defects caused by ectopic expression of NICD1. Thus, USP10 functions as an NICD1 deubiquitinase that fine-tunes endothelial Notch responses during angiogenic sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lim
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - T Sugino
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - H Nolte
- Institute for Genetics and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - J Andrade
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - B Zimmermann
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - C Shi
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A Doddaballapur
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Y T Ong
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - K Wilhelm
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J W D Fasse
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Husnjak
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Boettger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - T Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Genetics and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - R Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, D-13347 Berlin, Germany.,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Brix N, Arah OA, Olsen J, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Parental time to pregnancy, medically assisted reproduction and pubertal development in boys and girls. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:724-732. [PMID: 30753468 PMCID: PMC6443115 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does parental fertility, measured by time to pregnancy (TTP), or use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) affect pubertal development in the offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Neither TTP nor type of MAR treatment had clinically relevant implications for mean age at achieving individual pubertal milestones or overall timing of puberty in boys and girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Parental TTP and MAR have been associated with impaired semen quality in adult sons. Timing of puberty reflects earlier signals of reproductive health, but it remains unclear whether parental fertility or MAR affects pubertal development, especially in the growing generation of children conceived by IVF or ICSI. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this study, 15 819 children born by mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 2000 to 2003 participated in a nationwide puberty cohort (participation rate = 70%). Parental TTP and use of MAR were reported by mothers in early pregnancy and children’s pubertal development data was self-recorded in web-based questionnaires from 11 years of age and 6 monthly throughout puberty (2012–2018). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Pubertal development in children (of planned pregnancies, n = 13 285) born by untreated subfecund (TTP: 6–12 months) (n =2038), untreated severely subfeund (TTP: >12 months) (n = 1242), treated subfecund (n = 230) and treated severely subfecund (n = 1234) parents were compared to children born to more fertile parents (TTP: ≤5 months). We estimated mean monthly differences in mean age at achieving individual pubertal milestones (i.e. age at menarche, voice break, first ejaculation and Tanner stages 2, 3, 4 and 5 for breast or genital development and pubic hair growth) and a combined indicator of timing of puberty. Further, we compared mean age at achieving the individual pubertal milestones in children born by use of IVF or ICSI (n = 480) with children born by controlled ovarian stimulation or ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination (n = 902). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found tendencies towards slightly later mean age at male pubertal timing and slightly earlier mean age at female pubertal timing among children born by untreated subfecund, treated subfecund, untreated severely subfecund and treated severely subfecund parents. There were no specific patterns with increasing TTP, use of MAR nor type of MAR treatment, and the magnitude of the mean differences for individual milestones and overall timing of puberty were small, i.e. 0.9 months (95% CI: −1.0; 2.8) for first ejaculation and −0.5 months (95% CI: −2.0; 1.0) months for age at menarche in boys and girls, respectively, born by treated severely subfecund parents when compared with children born by more fertile parents. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Non-differential misclassification of the self-reported information on parental TTP and pubertal development in the offspring may serve as an alternative explanation of the findings, possibly biasing the estimates towards the null. The information on pubertal development was collected from around 11 years of age and onwards. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting only limited harmful effects of parental subfecundity and MAR on offspring’s long-term growth and development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF 4183-00152]; and the Faculty of Health at Aarhus University. The authors have no financial relationships or competing interests to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L L B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California Center for Population Research, UCLA, 337 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA, 337 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Urology, Section for Paediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Otrokov MM, Rusinov IP, Blanco-Rey M, Hoffmann M, Vyazovskaya AY, Eremeev SV, Ernst A, Echenique PM, Arnau A, Chulkov EV. Unique Thickness-Dependent Properties of the van der Waals Interlayer Antiferromagnet MnBi_{2}Te_{4} Films. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:107202. [PMID: 30932645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory and Monte Carlo calculations, we study the thickness dependence of the magnetic and electronic properties of a van der Waals interlayer antiferromagnet in the two-dimensional limit. Considering MnBi_{2}Te_{4} as a model material, we find it to demonstrate a remarkable set of thickness-dependent magnetic and topological transitions. While a single septuple layer block of MnBi_{2}Te_{4} is a topologically trivial ferromagnet, the thicker films made of an odd (even) number of blocks are uncompensated (compensated) interlayer antiferromagnets, which show wide band gap quantum anomalous Hall (zero plateau quantum anomalous Hall) states. Thus, MnBi_{2}Te_{4} is the first stoichiometric material predicted to realize the zero plateau quantum anomalous Hall state intrinsically. This state has been theoretically shown to host the exotic axion insulator phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Otrokov
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - I P Rusinov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - M Blanco-Rey
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Hoffmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - A Yu Vyazovskaya
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - S V Eremeev
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634021 Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Ernst
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A 4040 Linz, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - P M Echenique
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Arnau
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - E V Chulkov
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
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Ostanin S, Borisov V, Fedorov DV, Salamatov EI, Ernst A, Mertig I. Role of tetrahedrally coordinated dopants in palladium hydrides on their superconductivity and inverse isotope effect. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:075703. [PMID: 30523986 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf5b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of hydrogen by palladium causes PdH to become superconducting below [Formula: see text]. Due to the presence of one octapore and two tetrapores per each Pd atom, it is believed that [Formula: see text] of PdH[Formula: see text] should increase further. Here, using ab initio calculation we show that (i) H placed in tetrapores of PdH[Formula: see text] induces a wide optical gap in the phonon density of states, which significantly reduces the electron-phonon coupling, and that (ii) the energetically preferable octapores filled by H enable the 9 K superconductivity only. This scenario may close a long-standing problem of the high-[Formula: see text] palladium hydrides. Moreover, simulating the pore population by H and D, within ab initio molecular dynamics, we are able to explain the inverse isotope effect in the framework of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ostanin
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany. Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the internal auditory canal (IAC) and cochlea is of central importance in neurotology. The artefacts and visibility of active auditory implants on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vary because of their specific magnetic components. Knowledge of the size of MRI artefacts and the options for handling them is important for the auditory rehabilitation of specific diseases (e. g., vestibular schwannoma). METHODS The current article is a literature review. RESULTS MRI assessment of the IAC and cochlea after surgical placement of an active auditory implant is feasible only with a percutaneous bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA, Ponto). When specific factors (implant position and MRI sequence) are taken into consideration, these structures can be visualized even after cochlear implantation. Complications such as magnet dislocation and pain may occur. CONCLUSION The possibility of assessing the IAC and cochlea by MRI is an important aspect that needs to be taken into consideration when planning the auditory rehabilitation of patients after acoustic neuroma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Todt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Germany.
| | - G Rademacher
- Department of Radiology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Mittmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Mutze
- Department of Radiology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Germany
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Faurschou I, Ernst A, Zhao J, Liao D, Olsen LH. The biomechanical properties of the urethra in boys with hypospadias: a preliminary study. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:62.e1-62.e7. [PMID: 30482497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ventral aspect of the penis in boys with hypospadias is composed of dysplastic tissue of the skin and the urethra. The aim of this study was to assess the pre-operative size and biomechanical properties of urethrae in boys with and without hypospadias using a more objective catheter-based system. MATERIALS & METHODS In this non-blinded clinical observation study, the study population consisted of 19 boys with hypospadias-the case group (median age 13.9 months [range: 12.2-21.3])-and seven boys without hypospadias-the control group (median age 8.5 months [range: 3.8-18.1]). Modified measurements of impedance were used to assess the size, compliance and viscoelasticity of the urethrae under stepwise increased pressures (between 0, 40 and 60 cmH2O) using a customised Endolumenal Functional Lumen Imaging probe (EndoFLIP®). RESULTS The sizes of the urethrae in boys with hypospadias are variable but tend towards being narrower and less compliant than those of the control subjects i.e. median diameter for meatus urethra was 3.2 mm (range: 2.98-3.92) in the hypospadias group compared with 3.64 (range: 3.22-4.44) in the control group at 40 cmH2O, and the median change in diameter at meatus urethra was 0.08 mm (range: -0.02 to 0.52) in the hypospadias group compared with 0.23 mm (range: -0.02 to 0.34) when the pressure was increased from 40 to 60 cmH2O. This biomechanical analysis found that there was no significant viscoelasticity of the urethral meatus in both the groups, whereas the remainder of the urethral structure generally had viscoelastic properties in the control group, seen as a creep on the time/diameter curves (Figure). In the group of boys with hypospadias, evaluations of the urethrae revealed varying viscoelastic abilities, ranging from abilities that were comparable with those of the control subjects to no sign of viscoelasticity at all. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to measure the biomechanical properties of the urethra in children, which might help to provide an understanding as to the structural and functional changes associated with hypospadias. The urethrae in the subjects with hypospadias were variable in diameter but tended to be narrower overall, especially in the distal portion of the urethra. Furthermore, the urethrae in boys with hypospadias were frequently less viscoelastic than those of controls. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The EndoFLIP® system may be a future way of objectively estimating the severity of a urethral obstruction and could potentially be included in the postoperative assessment of patients with signs of hampered voiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Faurschou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Urology, Section of Paediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - A Ernst
- Department of Urology, Section of Paediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2 - Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Zhao
- Giome Academia, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - D Liao
- Giome Academia, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Urology, Section of Paediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Brix N, Jensen JM, Pedersen IS, Ernst A, Frost S, Bogaard P, Petersen MB, Bender L. Mitochondrial Disease Caused by a Novel Homozygous Mutation (Gly106del) in the SCO1 Gene. Neonatology 2019; 116:290-294. [PMID: 31352446 DOI: 10.1159/000499488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome C oxidase assembly protein SCO1 gene encodes a mitochondrial protein essential for the mammalian energy metabolism. Only three pedigrees of SCO1mutations have thus far been reported. They all presented with lactate acidosis and encephalopathy. Two had hepatopathy and hypotonia, and the other presented with intrauterine growth retardation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy leading to cardiac failure. Mitochondrial disease may manifest in neonates, but early diagnosis has so far been difficult. Here, we present a novel mutation in the SCO1 gene: in-frame deletion (Gly106del)with a different phenotype without encephalopathy, hepatopathy, hypotonia, or cardiac involvement. Within the first 2 h the girl developed hypoglycemia and severe chronic lactate acidosis. Because of the improved technique in whole exome sequencing, an early diagnosis was made when the girl was only 9 days old, which enabled the prediction of prognosis as well as level of treatment. She died at 1 month of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Brix
- Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,
| | | | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostic, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Section of Molecular Diagnostic, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Frost
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Section of Molecular Diagnostic, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pauline Bogaard
- Pathological Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Sølund C, Hallager S, Pedersen MS, Fahnøe U, Ernst A, Krarup HB, Røge BT, Christensen PB, Laursen AL, Gerstoft J, Bélard E, Madsen LG, Schønning K, Pedersen AG, Bukh J, Weis N. Direct acting antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Denmark: factors associated with and barriers to treatment initiation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:849-856. [PMID: 29720023 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1467963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe factors associated with and barriers to initiation of Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C, who fulfill national fibrosis treatment guidelines in Denmark. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this nationwide cohort study, we included patients with chronic hepatitis C from The Danish Database for Hepatitis B and C (DANHEP) who fulfilled fibrosis treatment criteria. Factors associated with treatment initiation and treatment failure were determined by logistic regression analyses. Medical records were reviewed from patients who fulfilled fibrosis treatment criteria, but did not initiate DAA treatment to determine the cause. RESULTS In 344 (49%) of 700 patients, who fulfilled treatment criteria, factors associated with DAA treatment initiation were transmission by other routes than injecting drug use odds ratio (OR) 2.13 (CI: 1.38-3.28), previous treatment failure OR 2.58 (CI: 1.84-3.61) and ALT above upper limit of normal OR 1.60 (CI: 1.18-2.17). The most frequent reasons for not starting treatment among 356 (51%) patients were non-adherence to medical appointments (n = 107/30%) and ongoing substance use (n = 61/17%). Treatment failure with viral relapse occurred in 19 (5.5%) patients, who were more likely to have failed previous treatment OR 4.53 (CI: 1.59-12.91). CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide cohort study, we found non-adherence to medical appointments and active substance use to be major obstacles for DAA treatment initiation. Our findings highlight the need for interventions that can overcome these barriers and increase the number of patients who can initiate and benefit from curative DAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sølund
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,b Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Sofie Hallager
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Martin S Pedersen
- b Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,c Department of Clinical Microbiology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,d Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- b Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- e Department of Molecular Diagnostics , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Henrik B Krarup
- e Department of Molecular Diagnostics , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark.,f Department of Medical Gastroenterology , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Birgit T Røge
- g Department of Medicine , Lillebaelt Hospital , Kolding , Denmark
| | - Peer B Christensen
- h Department of Infectious Diseases , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark.,i Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Alex L Laursen
- j Department of Infectious Diseases , Aarhus University Hospital , Skejby , Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- k Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,l Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Erika Bélard
- m Department of Gastroenterology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark
| | - Lone G Madsen
- l Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,n Department of Medical Gastroenterology , Zealand University Hospital , Køge , Denmark
| | - Kristian Schønning
- c Department of Clinical Microbiology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,l Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders G Pedersen
- o DTU Bioinformatics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jens Bukh
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,b Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,l Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Scholten M, Suárez I, Platten M, Kümmerle T, Jung N, Wyen C, Ernst A, Horn C, Burst V, Suárez V, Rybniker J, Fätkenheuer G, Lehmann C. To prescribe, or not to prescribe: decision making in HIV-1 post-exposure prophylaxis. HIV Med 2018; 19:645-653. [PMID: 29993176 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the trend in usage of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after HIV-1 risk exposure and evaluated PEP prescription decision making of physicians according to guidelines. METHODS All PEP consultations from January 2014 to December 2016 in patients presenting at the University Hospital of Cologne (Germany) were retrospectively analysed. HIV risk contacts included sexual and occupational exposure. The European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines for HIV PEP (version 9.0, 2017) were used for assessment. RESULTS A total of 649 patients presented at the emergency department (ED) or the clinic for infectious diseases (IDC) for PEP consultations. A continuous increase in the number of PEP requests was recorded: 189 in 2014, 208 in 2015 and 252 in 2016. PEP consultations in men who have sex with men (MSM) showed a remarkable increase in 2016 (2014, n = 96; 2015, n = 101; 2016, n = 152). Decisions taken by physicians with a specialization in infectious diseases (n = 547) included 61 (11%) guideline-discordant prescriptions [2014: 14% (n = 22); 2015: 9% (n = 16); 2016: 11% (n = 23)]. Among these, sexual exposure accounted for 45 (74%) cases, including 15 cases of nonconsensual sex, while occupational exposure accounted for 14 (23%) cases and other exposure two cases (3%). The main reason for guideline-discordant PEP prescriptions was emotional stress of the patient (n = 37/61). CONCLUSIONS PEP prescriptions are increasing and decision making is influenced by patients' emotional stress, but PEP prescriptions should be strictly administered according to risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scholten
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Suárez
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Platten
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Kümmerle
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Practice Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Jung
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Wyen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Practice Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Horn
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - V Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - V Suárez
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Øvrehus ALH, Krarup H, Birkemose I, Holm DK, Mössner B, Ernst A, Christensen PB. Four weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and ribavirin with or without pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis C in non-cirrhotic people who inject drugs. A randomized trial. J Hepatol 2018; 68:840-842. [PMID: 29223370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne L H Øvrehus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Krarup
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Inge Birkemose
- Odense Drug Treatment Center, Odense Municipality, Denmark
| | - Dorte K Holm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Belinda Mössner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A noise trauma induces central nervous system pathologies, which generate deficits in hearing and perception of sound. OBJECTIVE Are degenerative mechanisms in the central auditory system a direct impact of overstimulation or an effect of acoustic deprivation? MATERIALS AND METHODS Detection of cell death in a mouse model of noise-induced hearing loss at different times after single or repeated noise exposure. RESULTS A single noise exposure (3 h, 115 dB SPL, 5-20 kHz) induces acute (≤1 day) and long-term (observation period 14 days) degeneration, particularly in subcortical structures. Repeated noise trauma is followed by pathologies in the auditory thalamus and cortex. CONCLUSION Noise has a direct impact on basal structures of the central auditory system; a protection of cortical areas is possibly due to inhibitory neuronal projections. Degenerative mechanisms in higher structures of the pre-damaged system point to an increased impairment of complex processing of acoustic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gröschel
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - A Ernst
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - D Basta
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
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Pedersen IS, Schmidt AY, Bertelsen B, Ernst A, Andersen CLT, Kruse T, Rossing M, Thomassen M. A Danish national effort of BRCA1/2 variant classification. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:159-162. [PMID: 29168416 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1400693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ane Y. Schmidt
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bertelsen
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Autenrieth M, Ernst A, Deaville R, Demaret F, IJsseldijk LL, Siebert U, Tiedemann R. Putative origin and maternal relatedness of male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) recently stranded in the North Sea. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen YJ, Zakeri K, Ernst A, Qin HJ, Meng Y, Kirschner J. Group Velocity Engineering of Confined Ultrafast Magnons. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:267201. [PMID: 29328716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.267201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum confinement permits the existence of multiple terahertz magnon modes in atomically engineered ultrathin magnetic films and multilayers. By means of spin-polarized high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we report on the direct experimental detection of all exchange-dominated terahertz confined magnon modes in a 3 ML Co film. We demonstrate that, by tuning the structural and magnetic properties of the Co film, through its epitaxial growth on different surfaces, e.g., Ir(001), Cu(001), and Pt(111), one can achieve entirely different in-plane magnon dispersions, characterized by positive and negative group velocities. Our first-principles calculations show that spin-dependent many-body correlation effects in Co films play an important role in the determination of the energies of confined magnon modes. Our results suggest a pathway towards the engineering of the group velocity of confined ultrafast magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kh Zakeri
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Heisenberg Spin-dynamics Group, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Ernst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute for Theroretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - H J Qin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Y Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - J Kirschner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Ernst A. Antwort auf den Leserbrief von Schaaf/Hesse zum Artikel
„Die Behandlung des M. Menière mit Betahistin: Kritische Anmerkungen zur
BEMED-Studie“ (Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96 (08): 519–521). Laryngorhinootologie 2017; 96:675. [PMID: 29017227 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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